human skeletal muscles - cscstestprep.com · this document presented in table format contains...

HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLES

This document presented in table format contains information about the skeletal

muscles of the human body. Each muscle’s origin, insertion, innervation, blood

supply, and action are included. In order to aid with memorization and retention, it is

good practice to utilize an anatomy atlas to help visualize the muscles as you study.

©PracticeRepetitions, LLC

Table of Contents

Epicranial Musculature……………..3

Ocular Musculature…………………3

Muscles of Facial Expression……….4

Muscles of Mastication……………...5

Suboccipital Musculature…………...6

Splenius Musculature………………..6

Anterior Neck Musculature………...7

Anterolateral Neck Musculature…...8

Superficial Neck Musculature……....9

Superficial Back Musculature……....9

Transversospinal Musculature……10

Deep Back Musculature…………...10

Erector Spinae Musculature………11

Intercostal Musculature…………...12

Abdominal Musculature…………...12

Pectoral Musculature……………...13

Shoulder Girdle Musculature…………………….…..13

Anterior Brachial Musculature……………………...14

Posterior Brachial Musculature……………………..15

Antebrachial Flexor Musculature…………………...15

Antebrachial Extensor Musculature………………...16

Intrinsic Thenar Musculature of the Hand………….18

Intrinsic Hypothenar Musculature of the Hand….…18

Intrinsic Short Musculature of the Hand…………....19

Gluteal Musculature……………………………….….20

Anterior Thigh Musculature………………………....21

Adductor Thigh Musculature…………………….…..22

Posterior Thigh Musculature………………………...23

Anterior Leg Musculature…………………………....23

Lateral Leg Musculature……………………………..24

Posterior Leg Musculature……………...……………24

Foot Musculature……………………………………...25

Epicranial Musculature

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Occipitalis superior nuchal line galea aponeurotica posterior auricular branch

of the facial nerve (VII)

occipital a.

pulls the scalp posteriorly;

elevates the eyebrows

Frontalis galea aponeurotica skin of the eyebrow temporal branches of the

facial nerve (VII)

supraorbital and

supratrochlear aa.

elevates the eyebrows and

wrinkles the forehead

Ocular Musculature


Levator palpebrae

superioris

apex of the orbit above

the optic canal

skin and fascia of upper

eyelid and the superior

tarsal plate

oculomotor nerve (III)

and sympathetics (to the

superior tarsal portion)

ophthalmic a. elevates the upper eyelid

Medial rectus common tendinous ring at

the apex of the orbit

sclera on the medial

surface of the eyeball

oculomotor nerve (III)

(inferior division)

ophthalmic a

adducts the corneal part of

the eyeball

Lateral rectus common tendinous ring at


sclera on the lateral


abducens nerve (VI)

ophthalmic a.

abducts the corneal part of

the eyeball

Superior rectus common tendinous ring at


sclera on the superior


oculomotor nerve (III),

superior division

ophthalmic a

elevates and adducts the

eyeball; rotates the

superior pole of the iris

medially

Inferior rectus common tendinous ring at


sclera on the inferior



inferior division

ophthalmic a.

depresses and adducts the

corneal part of the



laterally

Superior oblique apex of the orbit above

the optic canal

sclera on the posterior

superior surface of the

eyeball

trochlear nerve (IV)

ophthalmic a.

depresses and abducts the



medially

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Inferior oblique floor of the orbit lateral to

the lacrimal groove

sclera on the inferior



inferior division

ophthalmic a.

elevates and abducts the

corneal part of the eye;

rotates the superior pole

of the iris laterally; when

the eye is adducted, this

muscle elevates the

cornea

Muscles of Facial Expression


Orbicularis oculi orbital part: medial orbital

margin and the medial

palpebral ligament;

palpebral part: medial

palpebral ligament

orbital part: skin of the

lateral cheek; palpebral

part: lateral palpebral

raphe

temporal & zygomatic

branches of the facial

nerve (VII)

supraorbital a.,

supratrochlear a.,

infraorbital a., angular

branch of the facial a

closes the eyelids

Corrugator medial part of the

supercillary arch

skin of the medial half of

the eyebrow

temporal branch of the

facial nerve (VII)

Supratrochlear a

pulls eyebrows together

medially

Orbicularis oris skin and fascia of lips and

the area surrounding the

lips

skin and fascia of the lips buccal branch of the facial

nerve (VII)

superior and inferior

labial branches of the

facial a., mental a.,

infraorbital a.

purses the lips

Levator labii superioris

alaque nasi

frontal process of the

maxilla

upper lip

nasal cartilage

buccal branch of the facial

nerve (VII)

infraorbital a., superior

labial branch of the facial

a.

elevates the upper lip and

flares the nostril

Levator labii superioris inferior margin of the

orbit

skin of the upper lip buccal branch of the facial

nerve (VII)



a.

elevates the upper lip

Zygomaticus minor lower surface of the

zygomatic bone

lateral part of the upper

lip


nerve (VII)

transverse facial a., facial

a.

elevates the upper lip

Zygomaticus major upper lateral surface of

the zygomatic bone

skin of the angle of the

mouth

zygomatic and buccal

branches of the facial

nerve (VII)


a

elevates and draws the

corner of the mouth

laterally

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Risorius fascia of the lateral cheek skin of the angle (corner)

of the mouth

buccal branches of the

facial nerve (VII)


a.

draws the corner of the

mouth laterally

Levator anguli oris canine fossa of the

maxilla

angle (corner) of the

mouth


nerve (VII)



a.

elevates the angle of the

mouth

Buccinator pterygomandibular raphe,

mandible, and the maxilla

lateral to the molar teeth

angle of mouth and the

lateral portion of the

upper and lower lips


facial nerve (VII)

facial a.

