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HUMIC ACID

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

SUPPLEMENT I

Laub BioChemicals Corporation 1401 Quail St., Suite 121

Newport Beach, CA 92660

July 1999

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FRONTISPIECE: Computer graphics representation of human rhinovirus 14(“common cold” virus), highlighting topographic details of the surface. Antibodybinding sites are shown in magenta, and appear in more exposed (white or blue-green) areas atop “domes” and “ridges”.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reviews and Monographs ................................................... 1

Natural-Product Humic Acid ........................................ 2

Commercial Preparations ............................................................................. 3Isolation and Preparation Procedures ....................................................... 7

Synthetic Humic Acid .............................................................. 14

Chemical Synthesis ........................................................................................ 14Comparison with Commercial and Natural-Product Humic Acid . 15Reaction Mechanisms .............................................................................. 16

Microbial Synthesis ........................................................................................ 16Comparison with Commercial and Natural-Product Humic Acid . 16

Physicochemical Properties andCharacterization ............................................................................. 18

Acid-Base Properties ..................................................................................... 18Amino Acid Content ....................................................................................... 19Ash Content ..................................................................................................... 19Atomic Emission Spectroscopy .................................................................... 19Atomic Force Microscopy ............................................................................... 19Bulk Density .................................................................................................... 20Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) ................................................................... 20Carboxyl Content ............................................................................................ 21Centrifugation (for Molecular Weight) ....................................................... 21Charge/Size Distribution Ratio ................................................................... 21Coagulation Threshold .................................................................................. 22Complexation ................................................................................................... 22

with Metals ................................................................................................ 23Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) ................................................. 29Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) ........................................................ 29Diffusion Coefficients ..................................................................................... 30Electrochemistry ............................................................................................. 30Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) ........................ 31Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) ........................... 31

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Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) ......................................... 31Elemental Composition ................................................................................ 31Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) ........................... 33Fluorescence Spectroscopy ............................................................................ 33Fractionation ................................................................................................ 34Gas Chromatography (GC) ........................................................................... 35Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) .............................. 36Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) ................................................... 37High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) .............................. 38Immobilization, on Substrates .................................................................... 39Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) ............................................................................ 39Luminescence ................................................................................................... 41Mass Spectrometry (MS) ............................................................................... 41Maximum Quantum Spectroscopy (MAXY) .............................................. 42Methylene Blue Activity ................................................................................ 42Moisture Content ............................................................................................ 42Molecular Weight ............................................................................................ 42Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) ................................. 42Octanol/Water Partitioning .......................................................................... 44Partial Specific Volume ................................................................................. 45Phenolic Content ............................................................................................. 45Phosphorescence Spectroscopy ..................................................................... 45Phosphorus Content ....................................................................................... 45Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ................................................................ 46Polyacrylamide-Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) ........................................... 46Pyrolysis ............................................................................................................ 46Raman Spectroscopy ...................................................................................... 47Reactivity .......................................................................................................... 47Solubility .......................................................................................................... 48Structure and Morphology.............................................................................. 48

by Chemical Methods ............................................................................... 48by Pyrolytic Techniques ........................................................................... 49Models of ..................................................................................................... 49of Solutions ................................................................................................. 50

Surface Area ..................................................................................................... 50

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Surface Tension, of Solutions ....................................................................... 50Ultrafiltration ................................................................................................ 50Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) ............................................... 51Viscometry ...................................................................................................... 51

Physiology and Physiological Effects ................ 52

Binding of, to Cell Walls ............................................................................... 52Biological Activity ........................................................................................... 52Free Radical Generation by .......................................................................... 52Inhibition of Phosphatase Activity ............................................................. 52on Articular Chondrocytes (Rabbit) ............................................................ 52on Hematopoiesis ........................................................................................... 53on Lipid Peroxidation ..................................................................................... 53on Lipids (Blood Serum) ................................................................................ 53on Liver Function ............................................................................................ 53on Mammalian Cell Proliferation ............................................................... 53on Peroxisome Proliferation ......................................................................... 53on Phagocyte Activity ..................................................................................... 54on Thrombomodulin Cofactor Activity ....................................................... 54Pharmacokinetics ........................................................................................... 54Toxicology .......................................................................................................... 54

of Brominated ............................................................................................ 54of Chlorinated ............................................................................................ 54

Commercial Applications .................................................... 55

as Accelerator, in Biological Fermentation ............................................... 55as Adhesive Additive ..................................................................................... 55as Adsorbent, for Metals ............................................................................... 55as Animal Feed Additive .............................................................................. 55as Binder Agent ............................................................................................... 56

for Coal Briquets ....................................................................................... 56for Oils ......................................................................................................... 56

as Cement/Concrete Mixture Additive ....................................................... 56as Coal-Water Slurry Enhancer/Stabilizer ............................................... 57as Culture Medium Additive ........................................................................ 58as Deodorant, for Liquids .............................................................................. 58

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as Drilling Mud Additive ............................................................................... 58as Electrode Constituent .............................................................................. 59as Fertilizer ...................................................................................................... 59as Foundry Sand-Mold Additive .................................................................. 61as Fuel-Water Emulsifying Agent .............................................................. 61as Ink Additive ................................................................................................ 61as Plastics Additive ....................................................................................... 61as Resin Additive ............................................................................................ 61as Well-Drilling Leakage Inhibitor Additive ............................................ 61for Clarification of Wine, Musts, and Saps ............................................... 62for Decoloration, of Oils, Fats, and Waxes ................................................ 62for Dehydration of Viscous Fluids ............................................................... 62for Inhibition of Scale Formation ................................................................ 62for Purification, of Oils, Fats, and Waxes .................................................. 62for Regeneration of Dry-Cleaning Solvents ............................................... 62for Separation, of Oils, Fats, and Waxes ................................................... 63for Stabilization .............................................................................................. 63

of Beer .......................................................................................................... 63of Oils, Fats, and Waxes .......................................................................... 63

for Suppression of Incinerator Emissions ................................................. 63for Wastewater and Waste Products Treatment ..................................... 63for Water Purification .................................................................................... 64in Agriculture ................................................................................................... 64

as Paper Mulch Sheet Additive ............................................................. 65as Plant Protectant .................................................................................. 65as Plant-Growth Stimulant .................................................................... 65as Soil Amendment .................................................................................. 66for Prevention of Rind Puffing, in Citrus ............................................. 67

in Dye Manufacturing ..................................................................................... 67in Folklore and Medicine ............................................................................... 67in Foodstuffs .................................................................................................... 67in Liquid Developers for Electrophotography ........................................... 67in Packaging Materials .................................................................................. 67in Silicon Carbide Ceramics ......................................................................... 68in Soil Remediation ........................................................................................ 68

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Therapeutic Applications ................................................... 69

Anti-Microbial Properties ............................................................................. 69Patents on ................................................................................................... 69Bacillus subtillis ........................................................................................ 69Microcystis aeruginosa .............................................................................. 69

Anti-Mutagenic Properties ........................................................................... 69Anti-Viral Properties ..................................................................................... 70

Patents on ................................................................................................... 70Hepatitis ..................................................................................................... 70Influenza A (Hong Kong/68; England/72) and B (Singapore/79) .... 70

Mechanisms of Drug Action .............................................................. 70for Hepatic Function ....................................................................................... 70for Willebrand Disease .................................................................................. 71

Author Index ......................................................................................... 72

HUMATE MATERIALS

Natural and Synthetic:Bibliography and References

Supplement I

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Reviews and Monographs

(1253) R. L. Tate III. Humic acid: a continuing story. Soil Sci. 1998, 163(12),919-920.

(1254) B. M. Voelker. The multiple personalities of humic acid, or, whyenvironmental chemists study compounds you cannot buy or synthesize.In Book of Abstracts, 216th ACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.:American Chemical Society, 1998; SOCED-007.

(1542) D. W. Robinson and J. G. D. Lamb, Eds., Peat in Horticulture; London:Academic, 1975.

(1543) C. H. Fuchsman, Peat: Industrial Chemistry and Technology; New York:Academic, 1980.

(1544) W. Ziechmann, Humic Substances; Mannheim, Germany:Wissenschaftsverlag, 1994.

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Natural-Product Humic Acid

(1255) P. Burba. Analysis of aquatic humic substances and their interaction withenvironmental pollutants. Nachr. Chem., Tech. Lab. 1998, 46(4), 426-430.

(1256) G. A. Makharadze, N. Goliadze, G. Sidamonidze, I. Nakaidze, and T.Khoperia. Humic acids in solid phase of surface waters and their physico-chemical characterization. Izv. Akad. Nauk Gruz., Ser. Khim. 1998, 24(1-4), 30-33.

(1257) K. Schmeide, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H. Nitsche. Isolationand characterization of aquatic humic substances from bog water.Forshungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 34-36.

(1258) D. C. Olk, K. G. Cassman, N. Mahieu, and E. W. Randall. Conservedchemical properties of young humic acid fractions in tropical lowland soilunder intensive irrigated rice cropping. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 1998, 49(2), 337-349.

(1259) M. Klavins. Humic substances in surface waters of Latvia. Crit. Rev. Anal.Chem. 1998, 28(2), 107-112.

(1260) D. Martin, P. C. Srivastava, D. Ghosh, and W. Zech. Characteristics ofhumic substances in cultivated and natural forest soils of Sikkim.Geoderma 1998, 84(4), 345-362.

(1261) P. J. A. Howard, D. M. Howard, and L. E. Lowe. Effects of tree species andsoil physico-chemical conditions on the nature of soil organic matter. SoilBiol. Biochem. 1998, 30(3), 285-297.

(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics of humicacids of some Venezuelan soils. Geoderma 1998, 81(3-4), 227-239.

(1263) L. Grasset, V. Gobe, L. Lemee, and A. Ambles. Complex organic matterpresent in soil structure and origin. Mineral. Mag. 1998, 62A(Pt. 1), 535-536.

(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristics ofSapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.

(1296) C. Pastorelli, L. Formaro, G. Ricca, and F. Severini. Electrochemicalbehavior of the humic acid from leonardite. Colloids Surf., B 1999, 13(3),127-134.

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(1405) V. D. Tikhova, M. M. Shakirov, V. P. Fadeeva, and M. I. Dergacheva.Characterization of soil humic acids on the basis of thermal analysis and13C NMR spectroscopy. Zh. Prikl. Khim. (St.-Peterburg) 1998, 71(7), 1173-1176.

(1431) V. I. Esteves and A. C. Duarte. Thermogravimetric properties of aquatichumic substances. Mar. Chem. 1999, 63(3-4), 225-233.

(1519) W.-H. Wang, C. M. Bray, and M. N. Jones. The fate of 14C-labeled humicsubstances in rice cells in culture. J. Plant Physiol. 1999, 154(2), 203-211.

(1528) R. Dunkel, H. Knauf, M. Kuehnert, and R. Nessensohn. Lignocellulosicproducts from humic substance containing natural materials. DE19,650,317 (June 10, 1998).

Commercial Preparations(1192) Ag Concepts Corp. (Boise, ID): www.agconcepts.com.

(1245) Agriglobal (Seattle, WA): www.agriglobal.com/.

(1174) Agri-Nutrients (Port of Catoosa, OK): (800) 274-7795.

(1175) Agri-Products, Inc. (Dillsburg, PA): (800) 233-0138.

(1176) Agronics, Inc. (Albuquerque, NM):www.agronicsinc.com/.

(1177) AGRO-K Corp. (Minneapolis, MN): (612) 781-3867.

(1178) Agro Solutions (Toma, IA): (515) 484-5082.

(1179) All American Organics (Rochester, MN):(800) 433-6805.

(1180) American Agriculture (Portland, OR):www.americanag.com.

(1181) American Agritech (Tempe, AZ):www.americanagritech.com/amag/index.html .

(1182) American Kelp Corp. (San Diego, CA): (800) 757-0727.

(1183) ARBICO (Arizona Biological Control) (Tucson, AZ):www.biconet.com/ARBICO.html.

(1246) ARCTECH, Inc. (Chantilly, VA): www.arctech.com/.

(1247) Australian Humates (Australia):www.novaco.com.au/humates/index/htm.

(1248) Autrusa CMD Group (Blue Bell, PA):www.autrusa.com/.

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(1184) AZ-ZEE S.A., International (San Diego, CA): (800) 775-6123.

(1173) Beautiful Land Products, Inc. (West Branch, IA):user.aol.com/bealanprod/.

(1186) Bio-Ag Services, Inc. (Fresno, CA):www.bio-agservices.com/.

(1249) Biolchim (Italy): www.biolchim.it/.

(1185) Cairn Tech (Canada): www.cairntech.com/.

(1187) California Organic Fertilizers, Inc. (Fresno, CA): (800) 269-5690; (209) 443-5690.

(1188) Canton Mills, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN): (800) 328-5349.

(1189) Captain Bill’s (West Bath, ME):www.seedlings.com/fertilizer/contactus.html.

(1190) Chappy’s Power Organics (Camarillo, CA):www.bio-organics.com/Chappy’s.html.

(1191) Circle One International, Inc. (Brooksville, FL):www.circle-one.com/.

(1193) Concentrates, Inc. (Portland, OR): (503) 234-7501.

(1194) Conservation Gardening and Farming (San Diego, CA): (619)566-8994.

(1162) Cosmocel, S.A. (Mexico):www.cosmos.com.mx/chem/cosmocel/.

(1195) Crop Production Services (South Deerfield, MA): (413) 665-2115.

(1250) Customer Satisfaction Systems, Inc. (New Port Richey, FL):www.cropmaster.com/.

(1165) Dally Industrial Co., Ltd. (People’s Republic ofChina): www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/cecilian/786/humic.html.

(1196) Down to Earth Distributors (Eugene, OR): (800) 234-5932.

(1198) Earthgreen Products, Inc. (Dallas, TX):www.earthgreen.com.

(1200) Farmers Mfg. Co., Inc. (Dorsey, IL): (888) 377-6237.

(1201) Farmgard Products, Inc. (Glencoe, MN): (800) 635-4897.

(1159) Faust Bio-Agricultural Services, Inc. (Honaunau, HI):www.humic.com.

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(1202) Fertrell Co. (Bainbridge, PA): www.fertrell.com/.

(1203) Gardener’s Supply Co. (Burlington, VT):www.gardeners.com.

(1204) Gardens Alive! (Lawrenceburg, IN): (812) 537-8651.

1205) Genesis Organic, Inc. (Canada): www.genesis.ca/.

(1206) God’s Green Earth (Grapeland, TX): (409) 687-4478.

(1252) Green Touch Fertilizer Co., Inc. (El Centro, CA):www/abatti.com/greentouch/.

(1163) Greener Pastures (St. Paul, MN):www.greenerpast.com/.

(1207) Greenfire, Inc. (Chico, CA): (916) 895-8301.

(1251) Greensmiths, Inc. (Frisco, TX): www.greensmiths.com/.

(1169) Grigg Bros., Inc. (Albion, ID): www.bioturfgro.com/.

(1208) Growing Solutions, Inc. (Eugene, OR):www.growingsolutions.com/.

(1210) Harmony Farm Supply & Nursery (Graton, CA):www.harmonyfarm.com/.

(1211) Hartz Promin Co. (Marshallville, OH): (330) 855-5746.

(1161) Horizon Ag-Products (Kennewick, WA):www.horizonag.com/.

(1167) HRL Technology Pty. Ltd. (Australia):www.hrl.com.au.

(1170) HumaTech, Inc. (Houston, TX):www.humatech-inc.com/.

(1212) Humus Products of America (Richmond, TX): (800) 228-4322.

(1213) Hyer Humates (Madera, CA): (209) 674-7645.

(1214) I.F.M. (Integrated Fertility Management) (Wenatchee, WA):(800) 332-3179.

(1160) International Humic Substances Society (Georgia Institute ofTechnology, Athens, GA):www.ihss.gatech.edu/info.html.

(1168) Itasca Greenhouse (Cohasset, MN):www.pconline.com/~itascagh/.

(1215) J&G Agrow-Tek (Rancho Cordova, CA): (916) 635-9277.

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(1216) JH Biotech, Inc. (Ventura, CA): www.jhbiotech.com/.

(1223) Kosgro (Caldwell, ID): www.kozgro.com/.

(1218) LidoChem, Inc. (Hazlet, NJ):www.horticulture.com/lidochem/.

(1217) Live Earth Products/Raw Earth (Emery, UT): (800) 863-1814.

(1219) Master Gardener Answer (Martinez, CA):www.tmganswer.com/.

(1220) Menefee Mining Corp. (Cuba, NM): (505) 289-0259.

(1221) Midwestern Bio-Ag (Highway, ID):www.midwesternbioag.com/.

(1222) Natural Organic Products, International (Mount Dora, FL):www.nopi-inc.com/contact.html.

(1166) Nature’s Technology, Inc. (Pilot Point, TX):www.superbio.com/.

(1224) Nature’s Way, Inc. (Horton, KS): (913) 486-3302.

(1225) Nitron Industries, Inc. (Fayetteville, AR):www.nitron.com/.

(1226) No-Chem (Poseyville, IN):www.forages.css.orst.edu/Resources/Vendors/Fertilizer.No-chem/index.html.

(1227) North Country Organics (Bradford, VT):www.norganics.com/.

(1228) North Pacific Trading (Portland, OR): (800) 461-3477.

(1229) Ohio Earth Food, Inc. (Hartville, OH): (330) 877-9356.

(1230) Organic Growers Supply (Waterville, ME): (207) 873-7333.

(1171) Parsn Laboratories (PVT) Ltd. (India):www.indozone.com/fertilade/index.html .

(1231) Peaceful Valley Farm Supply (Grass Valley, CA):www.groworganic.com/.

(1232) Planet Natural (Bozeman, MT):www.planetnatural.com/.

(1244) Plant-Wise Biostimulant Co. (Louisville, KY):www.plant-wise.com/.

(1233) Pure Food Hydroponics (Mountain View, CA):www.purefood.com/.

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(1234) Pursell Technologies, Inc. (Sylacauga, AL):www.polyon.com.

(1235) Ridson Farms (New Waterford, OH): (800) 289-3636.

(1236) RPI/Bio Gro (Irvine, CA): (949) 476-4080.

(1237) San Jacinto Environmental Supplies (Houston, TX): (800)444-1290.

(1238) Snow Pond Farm Supply (Belgrade, ME): (800) 768-9998.

(1239) Soil Technologies Corp. (Fairfield, IA):www.lisco.com/soiltech/index.html .

(1209) Special Nutrients, Inc. (Miami, FL):www.specialnutrients.com/.

(1172) Sundine Enterprises, Inc. (Arvada, CO):www.gardenweb.com/isolite/contact.html.

(1170) Tainio Technology & Techniques, Inc. (Cheney, WA):www.tainio.com/.

(1199) Technaflora Plant Products, Ltd. (Canada):www.technaflora.bc.ca.

(1164) U-Mate International, Inc. (Scottsdale, AZ):www.humate.com/.

(1240) U.S. Soil, Inc. (Salida, CO): www.planters2.com/.

(1241) Verdant Brands (Bloomington, MN):www.verdantbrands.com/.

(1242) Westbridge Ag Products (Vista, CA): (800) 876-2767.

(1243) Worm’s Way (Bloomington, IN): www.wormsway.com/.

(1513) C. E. Clapp, R. Liu, V. W. Cline, Y. Chen, and M. H. B. Hayes.Humic substances for enhancing turfgrass growth. Spec.Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 227-233.

(1516) C. Liu, R. J. Cooper, and D. C. Bowman. Humic acidapplication affects photosynthesis, root development, andnutrient content of creeping bentgrass. HortScience 1998,33(6), 1023-1025.

Isolation and Preparation Procedures(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi.

Characteristics of Sapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu KankyoGakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.

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(1265) J. Peuravuori and K. Pihlaja. Multimethod characterizationof lake aquatic humic matter isolated with sorbing solid andtangential membrane filtration. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998,364(1-3), 203-221.

(1266) K. Schmeide, K.-H. Heise, and H. Nitsche. Testing ofdifferent resins for isolating aquatic humic substances.Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 36-38.

(1267) V. H. Conzonno and A. Fernandez Cirelli. Isolation andpurification of fulvic acids from a Pampasic pond. Fresenius’Environ. Bull. 1998, 7(1/2), 091-095.

(1268) V. B. Katalin, H. Laszlo, P. Matyas, and K. Zoltan. Isolationtechniques for examination of dissolved humic substances.Hidrol. Kozl. 1998, 78(5-6), 383-384.

