Human Reproduction:Reproductive Anatomy

LG 2: Understanding of Reproductive AnatomySC: I can Identify 8 Male Reproductive Organs

SC: I can identify 8 Female Reproductive OrgansSC: I can explain the functions of reproductive organs

LG 3: Understanding of the Travel Path of the Sperm & EggSC: I can diagram the travel path of the Sperm

SC: I can diagram the travel path of the EggSC: I can explain Menstruation and it’s stages

Reproductive System Overview

• Reproduction: Making New Offspring• Males Make Sperm (Male Sex Cell)– 23 Chromosomes donated to child from Father

• Females Make Eggs (Female Sex Cell)– 23 Chromosomes donate to child from Mother

• Conception: When the Sperm Fertilizes the Egg– Internal process (Mammal)

Reproductive System Overview:Hormones• Hormone: Natural Chemicals that act as messengers

which help the body work properly. These flow with the blood in the blood stream.

• Sex Hormones: Hormones (gender specific) that trigger change in the body (like puberty), and are responsible for the production of Sex Cells.– Male Sex Hormone: Testosterone – Female Sex Hormone: Estrogen, Progesterone

Reproductive Terminology

• Genital: The parts of the reproductive system that are outside of the body.

• Semen: Thick, Whitish Fluid that carries and nourishes Sperm.

• Gland: The parts of the body which produce important fluids

• Gonad: The sex glands. Gonads make Sex Cells (Eggs & Sperm) and Sex Hormones – Male: Testicles – Female: Ovaries

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System:Organs & Functions• Penis: The organ of the male genitals. Responsible for

transmission of semen to the Vagina.

• Testicle: Male gonads. Testicles are found in the scrotum and they make sperm and produce testosterone. (Also called testes)

• Scrotum: the sac that holds the testes and is responsible for regulating temperature.

Male Reproductive System:Organs & Functions• Epididymis: Coiled tube, connected to the testicle.

Once sperm are made, they are stored for maturation in the Epididymis.

• Vas Deferens: The tube that carries mature sperm from the Epididymis into the body.

• Seminal Vesicle: Glands on each of the vas deferens that make some of the liquid part of semen

Male Reproductive System:Organs & Functions• Prostate Gland: Gland under the bladder that makes

some of the liquid part of the semen.

• Cowper’s Gland: Glands attached to the Urethra that make a discharge which lines the urethra during an erection. This fluid protects the sperm as they leave the body.

• Urethra: the tube that carries Semen (and urine) out of the body.

Male Reproductive System:The Penis—a Deeper Look• Shaft: The long, skin-covered part of the penis• Head: The nerve-filled part at the end of the penis

(glans penis)• Foreskin: The sleeve of skin around the Head of the

penis. It is sometimes removed.• Circumcision: An operation to remove the foreskin

from the penis. • Flaccid: A state in which the penis is not erect• Erection: the penis fills with blood becoming larger

and harder, preparing for ejaculation.

The Travel Path of the Sperm

1) Testicle: Sperm Production

2) Epididymis: Sperm Maturation

3) Vas Deferens

4) Prostate & Seminal Vesicle: Sperm to Semen

5) Urethra & Cowper’s Gland

6) Penis

...and then...

EJACULATION!

• Ejaculation: The release of Semen from the Penis.

• Ejaculate: syn. Semen

• Pre-Ejaculate: Fluid secreted by Cowper’s Gland

• 40 Million to 600 Million Sperm per each Ejaculation

• Occurs at average speed of 28 mph

• In a lifetime, men will produce 14 gallons of Sperm

Female Reproductive SystemExternal View

Female Reproductive SystemInternal View

Female Reproductive System:Internal Organs & Functions

• Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes): The ducts that carry an Ovum (Egg) from the Ovary to the Uterus

• Ovary: Female Gonad. Glands on either side of the Uterus where egg cells are stored and female hormones are made.

Female Reproductive System:Internal Organs & Functions• Vagina: The “tube” leading from the Uterus to the

outside of the female’s body. This is also called the Birth Canal

• Cervix: The opening of the Uterus to the Vagina

• Uterus: The organ where the fetus grows until birth.

Female Reproductive System:External Organs & Functions• Clitoris: The part of the female genitals that is nerve-

packed—much like the penis head.

• Labia (Majora & Minora): Folds of skin in the fmale genitals that protect the openings to the Urethra and Vagina.

• Hymen: The think skin that partly covers the opening to the vagina. It may be absent in some females.

Female Reproductive System:Other tid-bits • Vulva: Term for Female Genitals

• Urethra: Tube that cares urine out of the body

• Ovum: syn. Egg

• Discharge: Liquid/Fluid. Usually describes normal wetness of the vagina or abnormal wetness that may come from an infection in the Penis or Vagina

The Travel Path of the Egg

1) Ovary: Storage & Maturation

2) Fallopian Tube: Egg Carried to the Uterus

--Conception or Menstruation–

3) Uterus: Egg embeds in Uterine Lining

4) Cervix:

5) Vagina (Birth Canal)

Menstruation: YOUR PERIOD

• Menstruation: Process in which the Uterine Lining is broken down and discharged. Also called the Period.

• Menstruation occurs on a 28 day (averaged) Cycle.• Days 1-5: The Uterine Lining is discharged from the body• Days 6-13: The Uterine Lining begins to build back up in

preparation for Ovulation.• Days 14-17: OVULATION: the Ovum travels through the

Fallopian Tube to be fertilized by the Sperm.• Days 18-28: If the egg is not fertilized, the Uterine Lining

begins breaking down in preparation for expulsion.

Menstruation: YOUR PERIOD • Most girls will have their first period between the ages of 10-

16• Most girls will be about 100 lbs. when it happens. • The PERIOD will last between 2-7 days• Tampons (inserted into the Vagina) and Pads should be

changed often, as they can be Odorous...and it’s not a bad idea to carry an extra with you if you think your PERIOD is coming.

• You CAN be active during your PERIOD – In fact, being active can help alleviate Cramps and Bloating

• The average cycle is 28 days—once a month—but can vary– An irregular period is normal for Pubescent