pulls the corner of mouth

laterally; presses the

cheek against the teeth

Depressor anguli oris oblique line of the

mandible

angle of the mouth marginal mandibular &


facial nerve (VII)

inferior labial branch of

the facial a., mental a.

pulls the corner of the

mouth downward

Depressor labii

inferioris

anterior surface of the

mandible

skin of the lower lip marginal mandibular

branch of the facial nerve

(VII)

inferior labial branch of

the facial a., mental a.

depresses the lower lip

Muscles of Mastication


Masseter zygomatic arch and

zygomatic bone

lateral surface of the

ramus and angle of the

mandible

nerve to the masseter,

from the mandibular

division of the trigeminal

nerve (V)

masseteric branch of the

maxillary a

elevates the mandible

Medial pterygoid medial surface of the

lateral pterygoid plate,

pyramidal process of the

palatine bone, tuberosity

of the maxilla

medial surface of the

ramus and angle of the

mandible

medial pterygoid branch

of the mandibular division

of the trigeminal nerve

(V)

pterygoid branch of the

maxillary a.

elevates and protracts the

mandible

Lateral pterygoid superior head: greater

wing of the sphenoid

bone; inferior head:


lateral pterygoid plate

superior head: capsule

and & articular disk of the

temporomandibular joint;

inferior head: neck of the

mandible

lateral pterygoid branch

of the mandibular division

of the trigeminal nerve

(V)

pterygoid branch of the

maxillary a.

protracts the mandible;

opens the mouth; active in

grinding actions of

chewing

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Temporalis temporal fossa and the

temporal fascia

coronoid process of the

mandible and the anterior

surface of the ramus of

the mandible

anterior and posterior

deep temporal nerves

from the mandibular


nerve (V)

anterior and posterior

deep temporal aa.

elevates the mandible;

retracts the mandible

(posterior fibers)

Suboccipital Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Rectus Capitis Posterior

Minor

Tubercle of posterior arch

of atlas.

medial 1/3 of the superior

nuchal line and the skull

beneath.

Suboccipital n. Vertebral a. &

Occipital a.

Extension of skull.

Rectus Capitis Posterior

Major

Spinous process of axis. Lateral part of superior

nuchal line (occipital

bone)


Occipital a.

Extension of skull.

Obliquus Capitis

Superior

Transverse process of

atlas.

Lateral part of superior

nuchal line.


Occipital a.

Lateral rotation and

extension of head.

Obliquus Capitis

Inferior

Spine of axis. Transverse process of

atlas.


Occipital a.

Lateral depression of atlas

(Bends head backwards to

same side)

Splenius Musculature


Splenius Capitus Ligamentum nuchae

Spinous processes: C7-T3

-Mastoid process of

temporal bone

-Superior nuchal line.

Dorsal rami of lower

cervical spinal nerves.

Deep cervical a.

(comes off costal

costocervical trunk) &

Posterior intercostals

arteries.

Bilateral: extension of

head and neck.

Unilateral: lateral flexion

and rotation of head to

same side.

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Splenius Cervicis Spinous processes T3-T6 Transverse processes C1-

C3

Dorsal rami of lower

cervical spinal nerves

Deep cervical a.

(comes off costal

costocervical trunk) &

Posterior intercostals

arteries.


head and neck.

Unilateral: lateral flexion

and rotation of head to

same side.

Anterior Neck Musculature


Sternohyoid posterior surfaces of both

the manubrium and

sternal end of the clavicle

lower border of the hyoid

bone, medial to the

omohyoid m. insertion

ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. depresses/stabilizes the

hyoid bone

Omohyoid inferior belly: upper

border of the scapula

medial to the scapular

notch; superior belly:

intermediate tendon

inferior belly:

intermediate tendon;

superior belly: lower

border of the hyoid bone

lateral to the sternohyoid

insertion

ansa cervicalis transverse cervical a

depresses/stabilizes the

hyoid bone

Sternothyroid posterior surface of the

manubrium below the

origin of the sternohyoid

m.

oblique line of the thyroid

cartilage

ansa cervicalis

superior thyroid a


hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid

oblique line of the thyroid

cartilage

lower border of the hyoid

bone

ansa cervicalis (via fibers

running with the

hypoglossal nerve that

leave XII distal to the

superior limb of ansa)

superior thyroid a.

elevates the larynx;


hyoid bone

Stylohyoid posterior side of the

styloid process

splits around the

intermediate tendon of the

digastric m. to insert on

the body of the hyoid

bone

facial nerve (VII) ascending pharyngeal a. elevates and retracts the

hyoid bone

Digastric anterior belly: digastric

fossa of the mandible;

posterior belly: mastoid

notch of the temporal

bone

body of the hyoid via a

fibrous loop over an

intermediate tendon

anterior belly: mylohyoid

nerve, from the

mandibular division of the

trigeminal nerve (V);

posterior belly: facial

nerve (VII)

anterior belly:

submental a.; posterior

belly: occipital a.

anterior belly: submental

a.; posterior belly:

occipital a.

elevates the hyoid bone;

depresses the mandible

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Mylohyoid mylohyoid line of

mandible

midline raphe and body of

the hyoid bone

mylohyoid nerve from the

inferior alveolar nerve, a

branch of the mandibular


nerve (V)

mylohyoid branch of the

inferior alveolar a.

elevates the hyoid bone

and the tongue; depresses

the mandible

Geniohyoid mental spines of the

mandible

body of the hyoid bone ventral primary ramus of

spinal nerve C1 via fibers

carried by the hypoglossal

nerve

lingual a., submental a.

