humanism, renaissance art and architecture

PowerPoint Presentation

Humanism and Art in the Renaissance

Jack Garrity

Book pages 382-387

Humanism presented a new way of thinking, emphasizing the ability of individuals to improve society, based on classical studies.

Artists depicted idealized individuals and balance, Donatello, Leonardo, and Michelangelo creating masterpieces in painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Italian Renaissance HumanismPeople began focus more on humans rather than divine or supernatural matters of medieval scholasticism.

Italian Renaissance HumanismThey started to focus on this life rather than the afterlife.

Italian Renaissance HumanismWe call this new outlook or system of thought humanism.

Italian Renaissance Humanism A revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought accompanied humanism.

Italian Renaissance HumanismHumanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Italian Renaissance HumanismHumanists studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history like the ancient Greeks and Romans. Today these subjects are called the humanities.

Petrarch 1304-1374The father of humanism, Francesco Petrarch started and developed humanism.

Petrarch 1304-1374He built the biggest Latin and Greek library, searching for manuscripts throughout Europe.

Petrarch 1304-1374He revived the use of Roman Latin, studying classical writings like Cicero, Livy, Suetonius.

Petrarch 1304-1374 Petrarch wrote many books himself in Latin, advocating an intellectual life of solitude, the preverbal ivory tower.

15th Century FlorenceThe Florentine humanists disagreed and felt it was humanists duty to be involved in civil life.

15th Century FlorenceAn intellectuals duty was to the state. A study of the humanities should be put to the service of the state.

Vernacular Literature While humanists revived Roman Latin, but many also wrote in the vernacular.

Vernacular Literature Vernacular: the language spoken in their own regions, such as English, Italian, French, or German.

Vernacular Literature Dantes masterpiece in the Italian vernacular (The Divine Comedy) became an international hit.

Vernacular Literature The Divine Comedy is considered the preeminent work of Italian literatureand one of the greatest works of world literature.

Vernacular Literature The Divine Comedy chronicles Dantes adventure to salvation. His soul travels to the 9 levels of Hell, through Purgatory, and finally arrives in Paradise or Heaven.




Vernacular Literature In England, Chaucer helped standardize English vernacular in his famous work The Canterbury Tales.

Vernacular Literature The Canterbury Talesis a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines.

Vernacular Literature The stories are told from the point o view of 29 different pilgrims on their way to Canterbury Cathedral, giving hilarious insights into various classes.

Vernacular Literature In France, Christine de Pizan wrote in the vernacular defending women.

Vernacular Literature A proto feminist, de Pizan s The Book of the City of Ladies rallies against male writers arguing that women, by their very nature, cannot learn and are easily swayed by emotions.

Vernacular Literature Should I also tell you whether a womans nature is clever and quick enough to learn speculative sciences as well as to discover them, and likewise the manual arts. I assure you that women are equally well-suited and skilled to carry them out and to put them to sophisticated use once they have learned them.

Education in the Renaissance As humanists believed education could improve society, they wrote books on education and opened schools.

Education in the Renaissance These schools emphasized the Liberal Arts and physical fitness, as Classical Greece had.

Education in the Renaissance Students studied history, moral philosophy, eloquence (or rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music.

Education in the Renaissance Students studied the classical histories, poetry, in Latin and later Greek.

Education in the Renaissance Students were taught the skills of javelin throwing, archery, and dancing, and they were encouraged to run, wrestle, hunt, and swim.

Education in the Renaissance The humanist model dominated European education until the 20th Century, its main purpose to create well rounded citizens.

Education in the Renaissance Women and most non elite men were not included in the schools.

Education in the Renaissance The rare women students studied mostly religion and morals , to become Christian ladies, good mothers and wives.

The Impact of Printing With the invention of printing press Europeans could share and learn ideas on a large scale for the first time.

The Impact of Printing Johannes Gutenberg of Germanys movable type press is often considered the number one invention of all time.

The Impact of Printing Gutenbergs Bible, printed about 1455, was the first European book produced from movable type.

