hybvent - aalborg universitet · iea-bcs annex 35: hybvent 29-11-00 3 5th expert meeting results...

,($� � INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITY SYSTEMS

th

HybVentAnnex35

Hybrid Ventilation in New and Retrofitted Office Buildings

Brussel, Belgium

October 2 – 5, 2000

IEA-BCS Annex 35: HybVent

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Minutes of 5th Expert Meeting

Location and Time HybVent Forum, October 2, 2000 at BBRI, Limelette, Belgium. 5th Annex 35 Expert Meeting, October 3-5, 2000 at Holiday Inn City Centre, Brussels, Belgium. Visit to IVEG building,October 4, 2000.

Host Peter Wouters and Nicolas Heijmans, Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI), Division of Building Physics and Indoor Climate.

Attendance 26 delegates from 11 countries; Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands.

There was no representation from: Canada, Greece, United Kingdom and U.S.A.

Objectives of the 4th Expert meeting • Update and information on Pilot Studies and application of measurement

results.

• Reports on progress in working groups and goals for the coming months

• Exchange of information at “HybVent Forum”

• Discussion of outline of “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation”, including CD-ROM

• Discussion and approval of dissemination plan for subtasks, workgroups and pilot studies

• Nomination of authors for the “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation” and ad-ditional technical reports

Annex Participation Firm commitment for annex participation by 10 countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan and The Netherlands.

Firm commitment is still pending in 5 countries: Belgium, Norway, Sweden, United King-dom and U.S.A.

All participating countries agreed to accept University of Hong Kong as an associate par-ticipants of Annex 35.


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5th Expert Meeting Results The working phase of the project has started on August 1, 1998 and the 5th Expert meeting was the seventh meeting held. The previous meetings were:

Preparation Phase : Project Definition Workshop, Aalborg, Denmark, October 1997 Kick-Off Meeting, Rome, Italy, March 1998

Working Phase: 1st Expert Meeting, Trondheim, Norway, October 1998 2nd Expert Meeting, Lyon, France, April 1999 3rd Expert Meeting, Sydney, Australia, October 1999 4th Expert Meeting, Athen, Greece, April 2000

HybVent Forum ’00

The purpose of the Forum is to disseminate information and to get feedback on the work performed within the annex both internally among annex participants and externally among the international design community. At this expert meeting a full day was reserved for this purpose with attendance of about 25 participants from Belgian industry in addition to the annex participants. A total of 13 papers were presented, see attachment 4.

State-of-the-art Review of Hybrid Ventilation

Brochure and CD is printed and the number of copies that was ordered, see attachment 7, is distributed to the countries. Invoices for the payment is send to the responsible person in each country.

At the meeting it was decided that copies to non-participating countries could be sold through the ESSU bookstore at 10 Euro plus postage.

Principles of Hybrid Ventilation

The outline of the “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation” booklet and the CD-ROM was dis-cussed in a plenary session. It was decided that the booklet should be aimed for newcomers (decision makers) in the field, who needs an introduction to hybrid ventilation. A secon-dary aim of the booklet is to function as a gateway for the more detailed information on the CD. The booklet should be approximately 30 pages. The outline of the booklet is shown in attachment 7.

The CD-ROM is an information source with a number of reports, papers etc. with detailed information about the research results from subtasks, workgroups and pilot studies. The preliminary outline of the contents can be seen in attachment 7.

The dissemination plan for subtasks, workgroups and pilot studies was discussed and ap-proved at the meeting and the result included in the content of booklet and CD.

The OA will be editing the booklet and the CD-ROM. Authors for the “Principles of Hy-brid Ventilation” booklet and the additional technical reports on the CD were nominated at the meeting, see attachment 7.

The time-schedule for the final report was discussed and the following rough schedule was decided.


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Item Deadline

Plans for outline of PHV and con-tents on CD

Oct 5, 2000

1. draft ready of PHV and technical reports

May 1, 2001

Plans revised May 17, 2001

2. draft ready of PHV and technical reports

October 1, 2001

Final draft ready of PHV and tech-nical reports

April 2002

ExCo review July 31, 2002

Printing and publishing September 8, 2002

Progress in Subtasks A

The subtask has defined four workgroups, which form a common basis for defining re-quirements and evaluation criteria for control and ventilation strategies.

During the work group sessions the workgroups discussed the status of their work and planned their activities before the next meeting. They also discussed the dissemination plan and contribution to the “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation “ booklet. For more detailed in-formation see attachment 5 and the planned content for booklet and CD-ROM in attach-ment 7. There was no work group session in workgroup A4 at this expert meeting.

Work Group A1: Characterisation of Ventilation and Control Strategies.

The work group characterise and evaluate relevant hybrid ventilation and control strategies.

Work Group A2: Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regulations

The work group makes a critical analysis of the approaches used in present standards (or standard proposals) focusing on energy performance of buildings and suggests improve-ments for stimulation of the use of hybrid ventilation concepts.

Work Group A3: Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets

The work group develops new comfort requirements and energy targets for hybrid venti-lated buildings, and based on a critical analysis of existing requirements and targets how they apply to hybrid ventilated buildings.

Work Group A4: Application of Analysis Methods in Hybrid Ventilation Design Process

The work group develops a design procedure for hybrid ventilation including recommenda-tions on which methods to be used in different stages of the design.

Progress in Subtasks B

The participants in Subtask B develop analysis methods of different levels of detail from simple “easy to use” design methods to more detailed simulation methods which require a large effort. A better understanding of the physics of hybrid ventilation is necessary for the development of these methods and a number of elements in the air flow process is therefore


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looked at by different working groups. During the work group sessions the workgroups discussed the status of their work and planned their activities before the next meeting. They also discussed the dissemination plan and contribution to the “Principles of Hybrid Ventila-tion “ booklet. For more detailed information see attachment 6 and the planned content for booklet and CD-ROM in attachment 7.

Work Group B1: Incorporate thermal Stratification Effects in Analysis Methods

The work group studies the effects of thermal stratification on natural ventilation and de-velops effective algorithms for incorporating thermal stratification in analysis methods of hybrid ventilation.

Work Group B2: Methods for Vent Sizing

The work group focuses on easy-to-use design methods for vent sizing and how to accu-rately estimate the values of parameters needed.

Work Group B3: Input Data Bank

The work group collects input data suitable for evaluation of developed analysis methods. The work group have joined meetings with Work Group B8.

Work Group B4: Development of Probabilistic Methods

The work group develops probabilistic analysis methods for hybrid ventilation that can predict the uncertainty and probability of critical incidents like unsatisfactory air flows, large energy consumption and poor IAQ.

Work Group B5: Wind Flows through Large Openings

The work group focuses on boundary conditions required to model airflow through large openings and in particularly to what extent the standard surface pressure coefficient can be used.

Work Group B7: Implement Control Strategies into Models

The work group develops algorithms for incorporating control strategies in network models of hybrid ventilation.

Work Group B8: Climate Data

The work group focuses on the translation on climate data from meteorological stations to building sites and climate data impact on accuracy of hybrid ventilation feasibility analysis. The work group have joined meetings with Work Group B3.

New Work Group Subjects

Two subjects for new workgroups at a later stage in the working phase were proposed at the meeting:

• Quality and economics of hybrid ventilation

• Survey of tool characteristics and selection of tools that are useful for hybrid ventilation performance analysis.

Progress in Subtasks C

In Subtask C 14 pilot study buildings are now offered for demonstration of hybrid ventila-tion performance in office and educational buildings, see table 1. The Bertolt Brecht Gym-


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nasium from Dresden, Germany, was included in the list at this meeting. The monitoring programme fits well with the annex time schedule and the deliverables for pilot studies will be ready in due time. Monitoring of all buildings are progressing. The monitoring pro-grammes are all covering a one-year period and will end before August 2001.

12 pilot studies have provided drafts of Pilot Study Report and oral presentations of pro-gress and the first measurement results and conclusions were given for 11 of the pilot stud-ies, see table 1. The pilot study reports can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.civil.auc.dk/pub/private/HybVent/pilotstudy/.

The integration of results from subtask C into subtask A and B was discussed in the pilot study session. The conclusion was that data from B&O Headquarters, Denmark, PROBE building, Belgium and Mediå School, Norway will be included in the AIVC Data Guide as soon as possible and will be available for all participants for use in subtask work. The per-formance simulation of hybrid ventilated buildings will be primarily by national groups and the organisation of data exchange and experiences will be agreed on nationally.

With regard to the contribution from subtask C to the final report, it was agreed that a summary of pilot study results and the general conclusions should be included in the book-let, see attachment 7. The more detailed pilot study reports will be on the CD-ROM.