elevates the hyoid bone;

depresses the mandible

Anterolateral Neck Musculature


Anterior scalene anterior tubercles of the

transverse processes of

vertebrae C3-C6

scalene tubercle of the

first rib

brachial plexus, C5-C7 ascending cervical a., a

branch of the

thyrocervical trunk

elevates the first rib;

flexes and laterally bends

the neck

Middle scalene posterior tubercles of the


vertebrae C2-C7

upper surface of the first

rib behind the subclavian

artery

brachial plexus, C3-C8 ascending cervical a. elevates the first rib;


the neck

Posterior scalene posterior tubercles of the


vertebrae C5-C7


second rib

brachial plexus, C7-C8 ascending cervical a. elevates the second rib;


the neck

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Superficial Neck Musculature


Sternocleidomastoid sternal head: anterior

surface of the manubrium;

clavicular head: medial

1/3rd of the clavicle

mastoid process and

lateral 1/2 of the superior

nuchal line

spinal accessory nerve

(XI), with sensory supply

from C2 & C3 (for

proprioception)

sternocleidomastoid

branch of the occipital a.

draws the mastoid process

down toward the same

side which causes the chin

to turn up toward the

opposite side; acting

together, the muscles of

the two sides flex the

neck

Platysma fascia overlying the

pectoralis major and

deltoid muscles

inferior border of the

mandible and skin of

lower face

cervical branch of the

facial nerve (VII)

facial a. draws the corners of the

mouth down; it aids in

depression of the

mandible

Superficial Back Musculature


Trapezius -Superior nuchal line

(ligamentum nuchae)

-external occipital

protuberance

-spinous processes C7 –

T12

Superior: later 1/3

clavicle, acromion

Middle: spine of scapula

Inferior: root of spine of

scapula

Cranial Nerve XI

(accessory nerve) and

branches of C3, C4

Transverse Cervical

Artery.

Superior: elevate, upward

rotation of scapula.

Middle: retract scapula

Inferior: depress, upward

rotation scapula.

Latissimus dorsi -spinous process of T7-

T12

-thoracolumbar

aponeurosis

-iliac crest

Intertubercular groove of

humerus

Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal artery Extends, adducts and

medially rotates humerus.

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Transversospinal Musculature


Semispinalis

Thoracis

Cervicis

Capitis

T: transverse processes of

T6-T10

Cerv: transverse processes

of T1-T5

Cap: transverse processes

of C7-T6

T: spinous

Processes C6-T4.

Cerv: spinous

Processes C2-C5.

Cap: between


nuchal line.

Dorsal rami of spinal

nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior

intercostals, subcostals

and lumbar arteries.

Extension of head and

vertebral column, lateral

bending and contralateral

rotation.

Multifidus Sacrum, ilium, transverse

processes of all vertebrae.

Spinous process of

superior vertebrae,

inserting 2-4 vertebrae

above origin.


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior



Stabilization of vertebral

column, extension, lateral

bending, contralateral

rotation.

Rotatores

(Long, Short)

Transverse processes of

vertebrae in thoracic

region.

Lamina of adjacent

superior vertebrae directly

above origin (1-2 levels).


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior



Stabilization of vertebral

column and assist with

local extension and

contralateral rotation.

Deep Back Musculature


Interspinales Upper portion spinous

process of cervical,

thoracic, and lumbar

vertebrae.

Adjacent inferior surface

of superior spinous

process.


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior



Extension and

stabilization during

flexion of vertebral

column.

Intertransversari Upper border of


cervical and lumbar

vertebrae.

Lower border of


superior adjacent

vertebrae.


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior



Bilateral: stabilize

vertebral column.

Unilaterally: lateral

bending of trunk and

neck.

Levatores Costarum Transverse processes C7-

T12.

Posterior surface and

angle of rib below.


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior



Elevate ribs in inspiration

and assist in lateral

bending of vertebral

column.

Quadratus Lumborum Iliac crest & iliolumbar

ligament.

Transverse processes L1-

L4 and 12th

rib.

Ventral rami of T12-L4

spinal nerves.

subcostal arteries and

lumbar arteries.


trunk and also fixes 12th

rib.

Unilateral: lateral flexion.

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Erector Spinae Musculature


Iliocostalis

Lumborum

Thoracis

Cervicis

L: common tendon.

T: angles of lower ribs 6-

12.

C: angles of ribs

3-6.

L: angles lower 6 ribs

T: angles upper 6 ribs &

transverse process C7

C: transverse processes

C4-C6


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior

intercostals, subcostal and

lumbar arteries.


head and vertebral

column.


flexion of neck and

vertebral column.

Longissimus

Thoracis

Cervicis

Capitis

T: common tendon,

transverse processes L1-

L5.

Cer: transverse process

T1-T12.

Cap: C4-C7 & TP of T1-

T5.

T: ribs 3-12.

Cer: transverse processes

C2-C6.

Cap: mastoid.


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior


lumbar arteries.


head and vertebral

column.


flexion of neck and

vertebral column.

Spinalis

Thoracis

Cervicis

Capitis

T: spinous processes

T11-L2.

Cer: ligamentum nuchae

& spinous process C7.

Cap: indistinct from

semispinalis capitis

(transverse processes C7-

T6).

T: spinous processes T1-

T4.

Cer: spinous process of

C2.

Cap: between superior

and inferior nuchal line.


nerves.

Segmentally: deep

cervical, posterior


lumbar arteries.


head and vertebral

column.


flexion of neck and

vertebral column.

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Intercostal Musculature


External intercostal

muscles

Shaft of rib just lateral to

tubercle

Runs Obliquely, inferiorly

and anteriorly to the rib.

Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Keeps ribs from bulging

out

Internal intercostal

muscles

Costal groove to superior

rib

Superior margin of

inferior rib

Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Keeps ribs from bulging

out

Innermost intercostal Inferior border of ribs Superior border of ribs Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Probably elevate ribs

Transversus thoracis Xiphoid process and

inferior part of the body

2-6 costal cartilages Intercostal nerves Intercostal a Depreses 2-6 ribs

Abdominal Musculature


Diaphragm Inner xiphoid process

Inner surface of the lower

6 ribs

Upper 2 or 3 Lumbar

vertebrae

Central tendon of the

diaphragm

Phrenic nerve Musculophrenic a

Post intercostal a

Superior phrenic a

Pericardiophrenic a

Pulls down to increase

volume of thoracic cage.

External Oblique External surface of Ribs

5-12

Linea alba, Pubic

tubercle, Ant. Iliac crest,

xiphoid process

- Inf. 6 intercoastal nerve

- Subcostal n.

- Iliohypogastric n

- Superior, deep and

inferior epigastric a.

- Flex and rotate trunk

- Compresses and

supports the abdominal

viscera

Internal Oblique Thoracolumbar fascia,

Iliac crest, inguinal

ligament.

Inferior border of 10-12

ribs, linea alba, pubis.

Ant rami of inferior 6

thoracic and first lumbar

nerves.


inferior epigastric artery.

- Compresses and

supports the abdominal

viscera.

Rectus Abdominus Pubic symphysis and

pubic crest

Xiphoid process, 5-7th

costal cartilages.

Ant. Rami of inferior 6

thoracic nerves and


intercostals nerves.


inferior epigastric artery.

- Flexes trunk and

compresses abdominal

viscera.

Transverse abdominus Lower 6 costal cartilages,

thoracolumbar fascia,

iliac crest, inguinal

ligament.

Linea alba, xiphoid

process and pubic

symphysis.

Ant rami of inferior 6

thoracic and first lumbar

nerves.

Superior, deep and


Compresses and supports

abdominal viscera.

Pyramidalis Body of pubis Linea alba Subcostal n. Superior, deep and


Tenses linea alba

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Pectoral Musculature


Pectoralis Major medial 1/2 of the clavicle,

manubrium & body of

sternum, costal cartilages

of ribs 2-6, sometimes

from the rectus sheath of

the upper abdominal wall

Lateral lip of

intertubercular groove of

humerus.

medial and lateral

pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

pectoral branch of the

thoracoacromial trunk

flexes and adducts the

arm, medially rotates the

arm

Pectoralis Minor ribs 3-5 coracoid process of the

scapula

medial pectoral nerve

(C8, T1)

pectoral branch of the


draws the scapula

forward, medialward, and

downward

Subclavius 1st rib and it's cartilage inferior surface of the

clavicle

nerve to subclavius (C5) clavicular br. of the


draws the clavicle (and

hence the shoulder) down

and forward

Shoulder Girdle Musculature


Deltoid lateral one-third of the

clavicle, acromion, the

lower lip of the crest of

the spine of the scapula

deltoid tuberosity of the

humerus

axillary nerve (C5,6) from

the posterior cord of the

brachial plexus

posterior circumflex

humeral a.

abducts arm; anterior

fibers flex & medially

rotate the arm; posterior

fibers extend & laterally

rotate the arm

Supraspinatus supraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of the

humerus (highest facet)

suprascapular nerve

(C5,6) from the superior

trunk of the brachial

plexus

suprascapular a. abducts the arm (initiates

abduction)

Infraspinatus infraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of the

humerus (middle facet)

suprascapular nerve suprascapular a. laterally rotates the arm

Teres minor upper 2/3 of the lateral

border of the scapula

greater tubercle of the

humerus (lowest facet)

axillary nerve (C5,6) from

the posterior cord of the

brachial plexus

circumflex scapular a. laterally rotates the arm

Teres major dorsal surface of the

inferior angle of the

scapula

crest of the lesser tubercle

of the humerus

lower subscapular nerve

(C5,6) from the posterior

cord of the brachial

plexus

circumflex scapular a. adducts the arm, medially

rotates the arm, assists in

arm extension

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Subscapularis medial two-thirds of the

costal surface of the

scapula (subscapular

fossa)

lesser tubercle of the

humerus

upper and lower

subscapular nerves (C5,6)

subscapular a medially rotates the arm;

assists extention of the

arm

Levator scapulae C1-C4 (transverse

processes)

Vertebral border of

scapula from superior

angle to root of spine.

Dorsal scapular n. and

branches of C3, C4.

Dorsal scapular a. -Elevation

-downward rotation of

scapula.

Rhomboid Minor C7-T1 (spinous process) Medial border (vertebral

border) of scapula, root of

spine of scapula.

Dorsal scapular n.

(C5)

Dorsal scapular a.

- retracts

- elevates and rotates

scapula inferiorly.

Rhomboid Major T2-T5 (spinous process) Medial border (vertebral

border) of scapula, from

root of spine to inferior

angle.

Dorsal scapular n. (C5) Dorsal scapular a. - retracts

- elevates and rotates

scapula inferiorly.

Serratus Anterior Lateral portions of ribs 1-

8

Anterior surface of medial

(vertebral) border of

scapula.

Long thoracic n. Lateral thoracic a. Draws scapula

forward(protraction)

Rotates scapula

superiorly, stabilizes

scapula against chest wall.