The Impact of Printing By 1500, there were over a thousand printers in Europe, producing more than forty thousand titles.

The Impact of Printing Printing allowed European civilization to compete for the first time with the civilization of China, who had been printing books for a thousand years.

The Artistic Renaissance in ItalyRenaissance artists emphasized human being the center of all things and wanted to imitate the natural world in their art.

The Artistic Renaissance in ItalyThe Renaissance began in the Republic of Florence, then spread to Italy, Milan, Venice, then across Europe.

The Artistic Renaissance in ItalyIn the 14th Century, Giotto di Bondone is considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Renaissance.

The Artistic Renaissance in Italy Giotto (Florence) was the first artist to draw from human models. According to Vasari "the great art of painting as we know it today, introducing the technique of drawing accurately from life, which had been neglected for more than two hundred years.

Gothic painting

Giotto di Bondone

The Artistic Renaissance in Italy Giottos Last Judgment.

New Techniques in Painting Masaccio (Florence1401-1428) created masterpieces not only in Alfresco, a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints, but by using perspective.

New Techniques in Painting Compared to the flat figures of medieval and byzantine paintings , Masaccios have depth and seemed to come alive.

New Techniques in Painting The Medici family became the primary patrons of artists and architects.

New Techniques in Painting Florentine painters used and developed the new style in two major ways.

New Techniques in Painting Firstly, they used geometry to use better perspective and outdoor space and light.

New Techniques in Painting Secondly, artists studied human motion and anatomy.

New Techniques in Painting Secondly, artists studied human motion and anatomy.

New Techniques in Painting These skills came together to portray idealized individual people.

New Techniques in Painting While Giotto painted traditional Christian themes, Botticelli wove themes from Classical Greece and Rome into his painting, which the humanists so admired.

New Techniques in Painting Botticelli 1445 May 17, 1510





Lorenzo di Medici Botticelli Cosimo di Medici


Sculpture and Architecture Florentine sculptures revolutionized the art as well.

Sculpture and Architecture Florentine sculptures revolutionized the art as well.

Sculpture and Architecture The sculptor Donatello and his life partner Bertoldo studied the classical Roman statues throughout Italy.

Sculpture and Architecture Donatellos David was the first free standing bronze cast since the days of the Roman Empire.

Sculpture and Architecture Donatellos David was the first free standing bronze cast since the days of the Roman Empire.

Sculpture and Architecture Donatello 1386-1466As was his equestrian statue of the Duke of Milan.

Sculpture and Architecture Donatello 1386-1466

Sculpture and Architecture Donatello 1386-1466

Sculpture and Architecture The architect Filippo Brunelleschi was inspired by the buildings of classical Rome to create a new architecture in Florence.

Sculpture and Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi studied the Classical buildings of the Roman Empire.

Ro

Sculpture and Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) his dome in Florence, the first since the days of the Roman Empire.

Sculpture and Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) stressed classical balance in design.

Sculpture and Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)



Sculpture and Architecture The Church of San Lorenzo, commissioned by the Medic, among his masterpieces.

Artist Shops flourishVerrocchio and his partner Lorenzo de Credi produced hundreds of paintings, sculptures, and finely crafted items.

Artist Shops flourishVerrocchios studio produced paintings, sculpture, and all kinds of crafts, they even would decorate a weddings.







Masters of the High Renaissance Three great students of Bertoldo and Verrocchio stand as giants in art history; Leonard, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo grew up in Verrocchio and De Credis collaborative shop, both who soon saw him as a genius.

Leonardos father had kicked him out of the family, most likely for being gay.

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo mastered the art of realistic painting, dissecting human bodies to better see how nature worked.

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo mastered the art of realistic painting, dissecting human bodies to better see how nature worked.

Masters of the High Renaissance He created ideal forms using perspective, light and shadow.

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardos career was cut short in Florence when Fra Bernadido began preaching against the renaissance and sodomites (gays).

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo and his boyfriend Salai traveled throughout Italy..