Table 1. Pilot studies in Annex 35

Country Building name First Draft Report

Presented at meeting

Australia Wilkinson Building [

Belgium IVEG [ [

Belgium PROBE [ [

Denmark B&O HQ [ [

Germany Bertolt Brecht Gymnasium [

Italy Palazzina I Guzzini [ [

Japan The Liberty Tower [ [

Japan Tokyo Gas Earth Port [

Japan Fujita Technical Center [ [

Norway Mediå school [ [

Norway Jaer school [

Norway Lavollen

Sweden Tangå school [

The Netherlands Waterland school [ [

Annex 35 Web – site.

The Annex 35 Web – site will continuously be updated and improved. However, it is im-portant that participants inform the OA about changes and new items to be published.


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Before the next expert meeting in May 2001 time will be spend on a major revision and update of the web-site, so new ideas are welcome. The OA will send request for update information

A record of all Annex 35 publications will be kept at the web site. Therefore, please inform the OA of all publications made within Annex 35, so information can be included in the list of publications. If it is possible to include an electronic version (PDF) of the publication on the web-site this is preferable, and a word file should be send as well. All available techni-cal documents will be supplied with a common front page indicating that it is the result of Annex 35 work. However, it will be stated the documents are not official Annex products.

Miscellaneous

The list of technical contact persons was updated, see the enclosed table. It will also be included in the web-site.

Country Subtask A Subtask B Subtask C Australia David Rowe Angelo Delsante Belgium Peter Wouters Peter Wouters Nicolas Heijmans Canada Fariborz Haghighat Denmark Søren Aggerholm Per Heiselberg Ole Juhl Hendriksen Finland Jorma Heikkinen Jorma Heikkinen Ismo Heimonen France Pierre Michel Christian Inard Germany Erhard Mayer Markus Rösler Uwe Meinhold Greece Mat Santamouris Italy Marco Perino Paolo Principi Japan Shinsuke Kato Shinsuke Kato Norway Peter Schild Tor Helge Dokka Per Olaf Tjelflaat Sweden Svein Ruud Claes Blomqvist Åke Blomsterberg The Netherlands Willem de Gids Willem de Gids Ad van der Aa United Kingdom John Palmer John Palmer John Palmer U.S.A. David Lorenzetti

A workshop on: “Hybrid ventilation and cooling in hot and humid climates” will be ar-ranged at the IAQVEC 2001 conference in China. A number of participants have send ab-stracts to the conference and there will probably be two sessions devoted to hybrid ventila-tion.

Next meeting A joint workgroup meeting will at the next meeting be held between work groups A1 and B7. A plenary session on ventilation strategies, on control strategies and on modelling con-trol strategies will be organised.

Action list Principles of Hybrid Ventilation

• Develop proposal for structure of booklet and CD before next meeting OA, TAV, BJ


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• Provide common template for technical reports by December 1, 2000 OA

• Distribute an example section of the booklet by December 1, 2000 OA

• Distribute 1. draft of sections for booklet to participants by April 1, 2001 Authors

• Send title and abstract of technical reports to OA by February 1, 2001 Authors

• Distribute 1. draft of technical reports to participants before next meeting Authors

Work Groups

• Work Group Co-ordinators sends revised description and 1-page summary of meeting results to OA before Oct. 21, 2000 WGC

• Work Group actions in attachment 5 and 6 All

Web-site

• Send bibliographic information on published Annex 35 work to OA to be included in the record of publications All

• Send technical papers and/or working documents to be pub-lished on the Web to OA All

Miscellaneous

• Make local arrangements for 6th expert meeting in Den Haag WG • Send invitation and prepare program for 6th Expert meeting OA • Preliminary preparations for 7th Expert meeting in China OA • Note future meetings All

Next Meetings

6th Expert Meeting

Where and When: Den Haag, The Netherlands, May 14-17, 2001 Host: TNO Building and Construction Research, Willem de Gids.

7th Expert Meeting

Where and When: Changsha, China, October 8-10, 2001 Host: Hunan University, Prof. Guoqiang Zhang.

8th Expert Meeting

Where and When: Montreal, Canada, April, 2002 Host: Concordia University, Fariborz Haghighat.

Closing Meeting

Where and When: Copenhagen, Denmark, September 8, 2002 Host: Danish Building Research Institute, Søren Aggerholm.


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Conferences and Meetings November 8-10, 2000 48th ECB ExCo Meeting Japan

January 27-31, 2001 ASHRAE Symp. on val. of multizone models Atlanta, US

March 25-28, 2001 3rd Brazilian Congress on IE and IAQ Rio de Janeiro, Bra

April 2-6, 2001 CIB World Build. Congr. 2001 Wellington, New Zealand

May 7-10, 2001 Annex 35 6th Expert Meeting Den Haag, The Netherlands

June 13-15, 2001 49th ECB ExCo Meeting France

September 15-18, 2001 8th World Congress CLIMA 2000 Napoli, Italy

October 2-5, 2001 IAQVEC 2001 Changsha, China

October 8-10, 2001 Annex 35 7th Expert Meeting Changsha, China

November 4-7, 2001 IAQ 2001 San Francisco, California, US

November 7-9, 2001 50th ECB ExCo Meeting Poland

November 7-9, 2001 PLEA 2001 Florianopolis, Brazil

April, 2002 Annex 35 8th Expert Meeting Canada

June 12-14, 2002 51th ECB ExCo Meeting Canada

June 30- July 5, 2002 Indoor Air 2002 Monterey, California, US

September 8, 2002 Annex 35 Closing Meeting Copenhagen, Denmark

September 8-11, 2002 ROOMVENT 2002 Copenhagen, Denmark

November 6-8, 2002 52th ECB ExCo Meeting Italy

Attachmhents Attachment 1 Program Attachment 2 Agenda Attachment 3 Meeting Attendees with addresses Attachment 4 Programme HybVent Forum Attachment 5 Subtask A Work Groups, information and progress reports Attachment 6 Subtask B Work Groups, information and progress reports Attachment 7 Work Group Final Report

Aalborg, November 29, 2000

Per Heiselberg Operating Agent, Annex 35


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Programme Sunday October 1, 2000

Social excursion to Gent and Brügge PW/NH

Monday October 2, 2000

830 - 930 Transportation by bus from hotel to BBRI, Limelette NH

930 – 1100 HybVent Forum on Natural and Hybrid Ventilation Session A OA

1100 – 1130 Coffee break BBRI

1130 – 1300 HybVent Forum on Natural and Hybrid Ventilation Session B OA

1300 - 1400 Lunch BBRI

1400 - 1530 HybVent Forum on Natural and Hybrid Ventilation Session C OA

1530 – 1600 Coffee Break BBRI

1600 – 1730 Visit of laboratories and the PROBE building PW/NH

1730 - 1830 Transportation by bus from BBRI, Limelette to hotel NH

Free evening

Tuesday October 3, 2000

0830 - 0900 Registration

0900 - 1030 Session 1 Agenda 1-4 Welcome and introduction to the 5th Expert Meeting, general business

OA

1030 - 1100 Coffee break Hotel

1100 - 1230 Session 2 Agenda 5 and 6 Presentation of Pilot Study Progress and integration of results in subtask A and B

MC

1230 - 1400 Lunch Hotel

1400 - 1530 Session 3 Agenda 9 Outline of “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation”

OA

1530 – 1600 Coffee Break Hotel

1600 - 1730 Session 4 Agenda 7.1, 7.4 and 7.8 Workgroup meetings

Group Leaders

Free evening


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Wednesday October 4, 2000

0900 - 1030 Session 5 Agenda 7.2, 7.6 Workgroup meetings

Group Leaders


1100 - 1230 Session 6 Agenda 7.3, 7.5, 7.7 and 7.9 Workgroup meetings

Group Leaders

1230 – 1345 Transportation to IVEG Building and lunch in foyer PW/NH

1345 – 1500 Annex 35 Technical presentations of IVEG Building PW/NH

1500 – 1545 Detailed visit of IVEG building PW/NH

1600 Formal session, visit of IVEG Building and reception PW

Evening: Social Dinner at IVEG building PW/NH

Thursday October 5, 2000

0830 - 1000 Session 7 Agenda 8 Summary of workgroup results

Group Leaders


1030 - 1200 Session 8 Agenda 8 Summary of workgroup results

Group Leaders

1200 - 1330 Lunch Hotel

1330 - 1500 Session 9 Agenda 9 and 10 Discussion and approval of outline of “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation” and dissemination plan for additional reports, nomination of authors

OA


1630 – 1700 Session 10 Agenda 11 and 12 Summary of meeting results, general business, conclusions, next meetings and next steps

OA

1700 End of workshop

OA: Per Heiselberg, PW: Peter Wouters, NH: Nicolas Heijmans, GG: Gérard Guarracino, YL: Yuguo Li, MC: Marco Citterio


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Agenda 1. Welcome, introduction.