Anterior Brachial Musculature


Coracobrachialis coracoid process of the

scapula

medial side of the

humerus at mid-shaft

musculocutaneous nerve

(C5,6)

brachial a. flexes and adducts the

arm

Biceps Brachii short head: tip of the

coracoid process of the

scapula; long head:

supraglenoid tubercle of

the scapula

tuberosity of the radius musculocutaneous nerve

(C5,6)

brachial a. flexes the forearm, flexes

arm (long head), supinates

Brachialis anterior surface of the

lower one-half of the

humerus and the

associated intermuscular

septum


ulna

musculocutaneous nerve

(C5,6)

brachial a., radial

recurrent a.

flexes the forearm

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Posterior Brachial Musculature


Triceps brachii long head: infraglenoid

tubercle of the scapula;

lateral head: posterolateral

humerus & lateral

intermuscular septum;

medial head:

posteromedial surface of

the inferior 1/2 of the

humerus

olecranon process of the

ulna

radial nerve deep brachial (profunda

brachii) a.

extends the forearm; the

long head extends and

adducts arm

Anconeus lateral epicondyle of the

humerus

lateral side of the

olecranon and the upper

one-fourth of the ulna

nerve to anconeus, from

the radial nerve

interosseous recurrent a. extends the forearm

Antebrachial Flexor Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Pronator teres common flexor tendon

and (deep or ulnar head)

from medial side of


ulna

midpoint of the lateral

side of the shaft of the

radius

median nerve ulnar a., anterior ulnar

recurrent a.

pronates the forearm

Flexor carpi radialis common flexor tendon

from the medial

epicondyle of the

humerus

base of the second and

third metacarpals

median nerve ulnar a. flexes the wrist, abducts

the hand

Palmaris longus common flexor tendon,

from the medial

epicondyle of the

humerus

palmar aponeurosis median nerve ulnar a. flexes the wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris common flexor tendon &

(ulnar head) from medial

border of olecranon &

upper 2/3 of the posterior

border of the ulna

pisiform, hook of hamate,

and base of 5th

metacarpal

ulnar nerve ulnar a. flexes wrist, adducts hand

15Th

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Flexor digitorum

superficialis

humeroulnar head:

common flexor tendon;

radial head: middle 1/3 of

radius

shafts of the middle

phalanges of digits 2-5

median nerve ulnar a. flexes the

metacarpophalangeal and

proximal interphalangeal

joints

Flexor digitorum

profundus

posterior border of the

ulna, proximal two-thirds

of medial border of ulna,

interosseous membrane

posterior border of the

ulna, proximal two-thirds

of medial border of ulna,


median nerve (radial one-

half); ulnar nerve (ulnar

one-half)

ulnar a., anterior

interosseous a.

flexes the

metacarpophalangeal,


and distal interphalangeal

joints

Fexor pollicis longus anterior surface of radius

and interosseous

membrane

base of the distal phalanx

of the thumb

median nerve anterior interosseous a. flexes the

metacarpophalangeal and

interphalangeal joints of

the thumb

Pronator quadratus medial side of the anterior

surface of the distal one-

fourth of the ulna

anterior surface of the

distal one-fourth of the

radius

median nerve via the

anterior interosseous

nerve

anterior interosseous a. pronates the forearm

Antebrachial Extensor Musculature


Brachioradialis upper two-thirds of the

lateral supracondylar

ridge of the humerus

lateral side of the base of

the styloid process of the

radius

radial nerve radial recurrent a. flexes the elbow, assists in

pronation & supination

Extensor carpi radialis

longus

lower one-third of the



dorsum of the second

metacarpal bone (base)

deep radial nerve radial a. extends the wrist; abducts

the hand

Extensor carpi radialis

brevis



(common extensor tendon

dorsum of the third

metacarpal bone (base)

radial nerve radial a. extends the wrist; abducts

the hand

Extensor digitorum common extensor tendon

(lateral epicondyle of the

humerus)

extensor expansion of

digits 2-5

deep radial nerve interosseous recurrent a.

and posterior interosseous

a.

extends the




joints of the 2nd-5th digits;

extends wrist

Extensor digiti minimi common extensor tendon

(lateral epicondyle of the

humerus)

joins the extensor

digitorum tendon to the

5th digit and inserts into

the extensor expansion

deep radial nerve interosseous recurrent a. extends the




joints of the 5th digit

16Th

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Extensor carpi ulnaris common extensor tendon

& the middle one-half of

the posterior border of the

ulna

medial side of the base of

the 5th metacarpal

deep radial nerve ulnar a. extends the wrist; adducts

the hand

Supinator lateral epicondyle of the

humerus, supinator crest

& fossa of the ulna, radial

collateral ligament,

annular ligament

lateral side of proximal

one-third of the radius

(deep) radial nerve recurrent interosseous a. supinates the forearm

Abductor pollicis longus middle one-third of the

posterior surface of the

radius, interosseous

membrane, mid-portion

of posterolateral ulna

radial side of the base of

the first metacarpal

radial nerve, deep branch posterior interosseous a. abducts the thumb at

carpometacarpal joint

Extensor pollicis brevis interosseous membrane

and the posterior surface

of the distal radius

base of the proximal

phalanx of the thumb

deep radial nerve posterior interosseous a extends the thumb at the

metacarpophalangeal joint

Extensor pollicis longus interosseous membrane

and middle part of the

posterolateral surface of

the ulna

base of the distal phalanx

of the thumb

deep radial nerve posterior interosseous a extends the thumb at the

interphalangeal joint

Extensor indicis interosseous membrane

and the posterolateral

surface of the distal ulna

its tendon joins the

tendon of the extensor

digitorum to the second

digit; both tendons insert

into the extensor

expansion

deep radial nerve posterior interosseous a extends the index finger at

the metacarpophalangeal,



joints

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Intrinsic Thenar Musculature of the Hand Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Abductor pollicis brevis flexor retinaculum,

scaphoid, trapezium


phalanx of the first digit

recurrent branch of

median nerve

superficial palmar br. of

the radial a.