(1269) B. Chefetz, J. Tarchitzky, N. Benny, P. G. Hatcher, J.Bortiatynski, and Y. Chen. Characterization and propertiesof humic substances originating from an activated sludgewastewater treatment plant. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998,228(Humic Substances), 69-78.

(1270) V. Miikki, K. Hanninen, J. Knuutinen, and J. Hyotylainen.Pyrolysis of humic acids from digested and composted sewagesludge. Chemosphere 1998(Volume Date 1999), 38(2), 247-253.

(1271) R. J. Willey, A. Radwan, M. E. Vozzella, A. Fataftah, G.Davies, and E. A. Ghabbour. Humic acid gel drying withsupercritical carbon dioxide. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1998, 225,30-35.

(1272) T. G. Shendrik. Microelements in wastes of humic acidsproduction. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposiumon Environmental Issues of Energy Mineral Production WasteManagement; A. G. Pasamehmetoglu and A. Ozgenoglu, Eds.;Rotterdam, Netherlands: Balkema, 1998; 723-726.

(1273) X. Wang and Y. Zhang. Variations and properties of soilhumic acid fractions under different fertilization conditions.Turang Xuebao 1998, 35(3), 404-411.

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(1274) K. Schmeide, H. Zaenker, K.-H. Heise, and H. Nitsche.Isolation and characterization of aquatic humic substancesfrom the bog “Kleiner Kranichsee”. Wiss. Ber.–Forschungszent.Karlsruhe 1998, FZKA 6124(Effects of Humic Substances onthe Migration of Radionuclides: Complexation and Transportof Actinides), 161-195.

(1275) M. V. Dite and N. N. Bambalov. Coagulation threshold ofhumic acids isolated from peat by different extractants.Vestsi Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi, Ser. Khim. Navuk 1998,(1), 83-84.

(1276) E. Lichtfouse, C. Leblond, M. Da Silva, and F. Behar.Occurrence of biomarkers and straight-chain biopolymers inhumin. Implication for the origin of soil organic matter.Naturwissenschaften 1998, 85(10), 497-501.

(1277) O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, V. Tugnoli, S. Sanchez-Cortes, andC. Gessa. Spectroscopic characterization of pyrophosphateincorporation during extraction of peat humic acids. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J. 1998, 62(1), 181-187.

(1278) A. Henrique Rosa, J. C. Rocha, M. Furlan, and L. F. Zara EAdemir Dos Santos. Oxidation of humic substances of peatduring alkaline extraction. Infrared and visible spectroscopicstudy. An. Assoc. Bras. Quim. 1998, 47(1), 25-28.

(1279) W. J. Detroit, S. E. Lebo, Jr., and L. L. Bushar. Production ofacid soluble humates. EP 786,490 (July 30, 1997).

(1280) Z. Cai, J. Fan, Q. Wang, H. Fang, H. Sun, D. Duan, and Z. Zhu.Process for producing humates. CN 1,171,409 (January 28,1998).

(1281) I. J. Cronje. Process for the oxidation of fine coal. EP298,710 (September 21, 1994).

(1282) S. C. Khungar. Conversion of lignite into useful products.Fert. News 1998, 43(12), 67-70,75.

(1283) L. V. Pashchenko, T. G. Shendrik, and V. I. Saranchuk. Thegasification of waste after production of humic acids fromlow-grade coals. In Proceedings of the 5th InternationalSymposium on Environmental Issues of Energy MineralProduction Waste Management; A. G. Pasamehmetoglu and A.Ozgenoglu, Eds.; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Balkema, 1998;589-592.

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(1284) L. Butuzova, A. Krzton, and O. Bazarova. Structure andproperties of humic acid obtained from thermo-oxidizedbrown coal. Fuel 1998, 77(6), 581-584.

(1285) K. C. Srivastava and D. S. Walia. Biological production ofhumic acid and clean fuels from coal. US 5,854,032(December 29, 1998).

(1294) S. B. Ceppi, M. I. Velasco, and Y. C. P. De Pauli. Acid-basecharacteristics and development of surface charges of humicacids: differential scanning potentiometry. Bol. Soc. Chil.Quim. 1998, 43(2), 155-167.

(1295) A. Falzoni, R. Seeber, D. Tonelli, C. Ciavatta, C. Gessa, andD. Montecchio. Dependence on molecular weight of acid-baseproperties of humic and fulvic acids. Analusis 1998, 26(5),214-219.

(1303) L. Shirshova and R. Osterberg. Electrophoresis of podzol soilhumic acids. Environ. Int. 1998, 24(5/6), 625-628.

(1314) Z. Yu, W. Wang, and A. Peng. Adsorption of chlorophenols onhumic acid. Huanjing Huaxue 1998, 17(5), 480-484.

(1317) P. Lubal, D. Siroky, D. Fetsch, and J. Havel. The acidobasicand complexation properties of humic acids study ofcomplexation of Czech humic acids with metal ions. Talanta1998, 47(2), 401-412.

(1326) J. J. Alberts and Z. Filip. Metal binding in estuarine humicand fulvic acids: FTIR analysis of humic acid-metalcomplexes. Environ. Technol. 1998, 19(9), 923-931.

(1329) H. Takesako and T. Takahashi. Metal-complexing ability offulvic acids in various soil types. Meiji Daigaku NogakubuKenkyu Hokoku 1999, 117, 21-40.

(1330) A.-C Geng, S. Zhang, and H. Hoiland. Binding capacity andstability of humic acid with rare earth elements in solution.Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue 1998, 18(1), 52-56.

(1332) L. Kolar and R. Ledvina. Chemisorption of cadmium in soilwith a sorbent based on humic acids. Sb.-Jihoceska Univ.,Zemed. Fak. Ceske Budejovice, Fytotech. Rada 1998, 15(1), 99-109.

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(1334) D. S. Orlov, V. V. Demin, and A. G. Zavarzina. Interactionbetween humic acids and heavy metals. Dokl. Akad. Nauk1998, 362(3), 402-403.

(1336) L. Shifang and T. Zuyi. Complexation of cadmium(II) andcopper(II) ions by red earth humic acid and fulvic acid.Calculations of stability constants from gel permeationchromatography. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 1998, 65(1-4), 103-111.

(1345) L. Leita, M. De Nobili, L. Catalano, and A. Mori. Formationand voltammetric characterization of iron-humate complexesof different molecular weight. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem.1998, 228(Humic Substances), 165-171.

(1346) J. Dolins, W. J. Chardon, and J. Japenga. Associationbetween colloidal iron, aluminum, phosphorus, and humicacids. Soil Sci. 1999, 164(3), 171-179.

(1354) A. A. Helal, D. M. Imam, and H. F. Ali. Interaction of Cs+,Sr2+, and Gd3+ with humin. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998,237(1-2), 7-10.

(1358) A. A. Helal and H. F. Ali. Interaction of americium with LakeQuarun humic acid. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 1998, 2(2), 145-159.

(1363) C. Marquardt and J. I. Kim. Complexation of Np(V) withfulvic acid. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 81(3), 143-148.

(1364) C. Marquardt and J. I. Kim. Complexation of Np(V) withhumic acids. Intercomparison of results from differentlaboratories. Wiss. Ber.–Forschungszent. Karlsruhe 1998,FZKA 6124(Effects of Humic Substances on the Migration ofRadionuclides: Complexation and Transport of Actinides), 43,45-67.

(1365) C. Marquardt and J. I. Kim. Complexation of Np(V) withhumic acid. Intercomparison of results from differentlaboratories. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 80(3), 129-137.

(1366) S. Pompe, A. Brachmann, M. Bubner, G. Geipel, K.-H. Heise,G. Bernhard, and H. Nitsche. Determination and comparisonof uranyl complexation constants with natural and modelhumic acids. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 89-95.

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(1367) M. A. Denecke, T. Reich, S. Pompe, M. Bubner, K.-H. Heise, H.Nitsche, P. G. Allen, J. J. Buchner, N. M. Edelstein, D. K.Shuh, and K. R. Czerwinski. EXAFS investigations of theinteraction of humic acids and model compounds with uranylcations in solid complexes. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 103-108.

(1369) Z. Yu, W. Wang, and A. Peng. Characterization andphotoreaction of humic substances from sediments inBaiyangdian. Huanjing Kexue Xuebao 1998, 18(2), 212-215.

(1378) M. Kawahigashi and N. Fujitake. Surface-active properties ofparticle size fractions in two humic acids. Soil Sci. PlantNutr. (Tokyo) 1998, 44(4), 497-505.

(1379) D. P. Dick, J. Gomes, and P. B. Rosinha. Characterization ofhumic substances extracted from soils and organic sludge.Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo 1998, 22(4), 603-611.

(1380) C. Rivero, J. Paolini, N. Senesi, and V. D’Orazio. Chemicaland spectroscopic characterization of humic acids from a soiltoposequence in Venezuela. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.1998, 29(19 & 20), 2893-2904.

(1402) V. M. Mazhul’, L. S. Ivashkevich, D. G. Shcherbin, N. A.Pavlovskaya, G. V. Naumova, and T. F. Ovchinnikova.Luminescence properties of humic substances. Zh. Prikl.Spektrosk. (Engl. Ed.) 1998, 64(4), 503-508.

(1406) R. L. Wershaw and K. R. Kennedy. Use of 13C NMR and FTIRfor elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litterdecomposition and composting. IV. Characterization ofhumic and fulvic acids extracted from senescent leaves. Spec.Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 61-68.

(1409) M. I. Makarov. Study of phosphorus status in humic acids ofmountain-meadow and loggy alpine soils using the 31Pnuclear magnetic resonance technique. Vestn. Mosk. Univ.,Ser. 17: Pochvoved. 1998, (1), 27-32.

(1412) L. Grasset and A. Ambles. Structure of humin and humicacid from an acid soil as revealed by phase transfer catalyzedhydrolysis. Org. Geochem. 1998, 29(4), 881-891.

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(1421) S. Sanchez-Cortes, O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, J. V. Garcia-Ramos, and C. Gessa. pH-Dependent adsorption offractionated peat humic substances on different silvercolloids studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J.Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 198(2), 308-318.

(1469) S. E. Lebo, Jr., K. R. Wirtz, and S. L. Dickman. Production ofoxidized humic acids by an oxygen-alkali process. EP786,491 (July 30, 1997).

(1499) A. I. Shulgin, A. A. Shapovalov, and J. G. Putsykin. Humicconcentrate and method and apparatus for using it in waterpurification, dehydration of viscous fluids, treatment of toxicorganic wastes, and utilization of resulting wastewatersludges. WO 9,830,076 (July 16, 1998).

(1512) F. Adani, P. Genevini, P. Zaccheo, and G. Zocchi. The effect ofcommercial humic acid on tomato plant growth and mineralnutrition. J. Plant Nutr. 1998, 21(3), 561-575.

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Synthetic Humic Acid

(1513) C. E. Clapp, R. Liu, V. W. Cline, Y. Chen, and M. H. B. Hayes. Humicsubstances for enhancing turfgrass growth. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem.1998, 228(Humic Substances), 227-233.

Chemical Synthesis(1286) M. Bubner, S. Pompe, R. Jander, G. Schuster, K.-H. Heise, and H.

Nitsche. Synthesis of solid iron and uranyl complexes with natural andsynthetic humic acids. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998,FZR-218, 44-46.

(1287) G. Schuster, M. Bubner, R. Jander, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise, and H.Nitsche. Thermal analysis of iron and uranyl complexes with naturaland synthetic humic acids. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR1998, FZR-218, 54-55.

(1288) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials andmedicaments based thereon. WO 9,834,629 (August 13, 1998).

(1291) S. Pompe, M. Bubner, R. Jander, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H.Nitsche. Defined model substances for humic acids. Part 1. Synthesisand characterization of nitrogen-free humic acids. Forschungszent.Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 29-30.

(1289) S. Pompe, M. Bubner, R. Jander, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H.Nitsche. Defined model substances for humic acids. Part 2. Synthesisand characterization of a synthetic humic acid with blocked phenolichydroxyl groups. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 30-32.

(1290) F. Cataldo. On the structure of macromolecules obtained by oxidativepolymerization of polyhydroxyphenols and quinones. Polym. Int. 1998,46(4), 263-268.

(1292) F. Vogel. Wet oxidation of phenol with oxygen under mild conditions.Fortschr.-Ber. VDI, Reihe 3 1998, 533, i-xxii, 1-239.

(1366) S. Pompe, A. Brachmann, M. Bubner, G. Geipel, K.-H. Heise, G.Bernhard, and H. Nitsche. Determination and comparison of uranylcomplexation constants with natural and model humic acids.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 89-95.

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(1367) M. A. Denecke, T. Reich, S. Pompe, M. Bubner, K.-H. Heise, H. Nitsche,P. G. Allen, J. J. Buchner, N. M. Edelstein, D. K. Shuh, and K. R.Czerwinski. EXAFS investigations of the interaction of humic acidsand model compounds with uranyl cations in solid complexes.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 103-108.

(1413) C. Saiz-Jimenez, O. E. Trubetskaya, O. A. Trubetskoj, and B.Hermosin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soil humic acids,lignins, model phenolic polymers, and fungal melanins. Commun. SoilSci. Plant Anal. 1999, 30(3 & 4), 345-352.

(1442) H.-L. Yang, Y.-C. Hseu, F.-J. Lu, and H.-D. Tsai. Humic acid reducesprotein-C-activating cofactor activity of thrombomodulin of humanumbilical vein endothelial cells. Br. J. Haematol. 1998, 101(1), 16-23.

(1463) X. Pan, F. Zeng, and X. Fu. Research on the relationship between humicsubstance grades and their ability as coal water mixture additives.Part II. Relationship between stability and grades. Meitan Zhuanhua1999, 22(1), 43-46.

(1545) D. J. Hassett, M. S. Bisesi, and R. Hartenstein. Humic acids:synthesis, properties and assimilation of yeast biomass. Soil Biol.Biochem. 1988, 20(2), 227-231.

(1546) H. Shindo and P. M. Huang. Catalytic effects of manganese(IV),iron(III), aluminum, and silicon oxides on the formation of phenolicpolymers. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1984, 48, 927-934.

(1547) H. Shindo and P. M. Huang. Catalytic polymerization of hydroquinoneby primary minerals. Soil Sci. 1985, 139(6), 505-511.

(1548) H. Shindo. Catalytic effect of volcanic ash on the formation of humicpolymers in ando soils. Sci. Tot. Environ. 1992, 117/118, 93-101.

Comparison with Commercial and Natural-ProductHumic Acid

(1291) S. Pompe, M. Bubner, R. Jander, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, andH. Nitsche. Defined model substances for humic acids. Part1. Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-free humicacids. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218,29-30.

(1366) S. Pompe, A. Brachmann, M. Bubner, G. Geipel, K.-H. Heise,G. Bernhard, and H. Nitsche. Determination and comparisonof uranyl complexation constants with natural and modelhumic acids. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 89-95.

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(1367) M. A. Denecke, T. Reich, S. Pompe, M. Bubner, K.-H. Heise, H.Nitsche, P. G. Allen, J. J. Buchner, N. M. Edelstein, D. K.Shuh, and K. R. Czerwinski. EXAFS investigations of theinteraction of humic acids and model compounds with uranylcations in solid complexes. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 103-108.

Reaction Mechanisms(1292) F. Vogel. Wet oxidation of phenol with oxygen under mild

conditions. Fortschr.-Ber. VDI, Reihe 3 1998, 533, i-xxii, 1-239.

Microbial Synthesis(1293) K. C. Srivastava and D. S. Walia. Biological production of humic acid

and methane from coal. US 5,670,345 (September 23, 1997).

(1377) A. Wais, P. Burauel, and C. Roggelin. New extraction methods andtheir role for humic chemistry in general. Using humic substances ofdifferent origins to investigate bound residues. In Workshop onPesticide Bound Residues; Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 1998; 60-77.

Comparison with Commercial and Natural-ProductHumic Acid

(1377) A. Wais, P. Burauel, and C. Roggelin. New extractionmethods and their role for humic chemistry in general. Usinghumic substances of different origins to investigate boundresidues. In Workshop on Pesticide Bound Residues;Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 1998; 60-77.

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Physicochemical Propertiesand Characterization

(1255) P. Burba. Analysis of aquatic humic substances and their interaction withenvironmental pollutants. Nachr. Chem., Tech. Lab. 1998, 46(4), 426-430.

(1257) K. Schmeide, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H. Nitsche. Isolationand characterization of aquatic humic substances from bog water.Forshungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 34-36.

(1259) M. Klavins. Humic substances in surface waters of Latvia. Crit. Rev. Anal.Chem. 1998, 28(2), 107-112.


(1261) P. J. A. Howard, D. M. Howard, and L. E. Lowe. Effects of tree species andsoil physico-chemical conditions on the nature of soil organic matter. SoilBiol. Biochem. 1998, 30(3), 285-297.

(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics of humicacids of some Venezuelan soils. Geoderma 1998, 81(3-4), 227-239.

(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristics ofSapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.

(1265) J. Peuravuori and K. Pihlaja. Multimethod characterization of lakeaquatic humic matter isolated with sorbing solid and tangentialmembrane filtration. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 364(1-3), 203-221.

(1273) X. Wang and Y. Zhang. Variations and properties of soil humic acidfractions under different fertilization conditions. Turang Xuebao 1998,35(3), 404-411.

(1274) K. Schmeide, H. Zaenker, K.-H. Heise, and H. Nitsche. Isolation andcharacterization of aquatic humic substances from the bog “KleinerKranichsee”. Wiss. Ber.–Forschungszent. Karlsruhe 1998, FZKA6124(Effects of Humic Substances on the Migration of Radionuclides:Complexation and Transport of Actinides), 161-195.

(1277) O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, V. Tugnoli, S. Sanchez-Cortes, and C. Gessa.Spectroscopic characterization of pyrophosphate incorporation duringextraction of peat humic acids. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1998, 62(1), 181-187.

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(1371) S. S. Gonet and B. Debska. Properties of humic acids developed duringhumification process of post-harvest plant residues. Environ. Int. 1998,24(5/6), 603-608.

(1373) A. P. Singh and M. S. Brar. Characterization of humic and fulvic acidsextracted from two major soils of Punjab. In Book of Abstracts, 217th ACSNational Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1999;GEOC-015.

(1379) D. P. Dick, J. Gomes, and P. B. Rosinha. Characterization of humicsubstances extracted from soils and organic sludge. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo1998, 22(4), 603-611.

(1380) C. Rivero, J. Paolini, N. Senesi, and V. D’Orazio. Chemical andspectroscopic characterization of humic acids from a soil toposequence inVenezuela. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1998, 29(19 & 20), 2893-2904.

(1410) M. N. Jones and N. D. Bryan. Colloidal properties of humic substances.Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 78(1), 1-48.

Acid-Base Properties(1260) D. Martin, P. C. Srivastava, D. Ghosh, and W. Zech. Characteristics of

humic substances in cultivated and natural forest soils of Sikkim.Geoderma 1998, 84(4), 345-362.

(1294) S. B. Ceppi, M. I. Velasco, and Y. C. P. De Pauli. Acid-basecharacteristics and development of surface charges of humic acids:differential scanning potentiometry. Bol. Soc. Chil. Quim. 1998, 43(2),155-167.

(1295) A. Falzoni, R. Seeber, D. Tonelli, C. Ciavatta, C. Gessa, and D.Montecchio. Dependence on molecular weight of acid-base properties ofhumic and fulvic acids. Analusis 1998, 26(5), 214-219.

(1296) C. Pastorelli, L. Formaro, G. Ricca, and F. Severini. Electrochemicalbehavior of the humic acid from leonardite. Colloids Surf., B 1999,13(3), 127-134.

(1303) L. Shirshova and R. Osterberg. Electrophoresis of podzol soil humicacids. Environ. Int. 1998, 24(5/6), 625-628.

(1307) J. C. Masini, G. Abate, E. C. Lima, L. C. Hahn, M. S. Nakamura, J.Lichtig, and H. R. Nagatomy. Comparison of methodologies fordetermination of carboxylic and phenolic groups in humic acids. Anal.Chim. Acta 1998, 364(1-3), 223-233.

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(1317) P. Lubal, D. Siroky, D. Fetsch, and J. Havel. The acidobasic andcomplexation properties of humic acids study of complexation of Czechhumic acids with metal ions. Talanta 1998, 47(2), 401-412.