1.1 Additions to and approval of agenda. 1.2 Approval of minutes of 4th Expert meeting.

2. Meeting participants and their affiliations. 1.4 Goals of this meeting.

2 Update on Annex 35 confirmed participation, national contact persons, etc. 2.1 Annex 35 participants 2.1 National contact persons 2.2 Work group affiliations

3 Annex 35 Website, presentation of pilot studies, work groups, etc.

4 Presentation of HybVent Brochure and CD-ROM

5 Presentation of Pilot Study progress 5.1 Wilkinson Office Building, Sydney, Australia (DR, AU) 5.2 IVEG Office Building, Hoboken, Belgium (NH, B) 5.3 PROBE Office Building, Limelette, Belgium (NH, B) 5.4 B&O Headquarters, Struer, Denmark (OJH, DK) 5.5 Palazzina I Guzzini, Recanati, Italy (PP, I) 5.6 The Liberty Tower, Meiji, Japan (TC, J) 5.7 Tokyo Gas Earth Port, Tokyo, Japan (TC, J) 5.8 Fujita Technical Center, Atsugi, Japan, (TC, J) 5.9 Mediå School, Grong, Norway (POT, N) 5.10 Jaer School, Oslo, Norway (PS, N) 5.11 Tangå School, Falkenberg, Sweden (ÅB, S) 5.12 Waterland School, Leidschenveen, The Netherlands (AA, NL)

6 Integration of pilot study results in subtask A and B

7 Workgroup sessions 7.1 WG-A1 Characterisation of Ventilation and Control Strategies (SA, DK) 7.2 WG-A2 Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regula-

tions (PW, B) 7.3 WG-A3 Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets (WdG, NL)

WG-A4 Application of Analysis Methods in Hybrid Ventilation Design Process (POT, N)

7.4 WG-B1 Incorporation of Thermal Stratification Effects in Network Model-ling (YL, AU)

7.5 WG-B2 Methods for Vent Sizing (WdG, NL) 7.6 WG-B3 Input Data Bank (MO, UK), WG-B8 Climate Data 7.7 WG-B4 Develop Probabilistic Methods (HB, DK) 7.8 WG-B5 Wind Flows through Large Openings (MS, S) 7.9 WG-B7 Integrate or Implement Control Strategies into Models 7.10 WG Outline of “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation”

8 Reports on progress in workgroups

9 Outline of “Principles of Hybrid Ventilation”


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10 Dissemination plan for subtasks, workgroups and pilot studies

11 Future expert meetings 11.1 6th expert meeting in Den Haag, The Netherlands, May 7-10, 2001 11.2 7th expert meeting in Changcha, China, October 8-10, 2001 11.3 8th expert meeting in Montreal, Canada, April 2002

12 Summary of workshop results, action list, next steps, and conclusions.


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Meeting Attendees with addresses

Søren Aggerholm (SA), Danish Building Research Institute, Denmark Henrik Brohus (HB) , Aalborg University, Denmark Marco Citterio (MC) , ENEA SIRE HAB, Italy Florence Cron (FC), LEPTAB, Pôle Sciences et Technologie, France Angelo Delsante (AD), CSIRO Building, Construction and Engineering, Australia Gian Vincenzo Fracastoro (GF), Politecnico di Torino, Italy Willem de Gids (WG), TNO Building & Constr. Research, The Netherlands

Gérard Guarracino (GG), ENTPE-LASH, France Nicolas Heijmans (NH), BBRI, Belgium Jorma Heikkinen (JH), VTT Building Technology, Finland Per Heiselberg (PH), Indoor Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark Ole Juhl Hendriksen (OH), Esbensen Consulting Engineers, Denmark Christian Inard (CI) , LEPTAB, Pôle Sciences et Technologie, France Bjørn Jenssen (BJ), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

Shinsuke Kato (SK), University of Tokyo, Inst. of Industrial Science, Japan Yuguo Li (YL) , The University of Hong Kong, China Erhard Mayer (EM) , Fraunhofer-Institute for Building Physics, Germany Uwe Meinhold (UM), Dresden University of Technology, Germany Pierre Michel (PM), ENTPE, France

Malcolm Orme (MO) , Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC), United Kingdom Mats Sandberg (MS), University of Gävle, Centre for Built Environment, Sweden Takao Sawachi (TS), Building Research Institute, Japan Peter G. Schild (PS), Norwegian Building Research Institute (NBI), Norway Per Olaf Tjelflaat (PT), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

Ad van der Aa (AA), Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers, The Netherlands Tor Arvid Vik (TAV), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway


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Søren Aggerholm Danish Building Research Institute Dr. Neergaardsvej 15 Postboks 119 DK-2970 Hørsholm Denmark Telephone: + 45 4586 5533, Fax: + 45 4586 7535, E-mail: [email protected]

Henrik Brohus Indoor Environmental Engineering Aalborg University Sohngårdsholmsvej 57 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Telephone: + 45 9635 8539, Fax: + 45 9814 8243, E-mail: [email protected]

Marco Citterio ENEA SIRE HAB C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301 S. Maria di Galeria, I-00060 Roma Italy Telephone: + 39 06 3048 3703, Fax: + 39 06 3048 6315, E-mail: [email protected]

Florence Cron LEPTAB Pôle Sciences et Technologie Avenue Michel Crépeau F-17042 La Rochelle France Telephone: + 33 5 46 45 86 22, Fax: + 33 5 46 45 82 41, E-mail: [email protected]

Angelo Delsante CSIRO Building, Construction and Engineering P.O. Box 56 3190 Highett, Vic Australia Telephone: + 61 3 9252 6056, Fax: + 61 3 9252 6251, E-mail: [email protected]

Gian Vincenzo Fracastoro Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 I-10129 Torino Italy Telephone: + 39 011 564 4438, Fax: + 39 011 564 4499, E-mail: [email protected]


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Willem de Gids TNO Building & Constr. Research Dept. of Indoor Environ., Buildg. Physics and Installations Postbus 49 NL-2600 AA Delft The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 15 269 5280, Fax: + 31 15 269 5299, E-mail: [email protected]

Gérard Guarracino ENTPE-LASH Rue M. Audin F-69518 Cédex - Vaulx en Velin France Telephone: + 33 4 72 04 70 27, Fax: + 33 4 72 04 70 41, E-mail: [email protected]

Nicolas Heijmans BBRI Rue de la Violette, 21-23 B-1000 Bruxelles Belgium Telephone: + 32 2 655 77 87, Fax: + 32 2 655 07 29, E-mail: [email protected]

Jorma Heikkinen VTT Building Technology Lämpömiehenkuja 3, Espoo P.O. Box 1804 FIN-02044 VTT Finland Telephone: + 358 9 456 4742, Fax: + 358 9 455 2408, E-mail: [email protected]

Per Heiselberg Indoor Environmental Engineering Aalborg University Sohngårdsholmsvej 57 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Telephone: + 45 9635 8541, Fax: + 45 9814 8243, E-mail: [email protected]

Ole Juhl Hendriksen Esbensen Consulting Engineers Vesterbrogade 124 B DK-1620 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone: + 45 3326 7305, Fax: + 45 3326 7301, E-mail: [email protected]


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Christian Inard LEPTAB Pôle Sciences et Technologie Av. Michel Crépeau F-17042 La Rochelle France Telephone: + 33 5 46 45 72 46, Fax: + 33 5 46 45 82 41, E-mail: [email protected]

Bjørn Jenssen Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Kolbjørn Hejes Vei 1B N-7491 Trondheim Norway Telephone: + 47 73 59 38 79, Fax: + 47 73 59 38 59, E-mail: [email protected]

Shinsuke Kato University of Tokyo Inst. of Industrial Science 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku 153-8505 Tokyo Japan Telephone: + 81 3 5452 6433, Fax: + 81 3 5452 6432, E-mail: [email protected]

Yuguo Li The University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical Engineering Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China Telephone: + 852 2859 2625, Fax: + 852 2859 7908, E-mail: [email protected]

Erhard Mayer Fraunhofer-Institute for Building Physics Fraunhoferstrasse 10 D-83626 Valley Germany Telephone: + 49 8024 64314, Fax: + 49 8024 64366, E-mail: [email protected]

Uwe Meinhold Dresden University of Technology Institute of Building Climatology Mommsenstr.13 D-01062 Dresden Germany Telephone: + 49 351 463 2950, Fax: + 49 351 463 2627, E-mail: [email protected]


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Pierre Michel ENTPE Rue Audin F-69120 Vaulx en Velin France Telephone: + 33 4 72 04 70 32, Fax: + 33 4 72 04 70 41, E-mail: [email protected]

