HYBRID & ELECTRIC VEHICLES

MD. UBAID THOUFIQVIVEK KANDIMALLA

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Content

Why fuel efficiency is important

What are hybrid and electric vehicles

Environmental impacts and public concerns

How hybrid and electric vehicles work and how are

they fuel efficient

Advantages

Technological challenges

Next generation of green vehicles

  Q&A

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3Source: www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook

WHAT IS A HYBRID CAR?• Any vehicle that uses two or more types of

fuels is called an HYBRID CAR

WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CAR?• An electric car is an automobile that is

propelled by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in batteries or another energy storage device

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How hybrids work and save fuel

1. IC Engine is turned off at:

• Stops

• Lower speed (say less that 15 km/h)

• When vehicle is stopping or going downhill, Regenerative braking is applied

2. At very high or low engine speeds, the electric motor assists the engine

3. Engine is driven to its optimum operating zone

4. Engine can be made smaller, due to electric motor assistance

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Hybrid and Electric cars

Have comparable speed and power

Have 80% efficiency and lower emission

No IC engine, no transmission, no engine oil, no gearbox fluid

Lower maintenance & price

Simple and mature tech

Low noise 7

Technological challenges and issues

Needs heavy duty power plug terminal everywhere

Electric energy infrastructure must be expanded

Travels short distance, inner city

Battery charging takes time

Limited battery life

Safety issues

Expensive to repair8

Technological challenges and issues

Batteries are heavy (100kg extra weight consumes

2L/100km more)

Low performance in hot or cold temperature

Very sensitive to overcharge/undercharge

Contain toxic heavy metals, disposal issue

Opportunity for researchers:

Advance research projects on batteries are supported by

governments and industries9

Next generation of green vehicles

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• Plug in hybrids with Lithium Ion Batteries and Ultra Capacitors• Hybrid Buses• Hybrid trucks with compressed gas energy storage systems• Hybrid trains• EVs everywhere

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