human resource management on jamuna bank limited

8/13/2019 Human Resource Management on Jamuna Bank Limited

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Human Resource Management on Jamuna Bank Limited

Definition of Human resource management:

Human Resource Management (HRM) has been defined as a process of acquisition,

development, motivation, maintenance & utilization of manpower in the organization. That isHuman Resource Management is related to a few aspect of Human Resources working in the

organization.

The human resource major provides 21st-century skills, knowledge, and understanding of human

resource functions in private- and public sector organizational settings A Human Resources

Management specialization provides a student with advanced skills and professional confidence

in managing an organizations human resources. The focus of the curriculum is on preparingstudents to integrate HR functions into an organizations strategic plan. Topics covered include

long-range planning approaches, developing leadership vision, right sizing and downsizing

strategies, international labor relations and conflict resolution, dealing with trade union,

compensation management, labor and safety issues, global human resource development. Thiscareer-focused degree program provides the groundwork for motivated students to pursue careers

in Human Resource Management areas because Human resource practitioners are increasingly

relied upon to make optimal decisions about such topics as the motivation and productivity,compensation, and performance appraisals of the organizations human resource. This field is

particularly challenging due to the diverse interests of management, labor, consumers, regulatory

agencies, political constituents, and environmental issues in a competitive, global economy.

Human Resource Management has been defined in many ways by different authors. These

definitions are given below:

Rckey W. Griffin: Human Resource Management is the set of organizational activitiesdirected at attracting, developing and maintaining an effective work force

Gray Dessler: The policies and practices involved in carrying out the people or human

resource aspects of a management position including recruiting, screening, training, rewardingand appraising.

According to Decenzo and P.Robbins: Human Resource Management is comprised of the

staffing, development, motivation and maintenance functions. Each of these functions however is

affected by exrernal influences.

Human resource management (HRM) is the management of an organizations employees. Thisincludes employment and arbitration in accord with the law, and with a companys directives.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative

view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers

of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood andundertaken by the workforce and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully

accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are


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expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by

many to have a key role in risk reduction within organizations.

So from the above discussion,we can be said that , Human Resource Management is the set of

activities reaching to procuring, developing, maintaining and utilizing a group of people for the

proper functioning of organization activities and achievement of goals.

Historical Development of Human Resource Management

To appreciate where this field is going, lets consider where it has come from. Then we will

examine the current role and scope of human resource management (HRM) and define the fieldit comprises. Finally, we will association the potential impact of effective HRM on productivity,

quality of work life, and profit the bottom line.

According to French, modern HRM has emerged from nine interrelated sources:

Rapid technological change which increased the specialization of labor association with theIndustrial Revolution

The emergence of free collective bargaining with constraints established for unions andemployers

The scientific management movement

Early industrial psychology

Governmental personnel practices growing out of the establishment of the service commission

The emergence of personnel specialists and the grouping of these specialist personnel

departments

The human relations movement

The behavioral sciences

The social legislation and court decision of the 1960s and 1970s.

Three characteristics of the Industrial Revolution were the development of machinery, the

linking of human power to the machines, and the establishment of factories in which a largenumber of people were employed. The result was a tremendous increase in job specialization as

well as in the amount of goods that workers could produce. Division of labor became the

rallying cry of this revolution. Listen as Adam Smith, writing in his Wealth of Nations, described

the division of labor in a pin factory.

Charles Babbage, writing in his On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, noted theprincipal advantaged of this division of labor.


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Training time for new workers was reduced considerably since only a single task needed to be

learned. Nevertheless, Adam Smith also noted the disadvantages of this division of labor. He

wrote, The man whose whole life is spent performing a few simple operations becomes asstupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become Likewise Karl Marx

stressed the psychological consequences of capitalism and the division of labor.

Along with these improvements in the management of people Owen also instituted what was

perhaps the earliest performance appraisal system. He did this as a check on inferior conduct.

A block of wood, with four different sides painted white, yellow, blue and black was mountedon each employees previous days production. Black meant dad blue meant indifferent

(average), yellow meant well, and white meant excellent. This practice was highly successful,

but some of Owens other efforts were not. For example, the promise of a special holiday in

summer was not adequate inducement to all employees to come to work on New Years Day andto give up the days libations.

These experiments by Owen at New Lanark contributed to the profitability of his mills and made

him rich and famous. About 1813, in his Address to the superintendents of Manufactories, hestated.