Malcolm Orme Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC) Unit 3A, Sovereign Court, Sir William Lyons Road Coventry CV4 7EZ United Kingdom Telephone: + 44 24 7669 2050, Fax: + 44 24 7641 6306, E-mail: [email protected]

Mats Sandberg University of Gävle Centre for Built Environment SE-801 76 Gävle Sweden Telephone: + 46 26 64 81 39, Fax: + 46 26 64 81 82, E-mail: [email protected]

Takao Sawachi Building Research Institute, Japan 1 Tatehara 305-0802 Tsukuba Japan Telephone: + 81 298 64 6774, Fax: + 81 298 64 6775, E-mail: [email protected]

Peter G. Schild Norwegian Building Research Institute (NBI) P.O. Box 123 Blindern N-0314 Oslo Norway Telephone: + 47 22 96 58 54, Fax: + 47 22 96 57 25, E-mail: [email protected]

Per Olaf Tjelflaat Norwegian University of Science & Technology, - NTNU Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning N-7491 Trondheim Norway Telephone: + 47 73 593 864, Fax: + 47 73 593 859, E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected]

Ad van der Aa Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers Boterdiep 48 P. O. Box 9222 3007 AE Rotterdam The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 10 4257444, Fax: + 31 10 4254443, E-mail: [email protected]


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Tor Arvid Vik Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Building Technology N-7491 Trondheim Norway Telephone: + 47 73 59 33 49, Fax: + 47 73 59 50 45, E-mail: [email protected]


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Programme HybVent Forum - October 2, 2000 930 – 1130 Session A

Wellcome – Presentation BBRI – how to situate IEA-ECBCS Annex 35 in our pol-icy? Peter Wouters, BBRI, Belgium

Presentation of IEA-ECBCS Annex 35 Per Heiselberg, Operating Agent, Aalborg University, Denmark

Hybrid Ventilation – What is it and How to Carry out a Performance Assessment in the Framework of an Energy Performance Regulation Peter Wouters, BBRI, Belgium

A Survey of Perceived Barriers to Mixed Mode Ventilation in Commercial Buildings in Melbourne Angelo Delsante, CSIRO, Australia

Probabilistic Multizone Model based on Monte Carlo Simulation Henrik Brohus, Aalborg University, Denmark

1130 – 1150 Coffee Break

1150 – 1250 Session B

Presentation of Grong School Per Olaf Tjelflaat, NTNU, Norway

Pilot Project: School Buildng Waterland, Leidschenveen, NL Ad Van der Aa, Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers, The Netherlands

1250 – 1350 Lunch

1350 – 1450 Session C

Estimation of Wind Pressures in Dayly Practice: A Test Case Nicolas Heijmans, BBRI, Belgium

Cross Ventilation Rate and Air Flow Pattern for Different Wind Angles – Experimental Result from Wind Pressurization Facility and a Cubical Building Model Takao Sawachi, Building Research Institute, Japan

Study on Cross Ventilation with Radiation Panel Cooling for Hot and Humid Regions Shinsuke Kato, University of Tokyo, Japan

1450 – 1510 Coffee Break

1510 – 1610 Session D


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IBP-activities in Annex 35 Erhard Mayer, Fraunhofer, Germany

Preliminary Results of BEMS Monitoring at Bang & Olufsen Office Building – Summer Conditions Ole Juhl Hendriksen, Esbensen Consulting Engineers, Denmark

Detailed Measurements at Bang & Olufsen Office Building – Results from Winter and Summer Case Henrik Brohus, Aalborg University, Denmark

1610 Discussions and Conclusions

1630 Visit of BBRI


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Subtask A Work Groups

WG-A1 Characterisation of Ventilation and Control Strategies. Co-ordinator: Søren Aggerholm

SA Søren Aggerholm AB Åke Blomsterberg MC Marco Citterio AD Angelo Delsante GG Gerard Guarracino NH Nicolas Heijmans JOH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg OJH Ole Juhl Hendriksen EM Erhard Mayer PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer PP Paolo Principi ER Elena Ruffini POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat TAV Tor Arvid Vik AA Ad van der Aa

WG-A2 Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regula-tions. Co-ordinator: Peter Wouters

SA Søren Aggerholm AA Ad van der Aa WG Willem de Gids GG Gerard Guarracino NH Nicolas Heijmans POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat PW Peter Wouters


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WG-A3 Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets. Co-ordinator: Willem de Gids

AB Åke Blomsterberg MC Marco Citterio WG Willem de Gids JH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg OJH Ole Juhl Hendriksen YL Yuguo Li PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer PP Paolo Principi ER Elena Ruffini PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat PW Peter Wouters TAV Tor Arvid Vik

WG-A4 Application of Analysis Methods in the Hybrid Ventilation Design Process. Co-ordinator: Per Olaf Tjelflaat

MC Marco Citterio WG Willem de Gids JH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg OJH Ole Juhl Hendriksen YL Yuguo Li PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer PP Paolo Principi ER Elena Ruffini PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat


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Work Group Description: A1

Title Characterisation of Hybrid Ventilation and Control Strategies

Objective • To describe and evaluate relevant hybrid ventilation and control strategies

Expected outcome

An overview of relevant hybrid ventilation and control strategies with de-scription of principle and performance dependent on climate, building design, internal loads, solar shading and ventilation system sizing.

Description A. Identification of relevant hybrid ventilation and control strategies for new and retrofitted office buildings.

B. Evaluation of different ventilation and control strategies. The evaluation will include simulation of specific and typical buildings and results from measurements in real buildings.

C. The results will be reported in papers and articles by the individual par-ticipants in the work group.

Time Schedule

Activity

Identify strategies X X X X

Evaluate strategies X X X X

Papers and articles X X X X

(Final report) X X X X

Milestones

Relevant strategies X

Papers and articles X

(Final report) X

Coordinator Søren Aggerholm Denmark


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Work Group A1: Characterisation of Hybrid Ventilation and Control Strategies

Summary report and action list

October 2000

Søren Aggerholm, SBI

Progress in Work Group A1

Characterisation of Hybrid Ventilation and Control Strategies in:

- IVEG Building

- PROBE Building

- B&O Headquarters

- Palazzina I Guzzini

- Tangå School

- Waterland

Sensors for IAQ:

- Sensors, a (financial) barrier to the application of hybrid ventilation ? Draft paper from Ad van der Aa

- Sensor survey: “Database” made by Ole Hendriksen

Costs (for installing automatic control):

- Presentation at HybVent Forum by Ad van der Aa

Dissemination plan, WG A1 Booklet: Principles of Hybrid Ventilation:

2. Hybrid Ventilation Principles

- Summer and cooling season strategy

- Winter and heating season strategy

- (Three examples)

4. Control Strategies for HybVent Systems

CD (technical Reports WG A1):

- Sensors, a (financial) barrier to the applic...

- Sensor survey

- Advanced control strategies

- Skin temperature sensor (if possibly)

- Characterisation of Hybrid Ventilation and Control Strategies in all Pilot Projects


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Action List, WG A1 Characterisation of Hybrid Ventilation and Control Strategies in Pilot Projects

- Coordinator to send updated B&O example to all Pilot Project responsible, by end Oct.

- All Pilot Project responsible to send characterisation to WG A1 coordinator, by end Jan.

- Coordinator to distribute characterisations to WG A1 participants, before next meeting

Sensor survey

- Ole Hendriksen to send format to all Pilot Project responsible, by end Nov.

- CO2, mix gas/VOC, PIR, (infrared), low flow

- Experience (including positioning of sensors)

- Costs (sensors, control system, HybVent solution)

- All Pilot Project responsible to send data to Ole Hendriksen, by end Jan.

- Ole Hendriksen to distribute sensor survey to WG A1 participants, before next meeting

Sensors

- Ad van der Aa and Ole Hendriksen (+ others ?) to install CO2 and VOC sensor in same room in pilot projects if possibly to gain knowledge, a.s.a.p

- Peter Schild to find information on infrared sensors and distribute it to WG A1 partici-pants, a.s.a.p (latest by mid Nov.)

- All to send general information on sensors (reports, papers, articles) to Ad, latest by end Nov.

- Ad van der Aa to update paper: “Sensors, a (financial) barrier to ...”, by end Jan.

- Erhard Mayer to write draft note: “Skin Sensor”, by end Jan.

Controls

- Pierre Michel to write draft report on “Advanced Control of Hybrid Ventilation”, by end Feb.

- Marco Citterio to write a note on advanced control (based on paper on combustion) if possibly

- Invite Siemens/Landis&Stefa (S. Meyer) to give presentation at next meeting or HybVent Forum

- Coordinator to write draft on second half of chapter 2 and chapter 4 in final booklet, to OA, WG A1 participants, all ?? before ??