(1342) A. P. Robertson and J. O. Leckie. Acid/base, copper binding, andCu2+/H+ exchange properties of a soil humic acid, an experimental andmodeling study. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33(5), 786-795.

(1401) S. E. Cabaniss. Aqueous infrared spectra of humic substances:correlation of acidity with carboxylate peaks. In Book of Abstracts,216th ACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American ChemicalSociety, 1998; ENVR-060.

Amino Acid Content(1297) O. E. Trubetskaya, O. I. Reznikova, G. V. Afanas’eva, L. F. Markova, T.

A. Muranova, and O. A. Trubetskoj. Amino acid distribution in soilhumic acids fractionated by tandem size exclusion chromatographypolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Environ. Int. 1998, 24(5/6), 573-581.

(1298) O. E. Trubetskaya, O. A. Trubetskoj, G. V. Afanas’eva, O. I. Reznikova,L. F. Markova, and T. A. Muranova. Amino acid composition of humicacids from different soil types fractionated by gel-chromatographycomplemented with electrophoresis amino acid composition. Izv. Akad.Nauk, Ser. Biol. 1998, (1), 84-88.

Ash Content(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristics

of Sapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(1268) V. B. Katalin, H. Laszlo, P. Matyas, and K. Zoltan. Isolation

techniques for examination of dissolved humic substances. Hidrol.Kozl. 1998, 78(5-6), 383-384.

Atomic Force Microscopy(1299) S. M. Shevchenko, Y. S. Yu, L. G. Akim, and G. W. Bailey. Comparing

surface morphology of lignin-carbohydrate complex and humicsubstances. AFM/VR approach. Holzforschung 1998, 52(2), 149-156.

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(1428) H. Zaenker, M. Mertig, M. Boettger, G. Huettig, S. Pompe, and H.Nitsche. Photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning force microscopyon humic acid. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218,78-80.

Bulk Density(1271) R. J. Willey, A. Radwan, M. E. Vozzella, A. Fataftah, G. Davies, and E.

A. Ghabbour. Humic acid gel drying with supercritical carbon dioxide.J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1998, 225, 30-35.

Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)(1300) D. Fetsch and J. Havel. Capillary zone electrophoresis for the

separation and characterization of humic acids. J. Chromatogr., A1998, 802(1), 189-202.

(1301) Ph. Schmitt-Kopplin, A. W. Garrison, E. M. Perdue, D. Freitag, and A.Kettrup. Capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of humic substances.Facts and artifacts. J. Chromatogr., A 1998, 807(1), 101-109.

(1302) D. Fetsch, M. Hradilova, E. M. Pena Mendez, and J. Havel. Capillaryzone electrophoresis study of aggregation of humic substances. J.Chromatogr., A 1998, 817(1+2), 313-323.

(1303) L. Shirshova and R. Osterberg. Electrophoresis of podzol soil humicacids. Environ. Int. 1998, 24(5/6), 625-628.

(1304) U. Keuth, A. Leinenbach, H. P. Beck, and H. Wagner. Separation andcharacterization of humic acids and metal humates by electrophoreticmethods. Electrophoresis 1998, 19(7), 1091-1096.

(1305) Ph. Schmitt-Koplin, N. Hertkorn, A. W. Garrison, D. Freitag, and A.Kettrup. Influence of borate buffers on the electrophoretic behavior ofhumic substances in capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 1998,70(18), 3798-3808.

(1306) D. Fetsch, M. Fetsch, E. M. Pena Mendez, and J. Havel. Humic acidcapillary zone electrophoresis adsorption on capillary walls, separationin metal ion supplemented buffer and the fingerprints. Electrophoresis1998, 19(14), 2465-2473.

(1432) A. Rigol, M. Vidal, and G. Rauret. Ultrafiltration-capillary zoneelectrophoresis for the determination of humic acid fractions. J.Chromatogr., A 1998, 807(2), 275-284.

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Carboxyl Content(1307) J. C. Masini, G. Abate, E. C. Lima, L. C. Hahn, M. S. Nakamura, J.

Lichtig, and H. R. Nagatomy. Comparison of methodologies fordetermination of carboxylic and phenolic groups in humic acids. Anal.Chim. Acta 1998, 364(1-3), 223-233.

(1308) N. N. Danchenko, I. V. Perminova, A. V. Garmash, and A. V.Kudryavtsev. Determination of the carboxyl acidity of humic acids bytitrimetric methods. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 2: Khim. 1998, 39(2), 127-131.

(1329) H. Takesako and T. Takahashi. Metal-complexing ability of fulvicacids in various soil types. Meiji Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku1999, 117, 21-40.

(1384) S. Sardessai and S. Wahidullah. Structural characteristics of marinesedimentary humic acids by CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Oceanol.Acta 1998, 21(4), 543-550.


Centrifugation (for Molecular Weight)(1433) N. D. Bryan, F. R. Livens, and M. N. Jones. The application of

ultracentrifugation methods to ion-induced association of humicsubstances. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1998, 26(4), 762-765.

Charge/Size Distribution Ratio(1257) K. Schmeide, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H. Nitsche.

Isolation and characterization of aquatic humic substances from bogwater. Forshungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 34-36.


(1294) S. B. Ceppi, M. I. Velasco, and Y. C. P. De Pauli. Acid-basecharacteristics and development of surface charges of humic acids:differential scanning potentiometry. Bol. Soc. Chil. Quim. 1998, 43(2),155-167.

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Coagulation Threshold(1275) M. V. Dite and N. N. Bambalov. Coagulation threshold of humic acids

isolated from peat by different extractants. Vestsi Nats. Akad. NavukBelarusi, Ser. Khim. Navuk 1998, (1), 83-84.

(1362) Y. Takahashi, Y. Minai, and T. Tominaga. Complexation of Eu(III)with humic substances fractionated by coagulation. Radiochim. Acta1998, 82, 97-102.

Complexation(1255) P. Burba. Analysis of aquatic humic substances and their interaction

with environmental pollutants. Nachr. Chem., Tech. Lab. 1998, 46(4),426-430.

(1309) V. Misra, S. D. Pandey, and P. N. Viswanathan. Chemical approach tostudy the environmental implications of humic and γ-HCH interaction.Chem. Ecol. 1998, 14(2), 97-106.

(1310) R. Tressler, J. M. Bortiatynski, V. Pan, J. Richman, J. Chorover, and P.G. Hatcher. Interactions of 1-naphthol with humic acids. In Book ofAbstracts, 215th ACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.: AmericanChemical Society, 1998; GEOC-066.

(1311) J. A. C. Jimenez, G. Jones II, and G. L. Indig. Interaction of organicdyes with humic acids. In Book of Abstracts, 216th ACS NationalMeeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1998; PHYS-315.

(1312) E. Simon, M. G. Weller, and R. Niessner. Characterization of acovalent triazine-humic acid conjugate by gas chromatography.Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 1998, 360(7-8), 824-826.

(1313) Y. Ito, V. Moulin, S. Nagao, and S. Nakashima. Interactionexperiments between silica and humic acid solution. Mineral. Mag.1998, 62A(Pt. 2), 693.

(1314) Z. Yu, W. Wang, and A. Peng. Adsorption of chlorophenols on humicacid. Huanjing Huaxue 1998, 17(5), 480-484.

(1315) K. Li, Q. Wang, and W. Liu. Study on interaction mechanism ofbentazone with humic acid. Shanghai Huanjing Kexue 1998, 17(5), 18-20.

(1397) Y.-H. Yang and L. K. Koopal. Immobilization of humic acids andbinding of nitrophenol to immobilized humics. Colloids Surf., A 1999,151(1-2), 201-212.

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(1404) E. G. Witte, H. Philipp, and H. Vereecken. Binding of 13C-labeled 2-aminobenzothiazoles to humic acid as derived from 13C NMRspectroscopy. Org. Geochem. 1998, 29(5-7), 1829-1835.


with Metals(1255) P. Burba. Analysis of aquatic humic substances and their

interaction with environmental pollutants. Nachr. Chem.,Tech. Lab. 1998, 46(4), 426-430.

(1286) M. Bubner, S. Pompe, R. Jander, G. Schuster, K.-H. Heise,and H. Nitsche. Synthesis of solid iron and uranylcomplexes with natural and synthetic humic acids.Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 44-46.

(1287) G. Schuster, M. Bubner, R. Jander, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise,and H. Nitsche. Thermal analysis of iron and uranylcomplexes with natural and synthetic humic acids.Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 54-55.

(1291) S. Pompe, M. Bubner, R. Jander, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai,and H. Nitsche. Defined model substances for humic acids.Part 1. Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-freehumic acids. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998,FZR-218, 29-30.

(1296) C. Pastorelli, L. Formaro, G. Ricca, and F. Severini.Electrochemical behavior of the humic acid from leonardite.Colloids Surf., B 1999, 13(3), 127-134.

(1304) U. Keuth, A. Leinenbach, H. P. Beck, and H. Wagner.Separation and characterization of humic acids and metalhumates by electrophoretic methods. Electrophoresis 1998,19(7), 1091-1096.

(1316) E. Tipping. Humic ion-binding model VI. An improveddescription of the interactions of protons and metal ionswith humic substances. Aquat. Geochem. 1998, 4(1), 3-48.

(1317) P. Lubal, D. Siroky, D. Fetsch, and J. Havel. The acidobasicand complexation properties of humic acids study ofcomplexation of Czech humic acids with metal ions.Talanta 1998, 47(2), 401-412.

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(1318) DeL. R. Crist, R. H. Crist, and J. R. Martin. Nature ofinteraction of metal ions with acid sites of the biosorbentspeat moss and Vaucheria and model substances alginic andhumic acids. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference onFundamentals of Adsorption; F. Meunier, Ed.; Paris:Elsevier, 1998; 969-974.

(1319) P. Ruiz-Haas, D. Amarasiriwardena, and B. Xing.Determination of trace metals bound to soil humic acidspecies by size exclusion chromatography and inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc.Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 147-163.

(1320) V. M. Shanbhag, W. L. Kingery, A. J. Simpson, and M. H. B.Hayes. Study of structural and thermodynamic aspects ofsoil humic substances. In Book of Abstracts, 217th ACSNational Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American ChemicalSociety, 1999; GEOC-014.

(1321) G. R. Choppin. Factors in metal-humic acid interaction. InBook of Abstracts, 217th ACS National Meeting; Washington,D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1999; GEOC-103.

(1322) M. Borkovec, U. Rusch, and J. C. Westall. Modeling ofcompetitive ion binding to heterogeneous materials withaffinity distributions. In Adsorption Methods Geomedia; E.A. Jenne, Ed.; San Diego, California: Academic, 1998; 467-482.

(1323) D. G. Kinniburgh, W. H. Van Riemsdijk, L. K. Koopal, andM. F. Benedetti. Ion binding to humic substances. InAdsorption Methods Geomedia; E. A. Jenne, Ed.; San Diego,California: Academic, 1998; 483-520.

(1324) E. Kozakova and J. Kandrac. Study of selected heavymetals binding forms in carbonate-type soil. Rostl. Vyroba1998, 44(7), 331-336.

(1325) G. C. Butler. Investigations of metal-humic complexationusing ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC coupled withfluorescence quenching titrations. Ph.D. Dissertation,University of Lowell, 1998.

(1326) J. J. Alberts and Z. Filip. Metal binding in estuarine humicand fulvic acids: FTIR analysis of humic acid-metalcomplexes. Environ. Technol. 1998, 19(9), 923-931.

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(1327) S. Lofts and E. Tipping. An assemblage model for cationbinding by natural particulate matter. Geochim.Cosmochim. Acta 1998, 62(15), 2609-2625.

(1328) C. D. Woolard and P. W. Lindner. Modeling of the cationbinding properties of fulvic acids: an extension of theRANDOM algorithm to include nitrogen and sulfur donorsites. Sci. Total Environ. 1999, 226(1), 35-46.

(1329) H. Takesako and T. Takahashi. Metal-complexing ability offulvic acids in various soil types. Meiji Daigaku NogakubuKenkyu Hokoku 1999, 117, 21-40.

(1330) A.-C. Geng, S. Zhang, and H. Hoiland. Binding capacity andstability of humic acid with rare earth elements in solution.Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue 1998, 18(1), 52-56.

(1331) A.-C. Geng, S. Zhang, and H. Hoiland. Complex behavior oftrivalent rare earth elements by humic acids. J. Environ.Sci. (China) 1998, 10(3), 302-308.

(1332) L. Kolar and R. Ledvina. Chemisorption of cadmium in soilwith a sorbent based on humic acids. Sb.-Jihoceska Univ.,Zemed. Fak. Ceske Budejovice, Fytotech. Rada 1998, 15(1),99-109.


(1334) D. S. Orlov, V. V. Demin, and A. G. Zavarzina. Interactionbetween humic acids and heavy metals. Dokl. Akad. Nauk1998, 362(3), 402-403.

(1335) L. Ghantous, E. Lojou, and P. Bianco. Membrane electrodesfor studying the interaction of humic acids with heavymetals. Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and U(VI). Electroanalysis1998, 10(18), 1249-1254.

(1336) L. Shifang and T. Zuyi. Complexation of cadmium(II) andcopper(II) ions by red earth humic acid and fulvic acid.Calculations of stability constants from gel permeationchromatography. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 1998, 65(1-4),103-111.

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(1337) C. M. Wang, B. Zhu, and H. L. Li. Theoretical analysis anddetermination of the heterogeneous stability constant ofcopper(II)-humic acids complex at chemically modifiedcarbon paste electrode. Electroanalysis 1999, 11(3), 183-187.

(1338) P. Bhattacharya and D. N. Ghosal. Adsorption interactionof Cu, Zn, and Co with soil, clay and humic acid. J. IndianSoc. Soil Sci. 1998, 46(4), 688-690.

(1339) M. Fukushima, S. Tanaka, K. Nakayasu, and K. Sasaki.Evaluation of copper(II) binding abilities of humicsubstances by a continuous site-distribution modelconsidering proton competition. Anal. Sci. 1999, 15(2), 185-188.

(1340) R. Osterberg, S. Wei, and L. Shirshova. Inert copper ioncomplexes formed by humic acids. Acta Chem. Scand. 1999,53(3), 172-180.

(1341) H. Ma, S. D. Kim, D. K. Cha, and H. E. Allen. Effect ofkinetics of complexation by humic acid on toxicity of copperto Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1999, 18(5),828-837.

(1342) A. P. Robertson and J. O. Leckie. Acid/base, copper binding,and Cu2+/H+ exchange properties of a soil humic acid, anexperimental and modeling study. Environ. Sci. Technol.1999, 33(5), 786-795.

(1343) T. Tosiani. Low temperature Au-humic acid interactionexperiments: implications for Au transport in surfaceconditions. Mineral. Mag. 1998, 62A(Pt. 3), 1531-1532.

(1344) A. L. R. Merce, S. C. Lombardi, A. S. Mangrich, N. M. Levy,and B. Szpoganicz. Electrochemical and spectroscopicstudies of the complexed species of models of nitrohumicacids derived from phthalic acid. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 1998,9(3), 231-242.

(1345) L. Leita, M. De Nobili, L. Catalano, and A. Mori. Formationand voltammetric characterization of iron-humatecomplexes of different molecular weight. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc.Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 165-171.

(1346) J. Dolins, W. J. Chardon, and J. Japenga. Associationbetween colloidal iron, aluminum, phosphorus, and humicacids. Soil Sci. 1999, 164(3), 171-179.

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(1347) H. M. V. M. Soares, A. A. N. Almeida, M. P. O. Castro, S. C.Silvia, and M. T. S. D. Vasconcelos. Applicability ofpotentiometric stripping analysis to the speciation of lead-humic acid complexes using potassium permanganate asoxidant. Analyst 1998, 123(6), 1377-1382.

(1348) C. M. Wang and H. L. Li. Voltammetric behavior ofmercury(I,II) ions at an amide-functionalized humic acidsmodified carbon paste electrode. Electroanalysis 1998,10(1), 44-49.

(1349) A. Matthiessen. Reduction of divalent mercury by humicsubstances–kinetic and quantitative aspects. Sci. TotalEnviron. 1998, 213(1-3), 177-183.

(1350) P. Warwick, A. Hall, S. J. King, J. Zhu, and J. Van der Lee.Thermodynamic aspects of nickel humic acid interactions.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 81(4), 215-221.

(1351) Q. Y. Sun, C. M. Wang, L. X. Li, and H. L. Li.Preconcentration and voltammetric determination ofpalladium(II) at sodium humate modified carbon pasteelectrodes. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 1999, 363(1), 114-117.

(1352) B. Skerstupp and H. Urban. Solubility and speciestransformation of platinum from automobile exhaust gascatalysts by humic acid. In Emissions Platinmetals; F.Zereini and F. Alt, Eds.; Berlin: Springer, 1999; 249-258.

(1353) A. A. Helal, H. F. Ali, D. M. Imam, and S. M. Khalifa. Effectof some metal ions on the complexation of strontium withhumic acid. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998, 227(1-2), 49-53.

(1354) A. A. Helal, D. M. Imam, and H. F. Ali. Interaction of Cs+,Sr2+, and Gd3+ with humin. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998,237(1-2), 7-10.

(1355) M. Samadfam, T. Jintoku, S. Sato, and H. Ohashi. Effect ofpH on stability constants of Sr(II)-humate complexes. J.Nucl. Sci. Technol. 1998, 35(8), 579-583.

(1356) E. O’Loughlin, Y.-P. Chin, and S. Traina. Binding oforganotin compounds by humic substances. In Preprints ofExtended Abstracts, ACS National Meeting; Washington,D.C.: American Chemical Society Division of EnvironmentalChemistry, 1998; 38(1), 96-98.

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(1357) E. O’Loughlin, Y.-P. Chin, and S. Traina. Binding oforganotin compounds by humic substances. In Book ofAbstracts, 215th ACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.:American Chemical Society Division of EnvironmentalChemistry, 1998; ENVR-038.

(1358) A. A. Helal and H. F. Ali. Interaction of americium withLake Quarun humic acid. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 1998, 2(2),145-159.

(1359) Y. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Wei, and Z. Lin. Complex formation ofAmericium(III) with humic acid. He Huaxue Yu FangsheHuaxue 1998, 20(3), 152-157.

(1360) G. Szabo, J. Guczi, E. Koblinger-Bokori, and R. A. Bulman.An examination of the sorption characteristics of 241Am(III)and Eu(III) bound by humic substances chemicallyimmobilized on silica gel. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 355-359.

(1361) S. J. King and P. Warwick. Studies of metal complexationwith humic acid and fulvic acid. Wiss. Ber.–Forschungszent.Karlsruhe 1998, FZKA 6124(Effects of Humic Substanceson the Migration of Radionuclides: Complexation andTransport of Actinides), 217, 219-243.

(1362) Y. Takahashi, Y. Minai, and T. Tominaga. Complexation ofEu(III) with humic substances fractionated by coagulation.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 97-102.

(1363) C. Marquardt and J. I. Kim. Complexation of Np(V) withfulvic acid. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 81(3), 143-148.

(1364) C. Marquardt and J. I. Kim. Complexation of Np(V) withhumic acids. Intercomparison of results from differentlaboratories. Wiss. Ber.–Forschungszent. Karlsruhe 1998,FZKA 6124(Effects of Humic Substances on the Migrationof Radionuclides: Complexation and Transport ofActinides), 43, 45-67.

(1365) C. Marquardt and J. I. Kim. Complexation of Np(V) withhumic acid. Intercomparison of results from differentlaboratories. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 80(3), 129-137.

(1366) S. Pompe, A. Brachmann, M. Bubner, G. Geipel, K.-H. Heise,G. Bernhard, and H. Nitsche. Determination andcomparison of uranyl complexation constants with naturaland model humic acids. Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 89-95.

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(1367) M. A. Denecke, T. Reich, S. Pompe, M. Bubner, K.-H. Heise,H. Nitsche, P. G. Allen, J. J. Buchner, N. M. Edelstein, D. K.Shuh, and K. R. Czerwinski. EXAFS investigations of theinteraction of humic acids and model compounds withuranyl cations in solid complexes. Radiochim. Acta 1998,82, 103-108.

(1368) J. P. Pinheiro, A. M. Mota, M. L. S. Simoes Goncalves, andH. P. van Leeuwen. The pH effect in the diffusion coefficientof humic matter: influence in speciation studies usingvoltammetric techniques. Colloids Surf., A 1998, 137(1-3),165-170.

(1370) V. I. Nefedov, Yu. A. Teterin, A. M. Lebedev, A. Yu. Teterin,A. P. Dementjev, M. Bubner, T. Reich, S. Pompe, K.-H.Heise, and H. Nitsche. Electron spectroscopy for chemicalanalysis investigation of the interaction of uranyl andcalcium ions with humic acids. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1998,273(1,2), 234-237.

(1375) R. von Wandruszka, T. J. Haakenson, and K. A. Toerne.Evaluation of humic acid fractions by fluorimetry and 13CNMR spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 1998, 54A(5),671-675.

(1395) R. A. Bulman, G. Szabo, R. F. Clayton, and C. R. Clayton.Investigations of the uptake of transuranic radionuclides byhumic and fulvic acids chemically immobilized on silica geland their competitive release by complexing agents. WasteManage. (Oxford) 1998, 17(4), 191-199.

(1410) M. N. Jones and N. D. Bryan. Colloidal properties of humicsubstances. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 78(1), 1-48.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)(1400) M. R. Provenzano, N. Senesi, and V. Miikki. Characterization of

composts and humic acids from pulp and paper mill biosludges by DSCin association with FT-IR spectroscopy. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 1998,52(3), 1037-1046.

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)(1372) S. S. Gonet and J. Cieslewicz. Differential thermal analysis of

sedimentary humic acids in the light of their origin. Environ. Int. 1998,24(5/6), 629-636.

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(1405) V. D. Tikhova, M. M. Shakirov, V. P. Fadeeva, and M. I. Dergacheva.Characterization of soil humic acids on the basis of thermal analysisand 13C NMR spectroscopy. Zh. Prikl. Khim. (St.-Peterburg) 1998, 71(7),1173-1176.

(1431) V. I. Esteves and A. C. Duarte. Thermogravimetric properties ofaquatic humic substances. Mar. Chem. 1999, 63(3-4), 225-233.

Diffusion Coefficients(1368) J. P. Pinheiro, A. M. Mota, M. L. S. Simoes Goncalves, and H. P. van

Leeuwen. The pH effect in the diffusion coefficient of humic matter:influence in speciation studies using voltammetric techniques. ColloidsSurf., A 1998, 137(1-3), 165-170.

(1385) L. Wang, X. Mao, and Y. Yang. Application of newly-developed 1H NMRtechniques to the study of humic acids. Bopuxue Zazhi 1998, 15(5),411-420.

Electrochemistry(1294) S. B. Ceppi, M. I. Velasco, and Y. C. P. De Pauli. Acid-base

characteristics and development of surface charges of humic acids:differential scanning potentiometry. Bol. Soc. Chil. Quim. 1998, 43(2),155-167.

(1320) V. M. Shanbhag, W. L. Kingery, A. J. Simpson, and M. H. B. Hayes.Study of structural and thermodynamic aspects of soil humicsubstances. In Book of Abstracts, 217th ACS National Meeting;Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1999; GEOC-014.

(1335) L. Ghantous, E. Lojou, and P. Bianco. Membrane electrodes forstudying the interaction of humic acids with heavy metals. Cu(II),Pb(II), Cd(II), and U(VI). Electroanalysis 1998, 10(18), 1249-1254.

(1368) J. P. Pinheiro, A. M. Mota, M. L. S. Simoes Goncalves, and H. P. vanLeeuwen. The pH effect in the diffusion coefficient of humic matter:influence in speciation studies using voltammetric techniques. ColloidsSurf., A 1998, 137(1-3), 165-170.

(1354) A. A. Helal, D. M. Imam, and H. F. Ali. Interaction of Cs+, Sr2+, andGd3+ with humin. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998, 237(1-2), 7-10.

(1358) A. A. Helal and H. F. Ali. Interaction of americium with Lake Quarunhumic acid. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 1998, 2(2), 145-159.

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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR)(1369) Z. Yu, W. Wang, and A. Peng. Characterization and photoreaction of

humic substances from sediments in Baiyangdian. Huanjing KexueXuebao 1998, 18(2), 212-215.

Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA)(1370) V. I. Nefedov, Yu. A. Teterin, A. M. Lebedev, A. Yu. Teterin, A. P.

Dementjev, M. Bubner, T. Reich, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise, and H. Nitsche.Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis investigation of theinteraction of uranyl and calcium ions with humic acids. Inorg. Chim.Acta 1998, 273(1,2), 234-237.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR)(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics of

humic acids of some Venezuelan soils. Geoderma 1998, 81(3-4), 227-239.

(1380) C. Rivero, J. Paolini, N. Senesi, and V. D’Orazio. Chemical andspectroscopic characterization of humic acids from a soil toposequencein Venezuela. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1998, 29(19 & 20), 2893-2904.

Elemental Composition(1257) K. Schmeide, S. Pompe, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H. Nitsche.

Isolation and characterization of aquatic humic substances from bogwater. Forshungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 34-36.

(1259) M. Klavins. Humic substances in surface waters of Latvia. Crit. Rev.Anal. Chem. 1998, 28(2), 107-112.


(1261) P. J. A. Howard, D. M. Howard, and L. E. Lowe. Effects of tree speciesand soil physico-chemical conditions on the nature of soil organicmatter. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1998, 30(3), 285-297.

(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics ofhumic acids of some Venezuelan soils. Geoderma 1998, 81(3-4), 227-239.

(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristicsof Sapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.

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(1268) V. B. Katalin, H. Laszlo, P. Matyas, and K. Zoltan. Isolationtechniques for examination of dissolved humic substances. Hidrol.Kozl. 1998, 78(5-6), 383-384.

(1272) T. G. Shendrik. Microelements in wastes of humic acids production. InProceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Environmental Issuesof Energy Mineral Production Waste Management; A. G.Pasamehmetoglu and A. Ozgenoglu, Eds.; Rotterdam, Netherlands:Balkema, 1998; 723-726.



(1319) P. Ruiz-Haas, D. Amarasiriwardena, and B. Xing. Determination oftrace metals bound to soil humic acid species by size exclusionchromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 147-163.

(1346) J. Dolins, W. J. Chardon, and J. Japenga. Association betweencolloidal iron, aluminum, phosphorus, and humic acids. Soil Sci. 1999,164(3), 171-179.



(1369) Z. Yu, W. Wang, and A. Peng. Characterization and photoreaction ofhumic substances from sediments in Baiyangdian. Huanjing KexueXuebao 1998, 18(2), 212-215.

(1371) S. S. Gonet and B. Debska. Properties of humic acids developed duringhumification process of post-harvest plant residues. Environ. Int. 1998,24(5/6), 603-608.

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(1372) S. S. Gonet and J. Cieslewicz. Differential thermal analysis ofsedimentary humic acids in the light of their origin. Environ. Int. 1998,24(5/6), 629-636.

(1373) A. P. Singh and M. S. Brar. Characterization of humic and fulvic acidsextracted from two major soils of Punjab. In Book of Abstracts, 217thACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society,1999; GEOC-015.

(1374) A. Kusinska. Elemental composition of humic acids as an indicator oftheir properties and structure. Rocz. Glebozn. 1998, 49(1/2), 5-16.

(1379) D. P. Dick, J. Gomes, and P. B. Rosinha. Characterization of humicsubstances extracted from soils and organic sludge. Rev. Bras. Cienc.Solo 1998, 22(4), 603-611.


(1407) J. Mao, W. Hu, K. Schmidt-Rohr, G. Davies, E. A. Ghabbour, and B.Xing. Structure and elemental composition of humic acids: comparisonof solid-state 13C NMR calculations and chemical analyses. Spec.Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 79-90.

Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)(1367) M. A. Denecke, T. Reich, S. Pompe, M. Bubner, K.-H. Heise, H. Nitsche,

P. G. Allen, J. J. Buchner, N. M. Edelstein, D. K. Shuh, and K. R.Czerwinski. EXAFS investigations of the interaction of humic acidsand model compounds with uranyl cations in solid complexes.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 103-108.

Fluorescence Spectroscopy(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics of


(1268) V. B. Katalin, H. Laszlo, P. Matyas, and K. Zoltan. Isolationtechniques for examination of dissolved humic substances. Hidrol.Kozl. 1998, 78(5-6), 383-384.


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(1375) R. von Wandruszka, T. J. Haakenson, and K. A. Toerne. Evaluation ofhumic acid fractions by fluorimetry and 13C NMR spectroscopy.Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 1998, 54A(5), 671-675.

(1376) T. Yu, X. Teng, J. Du, and Z. Tao. Fluorescence properties of Dayawansoil humic acid. Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi 1998, 18(6), 746-750.


(1402) V. M. Mazhul’, L. S. Ivashkevich, D. G. Shcherbin, N. A. Pavlovskaya, G.V. Naumova, and T. F. Ovchinnikova. Luminescence properties ofhumic substances. Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. (Engl. Ed.) 1998, 64(4), 503-508.

Fractionation(1255) P. Burba. Analysis of aquatic humic substances and their interaction



(1273) X. Wang and Y. Zhang. Variations and properties of soil humic acidfractions under different fertilization conditions. Turang Xuebao 1998,35(3), 404-411.


(1276) E. Lichtfouse, C. Leblond, M. Da Silva, and F. Behar. Occurrence ofbiomarkers and straight-chain biopolymers in humin. Implication forthe origin of soil organic matter. Naturwissenschaften 1998, 85(10),497-501.


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(1295) A. Falzoni, R. Seeber, D. Tonelli, C. Ciavatta, C. Gessa, and D.Montecchio. Dependence on molecular weight of acid-base properties ofhumic and fulvic acids. Analusis 1998, 26(5), 214-219.

(1324) E. Kozakova and J. Kandrac. Study of selected heavy metals bindingforms in carbonate-type soil. Rostl. Vyroba 1998, 44(7), 331-336.

(1362) Y. Takahashi, Y. Minai, and T. Tominaga. Complexation of Eu(III)with humic substances fractionated by coagulation. Radiochim. Acta1998, 82, 97-102.





(1381) R. L. Revia and G. A. Makharadze. Cloud-point preconcentration offulvic and humic acids. Talanta 1999, 48(2), 409-413.


(1541) H.-J. Liang, C.-L. Tsai, and F.-J. Lu. Oxidative stress induced by humicacid solvent extraction fraction in cultured rabbit articularchondrocytes. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A 1998, 54(6), 477-489.

Gas Chromatography(1420) J. Poerschmann, F.-D. Kopinke, G. Balcke, and S. Mothes. Pyrolysis

pattern of anthropogenic and natural humic organic matter. J.Microcolumn Sep. 1998, 10(5), 401-411.

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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)(1270) V. Miikki, K. Hanninen, J. Knuutinen, and J. Hyotylainen. Pyrolysis of

humic acids from digested and composted sewage sludge. Chemosphere1998(Volume Date 1999), 38(2), 247-253.


(1382) P. F. Greenwood, E. A. Guthrie, and P. G. Hatcher. Lasermicropyrolysis GC-MS of the different petrographically recognisableentities in a synthetic soil. In Book of Abstracts, 217th ACS NationalMeeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1999; GEOC-012.

(1383) D. Fabbri, M. Mongardi, L. Montanari, G. C. Galletti, G. Chiavari, andR. Scotti. Comparison between CP/MAS 13C-NMR and pyrolysis-GC/MS in the structural characterization of humins and humic acids ofsoil and sediments. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 1998, 362(3), 299-306.

(1390) O. A. Trubetskoj, O. E. Trubetskaya, G. V. Afanas’eva, O. I. Reznikova,B. Hermosin, and C. Saiz-Jimenez. Tandem size exclusionchromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of humic acids. Z.Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 1998, 161(6), 619-625.

(1414) B. A. Stankiewicz, P. F. van Bergen, M. B. Smith, J. F. Carter, D. E. G.Briggs, and R. P. Evershed. Comparison of the analytical performanceof filament and Curie-point pyrolysis devices. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis1998, 45(2), 133-151.

(1417) H.-R. Schulten, P. Leinweber, and M. Schnitzer. Analytical pyrolysisand computer modeling of humic and soil particles. IUPAC Ser. Anal.Phys. Chem. Environ. Syst. 1998, 4(Structure and Surface Reactions ofSoil Particles), 281-324.

(1418) J. Zhang, J. Zhai, F. Zhao, and T. Tao. Study of soil humic substancesby cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magneticresonance and pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography. Anal. Chim.Acta 1999, 378(1-3), 177-182.

(1419) H.-R. Schulten. Analytical pyrolysis and computational chemistry ofaquatic humic substances and dissolved organic matter. J. Anal. Appl.Pyrolysis 1999, 49(1-2), 385-415.

(1420) J. Poerschmann, F.-D. Kopinke, G. Balcke, and S. Mothes. Pyrolysispattern of anthropogenic and natural humic organic matter. J.Microcolumn Sep. 1998, 10(5), 401-411.

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Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC)(1274) K. Schmeide, H. Zaenker, K.-H. Heise, and H. Nitsche. Isolation and

characterization of aquatic humic substances from the bog “KleinerKranichsee”. Wiss. Ber.–Forschungszent. Karlsruhe 1998, FZKA6124(Effects of Humic Substances on the Migration of Radionuclides:Complexation and Transport of Actinides), 161-195.

(1297) O. E. Trubetskaya, O. I. Reznikova, G. V. Afanas’eva, L. F. Markova, T.A. Muranova, and O. A. Trubetskoj. Amino acid distribution in soilhumic acids fractionated by tandem size exclusion chromatographypolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Environ. Int. 1998, 24(5/6), 573-581.



(1336) L. Shifang and T. Zuyi. Complexation of cadmium(II) and copper(II)ions by red earth humic acid and fulvic acid. Calculations of stabilityconstants from gel permeation chromatography. Toxicol. Environ.Chem. 1998, 65(1-4), 103-111.

(1373) A. P. Singh and M. S. Brar. Characterization of humic and fulvic acidsextracted from two major soils of Punjab. In Book of Abstracts, 217thACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society,1999; GEOC-015

(1378) M. Kawahigashi and N. Fujitake. Surface-active properties of particlesize fractions in two humic acids. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo) 1998,44(4), 497-505.

(1387) H. G. Barth, B. E. Boyes, and C. Jackson. Size exclusionchromatography and related separation techniques. Anal. Chem. 1998,70(12), 251R-278R.

(1388) I. V. Perminova, F. H. Frimmel, D. V. Kovalevskii, G. Abbt-Braun, A. V.Kudryavtsev, and S. Hesse. Development of a predictive model forcalculation of molecular weight of humic substances. Water Res. 1998,32(3), 872-881.

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(1389) P. Conte and A. Piccolo. Conformational arrangement of dissolvedhumic substances. Influence of solution composition on association ofhumic molecules. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33(10), 1682-1690.


(1391) R. von Wandruszka, M. Schimpf, M. Hill, and R. Engebretson.Characterization of humic acid size fractions by SEC and MALS. Org.Geochem. 1999, 30(4), 229-235.

(1392) B. Ballarin, R. Seeber, D. Tonelli, and S. Zappoli. High-performancesize exclusion chromatography in the evaluation of molecular sizedistributions of humic acids fractionated by ultrafiltration. Ann. Chim.(Rome) 1999, 89(3-4), 211-220.

(1425) L. G. Akim, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, and G. W. Bailey. Reductive splittingof humic substances with dry hydrogen iodide. Org. Geochem. 1998,28(5), 325-336.

(1429) D. B. Wagoner and R. F. Christman. Molar masses and radii of humicsubstances measured by light scattering. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol.1998, 26(3), 191-195.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)(1325) G. C. Butler. Investigations of metal-humic complexation using ion-

pair reversed-phase HPLC coupled with fluorescence quenchingtitrations. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Lowell, 1998.

Immobilization, on Substrates(1325) G. C. Butler. Investigations of metal-humic complexation using ion-

pair reversed-phase HPLC coupled with fluorescence quenchingtitrations. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Lowell, 1998.

(1360) G. Szabo, J. Guczi, E. Koblinger-Bokori, and R. A. Bulman. Anexamination of the sorption characteristics of 241Am(III) and Eu(III)bound by humic substances chemically immobilized on silica gel.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 355-359.

(1393) H. Yoshida and T. Chiba. Adsorption of humic substances on highlyporous strongly basic PEI-chitosan bead. In Proceedings of the 6thConference on Fundamentals of Adsorption; F. Meunier, Ed.; Paris:Elsevier, 1998; 527-532.

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(1394) L. K. Koopal, Y. Yang, A. J. Minnaard, P. L. M. Theunissen, and W. H.Van Riemsdijk. Chemical immobilization of humic acid on silica.Colloids Surf., A 1998, 141(3), 385-395.

(1395) R. A. Bulman, G. Szabo, R. F. Clayton, and C. R. Clayton.Investigations of the uptake of transuranic radionuclides by humic andfulvic acids chemically immobilized on silica gel and their competitiverelease by complexing agents. Waste Manage. (Oxford) 1998, 17(4), 191-199.

(1396) W. S. Wan Ngah and A. Musa. Adsorption of humic acid into chitin andchitosan. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 69(12), 2305-2310.

(1397) Y.-H. Yang and L. K. Koopal. Immobilization of humic acids andbinding of nitrophenol to immobilized humics. Colloids Surf., A 1999,151(1-2), 201-212.

(1398) H. G. Sanjay, K. C. Srivastava, and D. S. Walia. Adsorbent. US5,906,960 (May 25, 1999).

(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay assorbents and binders for wide-spread applications. DE 19,633,737(February 26, 1998).

(1446) F. D. Oeste. Processes for use of humic substances as sorbents andbinders. DE 19,633,753 (February 26, 1998).

Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics of



(1278) A. Henrique Rosa, J. C. Rocha, M. Furlan, and L. F. Zara E Ademir DosSantos. Oxidation of humic substances of peat during alkalineextraction. Infrared and visible spectroscopic study. An. Assoc. Bras.Quim. 1998, 47(1), 25-28.

(1289) S. Pompe, M. Bubner, R. Jander, K.-H. Heise, R. Nicolai, and H.Nitsche. Defined model substances for humic acids. Part 2. Synthesisand characterization of a synthetic humic acid with blocked phenolichydroxyl groups. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218, 30-32.

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(1326) J. J. Alberts and Z. Filip. Metal binding in estuarine humic and fulvicacids: FTIR analysis of humic acid-metal complexes. Environ. Technol.1998, 19(9), 923-931.




(1367) M. A. Denecke, T. Reich, S. Pompe, M. Bubner, K.-H. Heise, H. Nitsche,P. G. Allen, J. J. Buchner, N. M. Edelstein, D. K. Shuh, and K. R.Czerwinski. EXAFS investigations of the interaction of humic acidsand model compounds with uranyl cations in solid complexes.Radiochim. Acta 1998, 82, 103-108.




(1399) D. F. Malley. Near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential method forroutine sediment analysis to improve rapidity and efficiency. WaterSci. Technol. 1998, 37(6-7), 181-188.

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(1400) M. R. Provenzano, N. Senesi, and V. Miikki. Characterization ofcomposts and humic acids from pulp and paper mill biosludges by DSCin association with FT-IR spectroscopy. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 1998,52(3), 1037-1046.


(1406) R. L. Wershaw and K. R. Kennedy. Use of 13C NMR and FTIR forelucidation of degradation pathways during natural litterdecomposition and composting. IV. Characterization of humic andfulvic acids extracted from senescent leaves. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem.1998, 228(Humic Substances), 61-68.

(1421) S. Sanchez-Cortes, O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, J. V. Garcia-Ramos, andC. Gessa. pH-Dependent adsorption of fractionated peat humicsubstances on different silver colloids studied by surface-enhancedRaman spectroscopy. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 198(2), 308-318.

Luminescence(1402) V. M. Mazhul’, L. S. Ivashkevich, D. G. Shcherbin, N. A. Pavlovskaya, G.

V. Naumova, and T. F. Ovchinnikova. Luminescence properties ofhumic substances. Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. (Engl. Ed.) 1998, 64(4), 503-508.

Mass Spectrometry (MS)(1268) V. B. Katalin, H. Laszlo, P. Matyas, and K. Zoltan. Isolation

techniques for examination of dissolved humic substances. Hidrol.Kozl. 1998, 78(5-6), 383-384.


(1419) H.-R. Schulten. Analytical pyrolysis and computational chemistry ofaquatic humic substances and dissolved organic matter. J. Anal. Appl.Pyrolysis 1999, 49(1-2), 385-415.