abducts thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis flexor retinaculum,

trapezium

proximal phalanx of the

1st digit

recurrent branch of the

median nerve

superficial palmar br. of

the radial a.

flexes the

carpometacarpal and

metacarpophalangeal

joints of the thumb

Opponens pollicis flexor retinaculum,

trapezium

shaft of 1st metacarpal recurrent branch of

median nerve

superficial palmar branch

of the radial a.

opposes the thumb

Adductor pollicis oblique head: capitate and

base of the 2nd and 3rd

metacarpals; transverse

head: shaft of the 3rd

metacarpal


phalanx of the thumb

ulnar nerve, deep branch deep palmar arterial arch adducts the thumb

Intrinsic Hypothenar Musculature of the Hand Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Abductor digiti minimi

(hand)

pisiform base of the proximal

phalanx of the 5th digit on

its ulnar side

deep branch of the ulnar

nerve

ulnar a. abducts the 5th digit

Flexor digiti minimi

brevis (hand)

hook of hamate & the

flexor retinaculum

proximal phalanx of the

5th digit

ulnar nerve, deep branch ulnar a. flexes the

carpometacarpal and

metacarpophalangeal

joints of the 5th digit

Opponens digiti minimi hook of hamate and flexor

retinaculum

shaft of 5th metacarpal ulnar nerve, deep branch ulnar a. opposes the 5th digit

Palmaris brevis fascia overlying the

hypothenar eminence

skin of the palm near the

ulnar border of the hand

superficial br. of the ulnar

n.

ulnar a. draws the skin of the

ulnar side of the hand

toward the center of the

palm

18Th

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Intrinsic Short Musculature of the Hand


Lumbrical (hand) flexor digitorum

profundus tendons of

digits 2-5

extensor expansion on the

radial side of the proximal

phalanx of digits 2-5

median nerve (radial 2)

via palmar digital nerves

& ulnar nerve (ulnar 2)

via deep branch

superficial palmar arterial

arch

flex the

metacarpophalangeal

joints, extend the

proximal and distal

interphalangeal joints of

digits 2-5

Dorsal interosseous four muscles, each arising

from two adjacent

metacarpal shafts


phalanx and the extensor

expansion on lateral side

of the 2nd digit, lateral &

medial sides of the 3rd

digit, and medial side of

the 4th digit

ulnar nerve, deep branch dorsal and palmar

metacarpal aa

flex the

metacarpophalangeal

joint, extend the proximal


joints of digits 2-4, abduct

digits 2-4 (abduction of

digits in the hand is

defined as movement

away from the midline of

the 3rd digit)

Palmar interosseous three muscles, arising

from the palmar surface

of the shafts of

metacarpals 2, 4, & 5


phalanx and extensor

expansion of the medial

side of digit 2, and lateral

side of digits 4 & 5

ulnar nerve, deep branch palmar metacarpal aa. flexes the


extends proximal and

distal interphalangeal

joints and adducts digits

2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the

digits of the hand is in

reference to the midline of

the 3rd digit)

19Th

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Gluteal Musculature


Tensor Fascia Latae Lateral side of ASIS Iliotibial band (IT Band) Superior gluteal (L4 and

L5)

Lateral femoral

circumflex artery,


gluteal

flexes the leg and thigh,

aids in abducting and

medial rotation of the

thigh

Gluteus Maximus sacrotuberous ligament

and behind posterior

gluteal line of iliac bone,

dorsal surface of sacrum

and coccyx

superficial: IT Band

Deep: gluteal tuberosity

on femur

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,

S1, S2)

Superior and inferior

gluteal arteries

Lateral rotator and

extensor of the thigh

Gluteus Medius external surface of ilium

between anterior and

posterior gluteal lines

Flat facet on superior

lateral side of greater

trochanter of femur

Superior gluteal (L5 and

S1)

Superior gluteal arteries Ant: flexion, medial

rotation Middle:

abduction Posterior:

extension and lateral

rotation

Gluteus Minimus external surface of ilium

between anterior and

inferior gluteal lines

Facet on anterior side of

greater trochanter

Superior gluteal (L4 and

S1)

Superior gluteal arteries weak medial rotation and

abduction of hip

Piriformis

Anterior lateral surface of

sacral segments S2-4,

sacrotuberous ligament

Superior border of greater

trochanter of femur

Branches of ventral rami

of S1 and S2

Superior and inferior

gluteal arteries

Lateral rotator and

abductor of thigh

Obturator Internus

Internal surface of

obturator foramen

medial surface of greater

trochanter of femur

Nerve to obturator

internus (L5 and S1)

Inferior gluteal artery Laterally rotate abduct

and flex the thigh

Superior Gemellus Ischial spine tendon of obturator

internus muscle superiorly

Nerve to obturator

internus (L5 and S1)

Inferior gluteal artery Laterally rotate abduct

and flex the thigh

Inferior Gemellus Ischial tuberosity

(superior)

tendon of obturator

internus muscle inferiorly

Nerve to quadratus

femoris (L5 and S1)

Medial femoral

circumflex artery, inferior

gluteal artery

Laterally rotate abduct

and flex the thigh

Quadratus Femoris Ischial tuberosity (lateral

side)

quadrate tubercle on

intertrochanteric crest of

femur and area inferior to

it

Nerve to quadratus

femoris (L5 and S1)