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IEA Annex 35: HybVent: Work Group A1:

Characterisation of Hybrid Ventilation and Control Strategies

Example of hybrid ventilation and control strategy:

B&O Headquarter, Struer

Søren Aggerholm, SBI

Draft

IAQ

Nat. Mech.

Complexity: Low High

Mec

h

Control: User Auto.

The

rmal

Com

fort

Nat

Sketch of ventilation principle

NS


29-11-00 28

Building size and site

− approx. 1650 m2

− approx. 80 persons (work desks)

− Open area

− No external pollution

− No external noise

General building lay-out

− Three storey

− Limited building depth

− Open plan offices

− No meeting rooms

− (Office wing, part of three wing building complex)

Design aim

− Maximal use of natural ventilation (architect)

Ventilation principle

− Natural ventilation with fan assistance

Control principle

− Central control

− Limited user control

Ventilation strategy

− Inlets distributed along facade at each floor

− Preheating

− Displacement ventilation

− Open floor plan

− Open between floors

− Central extract over roof

− Stack and wind driven

− Fan assistance if needed

− Additional ventilation by opening windows

− Heavy building

Control strategy

Winter: − Time table or occupancy (choose by operator)


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− IAQ or constant ventilation (choose by operator)

− Fully automatic

− Constant supply temperature

− Same air flow through all inlets

− Inlets and extract closed at low temperature or high wind speed

− User control of windows

− Windows closed at high wind speed

Summer: − Centrally controlled night cooling

Ventilation solution

− The inlets in the north facade are low positioned, narrow hatches in front of the floor slap, designed as ordinary windows.

− There are 6 inlet section per floor.

− The inlet air is preheated with a ribbed heating pipe covered in the floor slap.

− Each floor is one large office without partition walls.

− There are open between the floors through the two stairways.

− The extract hoods are positioned on top of the stairways.

− The ventilation is mainly driven by the stack effect and the under pressure at roof level from wind.

− The natural driving forces are supported by a low pressure fan in the extract hood when needed.

− The extract hood also includes a shut-off damper in front of the fan ? and bypass damp-ers on the sides of the fan to reduce the pressure drop when the fan is not operating.

− The design air exchange rate is 1.5 ach. during winter and 3.0 ach. during summer.

− Additional ventilation can be achieved by the occupants by opening the small, high positioned ventilation windows in the south facade or by opening the ordinary windows in the same facade.

− The slaps, the inner leaf of the external walls and the walls around the stairways are made of concrete.

− The ceilings are free from false ceiling and acoustic regulations.

Control implementation

− There are two CO2-sensors and room temperature sensors on each floor.

− There is an air speed sensor in front of each extract hood.

− There is an inlet temperature sensor in each inlet section

− External temperature, wind speed and wind direction is measured on top of the building by the BMS. Rain fall is also detected.


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− There are two different possibilities to distinguish between occupancy hours and none occupancy hours:

- According to time table of normal office hours

- Based on signal from the entrance control system

The selection of mode is done by the operators in the building.

− There are also two different control modes during occupancy hours:

- CO2-control with constant set point

- Constant air exchange rate

The selection of control mode is done by the operators in the building.

− The inlet hatches and the extract dampers are adjusted to achieve the necessary air flow. The primary control is by the hatches.

− The inlet hatches is controlled individual per floor if CO2-control.

− The inlet hatches is controlled together for the building if constant air exchange rate.

− The opening of the individual inlet hatch is adjusted based on the signal to the valve controlling the ribbed heating pipe to have the same opening of all valves and hence have the same airflow through all inlet hatches.

− If the inlet temperature drops below the set point the opening of the inlet hatches is reduced.

− The fan in the extract hood is controlled in cascade with the extract dampers.

− The ventilation windows in the south facade is equipped with motors.

− The ordinary windows are manually operated.

− All windows are controlled by the occupants.

− Night cooling by ventilation is activated if the room temperature during none occupied hours is over ? oC. During night cooling both the inlet hatches, the windows in the south facade and the dampers in the extract hood are fully open. The fan ?

− The inlet hatches are closed if the wind speed is over x ? m/s and the wind direction is east or west. The dampers in the extract hood is also closed if the wind speed is over y ? m/s.

− The inlet hatches and extract dampers are also closed if the external temperature is be-low 0 oC.

− If rain is falling and the wind speed is higher than z ? m/s both the inlet hatches, the extract dampers and the ventilation windows in the south facade are closed.

Advantages and draw backs

The following list of advantages (A) and draw backs (D) are based on information from the building staff and some preliminary observations from the building monitoring programme.

Ventilation strategy


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A Back-up fans ensures the necessary air flow when natural driving forces are insuffi-cient.

A The electricity consumption for back-up fans are very low ( <1 kWh/m2 per year).

A Preliminary monitoring results shows that the displacement ventilation principle is working.

D Short circuit of air between adjacent office areas, which in some cases results in draught problems.

D Mechanical driving forces are dominating natural driving forces, i.e. when fan assis-tance is necessary the fans are turned on and running immediately at full speed.

D The pressure drop at inlets (automatic window, ribbed heat pipe and floor grill) seems high, based on the coincidence of running hours for back-up fans and inlet openings during winter time.

Control strategy A The load of inlet air on the ribbed heat pipes, expressed by the valve position, is used to

adjust the inlet opening area at each floor to achieve a constant air flow.

D The CO2 sensors are not very reliable.

The ribbed heat pipes are used to prevent cold draught, when the demand controlled hybrid ventilation system is turned of, resulting in too high inlet temperatures (25-30ºC) when the hybrid ventilation system is turned on.


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Title Equivalent energy performance targets in standards and regulations

Objective To make a critical analysis of the approach used in present standards (or standard proposals) (in particular: The Netherlands, Denmark, France and Belgium) focusing on energy performance of buildings and to suggest, whenever appropriate, im-provements for stimulation the use of attractive hybrid ventilation concepts

Expected outcome

Guidelines for organisations involved in standards on energy performance targets and for everyone who is interested to integrate the energy performance aspects of hybrid ventilation systems in the overall energy evaluation of buildings. The out-come will be presented in a report

Description The work will consist of the following activities :

� Inventory of existing standards and regulations on energy performance (EP)

� Analysis of procedures with respect to (hybrid) ventilation � Analysis of existing examples of integration hybrid ventilation concepts in EP

standards � Analysis of critical issues and suggestions for improvements in relation to hy-

brid ventilation and EP standards � Workshop with building professionals (small scale workshop)

Time Schedule

Activity Inventory

Procedures & examples Critical issues

Workshop

Milestones

First report existing S&R First draft global report

Final global report Workshop

Chapter in handbook

Coordinator P. Wouters Belgium


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Work Group A2: Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regulations

WG A2 Equivalent Energy Performance Targets in Standards and Regula-tions

Meeting minutes Rotterdam, September 13, 2000

Brussels, October 4, 2000

Peter Wouters, Nicolas Heijmans

Division of Building Physics and Indoor Climate

Belgian Building Research Institute

CSTC - WTCB

04 October 2000

Table of contents

1. Introduction 34

2. Rotterdam meeting – September 13, 2000 34

2.1 Participants 34

2.2 Agenda of the meeting 34

3. Brussels meeting - October 4, 2000 34

3.1 Participants 34

3.2 Agenda of the meeting 35

3.3 Discussion of global approach 35

3.4 Activities for the next months 35

3.5 Workshop on intelligent ventilation systems 36

4. Next meeting 38

5. Contributions to final report 38

6. Action list 39


29-11-00 34

Introduction

In the period May – October 2000, 2 working group meetings of WP A2 were held :

� a 1-day meeting in Rotterdam on September 13

� 1 short meeting during the IEA 35 meeting in Brussels on October 4

This document briefly summarises the outcome of these meetings and the actions planned.

Rotterdam meeting – September 13, 2000

Participants Belgium : P. Wouters, N. Heijmans

Netherlands : A. Van der Aa, W. De Gids

Agenda of the meeting The meeting was focused on the following 2 items :

� Discussion of 1st draft on principle of equivalence A number of recommendations were made with respect to the structure of the report and concerning specific aspects.

The proposal to have an internal system competition was supported. The idea is that each member of the WG has to carefully evaluate the proposed procedures with a given innovative system in mind : are the positive characteristics of his sys-tem taken into account? Are the potential weak points of competing systems also handled,…

� First brainstorming with respect to the organisation of a workshop See § 0.

Brussels meeting - October 4, 2000

Participants Belgium : P. Wouters, N. Heijmans

Denmark : S. Aggerholm

Finland : J. Heikkinen

France : G. Guarracino

Germany : E. Mayer

Netherlands : A. Van der Aa, W. De Gids


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Agenda of the meeting The following items were discussed :

� brief overview recent activities

� organisation of work in relation to principle of equivalence

� further development of written procedure

� preparation of competition

� workshop on intelligent ventilation

� Meeting dates and locations

� Planning of contribution in final report

Discussion of global approach Given the fact that not all the persons attended the Rotterdam meeting, the first part of the meeting was a presentation of the approach agreed at the Rotterdam meeting.