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Maximum Quantum Spectroscopy (MAXY)(1385) L. Wang, X. Mao, and Y. Yang. Application of newly-developed 1H NMR

techniques to the study of humic acids. Bopuxue Zazhi 1998, 15(5),411-420.

Methylene Blue Activity(1284) L. Butuzova, A. Krzton, and O. Bazarova. Structure and properties of

humic acid obtained from thermo-oxidized brown coal. Fuel 1998,77(6), 581-584.

Moisture Content(1503) K. Kiyosawa. Manufacture of wastewater treatment agents. JP

10,277,533 (October 20, 1998).

(1505) Y. Ishida. Treatment of organic wastewater by humus pellets. JP11,090,478.

Molecular Weight(1259) M. Klavins. Humic substances in surface waters of Latvia. Crit. Rev.

Anal. Chem. 1998, 28(2), 107-112.


(1519) W.-H. Wang, C. M. Bray, and M. N. Jones. The fate of 14C-labeledhumic substances in rice cells in culture. J. Plant Physiol. 1999, 154(2),203-211.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)(1258) D. C. Olk, K. G. Cassman, N. Mahieu, and E. W. Randall. Conserved

chemical properties of young humic acid fractions in tropical lowlandsoil under intensive irrigated rice cropping. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 1998,49(2), 337-349.



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(1310) R. Tressler, J. M. Bortiatynski, V. Pan, J. Richman, J. Chorover, and P.G. Hatcher. Interactions of 1-naphthol with humic acids. In Book ofAbstracts, 215th ACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.: AmericanChemical Society, 1998; GEOC-066.




(1383) D. Fabbri, M. Mongardi, L. Montanari, G. C. Galletti, G. Chiavari, andR. Scotti. Comparison between CP/MAS 13C-NMR and pyrolysis-GC/MS in the structural characterization of humins and humic acids ofsoil and sediments. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 1998, 362(3), 299-306.

(1384) S. Sardessai and S. Wahidullah. Structural characteristics of marinesedimentary humic acids by CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. Oceanol.Acta 1998, 21(4), 543-550.

(1385) L. Wang, X. Mao, and Y. Yang. Application of newly-developed 1H NMRtechniques to the study of humic acids. Bopuxue Zazhi 1998, 15(5),411-420.

(1386) Y.-Y. Chien and W. F. Bleam. Two-dimensional NOESY NMR study ofpH-dependent changes in humic acid conformation in aqueous solution.Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32(23), 3653-3658.

(1403) G. S. H. Lee, M. A. Wilson, and B. R. Young. The application of theWATERGATE suppression technique for analyzing humic substancesby nuclear magnetic resonance. Org. Geochem. 1998, 28(9/10), 549-559.

(1404) E. G. Witte, H. Philipp, and H. Vereecken. Binding of 13C-labeled 2-aminobenzothiazoles to humic acid as derived from 13C NMRspectroscopy. Org. Geochem. 1998, 29(5-7), 1829-1835.

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(1405) V. D. Tikhova, M. M. Shakirov, V. P. Fadeeva, and M. I. Dergacheva.Characterization of soil humic acids on the basis of thermal analysisand 13C NMR spectroscopy. Zh. Prikl. Khim. (St.-Peterburg) 1998, 71(7),1173-1176.

(1406) R. L. Wershaw and K. R. Kennedy. Use of 13C NMR and FTIR forelucidation of degradation pathways during natural litterdecomposition and composting. IV. Characterization of humic andfulvic acids extracted from senescent leaves. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem.1998, 228(Humic Substances), 61-68.


(1409) M. I. Makarov. Study of phosphorus status in humic acids of mountain-meadow and loggy alpine soils using the 31P nuclear magneticresonance technique. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvoved. 1998, (1),27-32.

(1418) J. Zhang, J. Zhai, F. Zhao, and T. Tao. Study of soil humic substancesby cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magneticresonance and pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography. Anal. Chim.Acta 1999, 378(1-3), 177-182.

(1424) G. Almendros, M. E. Guadalix, F. J. Gonzalez-Vila, and F. Martin.Distribution of structural units in humic substances as revealed bymulti-step selective degradations and 13C-NMR of successive residues.Soil Biol. Biochem. 1998, 30(6), 755-765.

(1549) R. L. Wershaw and M. A. Mikita, Eds., NMR of Humic Substances andCoal; Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis, 1987.

Octanol/Water Partitioning(1356) E. O’Loughlin, Y.-P. Chin, and S. Traina. Binding of organotin

compounds by humic substances. In Preprints of Extended Abstracts,ACS National Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical SocietyDivision of Environmental Chemistry, 1998; 38(1), 96-98.

(1357) E. O’Loughlin, Y.-P. Chin, and S. Traina. Binding of organotincompounds by humic substances. In Book of Abstracts, 215th ACSNational Meeting; Washington, D.C.: American Chemical SocietyDivision of Environmental Chemistry, 1998; ENVR-038.

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Partial Specific Volume(1408) J. W. Birkett, M. N. Jones, N. D. Bryan, and F. R. Livens. The effects of

solution conditions on partial specific volumes of humic substances.Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 362(2-3), 299-308.

Phenolic Content(1260) D. Martin, P. C. Srivastava, D. Ghosh, and W. Zech. Characteristics of

humic substances in cultivated and natural forest soils of Sikkim.Geoderma 1998, 84(4), 345-362.

(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristicsof Sapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.



(1403) D. C. Olk, K. G. Cassman, N. Mahieu, and E. W. Randall. Conservedchemical properties of young humic acid fractions in tropical lowlandsoil under intensive irrigated rice cropping. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 1998,49(2), 337-349.

Phosphorescence Spectroscopy(1402) V. M. Mazhul’, L. S. Ivashkevich, D. G. Shcherbin, N. A. Pavlovskaya, G.

V. Naumova, and T. F. Ovchinnikova. Luminescence properties ofhumic substances. Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. (Engl. Ed.) 1998, 64(4), 503-508.

Phosphorus Content(1277) O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, V. Tugnoli, S. Sanchez-Cortes, and C. Gessa.

Spectroscopic characterization of pyrophosphate incorporation duringextraction of peat humic acids. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1998, 62(1), 181-187.

(1346) J. Dolins, W. J. Chardon, and J. Japenga. Association betweencolloidal iron, aluminum, phosphorus, and humic acids. Soil Sci. 1999,164(3), 171-179.

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(1409) M. I. Makarov. Study of phosphorus status in humic acids of mountain-meadow and loggy alpine soils using the 31P nuclear magneticresonance technique. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvoved. 1998, (1),27-32.

Photon Correlation Spectroscopy(1428) H. Zaenker, M. Mertig, M. Boettger, G. Huettig, S. Pompe, and H.

Nitsche. Photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning force microscopyon humic acid. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218,78-80.

Polyacrylamide-Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)(1297) O. E. Trubetskaya, O. I. Reznikova, G. V. Afanas’eva, L. F. Markova, T.

A. Muranova, and O. A. Trubetskoj. Amino acid distribution in soilhumic acids fractionated by tandem size exclusion chromatographypolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Environ. Int. 1998, 24(5/6), 573-581.



(1413) C. Saiz-Jimenez, O. E. Trubetskaya, O. A. Trubetskoj, and B.Hermosin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soil humic acids,lignins, model phenolic polymers, and fungal melanins. Commun. SoilSci. Plant Anal. 1999, 30(3 & 4), 345-352.

Pyrolysis(1270) V. Miikki, K. Hanninen, J. Knuutinen, and J. Hyotylainen. Pyrolysis of

humic acids from digested and composted sewage sludge. Chemosphere1998(Volume Date 1999), 38(2), 247-253.


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(1414) B. A. Stankiewicz, P. F. van Bergen, M. B. Smith, J. F. Carter, D. E. G.Briggs, and R. P. Evershed. Comparison of the analytical performanceof filament and Curie-point pyrolysis devices. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis1998, 45(2), 133-151.

(1415) A. V. Kravtsov, D. A. Bazhenov, L. I. Tarnovskaya, and S. G. Maslov.Evaluation of the thermodynamic probabilities of reaction pathways inhumic and fulvic acid thermolysis. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow) 1998,(1), 38-48.

(1416) L. Grasset and A. Ambles. Structural study of soil humic acids andhumin using a new preparative thermochemolysis technique. J. Anal.Appl. Pyrolysis 1998, 47(1), 1-12.

(1420) J. Poerschmann, F.-D. Kopinke, G. Balcke, and S. Mothes. Pyrolysispattern of anthropogenic and natural humic organic matter. J.Microcolumn Sep. 1998, 10(5), 401-411.

Raman Spectroscopy(1421) S. Sanchez-Cortes, O. Francioso, C. Ciavatta, J. V. Garcia-Ramos, and

C. Gessa. pH-Dependent adsorption of fractionated peat humicsubstances on different silver colloids studied by surface-enhancedRaman spectroscopy. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 198(2), 308-318.

(1422) T. Wang, Y.-J. Xiao, Y. Yang, and H. A. Chase. Fourier transformsurface-enhanced Raman spectra of fulvic acid from weathered coaladsorbed on gold electrodes. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A:Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 1999, A34(3), 749-765.

Reactivity(1540) S. Kolla, M. D. Paciolla, L. T. Sein, Jr., J. Moyer, D. S. Walia, H. Heaton,

and S. A. Jansen. Humic acid as a substrate for alkylation. Spec.Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 215-225.

Solubility(1423) I. S. Shaban and V. Mikulaj. Impact of an anionic surfactant addition

on solubility of humic acid in acid-alkaline solutions. Chem. Pap.1998, 52(6), 753-755.

Structure and Morphology(1255) P. Burba. Analysis of aquatic humic substances and their interaction


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(1271) R. J. Willey, A. Radwan, M. E. Vozzella, A. Fataftah, G. Davies, and E.A. Ghabbour. Humic acid gel drying with supercritical carbon dioxide.J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1998, 225, 30-35.

(1299) S. M. Shevchenko, Y. S. Yu, L. G. Akim, and G. W. Bailey. Comparingsurface morphology of lignin-carbohydrate complex and humicsubstances. AFM/VR approach. Holzforschung 1998, 52(2), 149-156.





(1411) M. H. B. Hayes. Humic substances: progress towards more realisticconcepts of structures. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(HumicSubstances), 1-27.

(1428) H. Zaenker, M. Mertig, M. Boettger, G. Huettig, S. Pompe, and H.Nitsche. Photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning force microscopyon humic acid. Forschungszent. Rossendorf, [Ber.] FZR 1998, FZR-218,78-80.

(1429) D. B. Wagoner and R. F. Christman. Molar masses and radii of humicsubstances measured by light scattering. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol.1998, 26(3), 191-195.

(1430) R. von Wandruszka. The micellar model of humic acid: evidence frompyrene fluorescence measurements. Soil Sci. 1998, 163(12), 921-930.

by Chemical Methods(1290) F. Cataldo. On the structure of macromolecules obtained by

oxidative polymerization of polyhydroxyphenols andquinones. Polym. Int. 1998, 46(4), 263-268.

(1412) L. Grasset and A. Ambles. Structure of humin and humicacid from an acid soil as revealed by phase transfercatalyzed hydrolysis. Org. Geochem. 1998, 29(4), 881-891.

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(1424) G. Almendros, M. E. Guadalix, F. J. Gonzalez-Vila, and F.Martin. Distribution of structural units in humicsubstances as revealed by multi-step selective degradationsand 13C-NMR of successive residues. Soil Biol. Biochem.1998, 30(6), 755-765.

(1425) L. G. Akim, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, and G. W. Bailey.Reductive splitting of humic substances with dry hydrogeniodide. Org. Geochem. 1998, 28(5), 325-336.

by Pyrolytic Techniques(1263) L. Grasset, V. Gobe, L. Lemee, and A. Ambles. Complex

organic matter present in soil structure and origin. Mineral.Mag. 1998, 62A(Pt. 1), 535-536.

(1414) B. A. Stankiewicz, P. F. van Bergen, M. B. Smith, J. F.Carter, D. E. G. Briggs, and R. P. Evershed. Comparison ofthe analytical performance of filament and Curie-pointpyrolysis devices. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1998, 45(2), 133-151.

(1416) L. Grasset and A. Ambles. Structural study of soil humicacids and humin using a new preparative thermochemolysistechnique. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1998, 47(1), 1-12.

(1417) H.-R. Schulten, P. Leinweber, and M. Schnitzer. Analyticalpyrolysis and computer modeling of humic and soilparticles. IUPAC Ser. Anal. Phys. Chem. Environ. Syst.1998, 4(Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles),281-324.

(1419) H.-R. Schulten. Analytical pyrolysis and computationalchemistry of aquatic humic substances and dissolvedorganic matter. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1999, 49(1-2), 385-415.

Models of(1426) L. T. Sein, Jr., J. M. Varnum, and S. A. Jansen.

Conformational modeling of a new building block of humicacid: approaches to the lowest energy conformer. Environ.Sci. Technol. 1999, 33(4), 546-552.

(1427) H.-R. Schulten. Molecular modeling of humic substances,soil organic matter and soil particles: potential and limits.Mineral. Mag. 1998, 62A(Pt. 3), 1358-1359.

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of Solutions(1302) D. Fetsch, M. Hradilova, E. M. Pena Mendez, and J. Havel.

Capillary zone electrophoresis study of aggregation of humicsubstances. J. Chromatogr., A 1998, 817(1+2), 313-323.

(1386) Y.-Y. Chien and W. F. Bleam. Two-dimensional NOESYNMR study of pH-dependent changes in humic acidconformation in aqueous solution. Environ. Sci. Technol.1998, 32(23), 3653-3658.

(1389) P. Conte and A. Piccolo. Conformational arrangement ofdissolved humic substances. Influence of solutioncomposition on association of humic molecules. Environ.Sci. Technol. 1999, 33(10), 1682-1690.

(1408) J. W. Birkett, M. N. Jones, N. D. Bryan, and F. R. Livens.The effects of solution conditions on partial specific volumesof humic substances. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 362(2-3), 299-308.

Surface Area(1271) R. J. Willey, A. Radwan, M. E. Vozzella, A. Fataftah, G. Davies, and E.

A. Ghabbour. Humic acid gel drying with supercritical carbon dioxide.J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1998, 225, 30-35.

(1378) M. Kawahigashi and N. Fujitake. Surface-active properties of particlesize fractions in two humic acids. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo) 1998,44(4), 497-505.

Surface Tension, of Solutions(1378) M. Kawahigashi and N. Fujitake. Surface-active properties of particle

size fractions in two humic acids. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. (Tokyo) 1998,44(4), 497-505.

Ultrafiltration(1392) B. Ballarin, R. Seeber, D. Tonelli, and S. Zappoli. High-performance

size exclusion chromatography in the evaluation of molecular sizedistributions of humic acids fractionated by ultrafiltration. Ann. Chim.(Rome) 1999, 89(3-4), 211-220.

(1432) A. Rigol, M. Vidal, and G. Rauret. Ultrafiltration-capillary zoneelectrophoresis for the determination of humic acid fractions. J.Chromatogr., A 1998, 807(2), 275-284.

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Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)(1262) C. Rivero, N. Senesi, J. Paolini, and V. D’Orazio. Characteristics of


(1278) A. Henrique Rosa, J. C. Rocha, M. Furlan, and L. F. Zara E Ademir DosSantos. Oxidation of humic substances of peat during alkalineextraction. Infrared and visible spectroscopic study. An. Assoc. Bras.Quim. 1998, 47(1), 25-28.






Viscometry(1434) M. J. Avena, A. W. P. Vermeer, and L. K. Koopal. Volume and structure

of humic acids studied by viscometry pH and electrolyte concentrationeffects. Colloids Surf., A 1999, 151(1-2), 213-224.

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Physiology andPhysiological Effects


Binding of, to Cell Walls(1466) V. Jirku, Z. Zizka, R. Sedlarova, and F. Pospisil. A modulatory effect of

yeast cell-humic salt interaction. Microbiol. Res. 1998, 153(2), 149-152.

Biological Activity(1435) M. D. Paciolla, S. Kolla, L. T. Sein, Jr., J. M. Varnum, D. L. Malfara, G.

Davies, E. A. Ghabbour, and S. A. Jansen. Generation of free radicalsby humic acid: implications for biological activity. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc.Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 203-214.

Free Radical Generation by(1435) M. D. Paciolla, S. Kolla, L. T. Sein, Jr., J. M. Varnum, D. L. Malfara, G.

Davies, E. A. Ghabbour, and S. A. Jansen. Generation of free radicalsby humic acid: implications for biological activity. Spec. Publ.–R. Soc.Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances), 203-214.

Inhibition of Phosphatase Activity(1436) M.-J. Boavida and R. G. Wetzel. Inhibition of phosphatase activity by

dissolved humic substances and hydrolytic reactivation by naturalultraviolet light. Freshwater Biol. 1998, 40(2), 285-293.

on Articular Chondrocytes (Rabbit)(1541) H.-J. Liang, C.-L. Tsai, and F.-J. Lu. Oxidative stress induced by humic

acid solvent extraction fraction in cultured rabbit articularchondrocytes. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A 1998, 54(6), 477-489.

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on Hematopoiesis(1437) A. Kozubik, J. Hofmanova, A. Lojek, J. Netikova, K. Soucek, M.

Kovarikova, and Z. Zadak. Effects of sodium humate on hematopoiesisand phagocyte activity in vivo and in vitro. Klin. Biochem. Metab. 1998,6(3), 136-143.

on Lipid Peroxidation(1438) X. Yu, F. Lu, B. Zheng, T. Huang, R. Gao, C. Liu, and Q. Hong. Effects of

humic acid on lipid peroxidation in arsenosis prevalent areas.Zhonghua Yufang Yixue Zazhi 1999, 33(1), 26-29.

on Lipids (Blood Serum)(1439) D. I. Kuzmenko, G. N. Sidorenko, E. F. Levitskii, B. I. Laptev, and E. I.

Dzhuraeva. A comparative evaluation of the effect of different types ofsapropel on dynamic liver function in intact rats and in the modeling oftoxic hepatitis. Vopr. Kurortol. Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998, (2), 37-38.

on Liver Function(1439) D. I. Kuzmenko, G. N. Sidorenko, E. F. Levitskii, B. I. Laptev, and E. I.

Dzhuraeva. A comparative evaluation of the effect of different types ofsapropel on dynamic liver function in intact rats and in the modeling oftoxic hepatitis. Vopr. Kurortol. Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998, (2), 37-38.

on Mammalian Cell Proliferation(1440) J. Hofmanova, A. Kozubik, J. Hola, K. Soucek, M. Kovarikova, and Z.

Zadak. Effects of sodium humate on the cells cycle and proliferation ofmammalian cells. Klin. Biochem. Metab. 1999, 7(1), 4-11.

on Peroxisome Proliferation(1441) Y. Lee, T.-S. Huang, M.-L. Yang, L.-R. Huang, C.-H. Chen, and F.-J. Lu.

Peroxisome proliferation, adipocyte determination and differentiationof C3H10T1/2 fibroblast cells induced by humic acid: induction of PPAR indiverse cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 1999, 179(2), 218-225.

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on Phagocyte Activity(1437) A. Kozubik, J. Hofmanova, A. Lojek, J. Netikova, K. Soucek, M.

Kovarikova, and Z. Zadak. Effects of sodium humate on hematopoiesisand phagocyte activity in vivo and in vitro. Klin. Biochem. Metab. 1998,6(3), 136-143.

on Thrombomodulin Cofactor Activity(1442) H.-L. Yang, Y.-C. Hseu, F.-J. Lu, and H.-D. Tsai. Humic acid reduces

protein-C-activating cofactor activity of thrombomodulin of humanumbilical vein endothelial cells. Br. J. Haematol. 1998, 101(1), 16-23.

Pharmacokinetics(1539) A. Dobrkovska, U. Krzensk, and J. R. Chediak. Pharmacokinetics,

efficacy and safety of Humate-P in von Willebrand disease.Haemophilia 1998, 4(Suppl. 3), 33-39.

Toxicology

of Brominated(1444) K. Ichihashi, K. Teranishi, and A. Ichimura. Brominated

trihalomethane formation in halogenation of humic acid inthe coexistence of hypochlorite and hypobromite ions. WaterRes. 1999, 33(2), 477-483.

of Chlorinated(1443) D. A. Robbins and M. S. Milligan. Formation of chlorophenols

from dissolved organic matter in water chlorinationprocesses. In Book of Abstracts, 216th ACS National Meeting;Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1998; ENVR-146.