Inferior gluteal artery,

medial femoral

circumflex artery

laterally rotate the thigh

20Th

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Anterior Thigh Musculature


Iliacus Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa,

inner lip of the iliac crest,

ala of sacrum

tendon of psoas major,

lesser trochanter of femur

Femoral Nerve (L2, L3,

and L4)

iliolumbar artery off

internal iliac artery,

lumbar artery

flexes the thigh

Psoas Major Anterior lateral surfaces

of T12-L5 vertebrae and

discs between them,

transverse processes of all

lumbar vertebrae

lesser trochanter of femur

via iliopsoas tendon

Ventral rami of lumbar

nerves (L1, L2, and L3)

iliolumbar artery off

internal iliac artery,

lumbar artery

flexes the thigh

Psoas Minor Anterior lateral surfaces

of T12-L5 vertebrae and

discs between them,

transverse processes of all

lumbar vertebrae

pectineal line,

iliopectineal eminence via

iliopectineal arch

Ventral rami of lumbar

nerves (L1 and L2)

Lumbar artery flexes the lumbar

vertebrae

Sartorius Anterior Surface of

anterior superior iliac

spine

Most anterior toe of the

pes anserinum (goose's

foot); superior part of

medial surface of tibia

Femoral Nerve (L2 and

L3)

Branches of the femoral

artery

Flexes, Abducts, and

externally rotates thigh

Rectus Femoris Reflected head: between

acetabulum & inferior

gluteal line Straight

Head: anterior inferior

iliac spine

Base of patella and by the

patellar ligament to tibial

tuberosity


and L4)


artery

Extends leg, flex thigh

Vastus Lateralis Lateral lip of linea aspera

and lateral gluteal

tuberosity via the

quadriceps tendon



tuberosity


and L4)


artery

Extends leg

Vastus Medialis Medial lip of linea aspera

and the most cranial

portion of spiral line



tuberosity


and L4)


artery

Vertical portion: Extends

leg Horizontal portion:

pulls on the patella

medially

Articularis Genu Anterior surface of 1/3 of

femur

synovial capsule of knee

joint


and L4)


artery

Tightens the synovial

capsule

21Th

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Adductor Thigh Musculature


Obturator Externus External surface of

obturator foramen

trochanteric fossa of

femur

posterior division of

obturator nerve (L3 and

L4)

obturator artery, medial

femoral circumflex artery

laterally rotates the thigh

Pectineus Iliopectineal line of pubis Pectineal line on femur Femoral Nerve (L2 and

L3)


artery, medial femoral

circumflex artery,

obturator artery

adduct and flex thigh

Gracilis Body and inferior ramus

of pubis

Pes Anserinum (goose's

foot), superior part of

medial surface of tibia

anterior division of

obturator nerve (L2 and

L3)


artery, medial femoral

circumflex artery,

obturator artery


Adductor Brevis Body and inferior ramus

of pubis

Upper 1/3 of medial lip of

linea aspera of femur

posterior division of

obturator nerve (L2, L3

and L4)




Adductor Longus Body of pubis inferior to

the pubic crest

Medial 1/3 portion of the

medial lip of linea aspera

of femur

anterior division of

obturator nerve (L2, L3

and L4)



adduct the thigh

Adductor Magnus transverse: inferior ramus

of the pubis Oblique:

ischial ramus of ischium

Hamstring: ischial

tuberosity

transverse: medial to

gluteal tuberosiy, linea

aspera Oblique: lateral lip

of linea aspera and lateral

supracondylar ridge of

femur Hamstring:

adductor tubercle of

femur

adductor part: posterior

division of obturator

nerve (L2, L3, and L4)

Hamstring part: tibial part

of sciatic nerve (L4)

4 perforating branches of

profunda femoral artery,



Adduct and flex thigh

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Posterior Thigh Musculature


Semi- Membranosis ischial tuberosity medial condyle of the

tibia

tibial division of sciatic

nerve (L5, S1, and S2)

perforating branches of

profunda femoral artery

flexes and medially

rotatoes the knee and

extends the thigh

Semi-Tendinosis ischial tuberosity, inferior

to biceps femoris muscle

Pes Anserinum (goose's

foot) most inferior of

three tendons, superior

part of medial surface of

tibia

tibial division of sciatic

nerve (L5, S1, and S2)



flexes and medially

rotatoes the knee and

extends the thigh

Biceps femoris hamstring head: ischial

tuberosity Short head:

lateral lip of linea aspera

and lateral supracondylar

ridge of femur

lateral side of head of

fibula

hamstring head: tibial

division of sciatic nerve

(L5, S1, and S2) Short

head:common peroneal

division of sciatic nerve

(L5, S1, and S2)



extends the thigh, flex and

laterally rotates the knee

Anterior Leg Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Tibialis Anterior lateral condyle and

superior half of lateral

surface of tibia and


medial and inferior

surfaces of medial

cuneiform and base of 1st

metatarsal

deep peroneal nerve (L4

and L5)

anterior tibial artery dorsiflexion and inversion

of the foot

Extensor Hallucis

Longus

middle part of anterior

surface of fibula and


dorsal aspect of base of

distal phalanx of great toe

by way of extensor sheath


and S1)

anterior tibial artery extend great toe and

dorsiflex foot

Extensor Digitorum

Longus

lateral condyle of tibia

and superior three fourths

of medial surface of the

fibula and interosseous

membrane

extensor expansion sheath

of dorsal side of toes 2-5


and S1)

anterior tibial artery extends lateral 4 toes and

dorsiflexes the foot

Peroneus Tertius inferior third of anterior



most medial facet on

dorsum of the base of 5th

metatarsal


and S1)

anterior tibial artery dorsiflexes the foot and

aids in eversion of the

foot

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Lateral Leg Musculature


Peroneus Longus head and superior 2/3 of


fibula

lateral side of the base of

the 1st metatarsal and

medial cuneiform

superficial peroneal nerve

(L5, S1, and S2)

peroneal branches of

posterior tibial artery

plantarflex and evert the

foot

Peroneus Brevis inferior 2/3 of lateral

surface of fibula

dorsal surface of

tuberosity on lateral side

of the base of 5th

metatarsal

superficial peroneal nerve

(L5, S1, and S2)

peroneal branches of

posterior tibial artery

plantarflex and evert the

foot

Posterior Leg Musculature Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Gastrocnemius

