hunting for glitches sarah buchner. …are the leftover cores from supernova explosions. almost...
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![Page 1: Hunting for Glitches Sarah Buchner. …are the leftover cores from supernova explosions. Almost black holes Neutron stars are very dense (10 17 kg/m 3 )](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081501/5697bfe01a28abf838cb31e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hunting for Glitches
Sarah Buchner
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• …are the leftover cores from supernova explosions. • Almost black holes• Neutron stars are very dense (1017 kg/m3 )
– 1.5 M with a diameter of 10 to 20 km
– Mass 1027 tons
• They rotate very rapidly: Period = 1.3 ms to 8 sec• magnetic fields are 1013 times stronger than Earth’s.
Neutron Stars
Chandra X-ray image of the neutron star left behind by a supernova observed in A.D. 386.The remnant is known as G11.20.3.
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Pulsars and Neutron Stars
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The Pulsar
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Vela Pulsar
• PSR 0833-45• Vela supernova remnant• About 10 000 years old• P = 0.089 s = 11.2 Hz
• HartRAO observed • most days since 1984
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Pulsars – stable clock• Massive stable flywheels superb cosmic clocks
e.g. Vela:
Unambiguously number each pulse
There were exactly 47 414 570 pulses between
11 Mar 2004 20:55:37and
29 Apr 2004 21:41:37
OH masers
Source below
horizon
VLBI
1s.Hz
-1310(6)-156.20475
Hz 00910.000000005181711.1910720
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Phase residuals
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Glitch Detection
• When phase offset > limit• Continual observing begins • Alarm at HartRAO• sms observers• Astronomical telegram / IAU circular
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Spin-upnu
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
MJD 48437
nu
x 1
E6
610715.2
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Recovery
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
MJD 48437
nu
do
t
Recovery time scales0.4 and 4.1 days
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Cause of glitch - starquake
R
R2
I
I
//=10=10––66
ε = 10= 10-4
//=10=10––66
ε = 10= 10-4
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Vortex pinning and unpinning
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Vortex pinning
Vortex current depends on lag
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Glitch
SSCC II
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Spin-upnu
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
MJD 48437
nu
x 1
E6
610715.2
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Linear coupling “resistive”
Crust
Pinned superfluid
Next
Nint
Nint
coupleextcc NNI
)(I
N CSCcouple
)(I
NI CSCextCC
)(I
I CSCSS
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Simple model
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Spin-down
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Non-linear coupling “capacitive”
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Post-glitch recovery
n
t
n0)( ett pp
pd)( dtet
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Recoveries have same form?
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Predicting glitches
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But …..
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Do glitches occur randomly?
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Size of angular momentumreservoir
Slope sets a lower limit to
IIres
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Crab vs Vela
96 1010 910
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How fast does the crust spin up?
Can we catch a glitch in the act?
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XDMObservations
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Timing Vela with XDM
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Thanks
• HartRAO workshop staff and astronomers
• Adriaan Hough
• Richard Lord
• Simon Ratcliffe