(1444) K. Ichihashi, K. Teranishi, and A. Ichimura. Brominatedtrihalomethane formation in halogenation of humic acid inthe coexistence of hypochlorite and hypobromite ions. WaterRes. 1999, 33(2), 477-483.

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Commercial Applications

(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as sorbentsand binders for wide-spread applications. DE 19,633,737 (February 26,1998).


as Accelerator, in Biological Fermentation(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as

sorbents and binders for wide-spread applications. DE 19,633,737(February 26, 1998).


as Adhesive Additive(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



as Adsorbent, for Metals(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



as Animal Feed Additive(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



-56-

(1477) V. P. Kruglov. An amino acid-containing oxidation product from humicacid-based solid fuels. WO 9,216,540 (October 1, 1992).


as Binder Agent(1447) X. Tang and H. Yang. Preparation of electric furnace feed having high

electric resistance and high activity. CN 1,094,449 (November 2,1994).

for Coal Briquets(1448) H. Luo. A binder used in coal briquets for gasification in

ammonia synthesis process. CN 1,082,462 (February 2,1994).

(1449) J. Ye. A binder for manufacture of coal briquets forgasification. CN 1,080,316 (January 5, 1994).

for Oils(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay

as sorbents and binders for wide-spread applications. DE19,633,737 (February 26, 1998).

(1446) F. D. Oeste. Processes for use of humic substances assorbents and binders. DE 19,633,753 (February 26, 1998).

as Cement/Concrete Mixture Additive(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



(1450) S. Tadenuma and T. Matsumoto. Shaped cement articles. JP05,170,499 (July 9, 1993).

(1451) S. Tadenuma and T. Matsumoto. Cement boards and theirmanufacture. JP 05,170,573 (July 9, 1993).

(1452) K. Tatsumi. Fiber-cement slurry compositions containing humic acidsalts for dispersion. JP 05,270,879 (October 19, 1993).

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(1453) K. Tatsumi. Fiber-cement slurry compositions containing recycledcement products and humic acid salts for dispersion and moldabilityJP 05,270,881 (October 19, 1993).

(1454) S. Tadenuma. Surface treatment of cement products with humic acids.JP 05,270,948 (October 19, 1993).

(1455) Y. Ohama, K. Demura, K. Sumi, and H. Sakurai. Effect of humic acidon flexural behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced cement pastes. Semento,Konkurito Ronbunshu 1998, 52, 1082-1087.

(1456) Y. Ohama, K. Izumura, H. Sakurai, and M. Suzuki. Preparation ofnatural fiber reinforced cement compositions. JP 10,029,840(February 3, 1998).

(1457) Y. Ohama, K. Demura, H. Sakurai, and M. Suzuki. Manufacture ofcarbon fiber reinforced cement compositions for building materials. JP11,060,309 (March 2, 1999).

(1458) K. Takagi, T. Haraoka, and M. Takagi. Cement compositions forcentrifugal molding and centrifugally molded cement products. JP11,060,311 (March 2, 1999).

(1459) T. Ohmura, T. Tsuda, and T. Yamamura. Silane-containing wateremulsions useful for waterproofing and prevention of surface bloomingof concrete or stone structure. JP 11,080,552 (March 26, 1999).

(1460) Y. Ohama, K. Izumura, H. Sakurai, and M. Suzuki. Manufacture ofcarbon fiber-reinforced cement compositions for building materials. JP11,092,198 (April 6, 1999).

As Coal-Water Slurry Enhancer/Stabilizer(1461) N. Ran, Y. Dai, Q. Chen, B. Hu, and J. Shen. Progress in studies and

applications of additives for coal water mixture. Jingxi Huagong 1998,15(Supplement), 63-67.

(1462) X. Pan, F. Zeng, and X. Fu. Research on the relationship between humicsubstance grades and their ability as coal water mixture additives.Part I. Relationship between dispersibility and grades. MeitanZhuanhua 1999, 22(1), 38-42.


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as Culture Medium Additive(1464) S.-I. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, T. Okuda, and S. Komatsubara. Selective

isolation of Actinobispora on gellan gum plates. Can. J. Microbiol.1998, 44(1), 1-5.

(1465) T. V. Skliar, A. V. Krysenko, V. G. Gavriliuk, and A. I. Vinnikov. Acomparison of the developmental characteristics of Neisseriagonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus cultures on nutrient media ofdifferent compositions. Mikrobiol. Z. 1998, 60(1), 25-30.

(1466) V. Jirku, Z. Zizka, R. Sedlarova, and F. Pospisil. A modulatory effect ofyeast cell-humic salt interaction. Microbiol. Res. 1998, 153(2), 149-152.

(1467) T. Yamauchi, S. Nakashima, M. Hirayama, K. Ojiri, and K. Suda.Antitumor pyrone derivative BE 51068, its microbial manufacture,Steptomyces spp. therefore, and antitumor agents. JP 10,101,663(April 21, 1998).

(1543) C. H. Fuchsman, Peat: Industrial Chemistry and Technology; New York:Academic, 1980.

as Deodorant, for Liquids(1468) K. Watanabe and M. Yazumi. Liquid deodorants containing humic

acids for beverage treatment and their preparation. JP 11,009,674(January 19, 1999).

(1501) T. Mimura and A. Fukai. Method for suppressing dioxin emissionduring waste incineration by using fuel containing humic acid. JP11,082,946 (March 26, 1999).

as Drilling Mud Additive(1469) S. E. Lebo, Jr., K. R. Wirtz, and S. L. Dickman. Production of oxidized

humic acids by an oxygen-alkali process. EP 786,491 (July 30, 1997).

(1470) M. Sano, M. Hoshino, and A. Konno. Drilling fluid compositions used athigh temperatures. JP 03,006,287 (January 11, 1991).

(1471) Z. Wang. Synthesis of acrylamide-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid-humic acid graft copolymer. Huagong Shikan1998, 12(10), 24-26.

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(1472) M. Yamamoto, S. Nakazawa, N. Takamiya, and T. Yamaguchi.Manufacture of water-absorbing materials by graft polymerization ofhumic acid with acrylonitrile. JP 10,287,694 (October 27, 1998).

(1473) S.-X. Li, B. Chao, and B.-Q. Li. High temperature filtrate loss reducerSCUR for drilling fluids from weathered coals. In Proceedings of the15th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 1998, 1369-1375.

as Electrode Constituent(1348) C. M. Wang and H. L. Li. Voltammetric behavior of mercury(I,II) ions

at an amide-functionalized humic acids modified carbon pasteelectrode. Electroanalysis 1998, 10(1), 44-49.

(1351) Q. Y. Sun, C. M. Wang, L. X. Li, and H. L. Li. Preconcentration andvoltammetric determination of palladium(II) at sodium humatemodified carbon paste electrodes. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 1999,363(1), 114-117.

(1474) Z. Navratilova and P. Kula. Carbon paste electrodes modified withclays and humic acids. Sci. Pap. Univ. Pardubice, Ser. A 1997, 3, 195-206.

(1475) E.-D. Jeong, M.-S. Won, and Y.-B. Shim. Cathode properties of alithium-ion secondary battery using LiCoO2 prepared by a complexformation reaction. J. Power Sources 1998, 70(1), 70-77.

(1476) Y. Zhao, M. Zhang, and Z. Zheng. Cathode additives for lead acidstorage battery. Dianyuan Jishu 1998, 22(3), 136-138.

as Fertilizer(1264) M. Uomori, H. Hayashi, F. Yazaki, and T. Yamaguchi. Characteristics

of Sapropel (lake-deposit). Mizu Kankyo Gakkaishi 1998, 21(8), 540-544.

(1279) W. J. Detroit, S. E. Lebo, Jr., and L. L. Bushar. Production of acidsoluble humates. EP 786,490 (July 30, 1997).

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(1344) A. L. R. Merce, S. C. Lombardi, A. S. Mangrich, N. M. Levy, and B.Szpoganicz. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of thecomplexed species of models of nitrohumic acids derived from phthalicacid. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 1998, 9(3), 231-242.

(1469) S. E. Lebo, Jr., K. R. Wirtz, and S. L. Dickman. Production of oxidizedhumic acids by an oxygen-alkali process. EP 786,491 (July 30, 1997).

(1477) V. P. Kruglov. An amino acid-containing oxidation product from humicacid-based solid fuels. WO 9,216,540 (October 1, 1992).

(1478) Z. Yu, J. Han, and X. Yu. Production process for nutritiousphotosynthetic liquid fertilizers. CN 1,072,920 (June 9, 1993).

(1479) M. Hofschneider. Liquid fertilizer comprising ammonium salt andvinasse. WO 9,726,228 (July 24, 1997).

(1480) A. Maciejewska, S. S. Gonet, and B. Debska. Properties of humic acidsin the soils refined with brown coal. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 1998, 31(1), 49-56.

(1481) T. Yue and P. Ma. Study on humic compound fertilizers of nitrogen andphosphorus. Lanzhou Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban 1998, 34(1), 81-84.

(1482) S. Cheng, L. Wu, Y. Liu, L. Chen, and X. Wang. Method for preparationof complex of humic acids and urea. CN 1,169,975 (January 14, 1998).

(1483) S. Cheng, L. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Liu, and L. Wu. High concentrative non-flocculent humic acid liquid fertilizer. CN 1,169,976 (January 14,1998).

(1484) G. Martin Blesa. Organic fertilizer enriched with trace elements. ES2,111,466 (March 1, 1998).

(1485) Z. Serita, Y. Watanabe, and A. Shigeki. Fertilizers and its applicationmethod. JP 10,087,389 (April 7, 1998).

(1486) J. Liu. Development of organic compound fertilizer by microbialfermentation method. Linfei Yu Fufei 1998, 13(4), 9-11.

(1487) K. Zhang and M. Qiu. Humic acid microbial compound fertilizer forgreen agriculture. Huanjing Baohu (Beijing) 1998, (12), 26-27.

(1488) J. Hedgpeth IV. Composition and method of manufacturing a liquidhumic acid based soil enhancer. US 5,876,479 (March 2, 1999).


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as Foundry Sand-Mold Additive(1489) C. R. Landis. Foundry binders with activated carbon and humic-acid

salts for sand molds and cores with decreased emission of volatileorganic compounds. US 5,688,313 (November 18, 1997).

(1490) C. R. Landis. Foundry and sand molding mixtures with humic acid orefor activation of added carbon to decrease volatile organic compoundsemitted in casting. US 5,695,554 (December 9, 1997).

(1491) C. R. Landis. Activated carbon foundry sand additives and method ofcasting metal for reduced VOC emissions. US 5,769,933 (June 23,1998).

as Fuel-Water Emulsifying Agent(1492) X. Huang. Emulsified fuel by blending water with heavy oils. CN

1,107,503 (August 30, 1995).

as Ink Additive(1493) T. Uemura, T. Iguchi, and Y. Iida. Light- and weather-resistant water-

thinned ink-jet inks. JP 10,219,165 (August 18, 1998).

(1494) I. Takagishi. Water-thinned ink-jet inks with good dispersing stability.JP 11,012,523 (January 19, 1999).

as Plastics Additive(1495) U. Schoenfeld. Polymeric industrial material based on swellable

natural material and its manufacture and use. DE 19,627,165(January 9, 1997).

as Resin Additive(1496) Q. Wang. Study on improving adsorption enrichment characteristics of

GDX 102 resin with humic acid. Shanghai Huanjing Kexue 1998,17(10), 26-28,45.

as Well-Drilling Leakage Inhibitor Additive(1498) Z. Peng, P. Liu, and Q. Wang. Leakage inhibitor manufactured from

natural plants for blocking walls in well drilling. CN 1,084,875 (April6, 1994).

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for Clarification of Wine, Musts, and Saps(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



for Decoloration, of Oils, Fats, and Waxes(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



for Dehydration of Viscous Fluids(1499) A. I. Shulgin, A. A. Shapovalov, and J. G. Putsykin. Humic concentrate

and method and apparatus for using it in water purification,dehydration of viscous fluids, treatment of toxic organic wastes, andutilization of resulting wastewater sludges. WO 9,830,076 (July 16,1998).

for Inhibition of Scale Formation(1500) D. L. Gallup. Inhibition of silicate scale formation. US 5,858,245

(January 12, 1999).

for Purification, of Oils, Fats, and Waxes(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



for Regeneration of Dry-Cleaning Solvents(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



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for Separation, of Oils, Fats, and Waxes(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



for Stabilization

of Beer(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay


of Oils, Fats, and Waxes(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay


(1446) F. D. Oeste. Processes for use of humic substances assorbents and binders. DE 19,633,753 (February 26, 1998).

for Suppression of Incinerator Emissions(1501) T. Mimura and A. Fukai. Method for suppressing dioxin emission

during waste incineration by using fuel containing humic acid. JP11,082,946 (March 26, 1999).

for Wastewater and Waste Products Treatment(1309) V. Misra, S. D. Pandey, and P. N. Viswanathan. Chemical approach to

study the environmental implications of humic and γ-HCH interaction.Chem. Ecol. 1998, 14(2), 97-106.

(1398) H. G. Sanjay, K. C. Srivastava, and D. S. Walia. Adsorbent. US5,906,960 (May 25, 1999).

(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay assorbents and binders for wide-spread applications. DE 19,633,737(February 26, 1998).


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(1499) A. I. Shulgin, A. A. Shapovalov, and J. G. Putsykin. Humic concentrateand method and apparatus for using it in water purification,dehydration of viscous fluids, treatment of toxic organic wastes, andutilization of resulting wastewater sludges. WO 9,830,076 (July 16,1998).

(1502) M. Rebhun, S. Meir, and Y. Laor. Using dissolved humic acid to removehydrophobic contaminants from water by complexation-flocculationprocess. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32(7), 981-986.

(1503) K. Kiyosawa. Manufacture of wastewater treatment agents. JP10,277,533 (October 20, 1998).

(1504) W. M. Jones, M. P. Doyle, and B. W. Page. Composition for solid wasteremediation. EP 903,185 (March 24, 1999).

(1505) Y. Ishida. Treatment of organic wastewater by humus pellets. JP11,090,478.

for Water Purification(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as



(1499) A. I. Shulgin, A. A. Shapovalov, and J. G. Putsykin. Humic concentrateand method and apparatus for using it in water purification,dehydration of viscous fluids, treatment of toxic organic wastes, andutilization of resulting wastewater sludges. WO 9,830,076 (July 16,1998).


in Agriculture(1506) A. Ishimoto and S. Yamamoto. Rind puffing-preventing agents

containing humic acids for citrus, and methods of prevention of citrusrind puffing by using them. JP 10,045,519 (February 17, 1998).

(1542) D. W. Robinson and J. G. D. Lamb, Eds., Peat in Horticulture; London:Academic, 1975.

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as Paper Mulch Sheet Additive(1507) Y. Mizuguchi and J. Osawa. Paper mulch sheets with low

moisture permeability for covering ground with improvedground temperature retention properties. JP 10,084,789(April 7, 1998).

(1508) Y. Mizuguchi and J. Osawa. Paper mulch sheets for paddyfields for prevention of growth of weeds. JP 10,084,790.

as Plant Protectant(1520) E. Diatloff, S. M. Harper, C. J. Asher, and F. W. Smith.

Effects of humic and fulvic acids on the rhizotoxicity oflanthanum and aluminum to corn. Aust. J. Soil Res. 1998,36(6), 913-919.

(1521) S. Ginting, B. B. Johnson, and S. Wilkens. Alleviation ofaluminum phytotoxicity on soybean growth by organicanions in nutrient solutions. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1998,25(8), 901-908.

as Plant-Growth Stimulant(1509) S. Teng. Q. Dai, and S. Gao. High-effect compound plant

promoting agent and preparing process. CN 1,088,566(June 29, 1994).

(1510) T. Z. Hou and J. S. Destito. Stimulation of Plant Growth.WO 9,625,849 (August 29, 1996).

(1511) S. He, J. Wang, and T. Luan. Preparation of multifunctionalvegetable seedling nutritious mother agent. CN 1,172,094(February 4, 1998).

(1512) F. Adani, P. Genevini, P. Zaccheo, and G. Zocchi. The effectof commercial humic acid on tomato plant growth andmineral nutrition. J. Plant Nutr. 1998, 21(3), 561-575.

(1513) C. E. Clapp, R. Liu, V. W. Cline, Y. Chen, and M. H. B.Hayes. Humic substances for enhancing turfgrass growth.Spec. Publ.–R. Soc. Chem. 1998, 228(Humic Substances),227-233.

(1514) R R. Dedolph. Plant growth promoter compositioncomprising BA, an alcohol, and a metal hydroxide. US5,744,424 (April 28, 1998).

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(1515) M. Kelting, J. R. Harris, J. Fanelli, and B. Appleton.Biostimulants and soil amendments affect two-yearposttransplant growth of red maple and Washingtonhawthorn. HortScience 1998, 33(5), 819-822.

(1516) C. Liu, R. J. Cooper, and D. C. Bowman. Humic acidapplication affects photosynthesis, root development, andnutrient content of creeping bentgrass. HortScience 1998,33(6), 1023-1025.

(1517) F. Tan and S. Gao. The effect of growth regulators on growthof cultured bulblets of Fritillaria unibracteata. ZhiwuZiyuan Yu Huanjing 1999, 8(1), 52-55.

(1518) M. Bohme. Effects of lactate, humate, and Bacillus subtilison the growth of tomato plants in hydroponic systems. ActaHortic. 1999, 481(Vol. 1, International Symposium onGrowing Media and Hydroponics, 1997), 231-239.

(1519) W.-H. Wang, C. M. Bray, and M. N. Jones. The fate of 14C-labeled humic substances in rice cells in culture. J. PlantPhysiol. 1999, 154(2), 203-211.

(1525) A. K. Alva and T. A. Obreza. Byproduct iron-humateincreases tree growth and fruit production of orange andgrapefruit. HortScience 1998, 33(1), 71-74.

(1542) D. W. Robinson and J. G. D. Lamb, Eds., Peat inHorticulture; London: Academic, 1975.

as Soil Amendment

(1522) M. Kyozawa and M. Harada. Amendment which renderssoil nonrepellent for water. JP 03,247,690 (November 5,1991).

(1523) J. J. Mounier. Composition for seeding uncultivated soil.EP 610,150 (August 10, 1994).

(1524) W. P. Moore. Citrate-soluble slow-release iron humate. US5,354,350 (October 11, 1994).

(1525) A. K. Alva and T. A. Obreza. Byproduct iron-humateincreases tree growth and fruit production of orange andgrapefruit. HortScience 1998, 33(1), 71-74.

(1526) M. Okutsu and M. Hirayama. Soil amendment containingsulfur and humic acids. JP 06,116,558 (April 26, 1994).

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for Prevention of Rind Puffing, in Citrus(1506) A. Ishimoto and S. Yamamoto. Rind puffing-preventing

agents containing humic acids for citrus, and methods ofprevention of citrus rind puffing by using them. JP10,045,519 (February 17, 1998).

in Dye Manufacturing(1527) J. Vernille and S. Williams. Lightfast properties of azo and polycyclic

aromatic imaging dyes. Proc. SPIE–Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 1998,3302(Digital Solid State Cameras: Designs and Applications), 130-137.

in Folklore and Medicine(1445) F. D. Oeste. Reaction products of humic substances with clay as






in Foodstuffs(1528) R. Dunkel, H. Knauf, M. Kuehnert, and R. Nessensohn. Lignocellulosic

products from humic substance containing natural materials. DE19,650,317 (June 10, 1998).

in Liquid Developers for Electrophotography(1497) K. Tsubuko and K. Nagai. Electrophotographic toner from flushing

olefinic resin with colorant solution optionally containing humic acidcomponent. DE 3,808,226 (September 22, 1988).

in Packaging Materials(1529) K. Demura, H. Morogoshi, and H. Sakurai. Biodegradable bags for

packaging agricultural materials. JP 10,120,020 (May 12, 1998).

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in Silicon Carbide Ceramics(1530) A. Sugano and T. Horiuchi. Manufacture of silicon carbide ceramics.

JP 10,194,837 (July 28, 1998).

in Soil Remediation(1332) L. Kolar and R. Ledvina. Chemisorption of cadmium in soil with a

sorbent based on humic acids. Sb.-Jihoceska Univ., Zemed. Fak. CeskeBudejovice, Fytotech. Rada 1998, 15(1), 99-109.

(1333) L. Kolar and R. Ledvina. Chemisorption of cadmium in soil with asorbent based on humic acids. Sb.-Jihoceska Univ., Zemed. Fak. CeskeBudejovice, Fytotech. Rada 1998, 15(2), 3-13.

(1531) W. Kordel, H. Kloppel, and K. Hund. In-situ bioremediation: increase ofeffectivity by the addition of humic acids. In Proceedings of the 6thInternational FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil; London:Telford, 1998; Vol. 2, 909-910.

(1532) E. Tutem, R. Apak, K. Guclu, and J. Hizal. Feasibility ofdecontamination of lead-polluted soil by aqueous sodium chloride andsodium humate solutions. In Proceedings of the 6th InternationalFZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil; London: Telford, 1998;Vol. 2, 1179-1180.

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Therapeutic Applications

Anti-Microbial Properties(1288) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract materials and

medicaments based thereon. WO 9,834,629 (August 13, 1998).


(1533) M. J. Lemke, P. F. Churchill, and R. G. Wetzel. Humic acid interactionwith extracellular layers of wetland bacteria. Verh.-Int. Ver. Theor.Angew. Limnol. 1998, 26(4), 1621-1624.

Patents on(1288) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract

materials and medicaments based thereon. WO 9,834,629(August 13, 1998).

(1501) T. Mimura and A. Fukai. Method for suppressing dioxinemission during waste incineration by using fuel containinghumic acid. JP 11,082,946 (March 26, 1999).

Bacillus subtillis(1535) C. Crecchio and G. Stotzky. Binding of DNA on humic acids:

effect on transformation of Bacillus subtilis and resistance toDNase. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1998, 30(8/9), 1061-1067.

Microcystis aeruginosa(1534) N. Ohkubo, O. Yagi, and M. Okada. Effects of humic and

fulvic acids on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. Environ.Technol. 1998, 19(6), 611-617.

Anti-Mutagenic Properties(1537) N. V. Sevostianova. The antimutagenic effect of gumizol in cultures of

blood T-lymphocytes exposed to cyclophosphane. Vopr. Kurortol.Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998, (4), 46-47.

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Anti-Viral Properties

Patents on(1288) R. J. Laub. Process for preparing synthetic soil-extract

materials and medicaments based thereon. WO 9,834,629(August 13, 1998).

Hepatitis(1538) E. F. Levitskii, D. I. Kuzmenko, G. N. Sidorenko, B. I. Laptev,

and E. I. Dzhuraeva. The effect of the combined action ofapplications of sapropel and of a nonuniform permanentmagnetic field on the dynamics of the recovery processes indamage to the liver parenchyma (experimental research).Vopr. Kurortol. Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998, (2), 35-36.

(1439) D. I. Kuzmenko, G. N. Sidorenko, E. F. Levitskii, B. I. Laptev,and E. I. Dzhuraeva. A comparative evaluation of the effect ofdifferent types of sapropel on dynamic liver function in intactrats and in the modeling of toxic hepatitis. Vopr. Kurortol.Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998, (2), 37-38.

Influenza A (Hong Kong/68; England/72) and B(Singapore/79)

Mechanisms of Drug Action(1536) A. C. Balazs, C. Singh, and E. Zhulina. Stabilizing

properties of copolymers adsorbed on heterogeneoussurfaces: a model for the interactions between apolymer-coated influenza virus and a cell.Macromolecules 1998, 31(18), 6369-6379.

for Hepatic Function(1538) E. F. Levitskii, D. I. Kuzmenko, G. N. Sidorenko, B. I. Laptev, and E. I.

Dzhuraeva. The effect of the combined action of applications ofsapropel and of a nonuniform permanent magnetic field on thedynamics of the recovery processes in damage to the liver parenchyma(experimental research). Vopr. Kurortol. Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998,(2), 35-36.

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(1439) D. I. Kuzmenko, G. N. Sidorenko, E. F. Levitskii, B. I. Laptev, and E. I.Dzhuraeva. A comparative evaluation of the effect of different types ofsapropel on dynamic liver function in intact rats and in the modeling oftoxic hepatitis. Vopr. Kurortol. Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult. 1998, (2), 37-38.

for Willebrand Disease(1539) A. Dobrkovska, U. Krzensk, and J. R. Chediak. Pharmacokinetics,

efficacy and safety of Humate-P in von Willebrand disease.Haemophilia 1998, 4(Suppl. 3), 33-39.

-72-

Author Index

Abate, G. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Abbt-Braun, G. (1388), 42.Adani, F. (1512), 15, 72.Afanas’eva, G. V. (1297), 21, 41, 51; (1298), 21, 41, 51; (1390), 40, 42, 51.Akim, L. G. (1299), 22, 53; (1425), 42, 54.Alberts, J. J. (1326), 12, 27, 44.Ali, H. F. (1353), 30; (1354), 13, 30, 34, 36, 44; (1358), 13, 31, 34, 36, 44, 47, 57.Allen, H. E. (1341), 29.Allen, P. G. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45.Almeida, A. A. N. (1347), 30.Almendros, G. (1424), 49, 54.Alva, A. K. (1525), 72, 73.Amarasiriwardena, D. (1319), 26, 36, 41, 46.Ambles, A. (1263), 4, 54; (1412), 15, 54; (1416), 52, 54.Apak, R. (1532), 74.Appleton, B. (1515), 72.Asher, C. J. (1520), 71.Avena, M. J. (1434), 57.

Bailey, G. W. (1299), 22, 53; (1425), 42, 54.Balazs, A. C. (1536), 76.Balcke, G. (1420), 39, 41, 52.Ballarin, B. (1392), 42, 56.Bambalov, N. N. (1275), 11, 24.Barth, H. G. (1387), 42.Bartiatynski, J. M. (1310), 25.Bazarova, O. (1284), 12, 46.Bazhenov, D. A. (1415), 52.Beck, H. P. (1304), 22, 26.Behar, F. (1276), 11, 38, 40, 51.Benedetti, M. F. (1323), 27.Benny, N. (1269), 10.Bernhard, G. (1366), 14, 16, 18, 32.Bhattacharya, P. (1338), 28.Bianco, P. (1335), 28, 34.Birkett, J. W. (1408), 49, 55.Bisesi, M. S. (1545), 17.Bleam, W. F. (1386), 48, 55.Boavida, M.-J. (1436), 58.

-73-

Boettger, M. (1428), 22, 51, 53.Bohme, M. (1518), 72.Borkovec, M. (1322), 27.Bortiatynski, J. (1269), 10; (1310), 25, 47.Bowman, D. C. (1516), 9, 72.Boyes, B. E. (1387), 42.Brachmann, A. (1366), 14, 16, 18, 32.Brar, M. S. (1373), 20, 36, 41, 45, 57.Bray, C. M. (1519), 4, 47, 72.Briggs, D. E. G. (1414), 40, 51, 54.Bryan, N. D. (1408), 49, 55; (1410), 20, 25, 33, 53; (1433), 23.Bubner, M. (1286), 16, 25; (1287), 16, 26; (1289), 16, 44; (1291), 16, 17, 26; (1366),

14, 16, 18, 32; (1367), 14, 17, 18, 37, 45; (1370), 32, 34.Buchner, J. J. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45.Bulman, R. A. (1360), 31, 43; (1395), 33, 43.Burauel, P. (1377), 18, 39, 48.Burba, P. (1255), 3, 19, 24, 25, 38, 52.Bushar, L. L. (1279), 11, 65.Butler, G. C. (1325), 27, 42, 43.Butuzova, L. (1284), 12, 46.

Cabaniss, S. E. (1401), 21, 23, 45.Cai, Z. (1280), 11.Carter, J. F. (1414), 40, 51, 54.Cassman, K. G. (1258), 4, 47; (1403), 50.Castro, M. P. O. (1347), 30.Catalano, L. (1345), 13, 29.Cataldo, F. (1290), 16, 36, 44, 47, 54.Ceppi, S. B. (1294), 12, 20, 24, 34.Cha, D. K. (1341), 29.Chao, B. (1473), 65.Chardon, W. J. (1346), 13, 29, 36, 50.Chase, H. A. (1422), 52.Chediak, J. R. (1539), 60, 77.Chefetz, B. (1269), 10.Chen, C.-H. (1441), 59.Chen. L. (1482), 66; (1483), 66.Chen, Q. (1461), 63.Chen, Y. (1269), 10; (1513), 9, 16, 72.Cheng, S. (1482), 66; (1483), 66.Chiavari, G. (1383), 40, 48.Chiba, T. (1393), 43.Chien, Y.-Y. (1386), 48, 55.

-74-

Chin, Y.-P. (1356), 31, 49; (1357), 31, 49.Choppin, G. R. (1321), 27.Chorover, J. (1310), 25, 47.Christman, R. F. (1429), 42, 53.Churchill, P. F. (1533), 75.Ciavatta, C. (1277), 11, 20, 38, 44, 47, 50; (1295), 12, 20, 38; (1421), 15, 45, 52.Cieslewicz, J. (1372), 33, 36.Clapp, C. E. (1513), 9, 16, 72.Clayton, C. R. (1395), 33, 43.Clayton, R. F. (1395), 33, 43.Cline, V. W. (1513), 9, 16, 72.Conte, P. (1389), 42, 55.Conzonno, V. H. (1267), 10.Cooper, R. J. (1516), 9, 72.Crecchio, C. (1535), 75.Crist, DeL. R. (1318), 26.Crist, R. H. (1318), 26.Cronje, I. J. (1281), 11.Czerwinski, K. R. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45.

Da Silva, M. (1276), 11, 38, 40, 51.Dai, Q. (1509), 71.Dai, Y. (1461), 63.Danchenko, N. N. (1308), 23.Davies, G. (1271), 10, 22, 52, 56; (1407), 37, 49, 53; (1435), 58.De Nobili, M. (1345), 13, 29.De Pauli, Y. C. P. (1294), 12, 20, 24, 34.Debska, B. (1371), 20, 36; (1480), 66.Dedolph, R. R. (1514), 72.Dementjev, A. P. (1370), 32, 34.Demin, V. V. (1334), 13, 28.Demura, K. (1455), 63; (1457), 63; (1529), 74.Denecke, M. A. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45.Dergacheva, M. I. (1405), 4, 33, 48.Destito, J. S. (1510), 71.Detroit, W. J. (1279), 11, 65.Diatloff, E. (1520), 71.Dick, D. P. (1379), 14, 20, 37, 39, 53.Dickman, S. L. (1469), 15, 64, 66.Dite, M. V. (1275), 11, 24.Dobrkovska, A. (1539), 60, 77.Dolins, J. (1346), 13, 29, 36, 50.D’Orazio, V. (1262), 4, 19, 34, 35, 37, 44, 56; (1380), 14, 20, 35, 37, 38, 39, 45.

-75-

Doyle, M. P. (1504), 70.Du, J. (1376), 37.Duan, D. (1280), 11.Duarte, A. C. (1431), 4, 33.Dunkel, R. (1528), 4, 62, 74.Dzhuraeva, E. I. (1439), 59, 76, 77; (1538), 76, 77.

Edelstein, N. M. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45.Engebretson, R. (1391), 42.Esteves, V. I. (1431), 4, 33.Evershed, R. P. (1414), 40, 51, 54.

Fabbri, D. (1383), 40, 48.Fadeeva, V. P. (1405), 4, 33, 48.Falzoni, A. (1295), 12, 20, 38.Fan, J. (1280), 11.Fanelli, J. (1515), 72.Fang, H. (1280), 11.Fataftah, A. (1271), 10, 22, 52, 56.Fernandez Cirelli, A. (1267), 10.Fetsch, D. (1300), 22; (1302), 22, 55; (1306), 23; (1317), 12, 21, 26.Fetsch, M. (1306), 23.Filip, Z. (1326), 12, 27, 44.Formaro, L. (1296), 4, 20, 26.Francioso, O. (1277), 11, 20, 38, 44, 47, 50; (1421), 15, 45, 52.Freitag, D. (1301), 22; (1305), 22, 47, 56.Frimmel, F. H. (1388), 42.Fu, X. (1462), 63; (1463), 17, 39, 63.Fuchsman, C. H. (1543), 3, 64.Fujitake, N. (1378), 14, 41, 56.Fukai, A. (1501), 64, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75.Fukushima, M. (1339), 29.Furlan, M. (1278), 11, 44, 56.

Galletti, G. C. (1383), 40, 48.Gallup, D. L. (1500), 68.Gao, R. (1438), 59.Gao, S. (1509), 71; (1517), 72.Garcia-Ramos, J. V. (1421), 15, 45, 52.Garmash, A. V. (1308), 23.Garrison, A. W. (1301), 22; (1305), 22, 47, 56.Gavriliuk, V. G. (1465), 64.Geipel, G. (1366), 14, 16, 18, 32.

-76-

Genevini, P. (1512), 15, 72.Geng, A.-C. (1330), 13, 28; (1331), 28.Gessa, C. (1277), 11, 20, 38, 44, 47, 50; (1295), 12, 20, 38; (1421), 15, 45.Ghabbour, E. A. (1271), 10, 22, 52, 56; (1407), 37, 49, 53; (1435), 58.Ghantous, L. (1335), 28, 34.Ghosal, D. N. (1338), 28.Ghosh, D. (1260), 4, 19, 20, 35, 47, 50.Ginting, S. (1521), 71.Gobe, V. (1263), 4, 54.Goliadze, N. (1256), 3.Gomes, J. (1379), 14, 20, 37, 39, 53.Gonet, S. S. (1371), 20, 36; (1372), 33, 36; (1480), 66.Gonzalez-Vila, F. J. (1424), 49, 54.Grasset, L. (1263), 4, 54; (1412), 15, 54; (1416), 52, 54.Greenwood, P. F. (1382), 40.Guadalix, M. E. (1424), 49, 54.Guclu, K. (1532), 74.Guczi, J. (1360), 31, 43.Guthrie, E. A. (1382), 40.

Haakenson, T. J. (1375), 32, 37, 39, 47, 53.Hahn, L. C. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Hall, A. (1350), 30.Han, J. (1478), 66.Hanninen, K. (1270), 10, 40, 51.Harada, M. (1522), 73.Haraoka, T. (1458), 63.Harper, S. M. (1520), 71.Harris, J. R. (1515), 72.Hartenstein, R. (1545), 17.Hassett, D. J. (1545), 17.Hatcher, P. G. (1269), 10; (1310), 25, 47; (1382), 40.Havel, J. (1300), 22; (1302), 22, 55; (1306), 23; (1317), 12, 21, 26.Hayashi, H. (1264), 4, 10, 19, 21, 35, 50, 65.Hayes, M. H. B. (1320), 27, 34; (1411), 53; (1513), 9, 16, 72.He, S. (1511), 71.Heaton, H. (1540), 52.Hedgpeth IV, J. (1488), 67.Heise, K.-H. (1257), 3, 19, 24, 35; (1266), 10; (1274), 11, 19, 24, 36, 38, 41; (1286),

16, 25; (1287), 16, 26; (1289), 16, 44; (1291), 16, 17, 26; (1366), 14, 16, 18, 32;(1367), 14, 17, 18, 37, 45; (1370), 32, 34.

Helal, A. A. (1353), 30; (1354), 13, 30, 34, 36, 44; (1358), 13, 31, 34, 36, 44, 47, 57.Henrique Rosa, A. (1278), 11, 44, 56.

-77-

Hermosin, B. (1390), 40, 42, 51; (1413), 17, 51.Hertkorn, N. (1305), 22, 47, 56.Hesse, S. (1388), 42.Hill, M. (1391), 42.Hirayama, M. (1467), 64; (1526), 73.Higal, J. (1532), 74.Hofmanova, J. (1437), 59, 60; (1440), 59.Hofschneider, M. (1479), 66.Hoiland, H. (1330), 13, 28; (1331), 28.Hola, J. (1440), 59.Hong, Q. (1438), 59.Horiuchi, T. (1530), 74.Hoshino, M. (1470), 64.Hou, T. Z. (1510), 71.Howard, D. M. (1261), 4, 19, 35.Howard, P. J. A. (1261), 4, 19, 35.Hradilova, M. (1302), 22, 55.Hseu, Y.-C. (1442), 17, 60.Hu, B. (1461), 63.Hu, W. (1407), 37, 49, 53.Huang, L.-R. (1441), 59.Huang, P. M. (1546), 17; (1547), 17.Huang, T. (1438), 59.Huang, T.-S. (1441), 59.Huang, X. (1492), 67.Huettig, G. (1428), 22, 51, 53.Hund, K. (1531), 74.Hyotylainen, J. (1270), 10, 40, 51.

Ichihashi, K. (1444), 60.Ichimura, A. (1444), 60.Iguchi, T. (1493), 67.Iida, Y. (1493), 67.Imam, D. M. (1353), 30; (1354), 13, 30, 34, 36, 44.Indig, G. L. (1311), 25.Ishida, Y. (1505), 46, 70.Ishimoto, A. (1506), 71, 73.Ito, Y. (1313), 25.Ivashkevich, L. S. (1402), 15, 38, 46, 50.Izimura, K. (1456), 63; (1460), 63.

Jackson, C. (1387), 42.Jander, R. (1286), 16, 25; (1287), 16, 26; (1289), 16, 44; (1291), 16, 17, 26.

-78-

Jansen, S. A. (1426), 55; (1435), 58; (1540), 52.Japenga, J. (1346), 13, 29, 36, 50.Jeong, E.-D. (1475), 65.Jimenez, J. A. C. (1311), 25.Jintoku, T. (1355), 30.Jirku, V. (1466), 58, 64.Johnson, B. B. (1521), 71.Jones II, G. (1311), 25.Jones, M. N. (1408), 49, 55; (1410), 20, 25, 33, 53; (1433), 23; (1519), 4, 47, 72.Jones, W. M. (1504), 70.

Kandrac, J. (1324), 27, 39.Katalin, V. B. (1268), 10, 21, 35, 37, 46.Kawahigashi, M. (1378), 14, 41, 56.Kelting, M. (1515), 72.Kennedy, K. R. (1406), 15, 45, 48.Kettrup, A. (1301), 22; (1305), 22, 47, 56.Keuth, U. (1304), 22, 26.Khalifa, S. M. (1353), 30.Khoperia, T. (1256), 3.Khungar, S. C. (1282), 11.Kim, J. I. (1363), 13, 31; (1364), 14, 32; (1365), 14, 32.Kim, S. D. (1341), 29.King, S. J. (1350), 30; (1361), 31.Kingery, W. L. (1320), 27, 34.Kinniburgh, D. G. (1323), 27.Kiyosawa, K. (1503), 46, 70.Klavins, M. (1259), 4, 19, 35, 47.Kloppel, H. (1531), 74.Knauf, H. (1528), 4, 62, 74.Knuutinen, J. (1270), 10, 40, 51.Koblinger-Bokori, E. (1360), 31, 43.Kolar, L. (1332), 13, 28, 74; (1333), 13, 28, 74.Kolla, S. (1435), 58; (1540), 52.Komatsubara, S. (1464), 64.Konno, A. (1470), 64.Koopal, L. K. (1323), 27; (1394), 43; (1397), 25, 43; (1434), 57.Kopinke, F.-D. (1420), 39, 41, 52.Kordel, W. (1531), 74.Kovalevskii, D. V. (1388), 42.Kovarikova, M. (1437), 59, 60; (1440), 59.Kozakova, E. (1324), 27, 39.Kozubik, A. (1437), 59, 60; (1440), 59.

-79-

Kravtsov, A. V. (1415), 52.Kruglov, V. P. (1477), 62, 66.Krysenko, A. V. (1465), 64.Krzensk, U. (1539), 60, 77.Krzton, A. (1284), 12, 46.Kudryavtsev, A. V. (1308), 23; (1388), 42.Kuehnert, M. (1528), 4, 62, 74.Kula, P. (1474), 65.Kusinska, A. (1374), 36.Kuzmenko, D. I. (1439), 59, 76, 77; (1538), 76, 77.Kyozawa, M. (1522), 73.