Portrait of Salai (Gian Giacomo Caprotti) as Saint Sebastian

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo and his boyfriend Salai traveled throughout Italy.

Salai asBacchus

Salai asSt John

Masters of the High Renaissance Eventually settling in Milan.

Masters of the High Renaissance In Milan, he produced his famous Last Supper and began a great equestrian statue of Ludovico il Moro Duke of Milan.

Leonardo briefly returned to Florence as a challenge to settle rivalry with another young artist Michelangelo. Both were to paint opposite walls of the same room.yet politics intervened and neither finished the frescos.

Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo and Sali joined King Francis II of Frances entourage as a military engineer inventor.

Masters of the High Renaissance After the Italian War, Leonardo lived in Paris where he continued making advances in science, mathematics, poetry, and the arts.

Masters of the High Renaissance Upon his death, his Mono Lisa (most likely himself in drag) the one painting he would never be parted with, ended up becoming the seminal piece of the French Kings art collection housed in the Louve.

Masters of the High RenaissanceMichelangelo grew up in the Medici garden, where the aged Bertoldo soon recognized his genius.

Masters of the High RenaissanceMichelangelo sculpted his David for the Republic of Florence, brining him world renown.

Masters of the High RenaissanceMichelangelo brought the high renaissance to Rome, where he completed his Pieta.

Masters of the High RenaissanceIn Rome, a number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence.

Masters of the High RenaissanceIn Rome, a number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence.

Masters of the High RenaissanceIn Rome, the warrior Pope Julius II coerced Michelangelo into painting Pope Sixus Chapel's ceiling.

Masters of the High RenaissanceMany years later, Michelangelo returned to the Sistine Chapel to paint the Last Judgment on the alter wall.

Masters of the High Renaissance Michelangelo included himself in the painting, a slain sodomite soul, as his obsession with young muscular men caused the artists deep depression and repression.

Masters of the High RenaissanceIn Rome, his crowning achievement in architecture was the Dome of Saint Peters and the Colonnade.

Masters of the High RenaissanceHe spent the remainder of his life composing love poetry to his numerous male crushes.

Masters of the High Renaissance By 25, the sensual Don Juan Raphael had became famous throughout Italy for his paintings.

Masters of the High Renaissance Raphaels Madonnas (paintings of the Virgin Mary) achieve an ideal of beauty far surpassing human standards.

Raphael 1483 -1520 He moved to Rome, where he was the favorite painter to the Popes, and antagonized the venerable Michelangelo.

Raphael 1483 -1520 He moved to Rome, where he was the favorite painter to the Popes, and antagonized the venerable Michelangelo.

Raphael 1483 -1520 The young social Raphael found Michelangelo so depressing, Raphael nicknamed Michelangelo the hangman.

Masters of the High Renaissance Raphael 1483 -1520His School of Athens reveals a world of balance, harmony, and orderthe underlying principles of the art of the classical world of Greece and Rome.

Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 c. 1656) painted many pictures of strong and suffering women from myth and the Bible victims, suicides, warriors





The Northern Artistic Renaissance The renaissance quickly spread to the Netherlands along the trade routes from Milan.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance With no space for frescos, northern artists painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altarpieces in Gothic Cathedrals.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance In Flanders, the painter Jan van Eyck used oil paint, which use a wide variety of colors and create fine details.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Jan van Eyck 1390 1441

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Oil paint has a wider variety of colors and creates finer details.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Oil paint has a wider variety of colors and creates finer details.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Van Eyck imitated nature not by using perspective, but by simply observing reality and portraying details as best he could.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Albrecht Drer studied in Florence and combined both schools.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Albrecht Drer (1471 1528) He used Italian perspective and balance, while painting minuet details.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Drer tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty that was based on a careful examination of the human form.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Drer brought detail to famous wood print carvings, producing hundreds of masterpieces.

The Northern Artistic Renaissance Drer brought detail to famous wood print carvings, producing hundreds of masterpieces.

End

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