Humanitarian impact of other situations of violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA)

Honduras, Guatemala and El SalvadorFebruary to April 2014

(Photos from different sources, for internal use only)

BACKGROUND: Impact of OSV critical in the TNCA: NRC requested technical support from

ACAPS (NRC + Save the Children + AAH) 2-person team deployed to Panama and NTCA for three months:

conducting SDR (300+ documents, videos and news) and KI interviews (90+)

OBJECTIVES1. To improve the understanding of the humanitarian impacts of violence on

the lives of the affected population, using a multi-sectoral approach and considering both direct and indirect effects.

2. To identify and propose specific sectoral indicators to measure these impacts (identifying available sources at national or regional level).

3. To provide an analytical framework (for humanitarian actors to decide on the relevance of humanitarian responses ) and to recommend next steps

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

HOMICIDES RATES WORLDWIDE (2012)UNODC: Homicide rate per 100.000 personas (2012)

Honduras

South Sudan* (2013)

El Salvador

Guatemala

Sudafrica

RDC

Rwanda

Congo

RCA

Somalia

Iraq

Mali

Afghanistan

Average worldwide

90.4

60

41.2

39.9

31

28.3

23.1

12.5

11.8

8

8

7.1

6.5

6.2

UNODC: Homicide rate per 100,000 persons (2012)

2013 EPIDEMIC LEVELS OF VIOLENCE IN THE TNCA: 2013: 15,000 Homicides = 41.9 homicides per day

(143,588 homicides reported 2004 to 2013. Population 29.7 million people)

TNCA HOMICIDE TRENDS (2004 - 2013)

OSV CONTEXT: SIMILARITIES WITH ARMED CONFLICT

High levels of violence and criminality, high presence and use of

weapons. Large numbers of injuries caused by firearms (war wounds) Frequent confrontations (among gangs and with the security forces) Physical and sexual abuse, torture, extortion, kidnappings,

disappearances Lack of state rule, high levels of corruption and impunity Curfews (unofficial), invisible borders, movement restrictions,

confinement Areas with no state presence/control Population living in fear of violent death and crime Limited/no access to health and other basic services, protection and

justice Forced recruitment (youth and children) Forced displacement (national and international) High expenditure in security (public and private expenditure) Security big business Access restrictions to assist people in red areas. Loss of public spaces

Humanitarian impact of other situations of violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA)

Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador(ECHO meeting 23/06/14)

(Photos from different sources, for internal use only)

OSV IMPACT: FORCED DISPLACEMENT

Guatemala

El Salvador

Honduras

TOTAL Region

Refugiados y solicitantes de refugio del TNCA (2013)

OSV IMPACT: VULNERABLE GROUPS

• IDPS, refugees and asylum seekers, irregular migrants• Young women vulnerable to abuse (sexual, physical and mental), young man

vulnerable to homicide, (victim and perpetrators• Children , youth (unaccompanied IDPS and irregular migrants)• Older people• LGTBI population• People living with disability, chronically ill • LHH: small traders and business, people working in public transport

Need to profile the different affected population groups to understand their needs better and inform humanitarian actions and response options in the different geographical areas. Work in coordination with development actors

MEASURING THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF OSV: CHALLENGES

Underreporting and finding indicators that measure OSV specific impact (health, displacement, education, etc.

Limitations in access and self-censorship in red areas: Problem and affected population often remain invisible

Lack of evidence to inform humanitarian decisions/responses Lack of coordination and approaches among humanitarian actors

(links with development, academia, governments) Lack of standardised and agreed monitoring systems Lack of standardised indicators and data collection methodology Many sources using different methodology and indicator definitions Limited capacity/willingness to share resources No expertise and OSV monitoring competencies

MEASURING THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT: OSV ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

POPULATION STATUS

HUMANITARIAN ACCESS

RESPONSE CAPACITY

SCOPE OF THE CRISIS AND

HUMANITARIAN PROFILE

Drivers of the crisis (contributing factors)

Population access to assistance

(Limited services available, erosion of social networks, self-censorship, etc)

National Government response

At national, provincial and municipal level. Presence and

security forces in some of the red areas

Crisis classification

Pre-existing vulnerabilities

Access of humanitarian actors to the population

(Reduced humanitarian space, invisible borders, negotiating access and security,

etc.)

Identification and ranking of affected geographical areas

Impacts (direct and indirect across sectors)

- Health - Forced displacement), asylum

seekers, refugees and migrants - Education - Livelihoods - Protection

National non-governmental response

Red Cross, NGOs, civil society, the church, private sector, etc.

Identification and

ranking of the vulnerable affected

population

Security

Risks and threats to people, goods and infrastructures, security plans, use of armed escorts (private or state), etc.

Crisis trends and evolution

(scenarios)

Affected population coping strategies

International response

International humanitarian organizations, donors, private

sector, etc.

Information gaps Magnitude of

affected population and

vulnerable groups

Intensity and severity of the situation/conditions

Logistic considerations

(Infrastructures, resources, access, etc.)

Generate and use evidence to:1. Advocate and increase awareness of OSV humanitarian needs2. Inform humanitarian response and coordination3. Action generating new evidence

Increase awareness of the situation

Humanitarian needs

response

Evidence

Advocacy

NEXT STEPS: