Term paper

MeC-885

Submitted By:- Submitted To:-

Gopal Gupta Mr. ASHISH K.G.

SARAN

ROE136A29

10905943

Content:-

1.Introduction

2.Mechanism

3.Working Principle

4.General Feature of Shock Absorber

5.Manufacturing Process of Shock Absorber

1.Casing Tube 2.Storage Tube 3.Working Cylinder 4.Piston Rod 5.Piston

6.Valves

6.Types of Shock absorber

Air Shock Absorber

Coil-Over Shock Absorber

Damper Shock Absorber

Dashpots

Mono Tube Shock Absorber

Shocks with Reservoirs

Sport Shock Absorber

Spring Shock Absorber

7.Automotive Shock Absorber

Bike Shock Absorber

Bus Shock Absorber

Car Shock Absorber

Jeep Shock Absorber

Motorcycle Shock Absorber

Trailer Shock Absorber

Truck Shock Absorber

8.Application

9.References

Introduction:-

Shock absorbers are important part of vehicle's suspension, that are fabricated to reduce

shock impulse Shock absorber minimizes the effect of traveling on a rough ground. Modern

vehicles are designed with strong shock absorbers to tolerate any type of bouncy conditions.

If supposedly shock absorber is not used then to control excessive suspension movement,

stiffer springs will be required thereby resulting in harsh ride. But the use of shock absorbers

requires the use of soft springs and hence smooth ride on bouncy conditions.

Mechanism:-

Shock absorber are attached at the end of the piston rod and works against hydraulic fluid in

the pressure tube. The movement of the suspension up and down force the hydraulic fluid

through minute holes inside the piston. However only small amount of fluid is forced inside

the piston. The insertion of fluid reduce the speed of the piston which in turn slows down the

piston, which in turn slows down spring and suspension movement.

The speed of the suspension and the number and size of the orifices in the piston determines

the resistance a shock absorber. Nowadays, shock absorbers are made using this principle.

That is faster movement of suspension means more resistance shock absorber provides.

Shock absorber designed on this basis simply reduces the bounce, Roll or sway and Brake

dive and Acceleration squat.

Working Principle:-

In the standard twin-tube shock absorber design, a piston slides inside an oil-filled cylinder.

Calibrated holes in the piston allow oil to pass between the upper and lower parts of the

cylinder thereby damping the oscillation of the spring. As the piston moves up and down,

forcing the oil through the holes, the piston rod moves in and out of the tube. As it moves in

and out, the rod changes the volume available to the oil. When the volume is reduced, there is

momentarily an excess of oil: this excess is forced back in the oil reservoir (reserve tube)

through the base valve. When the rod moves out again, it creates a vacuum and a volume of

oil equivalent to the displaced rod is drawn through valves in the piston and, at the same time,

through an orifice in the base valve.

There are two cycles in which Shock absorber works:-

Compression Cycle:- In the compression cycle the piston moves downward and compresses the hydraulic fluid in

the chamber which is situated below the piston. In this cycle or downward movement, the

fluid flows to upper chamber from down chamber through piston. Some of the fluid also

flows into reserve tube through the compression valve. Flow is controlled by valves in the

piston and in the compression valve.

Extension Cycle:- In the extension cycle the piston moves upwards toward the top of the pressure tube. The

upward movement results in the compressing of the fluid in the chamber lying above the

piston. The extension cycle generally ( especially in the case of cars and light trucks)

provides more resistance than compression cycle.

General Features Of Shock Absorbers Some of the general features of the shock absorbers are as follows:

Shock absorber has seals that keeps the oil in and contaminant out

The metal used are stronger and harder. Modern shock absorber uses sintered metal

which provides durability and longer life.

Flat metals are used for constructing most of the cylinders which are welded at the

seam.

Nowadays lots of shock absorber so manufactured are velocity sensitive

Manufacturing Process of Shock Absorber:-

There are different types of shock absorbers that are used in various small and big industrial

complexes. The shock absorbers reduce the vibrations and the jerks and help in the smooth

operation of the machines. Automotive industry in particular uses huge quantity of shock

absorbers. The competition and the challenges faced by the automobile manufacturers had led

them to develop shock absorbers of durable quality and strength.

One of the most important type of shock absorber that is used by the manufacturers is non-

pressurized twin tube hydraulic shock absorber. This shock absorber comprises of a cylinder

with a piston moving inside it. The piston on the other hand consists of orifices that enables

the fluid to flow between the compression and rebound chambers. The displaced oil is

collected in the storage tube whereas the heat so generated is dissipated to the atmosphere.

There is no single machine or process that is utilized for the manufacturing of twin tube

hydraulic shock absorber. In order to understand the things better lets discuss the

manufacturing of individual components of the shock absorber separately.

Casing Tube:-

The casing tube is manufactured through the processes like Parting, chamfering and

engraving. The cap is pressed in the casing tube. The cap and the tube is welded through

seam welding. The machines popularly used are Turn-o-mat, engraing machine and welding

machine. The starting material for the manufacturing of casing tube is ERW tube.

Storage Tube:-

The starting material for storage tube is also ERW tube. The manufacturing of storage tube is

similar to casing tube. That is its manufacturing too involves processes like Parting,

chemfering etc. The cap here is also pressed in casing tube. Cap and the tube is welded

together through seam welding process.