Lamb, J. G. D. (1542), 3, 71, 72.Landis, C. R. (1489), 67; (1490), 67; (1491), 67.Laor, Y. (1502), 70.Laptev, B. I. (1439), 59, 76, 77; (1538), 76, 77.Laszlo, H. (1268), 10, 21, 35, 37, 46.Laub, R. J. (1288), 16, 75, 76.Lebedev, A. M. (1370), 32, 34.Leblond, C. (1276), 11, 38, 40, 51.Lebo, Jr., S. E. (1279), 11, 65; (1469), 15, 64, 65.Leckie, J. O. (1342), 21, 29.Ledvina, R. (1332), 13, 28, 74; (1333), 13, 28, 74.Lee, G. S. H. (1403), 48.Lee, Y. (1441), 59.Leinenbach, A. (1304), 22, 26.Leinweber, P. (1417), 40, 54.Leita, L. (1345), 13, 29.Lemee, L. (1263), 4, 54.Lemke, M. J. (1533), 75.Levitskii, E. F. (1439), 59, 76, 77; (1538), 76, 77.Levy, N. M. (1344), 29, 66.Li, B.-Q. (1473), 65.Li, H. L. (1337), 28; (1348), 30, 65; (1351), 30, 65.Li, K. (1315), 25.Li, L. X. (1351), 30, 65.Li, S.-X. (1473), 65.Liang, H.-J. (1541), 39, 58.Lichtfouse, E. (1276), 11, 38, 40, 51.Lichtig, J. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Lima, E. C. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Lin, Z. (1359), 31.Lindner, P. W. (1328), 27.

-80-

Liu, C. (1438), 59; (1516), 9, 72.Liu, J. (1486), 66.Liu, P. (1498), 68.Liu, R. (1513), 9, 16, 72.Liu, W. (1315), 25.Liu, Y. (1482), 66; (1483), 66.Livens, F. R. (1408), 49, 55; (1433), 23.Lofts, S. (1327), 27.Lojek, A. (1437), 59, 60.Lojou, E. (1335), 28, 34.Lombardi, S. C. (1344), 29, 66.Lowe, L. E. (1261), 4, 19, 35.Lu, F. (1438), 59.Lu, F.-J. (1441), 59; (1442); 17, 60; (1541), 39, 58.Luan, T. (1511), 71.Lubal, P. (1317), 12, 21, 26.Luo, H. (1448), 62.

Ma, H. (1341), 29.Ma, P. (1481), 66.Maciejewska, A. (1480), 66.Mahieu, N. (1258), 4, 47; (1403), 50.Makarov, M. I. (1409), 15, 49, 50.Makharadze, G. A. (1256), 3; (1381), 39.Malfara, D. L. (1435), 58.Malley, D. F. (1399), 45.Mangrich, A. S. (1344), 29, 66.Mao, J. (1407), 37, 49, 53.Mao, X. (1385), 33, 46, 48.Markova, L. F. (1297), 21, 41, 51; (1298), 21, 41, 51.Marquardt, C. (1363), 13, 31; (1364), 14, 32; (1365), 14, 32.Martin, D. (1260), 4, 19, 20, 35, 47, 50.Martin, F. (1424), 49, 54.Martin, J. R. (1318), 26.Martin Blesa, G. (1484), 66.Masini, J. C. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Maslov, S. G. (1415), 52.Matsumoto, T. (1450), 62; (1451), 62.Matthiessen, A. (1349), 30.Matyas, P. (1268), 10, 21, 35, 37, 46.Mazhul’, V. M. (1402), 15, 38, 46, 50.Meir, S. (1502), 70.Merce, A. L. R. (1344), 29, 66.

-81-

Mertig, M. (1428), 22, 51, 53.Miikki, V. (1270), 10, 40, 51; (1400), 33, 45.Mikita, M. A. (1549), 49.Mikulaj, V. (1423), 52.Milligan, M. S. (1443), 60.Mimura, T. (1501), 64, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75.Minai, Y. (1362), 31, 38.Minnaard, A. J. (1394), 43.Misra, V. (1309), 24, 69.Mizuguchi, Y. (1507), 71; (1508), 71.Mongardi, M. (1383), 40, 48.Montanari, L. (1383), 40, 48.Montecchio, D. (1295), 12, 20, 38.Moore, W. P. (1524), 73.Mori, A. (1345), 13, 29.Morogoshi, H. (1529), 74.Mota, A. M. (1368), 32, 33, 34.Mothes, S. (1420), 39, 41, 52.Moulin, V. (1313), 25.Mounier, J. J. (1523), 73.Moyer, J. (1540), 52.Muranova, T. A. (1297), 21, 41, 51; (1298), 21, 41, 51.Musa, A. (1396), 43.

Nagai, K. (1497), 74.Nagao, S. (1313), 25.Nagatomy, H. R. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Nakaidze, I. (1256), 3.Nakamura, M. S. (1307), 21, 23, 44, 50.Nakashima, S. (1313), 25; (1467), 64.Nakayasu, K. (1339), 29.Nakazawa, S. (1472), 65.Naumova, G. V. (1402), 15, 38, 46, 50.Navratilova, Z. (1474), 65.Nefedov, V. I. (1370), 32, 34.Nessensohn, R. (1528), 4, 62, 74.Netikova, J. (1437), 59, 60.Nicolai, R. (1257), 3, 19, 24, 35; (1289), 16, 44; (1291), 16, 17, 26.Niessner, R. (1312), 25.Nitsche, H. (1257), 3, 19, 24, 35; (1266), 10; (1274), 11, 19, 24, 36, 38, 41; (1286),

16, 25; (1287), 16, 26; (1289), 16, 44; (1291), 16, 17, 26; (1366), 14, 16, 18, 32;(1367), 14, 17, 18, 37, 45; (1370), 32, 34; (1428), 22, 51, 53.

-82-

Obreza, T. A. (1525), 72, 73.Oeste, F. D. (1445), 43, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 73; (1446), 43, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 73.Ohama, Y. (1455), 63; (1456), 63; (1457), 63; (1460), 63.Ohashi, H. (1355), 30.Ohkubo, N. (1534), 75.Ohmura, T. (1459), 63.Ojiri, K. (1467), 64.Okada, M. (1534), 75.Okuda, T. (1464), 64.Okutsu, M. (1526), 73.Olk, D. C. (1258), 4, 47; (1403), 50.O’Loughlin, E. (1356), 31, 49; (1357), 31, 49.Orlov, D. S. (1334), 13, 28.Osawa, J. (1507), 71; (1508), 71.Osterberg, R. (1303), 12, 20, 22; (1340), 29.Ovchinnikova, T. F. (1402), 15, 38, 46, 50.

Paciolla, M. D. (1435), 58; (1540), 52.Page, B. W. (1504), 70.Pan, V. (1310), 25, 47.Pan, X. (1462), 63; (1463), 17, 39, 63.Pandey, S. D. (1309), 24, 69.Paolini, J. (1262), 4, 19, 34, 35, 37, 44, 56; (1380), 14, 20, 35, 37, 38, 39, 45.Pashchenko, L. V. (1283), 12.Pastorelli, C. (1296), 4, 20, 26.Pavlovskaya, N. A. (1402), 15, 38, 46, 50.Pena Mendez, E. M. (1302), 22, 55; (1306), 23.Peng, A. (1314), 12, 25; (1369), 14, 34, 36, 37, 45, 57.Peng, Z. (1498), 68.Perdue, E. M. (1301), 22.Perminova, I. V. (1308), 23; (1388), 42.Peuravuori, J. (1265), 10, 19, 35, 38.Philipp, H. (1404), 25, 48.Piccolo, A. (1389), 42, 55.Pihlaja, K. (1265), 10, 19, 35, 38.Pinheiro, J. P. (1368), 32, 33, 34.Poerschmann, J. (1420), 39, 41, 52.Pompe, S. (1257), 3, 19, 24, 35; (1274), 24; (1286), 16, 25; (1287), 16, 26; (1289), 16,

44; (1291), 16, 17, 26; (1366), 14, 16, 18, 32; (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45; (1370),32, 34; (1428), 22, 51, 53.

Pospisil, F. (1466), 58, 64.Provenzano, M. R. (1400), 33, 45.Putsykin, J. G. (1499), 15, 68, 70.

-83-

Qiu, M. (1487), 66.

Radwan, A. (1271), 10, 22, 52, 56.Ran, N. (1461), 63.Randall, E. W. (1258), 4, 47; (1403), 50.Rauret, G. (1432), 23, 56.Rebhun, M. (1502), 70.Reich, T. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45; (1370), 32, 34.Revia, R. L. (1381), 39.Reznikova, O. I. (1297), 21, 41, 51; (1298), 21, 41, 51; (1390), 40, 42, 51.Ricca, G. (1296), 4, 20, 26.Richman, J. (1310), 25, 47.Rigol, A. (1432), 23, 56.Rivero, C. (1262), 4, 19, 34, 35, 37, 44, 56; (1380), 14, 20, 35, 37, 38, 39, 45.Robbins, D. A. (1443), 60.Robertson, A. P. (1342), 21, 29.Robinson, D. W. (1542), 3, 71, 72.Rocha, J. C. (1278), 11, 44, 56.Roggelin, C. (1377), 18, 39, 47.Rosinha, P. B. (1379), 14, 20, 37, 39, 53.Ruiz-Haas, P. (1319), 26, 36, 41, 46.Rusch, U. (1322), 27.

Saiz-Jimenez, C. (1390), 40, 42, 51; (1413), 17, 51.Sakurai, H. (1455), 63; (1456), 63; (1457), 63; (1460), 63; (1529), 74.Samadfam, M. (1355), 30.Sanchez-Cortes, S. (1277), 11, 20, 38, 44, 47, 50; (1421), 15, 45, 52.Sanjay, H. G. (1398), 43, 69.Sano, M. (1470), 64.Saranchuk, V. I. (1283), 12.Sardessai, S. (1384), 23, 48.Sasaki, K. (1339), 29.Sato, S. (1355), 30.Schimpf, M. (1391), 42.Schmeide, K. (1257), 3, 19, 24, 35; (1266), 10; (1274), 11, 19, 24, 36, 38, 41.Schmidt-Rohr, K. (1407), 37, 49, 53.Schmitt-Koppelin, Ph. (1301), 22; (1305), 22, 47, 56; (1425), 42, 54.Schnitzer, M. (1417), 40, 54.Schoenfeld, U. (1495), 67.Schulten, H.-R. (1417), 40, 54; (1419), 40, 46, 55; (1427), 55.Schuster, G. (1286), 16, 25; (1287), 16, 26.Scotti, R. (1383), 40, 48.Sedlarova, R. (1466), 58, 64.

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Seeber, R. (1295), 12, 20, 38; (1392), 42, 56.Sein, Jr., L. T. (1426), 55; (1435), 58; (1540), 52.Senesi, N. (1262), 4, 19, 34, 35, 37, 44, 56; (1380), 14, 20, 35, 37, 38, 39, 45; (1400),

33, 45.Serita, Z. (1485), 66.Severini, F. (1296), 4, 20, 26.Sevostianova, N. V. (1537), 75.Shaban, I. S. (1423), 52.Shakirov, M. M. (1405), 4, 33, 48.Shanbhag, V. M. (1320), 27, 34.Shapovalov, A. A. (1499), 15, 68, 70.Shcherbin, D. G. (1402), 15, 38, 46, 50.Shen, J. (1461), 63.Shendrik, T. G. (1272), 10, 35; (1283), 12.Shevchenko, S. M. (1299), 22, 53.Shifang, L. (1336), 13, 28, 41.Shigeki, A. (1485), 66.Shim, Y.-B. (1475), 65.Shindo, H. (1546), 17; (1547), 17; (1548), 17.Shirshova, L. (1303), 12, 20, 22; (1340), 29.Shuh, D. K. (1367), 14, 17, 18, 32, 37, 45.Shulgin, A. I. (1499), 15, 68, 70.Sidamonidze, G. (1256), 3.Sidorenko, G. N. (1439), 59, 76, 77; (1538), 76, 77.Silva, S. C. (1347), 30.Simoes Goncalves, M. L. S. (1368), 32, 33, 34.Simon, E. (1312), 25.Simpson, A. J. (1320), 27, 34.Singh, A. P. (1373), 20, 36, 41, 45, 57.Singh, C. (1536), 76.Siroky, D. (1317), 12, 21, 26.Skerstupp, B. (1352), 30.Skliar, T. V. (1465), 64.Smith, F. W. (1520), 71.Smith, M. B. (1414), 40, 51, 54.Soares, H. M. V. M. (1347), 30.Soucek, K. (1437), 59, 60; (1440), 59.Srivastava, K. C. (1285), 12; (1293), 18; (1398), 43, 69.Srivastava, P. C. (1260), 4, 19, 20, 35, 47, 50.Stankiewicz, B. A. (1414), 40, 51, 54.Stotzky, G. (1535), 75.Suda, K. (1467), 64.Sugano, A. (1530), 74.

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Sumi, K. (1455), 63.Sun, H. (1280), 11.Sun, Q. Y. (1351), 30, 65.Suzuki, M. (1456), 63; (1457), 63; (1460), 63.Suzuki, S.-I. (1464), 64.Szabo, G. (1360), 31, 43; (1395), 33, 43.Szpoganicz, B. (1344), 29, 66.

Tadenuma, S. (1450), 62; (1451), 62; (1454), 63.Takagi, K. (1458), 63.Takagi, M. (1458), 63.Takagishi, I. (1494), 67.Takahashi, K. (1464), 64.Takahashi, T. (1329), 12, 23, 28, 44, 50, 56.Takahashi, Y. (1362), 31, 39.Takamiya, N. (1472), 65.Takesako, H. (1329), 12, 23, 28, 44, 50, 56.Tan, F. (1517), 72.Tanaka, S. (1339), 29.Tang, X. (1447), 62.Tao, T. (1418), 40, 49.Tao, Z. (1376), 37.Tarchitzky, J. (1269), 10.Tarnovskaya, L. I. (1415), 52.Tate III, R. L. (1253), 3.Tatsumi, K. (1452), 62; (1453), 63.Teng, S. (1509), 71.Teng, X. (1376), 37.Teranishi, K. (1444), 60.Teterin, A. Yu. (1370), 32, 34.Teterin, Yu. A. (1370), 32, 34.Theunissen, P. L. M. (1394), 43.Tikhova, V. D. (1405), 4, 33, 48.Tipping, E. (1316), 26; (1327), 27.Toerne, K. A. (1375), 32, 37, 39, 47, 53.Tominaga, T. (1362), 31, 39.Tonelli, D. (1295), 12, 20, 38; (1392), 41, 56.Tosiani, T. (1343), 29.Traina, S. (1356), 31, 49; (1357), 31, 49.Tressler, R. (1310), 25, 47.Trubetskaya, O. E. (1297), 21, 41, 51; (1298), 21, 41, 51; (1390), 40, 42, 51; (1413),

17, 51.

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Trubetskoj, O. A. (1297), 21, 41, 51; (1298), 21, 41, 51; (1390), 40, 42, 51; (1413),17, 51.

Tsai, C.-L. (1541), 39, 58.Tsai, H.-D. (1442), 17, 60.Tsubuko, K. (1497), 74.Tsuda, T. (1459), 63.Tugnoli, V. (1277), 11, 20, 38, 44, 47, 50.Tutem, E. (1532), 74.

Uemura, T. (1493), 67.Uomori, M. (1264), 4, 10, 19, 21, 35, 50, 65.Urban, H. (1352), 30.

van Bergen, P. F. (1414), 40, 51, 54.Van der Lee, J. (1350), 30.van Leeuwen, H. P. (1368), 32, 33, 34.Van Riemsdijk, W. H. (1323), 27; (1394), 43.Varnum, J. M. (1426), 55; (1435), 58.Vasconcelos, M. T. S. D. (1347), 30.Velasco, M. I. (1294), 12, 20, 24, 34.Vereecken, H. (1404), 25, 48.Vermeer, A. W. P. (1434), 57.Vernille, J. (1527), 73.Vidal, M. (1432), 23, 56.Vinnikov, A. I. (1465), 64.Viswanathan, P. N. (1309), 24, 69.Voelker, B. M. (1254), 3.Vogel, F. (1292), 16, 18.von Wandruszka, R. (1375), 32, 37, 39, 47, 53; (1391), 42; (1430), 53.Vozzella, M. E. (1271), 10, 22, 52, 56.

Wagner, H. (1304), 22, 26.Wagoner, D. B. (1429), 42, 53.Wahidullah, S. (1384), 23, 48.Wais, A. (1377), 18, 39, 48.Walia, D. S. (1285), 12; (1293), 18; (1398), 43; (1540), 52.Wan Ngah, W. S. (1396), 43.Wang, C. M. (1337), 28; (1348), 30, 65; (1351), 30, 65.Wang, J. (1511), 71.Wang, L. (1385), 33, 46, 48.Wang, Q. (1280), 11; (1315), 25; (1496), 68; (1498), 68.Wang, T. (1422), 52.Wang, W. (1314), 12, 25; (1369), 14, 34, 36, 37, 45, 57.

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Wang, W.-H. (1519), 4, 47, 72.Wang, X. (1273), 11, 19, 38; (1482), 66; (1483), 66.Wang, Z. (1471), 64.Warwick, P. (1350), 30; (1361), 31.Watanabe, K. (1468), 64.Watanabe, Y. (1485), 66.Wei, L. (1359), 31.Wei, S. (1340), 29.Weller, M. G. (1312), 25.Wershaw, R. L. (1406), 15, 45, 48; (1549), 49.Westall, J. C. (1322), 27.Wetzel, R. G. (1436), 58; (1533), 75.Wilkens, S. (1521), 71.Willey, R. J. (1271), 10, 22, 52, 56.Williams, S. (1527), 73.Wilson, M. A. (1403), 48.Wirtz, K. R. (1469), 15, 64, 66.Witte, E. G. (1404), 25, 48.Won, M.-S. (1475), 65.Woolard, C. D. (1328), 27.Wu, L. (1482), 66; (1483), 66.

Xiao, Y.-J. (1422), 52.Xing, B. (1319), 26, 36, 41, 46; (1407), 37, 49, 53.

Yagi, O. (1534), 75.Yamaguchi, T. (1264), 4, 10, 19, 21, 35, 50, 65; (1472), 65.Yamamoto, M. (1472), 65.Yamamoto, S. (1506), 71, 73.Yamamura, T. (1459), 63.Yamauchi, T. (1467), 64.Yang, H. (1447), 62.Yang, H.-L. (1442), 17, 60.Yang, M.-L. (1441), 59.Yang, Y. (1385), 33, 46, 48; (1394); 43; (1422), 52.Yang, Y.-H. (1397), 25, 43.Yazaki, F. (1264), 4, 10, 19, 21, 35, 50, 65.Yazumi, M. (1468), 64.Ye, J. (1449), 62.Yoshida, H. (1393), 43.Young, B. R. (1403), 48.Yu, T. (1376), 37.Yu, X. (1438), 59; (1478), 66.

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Yu, Y. S. (1299), 22, 53.Yu, Z. (1314), 12, 25; (1369), 14, 34, 36, 37, 45, 57; (1478), 66.Yue, T. (1481), 66.

Zaccheo, P. (1512), 15, 72.Zadak, Z. (1437), 59, 60; (1440), 59.Zaenker, H. (1274), 11, 19, 24, 36, 38, 41; (1428), 22, 51, 53.Zappoli, S. (1392), 42, 56.Zara E Ademir Dos Santos, L. F. (1278), 11, 44, 56.Zavarzina, A. G. (1334), 13, 28.Zech, W. (1260), 4, 19, 20, 35, 47, 50.Zeng, F. (1462), 63; (1463), 17, 39, 63.Zhai, J. (1418), 40, 49.Zhang, J. (1418), 40, 49.Zhang, K. (1487), 66.Zhang, M. (1476), 65.Zhang, S. (1330), 13, 28; (1331), 28.Zhang, Y. (1273), 11, 19, 37; (1359), 31.Zhao, F. (1418), 40, 49.Zhao, X. (1359), 31.Zhao, Y. (1476), 65.Zheng, B. (1438), 59.Zheng, Z. (1476), 65.Zhu, B. (1337), 28.Zhu, J. (1350), 30.Zhu, Z. (1280), 11.Zhulina, E. (1536), 76.Ziechmann, W. (1544), 3, 58, 74.Zizka, Z. (1466), 58, 64.Zocchi, G. (1512), 15, 72.Zoltan, K. (1268), 10, 21, 35, 37, 46.Zuyi, T. (1336), 13, 28, 41.

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