The time and money so spent, even while such improvements are in progress only, and but half

their beneficial results attained are now producing a return exceeding 50 percent.

In view of his efforts to improve the management of people at work, Owen has been recognized

as the pioneer of personnel management. This far we can see that the Industrial revolution

greatly accelerated the development of business and commerce. Owners and entrepreneursgenerally did quite well for themselves, but the average citizen fared poorly in comparison to

todays workers in terms of purchasing power and working conditions. Labor was considered as

a commodity to be bought and sold, and the prevailing political philosophy of laissez faireresulted in little action by governments to protect the lot of workers.Because of the way theywere abused, it was inevitable that workers would organize to protect themselves and to improve

their lot in life.

Workfoce management has become increasingly complex. The heritage and growth of the human

resource management profession is closely linked to peoples attitudes about work, the evolutionof employment-related laws and sociological trends. The HR field today recognizes the dynamic

relationship between strategy, people, technology and the processes that drive organizations.

One could argue that the HR field dates back to the first working arrangements between mastercraftspeople and their apprentices. Before the industrial Revolution, working arrangements

involved close relationships between mentors and apprentices dedicated to learning a particular

trade. Apprentices were often required to live in the shop or home of the master craftsperson. Ifan apprentice was injured or sick, the masters family was responsible for restoring the young

workers health and welfare. Master and apprentice shared in good times and bad, in profit and in

loss.


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The usefulness of this age-old relationship came to an abrupt end with the advent of the

Industrial Age. In one powerful stroke, the notion of work moved from guilds and home shops to

steam-driven factories. The introduction of the assembly line brought a need for low-skilledemployees capable of performing repetitive tasks. Management philosophy at the turn of the

century was epitomized by Henry Ford, who often wondered why workers brought their heads to

work when all he really needed was their hands and feet.

Key principles and practices associated with HRM date back to the beginning of mankind.

Mechanisms were developed for the selection of tribal leaders, for example, and knowledge wasrecorded and passed on to youth about safety, health, hunting, and gathering. More advanced

HRM functions were developed as early as 1000 and 2000 B.C. Employee screening tests have

been traced back to 1115 B.C. in China, for instance. And the earliest form of industrial

education, the apprentice system, was started in ancient Greek and Babylonian civilizationsbefore gaining prominence during medieval times.

Since the inception of modem management theory, the terminology used to describe the role and

function of workers has evolved from personnel to industrial relations to employeerelations to human resources. While all of these terms remain in use, human resources most

accurately represents the view of workers by contemporary management theory: as valuableresources managed in the same manner as other valuable resources, according to the authors of

Human Resource Management.

The need for an organized form of HRM emerged during the industrial revolution, as the

manufacturing process evolved from a cottage system to factory production. As the United States

shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, companies were forced to

develop and implement effective ways of recruiting and keeping skilled workers.

In addition, industrialization helped spur immigration, as the country opened its borders to fillindustrial positions. Filling these jobs with immigrants, however, created an even greater needfor adequate management of employees.

Between the 1880s and the 1940s, immigration rose significantly and remained robust until

World War II. Advertisements circulated throughout the world depicting the United States as the

land of opportunity where good-paying industrial jobs were plentiful. As a result, the country hada steady stream of low-skill, low-cost immigrant workers who occupied manufacturing,

construction, and machinery operation positions. Even though these employees performed

largely routine tasks, managers faced serious obstacles when trying to manage them since they

spoke different languages.

Early human resource management techniques included social welfare approaches aimed at

helping immigrants adjust to their jobs and to life in the United States. These programs assistedimmigrants in learning English and obtaining housing and medical care. In addition, these

techniques promoted supervisory training in order to increase productivity.

While some companies paid attention to the human side of employment, however, others did

not. Therefore, other factors such as hazardous working conditions and pressure from labor


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unions also increased the importance of effective management of human resources. Along with

the manufacturing efficiencies brought about by industrialization came several shortcomings

related to working conditions. These problems included: hazardous tasks, long hours, andunhealthy work environments. The direct cause of employers seeking better HRM programs was

not poor working conditions, but rather the protests and pressures generated by workers and

organized labor unions. Indeed, labor unions, which had existed as early as 1790 in the UnitedStates, became much more powerful during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

There were two other particularly important contributing factors to the origination of modemHRM during that period. The first was the industrial welfare movement, which represented a

shift in the way that managers viewed employeesfrom nonhuman resources to human beings.

