hybrid electric vehicles (rahul raj)

8/14/2019 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (Rahul Raj)

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HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLESHYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

M. R. Rahul Raj

M. Nithin Mohan


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History of HEVsHistory of HEVs

1997 First modern HEV introduced in1997 First modern HEV introduced in

Japan: ToyotaJapan: Toyota PriusPrius (on left below)(on left below)

1999 First modern HEV sold in U.S.:1999 First modern HEV sold in U.S.:HondaHonda InsightInsight(on right below)(on right below)


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What Is a HybridWhat Is a Hybrid

Electric Vehicle (HEV)?Electric Vehicle (HEV)?

The combination of anThe combination of an internal combustioninternal combustion

engineengine (ICE) with one or more(ICE) with one or more electricelectric

motor/generatorsmotor/generators and aand a battery packbattery pack

CombinesCombinesPropulsion System WithPropulsion System With RESSRESS and getsand gets

Better Fuel economy.Better Fuel economy.

An HEV uses less gasoline because the electricAn HEV uses less gasoline because the electric

motor does some of the work.motor does some of the work.


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HEV MODELHEV MODEL


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MMP HEVs prolong charge on batteriesMMP HEVs prolong charge on batteries

capturing KE via Regenerative Braking.capturing KE via Regenerative Braking.

HEVs use ICE to generate Electricity byHEVs use ICE to generate Electricity by

spinning Electric Generator either tospinning Electric Generator either to

Recharge or to feed power.Recharge or to feed power.

How HEVs WorkHow HEVs Work


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HOW HYBRIDS WORK?HOW HYBRIDS WORK?


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About HEVsAbout HEVs

HEVs offer the efficiency of electric-HEVs offer the efficiency of electric-

powered vehicles without having topowered vehicles without having to

recharge by using conventional enginesrecharge by using conventional engines

and fuels.and fuels.

Efficiencies are gained from motor down-Efficiencies are gained from motor down-

sizing and regenerative braking.sizing and regenerative braking.

Inherent flexibility allows use for numerousInherent flexibility allows use for numerous

applications.applications.


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HEV EfficiencyHEV Efficiency

Three key factors:Three key factors:

Regenerative brakingRegenerative braking

Engine sizeEngine size Vehicle weight & aerodynamic designVehicle weight & aerodynamic design


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HEV Efficiency(contd)HEV Efficiency(contd)

Engine size = may be smaller than in aEngine size = may be smaller than in aconventional vehicleconventional vehicle

Engine is sized to accommodateEngine is sized to accommodate averageaverage

loadload not notpeak loadpeak load

Vehicle weight/aerodynamic design:Vehicle weight/aerodynamic design:

Built using special lightweight materialsBuilt using special lightweight materials

Uses advanced aerodynamics to reduce dragUses advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag


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Advanced TechnologiesAdvanced Technologies

Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking

Electric Motor Drive/AssistElectric Motor Drive/Assist

Automatic Start/ ShutOffAutomatic Start/ ShutOff


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Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking

RecapturesRecaptures kinetic energykinetic energynormally lost as heatnormally lost as heat

during brakingduring braking

Kinetic energy = energy of motionKinetic energy = energy of motion

Electric motor acts as a generator when brakesElectric motor acts as a generator when brakes

appliedapplied

Converts kinetic energy to electrical energy, storedConverts kinetic energy to electrical energy, stored

in batteriesin batteries It becomesIt becomespotential energypotential energy available for use available for use

No system is 100% efficientNo system is 100% efficient


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Electric Motor Drive/AssistElectric Motor Drive/Assist

Additional Power to assist engineAdditional Power to assist engine

Accelerating, Passing and Hill Climbing.Accelerating, Passing and Hill Climbing.

So, allows Smaller and More EfficientSo, allows Smaller and More Efficient

Engine to be Used.Engine to be Used.


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Automatic Start/ShutoffAutomatic Start/Shutoff

Automatically shuts off the engine when theAutomatically shuts off the engine when the

vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it whenvehicle comes to a stop and restarts it whenthe accelerator is pressed. This preventsthe accelerator is pressed. This prevents

wasted energy from idling.wasted energy from idling.


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HEVs and Air PollutionHEVs and Air Pollution

Decreased fuel consumption results in reduced vehicle

emissions

Ability to operate with smaller, more efficient motor

maximizes emission management Strategies

Result is reduction of harmful pollutants in atmosphere


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HEVs in TransportationHEVs in Transportation

Increasing gasoline prices are making HEVs very

attractive to consumers

HEVs are already available today(In , and their use

will become more widespread as production picks up


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Hybrid ReliabilityHybrid Reliability

Hybrids have some of the highest safety ratings of

all vehicles

High-voltage system contains many safety features

Battery charge is computer controlled extends

battery life

Batteries under warranty for 100,000 miles, is yourengine??????


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Hybrid Reliability(contd)Hybrid Reliability(contd)

The cost of maintenance is reduced due to operation

of hybrid technology

Regenerative braking reduces wear on brakes

Idle stop extends engine life

Electric accessories reduce load on

engine


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HEV Advantages

Reduced fuel consumption

Excellent gas mileage

Fewer tailpipe emissions

Lighter batteries than electric vehicles

Regenerative braking system stores electrical

energy in Batteries

Uses less fuel to recharge batteries


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HEV DisadvantagesHEV Disadvantages

Reduced, but not emission-free

HEVs are partial zero-emission vehicles (PZEVs) they

produce zero emissions only when engine is not running

More expensive than conventional Vehicles

Has a payback period in average use


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Chevrolet Tahoe HybridChevrolet Tahoe Hybrid

Honda Accord HybridHonda Accord Hybrid

Honda Civic HybridHonda Civic Hybrid

Ford Escape HybridFord Escape HybridGMC Silverado HybridGMC Silverado Hybrid

GMC Sierra HybridGMC Sierra Hybrid

Toyota PriusToyota Prius

Toyota Highlander HybridToyota Highlander Hybrid

Lexus 400hLexus 400h

Current Models of HEVsCurrent Models of HEVs


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In IndiaIn India

According to the Business News on 19According to the Business News on 19thth

January, 2009, M&M is planning to LaunchJanuary, 2009, M&M is planning to Launch

Hybrid Electric Vehicles in India in a coupleHybrid Electric Vehicles in India in a couple

of Years.of Years.

Soon can be seen on Indian RoadsSoon can be seen on Indian Roads


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

So, the HEVs have more efficiency,

Low Fuel Economy, High Reliability and

Less Air Pollution.

Optimum Utilisation of these Vehicles

will yield in good Results, especially

Reduction of pollution.

hybrid electric vehicles (rahul raj)

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