It is agreed that the work has to be continued.

1.1 Activities for the next months See Action list (§ 0)

The development of an assessment concept is far from evident. In order to make it more transparent, the proposal is to work out the concept by comparing the performances of 4 systems with rather fundamental differences in concept and related performances.

Each of the participants is assumed to pay specific attention to a given system and to guar-antee that its performances are well reflected in the approach.

Solution 1 : A. van der Aa High efficiency balanced ventilation system with high efficiency heat recovery system

Solution 2 : W. de Gids Mechanical exhaust system with timer and controlled air supply openings at fixed pressure

Solution 3 : P. Wouters Mechanical exhaust system with controlled air flow supply openings with variable reference pressure and presence detection

Solution 4 : S. Aggerholm Natural ventilation system with fan assistance in supply and exhaust

Solution 5 : G. Guarracino Humidity controlled natural ventilation


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Workshop on intelligent ventilation systems

Context

On May 19-20 1999, a workshop entitled ‘International workshop on Intelligent natural ventilation devices for Indoor Air Quality control’ was organised in Brussels. The objec-tives for this 1st workshop were announced as follows :

‘Differences in national standards, regulations and technical approvals as well as pro-ject specific requirements have in the past represented a barrier to further development and market penetration of intelligent natural ventilation devices. The major aims of this 1 1/2 day workshop is to provide a good overview of the present situation in Europe with respect to this issue and to contribute towards the development of better procedures. Manufacturers, people involved in standardisation, regulation and technical approval bodies as well as architects, consultants and other building professionals will take part in the workshop and exchange their views about future expectations and needs on intel-ligent natural ventilation devices.’

The participants at this workshop were quite enthusiastic and BBRI promised to consider the organisation of a 2nd workshop in 2001.

Planning in relation to 2nd seminar

It is the intention to organise this 2nd workshop on November 26-27 2001 in Belgium. The title of the workshop can be :

‘2nd international workshop on Intelligent natural and hybrid ventilation strategies for Indoor Air Quality control’

Objectives of the workshop

The 2nd workshop has the following main objectives :

� To exchange ideas and information in relation to the topic of intelligent ventilation sys-tems

� To identify priority areas for further action

Target group

The following persons are envisaged as potential participants :

� Industry active in the area of ventilation systems

� Researchers and consultants

� Persons involved in standardisation and regulation

� Designers of low energy buildings

A participation of 20…40 persons is considered as an ideal size for such meeting.

Location and dates

The meeting will be held in Belgium

The meeting is planned on November 26 and 27, 2001.


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Potential presentations

A first indication of possible topics is listed in table 1.

Topic

General presentation : The assessment of quality of intelligent ventilation systems

Energy Performance Regulation : general framework – status in Europe

Intelligent ventilation systems : general overview of trends (demand controlled, low pressure, low fan energy, hybrid ventilation, high efficiency heat recovery, …)

Principle of equivalence : work of IEA 35 WP A2 in general

Principle of equivalence : work of IEA 35 WP A2 example NL school

Principle of equivalence : work of IEA 35 WP A2 proposed methodology

Innovative system presentation and link to principle of equivalence

� Alusta

� Bergschenhoek

� Aereco

� Renson

� UK systems?

� Velux systems

� Scandinavian systems?

table 1 : List of potential topics for presentation

Agenda

The proposal given below foresees 10 hours of presentation.

Day 1

Hour General description 9.30

Coffee

10.00 Welcome

Presentations (90 minutes)

11.30 Coffee break

11.45 Presentations (75 minutes)

13.00 Lunch


15.30 Coffee break


17.00 End of session

19.30 Dinner


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Day 2


11.00 Coffee


13.00 Lunch


15.30 End of meeting

Related projects

A possible link with the following projects can be considered :

� EC_TIPVENT Performance approach for ventilation systems

contact organisation : BBRI

� EC_PHOTOVENT Innovative natural ventilation concept


� EC_AIRLESS Concept of façade component Including intelligent ventilation

contact organisation : BRE

� EC SAVE EnPeR Energy Performance regulation platform


� AIVC Dissemination aspects

Next meeting

A full day working group meeting of WP A2 is scheduled on February 19, 2001 in Brus-sels.

Contributions to final report

The following deliverables are foreseen :

� An independent report of some 30…50 pages

� A short contribution for the summary report


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Action list Nr. Task description By When

1. PLENARY : Present outcome of the meeting at plenary meeting BBRI 5.10

2. MINUTES : Distribution of minutes BBRI 20.10

3. FINAL REPORT : Complete draft report BBRI

4. SYSTEMS : questionnaire for critical aspects BBRI

5. SYSTEMS : make comments on draft report in relation to your system All 25.01

6. NEXT MEETING WP A2 : arrange meeting room BBRI 19.01

7. NEXT MEETING WP A2 : attend meeting All 19.02

8. WORKSHOP : arrange meeting location BBRI 31.12

9. WORKSHOP : inform and invite industry for presentations and demo BBRI 31.01

10. WORKSHOP : detailed proposal for programme BBRI 31.04

11. WORKSHOP : budget estimation BBRI 31.04

12. WORKSHOP : announcement in AIR BBRI


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Title Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets

Objective

Expected outcome

Description

Time Schedule

Activity

Milestones

Coordinator Willem de Gids Netherlands


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Work Group A3: Comfort Requirements and Energy Targets


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Title Application of Analysis Methods in Hybrid Ventilation Design

Objective • To develop design procedure for Hybrid Ventilation

• Specify requirements to analysis methods to be applicable in different phases of the design process

• Specify requirements to data needed as well as level of accuracy in differ-ent phases of the design process

• Estimate expected accuracy of results and necessary input data detail

Expected outcome

Design procedure for hybrid ventilation with recommendations on analysis methods to use as well as on data requirements and on expectations to results

Description The integrated design approach is used in the development (including occu-pant expectation/interaction in design specification). Work will be co-ordinated with whole building design procedure and building analysis tools from IEA-SHC Task 22 and 23.

A preliminary procedure is developed within annex 35. Feedback from the design community is ensured by approaching design teams for certain build-ings and the final design procedure is then developed

Time Schedule

Activity

Preliminary DP Feedback from DC Design Procedure

Milestones

Preliminary DP Design Procedure

Coordinators Per Olaf Tjelflaat Norway Per Heiselberg Denmark


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Work Group A4: Application of Analysis Methods in Hybrid Ventilation Design


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Subtask B Work Groups

WG- B1 Incorporate Thermal Stratification Effects in Analysis Methods Co-ordinator: Yuguo Li

HB Henrik Brohus TC Tomoyuki Chikamoto FC Florence Cron AD Angelo Delsante FH Fariborz Haghighat CI Christian Inard YL Yuguo Li MP Marco Perino

WG-B2 Methods for Vent Sizing Co-ordinator: Willem de Gids

WG Willem de Gids FH Fariborz Haghighat NH Nicolas Heijmans YL Yuguo Li MP Marco Perino PT Paolo Tronville

WG-B3 Input Data Bank Co-ordinator: Malcolm Orme

WG Willem de Gids MO Malcolm Orme MS Mat Santamouris PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat AW Åsa Wahlström TAV Tor Arvid Vik

WG-B4 Development of Probabilistic Methods Co-ordinator: Henrik Brohus

HB Henrik Brohus TC Tomoyuki Chikamoto GF Gian Vincenzo Fracastoro FH Fariborz Haghighat YL Yuguo Li MO Malcolm Orme MP Marco Perino PS Peter Schild


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WG-B5 Wind Flows through Large Openings Co-ordinator: Mats Sandberg

RG Roger Grundman GM Gerard Guarracino FH Fariborz Haghighat PH Per Heiselberg YL Yuguo Li MO Malcolm Orme MP Marco Perino MR Markus Rössler MS Mats Sandberg TS Takao Sawachi

WG-B7 Implement Control Strategies into Models Co-ordinator: Angelo Delsante

HB Henrik Brohus MC Marco Citterio AD Angelo Delsante WG Willem de Gids CI Christian Inard DL David Lorenzetti PM Pierre Michel JP John Palmer MS Mat Santamouris PS Peter Schild AW Åsa Wahlström

WG-B8 Climate Data Co-ordinator: Gian Vincenco Fracastoro

GF Gian Vincenzo Fracastoro MO Malcolm Orme MS Mat Santamouris PW Peter Wouters TAV Tor Arvid Vik


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Work Group Description: B1

Title Incorporation of thermal stratification effects in network modelling

Objective To study the effects of thermal stratification on natural ventilation and de-velop effective algorithms for incorporating thermal stratification in network models of natural and hybrid ventilation.