Lateral Head: lateral

aspect of lateral condyle

and lateral supracondylar

ridge of femur Medial

Head: popliteal surface of

femur superior to medial

condyle

posterior surface of

calcaneus via calcaneal

tendon

tibial nerve (S1 and S2) posterior tibial artery plantarflexes foot, raises

heel during walking,

flexes knee joint

Soleus

superior fourth of

posterior surface of tibia,

posterior aspect of head &

neck of fibula,

interosseous membrane of

inferior margin of soleal

line of tibia



tendon

tibial nerve (S1 and S2) posterior tibial artery plantarflexes foot,

steadies leg on foot

Plantaris inferior end of lateral

supracondylar ridge and

oblique popliteal ligament



tendon

tibial nerve (S1 and S2) posterior tibial artery assists gastrocnemius in

plantarflexing the foot

and flexing the knee joint

Popliteus lateral surface of lateral

condyle of femur and

lateral meniscus

posterior surface of tibia,

superior to soleal line

tibial nerve (L4, L5,and

S1)

posterior tibial artery,

popliteal artery

flexes knee, unlocks

locked knee by rotating

tibia medially on femur,

or laterally on tibia

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Flexor Hallucis Longus inferior 2/3 of posterior


inferior part of


base of distal phalanx of

great toe (hallux)

tibial nerve (S2 and S3) peroneal artery flexes great toe and

plantarflexes foot

Flexor Digitorum

Longus

medial part of posterior

surface of tibia inferior to

soleal line

bases of distal phalanges

of lateral four digits

tibial nerve (S2 and S3) posterior tibial artery flexes lateral four toes

Tibialis Posterior Interosseous membrane,

posteior surface of fibula,

posterior surface of tibia

inferior to soleal line

tuberosity of navicular

bone, cuneiform, cuboid,

and bases of 2-4th

metatarsals

tibial nerve (L4 and L5) posterior tibial artery,

peroneal artery

plantarflexes foot, inverts

foot

Foot Musculature


Abductor Hallucis medial tubercle of

tuberosity of calcaneus,

flexor retinaculum,

plantar aponeurosis

medial side of base of

proximal phalanx on

hallux

medial plantar nerve (S2

and S3)

medial plantar artery abducts and flexes the

great toe

Flexor Digitorum Brevis medial tubercle of

tuberosity of calcaneus,

flexor retinaculum,

intermuscular septa

both sides of middle

phalanges and lateral four

digits


and S3)

medial plantar artery flexes the lateral 4 toes

Abductor Digiti Minimi medial and lateral

tubercle of calcaneus,

plantar aponeurosis,

intermuscular septa

lateral side of base of

proximal phalanx of 5th

digit

lateral plantar nerve (S2

and S3)

lateral plantar artery abducts and flexes small

toe

Quadratus Plantae medial surface and lateral

margin of plantar surface

of calcaneus

posterior margin of

tendon of flexor

digitorum longus


and S3)

lateral plantar artery assists flexor digitorum

longus in flexing the

lateral 4 toes

Lumbricals tendons of flexor

digitorum longus

medial aspect of

expansion over lateral

four digits

medial one: medial

plantar nerve (S2 and S3)

lateral three: lateral


medial and lateral plantar

arteries

flex proximal phalanges

and extend middle and

distal phalanges of lateral

4 toes

Flexor Hallucis Brevis plantar surfaces of cuboid

and lateral cuneiforms

both sides of base of

proximal phalanx of 1st

digit


and S3)

medial plantar artery flexes great toe

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Adductor Hallucis Oblique head: bases of

metatarsals 2-4

Transverse head: plantar

ligaments of

metatarsophalangeal

joints

tendons of both heads

attach to lateral side of

base of proximal phalanx

of 1st digit

deep branch of lateral


lateral plantar artery adducts and flexes great

toe

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Brevis

base of 5th metatarsal

bone

base of proximal phalanx

of 5th digit

superficial branch of


and S3)

lateral plantar artery flexes small toe

Plantar Interossei (3

muscles)

bases and medial sides of

metatarsals 3-5

medial sides of bases of

proximal phalanges of 3-5

digits


and S3)

lateral plantar artery adducts and flexes

metatarsophalangeal joints

Dorsal Interossei (4

muscles)

adjacent sides of

metatarsals of 1-5

first: medial side of

proximal phalanx of 2nd

digit second to fourth:

latreal sides of 2nd to 4th

digits


and S3)

lateral plantar artery abducts toes, flexes

metatarsophalangeal joints

Extensor Digitorum

Brevis

Dorsal surface of neck of

calcaneus bone

toes 2-5 via extensor

expansion sheath, base of

proximal phalanx of

tendons of extensor

digitorum longus

deep peroneal nerve dorsalis pedis artery aids in extending toes 2-5

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Dorsal surface of neck of

calcaneus bone

Base of proximal phalanx

of hallux

Deep peroneal nerve dorsalis pedis artery aids in extending hallux

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Included Content

CSCS Exam Content Outline

Bulleted Summaries of all

Chapters of Essentials of

Strength Training and

Conditioning

Review of Select Resistance

Training Exercises

Tips for Answering Multiple

Choice Questions

Practice Questions and

Answers

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