That movement resulted in the creation of medical care and educational facilities. The second

factor was Frederick W. Taylors (1856-1915) Scientific Management, a landmark book thatoutlined management methods for attaining greater productivity from low-level production

workers.

The first corporate employment department designed to address employee concerns was createdby the B.F. Goodrich Company in 1900. In 1902 National Cash Register formed a similar

department to handle worker grievances, wage administration, record keeping, and many otherfunctions that would later be relegated to HRM departments at most large

U.S. companies. HRM as a professional discipline was especially bolstered by the passage of theWagner Act in 1935 (also known as the National Labor Relations Act), which remained the basic

U.S. labor law through the 1990s. It augmented the power of labor unions and increased the role

and importance of personnel managers.

During the 1930s and 1940s the general focus of HRM changed from a focus on worker

efficiency and skills to employee satisfaction. That shift became especially pronounced afterWorld War II, when a shortage of skilled labor forced companies to pay more attention toworkers needs. Employers, influenced by the famous Hawthorne productivity studies and

similar research, began to emphasize personal development and improved working conditions as

a means of motivating employees.

In the 1960s and 1970s the federal government furthered the HRM movement with a battery ofregulations created to enforce fair treatment of workers, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the

Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), and

the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Because of these acts, companies began placing

greater emphasis on HRM in order to avoid lawsuits for violating this legislation. Theseregulations created an entirely new legal role for HRM professionals. Furthermore, during the

1970s, HRM gained status as a recognized profession with the advent of human resource

programs in colleges.

By the end of the 1970s, virtually all medium-sized and large companies and institutions had

some type of HRM program in place to handle recruitment, training, regulatory compliance,dismissal, and other related issues. HRMs importance continued to grow during the 1980s for

several reasons. Changing workforce values, for example, required the skills of HRM


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professionals to adapt organizational structures to a new generation of workers with different

attitudes about authority and conformity. Shifting demographics forced changes in the way

workers were hired, fired, and managed. Other factors contributing to the importance of HRMduring the 1980s and 1990s were increasing education levels, growth of service and white-collar

jobs, corporate restructuring (including reductions in middle management), more women in

the workforce, slower domestic market growth, greater international competition, and newfederal and state regulations.

Functions of Human Resources Management:

The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key

among them is deciding the staffing needs of an organization and whether to use independentcontractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees,

ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel

and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your

approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies.

Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselvesbecause they cant yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that

employees have and are aware of personnel policies which conform to current regulations. Thesepolicies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have.

The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone major changes over the past 2030years. Many years ago, large organizations looked to the Personnel Department, mostly to

manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider

the HR Department as playing an important role in staffing, training and helping to manage

people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highlyfulfilling manner.

There are so many functions of HRM. Some important functions are presented here:

1. Acquisition: The first function of human resource management is acquisitions of efficientand committed people for the organization.

2. Development:After acquisition, the next function is to develop human resources bytraining so that they can work efficiently and utilize skills and efficiency to a large extent.

3. Motivation: After making the human resources skilled and efficient, HRM must retainthem in the organization for a long time. By applying motivational means this purpose may be

fulfied.

4. Maintenance:It is the one of the most important point of HRM.

5. Training & Development:There are different methods of training and development.Training and development means changing what employees know, how they work, their attitudes

toward their work, or their interaction with their co- workers or supervisors.

6. Promotion and transfer: Another step of HRM functions is promotion and transfer.Employees deserve it after a few years. Similarly, employees may be transferred as per need of

the organization or desire of the employees.


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7. Job analysis: Job analysis is a systematic exploration of the activities within a job. It is a

technical procedure used to define the duties, responsibilities and accountabilities of a job. This

analysis involves the identification and description of what is happening in the job.

8. Maintenance of working environment: Maintenance of working environment is a must

for every organization. Maintaining a healthy work environment is not only a proper thing to do

but also benefits the employer, like increased productivity, increased positive attitude towardstheir organization.

9. Remuneration: Workers come to work in the organization for getting remuneration.

Without it, human resources can not work. The human resources should be given reasonable

remuneration to work properly.

10. Labor Management Relation: There is s need for good and harmonious employer and

employee relations. Historically, the relationship between labor and management was built on

conflict. A good labor management relation is a must for organizational peace as well as work

environment.