Expected outcome

A final report describing the findings

Description For network (zonal or multi-zone) based analysis tools, it is often to assume that the flow is fully mixed in a zone, which makes both flow calculation and thermal modelling simple. When thermal stratification is included, one needs to include calculation of thermal stratification in thermal modelling and ef-fects of thermal stratification in airflow calculation.

Work will include literature review, theoretical and experimental study of simple buildings, and algorithm development and evaluation for network-based methods

Time Schedule

Activity Literature review

Modelling model- Reporting

Milestones

Coordinator Yuguo Li Australia


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Work Group B1: Incorporation of Thermal Stratification Effects in Network Modelling


29-11-00 48


Title Methods for Vent Sizing

Objective

Expected outcome

Description

Time Schedule

Activity

Milestones

Coordinator Willem de Gids Netherlands


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Work Group B2: Methods for Vent Sizing


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Title Input Data Bank

Objective The objective is to collect together input data suitable for the evaluation of the developed analysis tools.

Expected outcome

A centralised collection of input data suitable for evaluating the developed analysis tools. This will include data collected from measurements made on the case study buildings, as well as climate data.

Description It is expected that data will mainly be obtained through interaction with the following other Working Groups:

• WG-B6 Evaluation of Analysis Tools - specification of data requirement. This should result in collection of evaluation data for models from

- Grong School, Norway (POT) - B&O Headquarters, Denmark (OJH) - Probe Building, Belgium (PW)

• WG-B8 Climate data

Time Schedule

Activity WG interaction Data collection

Data distribution

Milestones

Data collected Data distributed

Coordinator Name: Malcolm Orme Country: AIVC


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Work Group B3: Input Data Bank

The objective of the Working Group on the Input Data Bank is to collect together input data suitable for the evaluation of the developed analysis tools. (AIVC Technical Note 32 has already been distributed to experimenters.) Data, collected using WG-B6 + WG-B8 recommendations, will be used from the following buildings:

• Mediå School (POT), • B&O Headquarters (OJH), and • PROBE Building (NH).

Action List

It is hoped to collect as much of the experimental data as possible by 15th De-cember 2000. This should be sent at the earliest opportunity to MO. The data format should be:

• Windows Word 97 for descriptive parts (hard copy for detailed drawings), and

• Windows Excel 97 for numerical parts (numerical data at stated measured accuracy).

MO will then distributed the data to the following modellers:

• EnergyPlus (DL), • IDA (JH), • SIBIL (MS), and • CHEMIX (AD).

This will be done within 2 months after receipt, allowing time for any "tidying up" re-quired.


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Title Development of probabilistic analysis methods for hybrid ventilation

Objective To develop probabilistic analysis methods for hybrid ventilation that can predict the uncertainty and probability of critical incidents like unsatisfactory air flows, large energy consumption and poor IAQ.

Expected outcome

Literature review, application and development of stochastic models for hybrid ven-tilation systems, and full-scale measurements. Special focus will be on development of probabilistic multi-zone models (AU, DK) and a probabilistic approach to model performance of Natural Airing Devices (I) and a CFD approach (J)

Description In order to consider the stochastic nature of hybrid ventilation different probabilistic models will be developed and applied based on literature review, analytical models, and full-scale measurements. The models will predict the stochastic output (e.g. energy consumption and air flow rate) when the input parameters are stochastic in nature (e.g. outdoor temperature and wind). The models comprise both steady state and transient conditions.

Statistical analysis of results, sensitivity analysis and accuracy estimation will also be part of the work.

Time Schedule

Activity Literature review Modelling Meas./simulation Reporting

Milestones

Expert meetings X X X X X Section in report X

Coordinator Name: Henrik Brohus Country: Denmark


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Work Group B4: Probabilistic Analysis Methods


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Title Wind flow through large openings

Objective To find what boundary conditions are required to simulate airflow through

large openings. In particular the project will explore to what extent can stan-dard surface pressure coefficients be used.

Expected outcome

A report describing the problem and recommendations for suitable boundary conditions at different configurations.

Description Proper boundary conditions for flow through large openings are notoriously difficult. Pressure coefficients are available for many types of buildings but it is questionable if they can be used as boundary conditions for large openings. The other extreme is to include the atmospheric boundary layer in the compu-tational domain.

The work will start with a literature survey, continue with some simple CFD experiments and if possible some wind tunnel experiments.

Time Schedule

Activity

Literature review --- --- “Experiments” ----------------

Reporting --------

Milestones

Coordinator Name: Mats Sandberg Country: Sweden


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Work Group B5: Wind Flow through Large Openings

Progress MS, MO, TS, WdG, PH, SK attended meeting (MP, MR absent)

MS – continued wind tunnel measurements

TS – (full scale!) wind tunnel measurements

Working Documents / Dissemination Plans Short section in Principle of Hybride Ventilation “

Tenatative content;

Short description of Air Flow Process ”, plus necessary ‘warning flags’, e.g. ”porosity > 5% means can’t use solid body pressure measurements directly”,

+ individual contributor reports as background material on CD,

+ synthesis report.

Action List

First draft of Principle of Hybride Ventilation section one month before next meeting (MS + others)

First draft of synthesis report one month before next meeting (MS + others)

Background reports updated (MS, TS, MP, MR)

WdG to supply existing report to MS (Done)

Drawing with measures of windtunnel models to CFD modellers (MS)


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Title Implement Control Strategies into Models

Objective

Expected outcome

Description

Time Schedule

Activity

Milestones

Coordinator Name: Angelo Delsante Country: Australia


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Work Group B7: Implement Control Strategies into Models

by

Angelo Delsante

31 October 2000

Participants Angelo Delsante (coordinator), Marco Citterio, Florence Cron, Nicholas Heijmans, Chris-tian Inard, Yuguo Li.

Absent but members of group: Henrik Brohus, Willem de Gids, Pierre Michel.

Background to WG-B7 The first meeting was held in Sydney, October 1999, with only three participants and one observer. No conclusions were reached.

The second meeting was held in Athens, April 2000, with nine participants. Key conclu-sions were:

• Implementation of control strategies is very model or tool-specific. The way in which the control strategy is implemented depends on

½ Solver characteristics

½ Variables simulated (e.g. T, CO2, RH…)

½ Level of complexity of the tool/model

• Types of implementation issues include:

½ Are actuators modelled realistically, including their dynamics?

½ Can solvers deal with abrupt changes, e.g. fully open window changing to fully closed over a very short period of time?

½ User interface: what control strategies or facilities can be provided to the user?

• WG-B7 should consider the results of WG-A1 before re-visiting this topic.

Discussion in Brussels The discussion in Brussels focused initially on coupled thermal and airflow models, and the problems that may arise when the time step for thermal simulations is much larger than the time step needed for calculating the air flow or implementing the control strategy. MC may be able to investigate this problem using TRNSYS/COMIS and report on solutions by the next meeting.

Three types of thermal/airflow coupling were discussed:

1. “Ping-pong”: at the end of each time step zone temperatures are passed to the air flow solver which calculates air flows; the air flows are then used as input for the tempera-ture calculations in the next time step (or vice versa)


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2. “Onion”: at each time step, temperatures and air flows are iterated until convergence is reached.

3. “Global onion”: The temperatures are calculated for the entire period of the calculation. A time series of temperatures is passed to the air flow solver which calculates air flows for the entire calculation period using these temperatures. The time series of air flows is then used to re-calculate the temperatures; iteration continues until convergence is rea-ched.

Conclusion: the “global onion” approach is not suitable for implementing realistic control strategies, since it can only handle pure time-schedule strategies.

The group was surveyed on their current approach to implementing control strategies in their tools:

AD (CHEMIX): control is implemented on a case-by-case basis, hard-coded in the Fortran. The “onion” approach is used.

FC/CI (SPARK): will model one or two pilot buildings (thermal and air flow) and imple-ment some control strategies. Progress has been delayed.

MC (TRNSYS/COMIS): uses “onion” approach and can also use “global onion”

NH (CAPSOL + COMIS): will only be able to use “global onion”

HB: planning to develop a single-zone probabilistic model with some control strategies.

WdG: developing a simple tool (COMIS-based) which will allow user to select some con-trol strategies.

(From the Athens meeting: Mat Santamouris (SYBIL): uses Matlab/Simulink. Provides Fuzzy control, PID, On/Off, Neural network)

YL noted the need for a generalised control algorithm that allows user to use all the con-verged variables at the end of a time step, plus the weather data variables for the following time step, to build control strategy rules. In his presentation of the WG conclusions, AD listed the variables and relationships that might be needed for a multi-zone building:

Dependent variables: T1, T2….TN; CO2,1, CO2,2,….CO2,N,…etc

Independent variables: Weather data (temperature, wind speed, solar, etc); time step num-ber; day number; month number; rain; Temperature setpoints; CO2 setpoints; Opening set-points; Fan speeds; etc, etc.