Human Resource Planning & Development:

Human Resource Management (HRM)

We often hear the term Human Resource Management, Employee Relations and Personnel

Management used in the popular press as well as by Industry experts. Whenever we hear these

terms, we conjure images of efficient managers busily going about their work in glitzy offices.In this article, we look at the question what is HRM? by giving a broad overview of the topicand introducing the readers to the practice of HRM in contemporary organizations. Though as

with all popular perceptions, the above imagery has some validity, the fact remains that there is

much more to the field of HRM and despite popular depictions of the same, the art and

science of HRM is indeed complex. We have chosen the term art and science as HRM isboth the art of managing people by recourse to creative and innovative approaches; it is a

science as well because of the precision and rigorous application of theory that is required.


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As outlined above, the process of defining HRM leads us to two different definitions. The first

definition of HRM is that it is the process of managing people in organizations in a

structured and thorough manner. This covers the fields of staffing (hiring people), retentionof people, pay and perks setting and

Management, performance management, change management and taking care of exits from thecompany to round off the activities. This is the traditional definition of HRM which leads some

experts to define it as a modern version of the Personnel Management function that was usedearlier.

The second definition of HRM encompasses the management of people in organizations

from a macro perspectivei.e. managing people in the form of a collective relationship betweenmanagement and employees. This approach focuses on the objectives and outcomes of the HRM

function. What this means is that the HR function in contemporary organizations is concerned

with the notions of people enabling, people development and a focus on making the

employment relationship fulfilling for both the management and employees.

These definitions emphasize the difference between Personnel Management as defined in the

second paragraph and human resource management as described in the third paragraph. To put itin one sentence, personnel management is essentially workforce centered whereas humanresource management is resource centered. The key difference is HRM in recent times is

about fulfilling management objectives of providing and deploying people and a greateremphasis on planning, monitoring and control.

Whatever the definition we use the answer to the question as to what is HRM? is that it is allabout people in organizations. No wonder that some MNCs (Multinationals) call the HR

managers as People Managers, People Enablers and the practice as people management. In the

21st century organizations, the HR manager or the people manager is no longer seen as someonewho takes care of the activities described in the traditional way. In fact, most organizations have

different departments dealing with Staffing, Payroll, and Retention etc. Instead, the HR manager

is responsible for managing employee expectations vis--vis the management objectives and

reconciling both to ensure employee fulfillment and realization of management objectives.

In conclusion, this article has briefly touched upon the topic of HRM and served as anintroduction to HRM. We shall touch upon the other topics that this field covers in other articles.


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CONCLUSION

To analyzing the status of JBL applied in indeed very much consistent and relevant to developthe rural areas Human resources management is very much important for every business

organization. Human Resources may be the most misunderstood of all corporate departments,

but its also the most necessary. Those who work in Human Resources are not only responsiblefor hiring and firing; they also handle contacting job references and administering employee

benefits. Actually these departments do that work.

HSBC is operating for 13 years and have grownsignificantly. So after all the details it is clear

that to run anorganization effectively and efficiently it must have to do someHR jobs.

Satisfying every need of the employees which helps a lot to increase the OCBs (organizational

citizenship behavior) positivity.Bangladesh is very young in HRM practices.

So most of theorganizations are not concerned about the HRM practices. Byusing HRM

organizations of Bangladesh can be more efficientthan before and overall monitoring process

will be more effectiveas well as beneficial. HRM actually maintains and creates organizationalculture. A strong organizational culture is the keyof its success. Considerably, we all hope that

every organizationof Bangladesh will soon start to practice all the HR activities fortheir long

term growth.

References/Bibilography

Miles, RE & Snow, CC 1984, Designing strategic human resource management systems,Organizational Dynamics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 62-74.

Strategic Human Resource Management, Michael Armstront,3rdEdition Decenzo, DA & Robbins, SP 2003, Human Resource Management. 6thEd., Singapore:

John Wiley & Sons.


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http://traininganddevelopment.naukrihub.com/training-and-hr-management.html,retrieved on 15 January, 2011.

http://traininganddevelopment.naukrihub.com/importance-of-training-objectives.html,retrieved on 15 January, 2011.

http://university-essays.tripod.com/reward_management.html, retrieved on 15 January,2011.

Miles, RE & Snow, CC 1984, Designing strategic human resource management systems,Organizational Dynamics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 62-74.

www.hsbc.com www.iisd.com www.bangladesh-bank .org www.citehr.com

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