Relationships: IF, THEN, ELSE, AND, NOT, OR, =, >, <, Is in the range [A, B], etc.

One could envisage these lists being presented to the user in a front-end, who could then build control rules by combining elements from each list in a logical way . The problem is how to implement the constructed rules in the simulation code.

Conclusions • The subject of control strategies is a key one. We need a plenary session at the 6th Ex-

pert meeting to discuss control strategies.


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• There is a need to characterise or categorise control strategies using information already obtained from the PS (and other) buildings. This information is expected to come from WG-A1.

Actions • WG-B7 participants to send to Angelo Delsante by 31 January 2001 the following in-

formation:

½ A description of the types of control strategies implemented in their tools/models, and how these are presented in the user interface

½ A description of any problems encountered in implementing the control strate-gies.

• AD to write a report based on WG-B7 feedback for the next meeting

Dissemination Material to appear in Chapter 6 of PHV


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Title Climate Data

Objective

Expected outcome

Description

Time Schedule

Activity

Milestones

Coordinator Name: Gianvi Fracastoro Country: Italy


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Work Group B8: Climate Data


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Work Group Final Report

WG Principles of Hybrid Ventilation Co-ordinator: Per Heiselberg

SA Søren Aggerholm AB Åke Blomsterberg HB Henrik Brohus MC Marco Citterio AD Angelo Delsante GF Gian Vincenco Fracastoro GG Gerard Guarracino FH Fariborz Haghighat JH Jorma Heikkinen PH Per Heiselberg YL Yuguo Li PM Pierre Michel PS Peter Schild POT Per Olaf Tjelflaat PW Peter Wouters TAV Tor Arvid Vik AA Ad van der Aa


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Publication costs of Annex 35 Final Reports (Euro)

Initial Costs Total Costs

No. of copies 2000 5000 10000

State-of-the-art Report 5100 8300 13100 21300

Brochure (6 pages) 1067 2400 4400 7900

CD-R 1333 3200 6000 10700

Editing and graphics 2700 2700 2700 2700

Principles of Hybrid Ventilation 14000 18000 23800 33900

Publication (36 pages) 1000 4800 7800 13200

CD-R 1333 3200 6000 10700

Editing and graphics 10000 10000 10000 10000

Total Costs 19100 26300 36900 55200

Preliminary budget for publication costs based on equal share of 50% of initial cost and preliminary request for publications from each country.

Country SOTAR PHV Fixed cost (50% of actual costs)

Var. Cost Sum Cost/copy

No. of Copies No. of Copies Euro Euro Euro Euro

AU 150 250 632 1115 1747 4.4

B 500 1000 632 4243 4875 3.2

CAN 100 100 632 533 1165 5.8

DK 500 700 632 3296 3929 3.5

FIN 200 200 632 1066 1699 4.2

F 500 500 632 2666 3298 3.3

D 250 500 632 2121 2754 3.7

G 100 100 632 533 1165 5.8

I 500 500 632 2666 3298 3.3

J 50 50 632 267 899 9.0

N 250 500 632 2121 2754 3.7

S 450 600 632 2872 3504 3.3

NL 500 750 632 3454 4086 3.3

UK* 200 200 632 1066 1699 4.2

USA 95 95 632 506 1139 6.0

Sum 4345 6045 9484 28525 38011 3.7


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Principles of Hybrid Ventilation

Preliminary Outline 0) Using this book and enclosed CD-ROM (1 page)

• Visual Chart

1) Introduction to Hybrid Ventilation (3pages) (Author: OA, Review: WG, AD, GG) • Quality and Economics of Hybrid Ventilation • What are the benefits and expectations? Costs, points of concern • Reasons for hybrid ventilation? • Boundaries for the booklet • Definitions

2) Hybrid Ventilation Principles (6 pages) • What are the systems like? (OA, PW)

Alternating natural and mechanical ventilation system Stack and wind supported mechanical ventilation Fan-assisted natural ventilation Type of components

• Summer and cooling season strategy (natural cooling) (WG A1: SA) • Winter and heating season strategy (IAQ and heat recovery) (WG A1: SA) • Three examples (simple description) (WG A1: SA)

3) Hybrid Ventilation Design (8 pages) • Integrated ventilation and building design (WG A4: POT) • Energy performance targets and comfort requirements (WG A3: WG)

Targets and requirements Is the design good enough? Cost effective, first cost, operating cost, IAQ satisfied?

Thermal comfort? Electrical energy? Thermal energy? CO2? Benchmarks, best practice comparison

• When can the systems be used, what are the minimum requirements? Parameters: Outdoor climate , outdoor air quality, building design, building use,

reducing internal and external loads, thermal comfort requirements, IAQ require-ments ⇒ Hybrid ventilation can probably be used/not be used

• Advice to achieve good systems/buildings Ventilation strategy, control strategy/night cooling, cost restrictions ⇒ Best possible “solution” for “my” building

• Natural Ventilation Air Flow Process Air flow around buildings and pressure distribution on building surfaces (WG

B3+B8: ) Air flow characteristics of large and small openings and other elements (WG B5:

MS, S) Air flow in and between rooms in a building and air flow process for whole sy-

stems

4) Control Strategies for Hybrid Ventilation Systems (6 pages) (WG A1: SA; contribution from B7) • Importance of control • HV control parameters and algoritms • Summary of control strategies used and lessons learned from pilot studies • Advanced control strategies

Sensors and systems, Local, central, manual, automatic

5) Analysis of Hybrid Ventilation Performance (4 pages) (Australia, OA)


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• Selection and evaluation of methods • Simple methods (contribution from WG B1, B2) • Complex methods (WG B1, B4, B7)

6) Commissioning, operation and maintenance (2 pages) (AA and PO, NL) Stress the importance How do you find out how the system works? Education of Occupant and utility managers What and how to monitor? How to analyse data?

7) Examples of Hybrid Ventilated Buildings (2pages) (MC, I) • Summary of HV Components • Short summary of Annex 35 case study results and general conclusions

List of contact persons

List of sponsors


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Contents of CD-ROM • Principles of Hybrid Ventilation (hyperlinks to other material in the CD)

o (indication of links in printed version) • SOTAR report (warning, information is not updated, but from project start) • Description of Annex 35, organisation of the work, how to use CD (Editor) • Case study reports

� 2 – page summary � Pilot study report � Additional reports, technical papers etc. � Power point presentation. Format to be discussed

o Wilkinson Office Building, Sydney, Australia (DR, AU) o IVEG Office Building, Hoboken, Belgium (NH, B) o PROBE Office Building, Limelette, Belgium (NH, B) o B&O Headquarters, Struer, Denmark (OJH, DK) o Bertolt Brecht Gymnasium, Dresden, Germany (UM, D) o Palazzina I Guzzini, Recanati, Italy (PP, I) o The Liberty Tower, Meiji, Japan (TC, J) o Tokyo Gas Earth Port, Tokyo, Japan (TC, J) o Fujita Technical Center, Atsugi, Japan, (TC, J) o Mediå School, Grong, Norway (POT, N) o Jaer School, Oslo, Norway (PS, N) o Lavollen, Trondheim, Norway, (POT, N) o Tangå School, Falkenberg, Sweden (ÅB, S) o Waterland School, Leidschenveen, The Netherlands (AA, NL)

• Building Examples o Two-pages summaries

• Technical Reports o WG A1:

� Sensors a financial… (AA, NL) � Sensors (OJH, DK) � Advanced control strategies (PM, F) � Skin temperature sensor (EM, D) � Characterisation of HV and CS in Pilot Studies (one from each pilot study) � [Note on advanced control from combustion (MC, I)]

o WG A2: � Synthesis report: Energy Performance Equivalence Principle (PW, B)

o WG A3: o WG A4: o WG B1:

� Synthesis report: Integrating thermal Stratification in ….. (YL, HK) o WG B2:

� Two software tools (WdG, NL) o WG B3+B8:

� + individual reports (NH, GF) o WG B4:

� Executive summary � Introduction to PM in HV (HB, DK) � Individual reports (HB, DK; TC, J; GVF, I; PS, N; FH,CAN)

o WG B5: � Synthesis report (MS, S) � Individual background report (MS, S; TS, J; MP, I; MR, D)

o WG B7: � Report on implemented control strategies in models (AD, AU)

o Other technical report


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�

• Software • Technical papers

o List of all technical papers (link to abstracts and possibly files) • Technical reports

o List of all technical reports (link to abstracts and possibly files)

• Search Engine???