Working Cylinder:-

The starting material for manufacturing of Working Cylinder is CRW tube. The process

involved for its manufacturing is Parting, calibration, drilling, chamfering, and deburring.

The machines involved in this venture are Turn-o-mat, hydraulic press and drilling machines.

Piston Rod:-

Piston rod is an important component of the twin tube hydraulic shock absorber. The starting

materials for piston rod is ENB bright bar having diameter between 10 mm to 20 mm. The

manufacturing involves long processes including Turning, drilling, deburring, grinding,

induction hardening, thread rolling etc. The machines involved in the process are drilling

machine, grinding machine, thread rolling machine and chromeplating.

Piston:-

For manufacturing piston, the starting material is semifinished Piston. The process involved

in its manufacturing are lapping and machining for improving geometical accuracy. The main

machine used here is lapping machine.

Valves:-

Disk Valve is used as starting material. Whereas the process used are Punching, Annealing

and Shaping.

Types of Shock Absorber:-

There are different types of shock absorbers which are classified according to their

configuration and usage. Following are some of the important varieties of shock absorbers:

AIR SHOCK ABSORBER:-

Air shock absorber makes the use of compressed air for the spring which is an integral part of

the shock. The addition of air in the shock make the shock absorber stiffer. Air is added by

using standard schrader valve to add air. This shock absorber provides normal dampening

action and on placing the heavy load on the rear of the vehicles, the rubber air cylinder can be

put under pressure to aid the suspension springs. Due to this reason, the air shock absorber is

also called as load-adjustable shock absorbers.

Air shocks or air shock absorber consist of separate, sealed air chamber inside. However this

chamber is sealed therefore it is not subject to aeration. This results in better and smoother

ride than gas shocks. Air shock absorbers can also be used for load leveling.

Working Principle:-

The air shock absorber consists of air chamber which contains valve coming off it.

Depending on the situation, the air chamber can be both inflated or deflated. Filling the air to

the rear shocker gives better steering control to the boat. In some navigator, the system makes

an adjustment and inflates or deflates the air shocks accordingly.

Features:- Air shock absorber consists of following general features:

All Weather Fluid of the air shock absorber reduces friction and ensure smooth rod

reaction.

For smooth and controlled ride there is better valving range available on both the

compression and extension cycles of the unit.

Air shock absorber also contains sintered Iron Piston which enhances the durability

for long service life.

Air sleeves of the shock absorber are generally lubricated that reduces friction for

longer service life.

The air fittings of the shock absorber prevents air leakage.

The volume of the air chamber is quite large that can well inflate with loaded vehicle

and deflates for normal driving.

Coil-Over Shock Absorber:-

Safe vehicle is one that has smooth and responsive suspension system. Coil-over shocks are

simple designed shock absorber that gives effective control and smooth riding to the vehicle.

It comes in various heights depending on the requirements of the vehicle. The coil over shock

absorber is engineered in such a way that it reduces chassis flex when your vehicle is

cornering. The shock absorber is capable of giving good absorption and dampening levels.

Simply speaking coil spring is adjusted over and around the shock body. Through this an

additional spring rate is added to the shock absorber.

In this type of shock absorber both the spring and shock absorber is assembled as a single

unit and if there is any problem in the spring the shock absorber, it is replaced as a unit. Coil

over shock absorber is known for its effective damping without torsional loads. It can be also

adjusted to different ride height and hardness.

Advantages:- Coil over shock absorber has certain advantages which are as follows:

It gives optimal damping.

Good handling and braking.

Comfortable ride.

Comes in different heights.

It is available for different types of vehicles.

Durable and lasts longer.

Suitable for different road conditions.

Damper Shock Absorber:-

Damper shock absorber or simply damper is device that is designed for providing absorption

of shock and smooth deceleration in linear motion applications. The dampers can be either

mechanical or rely on a fluid. Dampers like other shock absorber absorbs shock by

controlling the flow of the fluid from outer to inner chamber of a cylinder during piston

actuation. The damper shock absorbers can be adjusted to different road conditions and

provides good balance to the vehicles.

Features of Damper Shock Absorbers:- Some of the important features of the damper shock absorbers are:

They have good adjustable configuration.

The force capacity can be reduced by letting out the gas.

The position of the dampers can be locked easily either at the ends or at the middle of

the stroke.

In case of fluid dampers, valve is used for increasing or decreasing fluid volume or

pressure.

Dashpots:-

Dashpots utilizes viscous friction for resisting motion. Dashpots consist of piston which

moves through a viscous fluid in conjunction with a spring, in shock absorbers. The damping

force is proportional to the velocity of the movement. During motion this damping force

reacts in the opposite direction. This movement in the opposite direction the damping force

so created counteracts the motion and absorbs energy. There are two specifications that

characterized dashpots.

Dashpots Specifications:-

The stroke and the damping coefficient.

Linear displacement of the dashpot is measured by the stroke whereas damping force

per velocity is measured by the damping coefficient.

Dash pot is commonly used as shock absorber in various vehicles.

It is also used in door closer device.

In a dashpot, velocity produced is always linearly proportional to the force applied.

Symbolically it can be represented as:

f(t)= µv(t)

µ= dashpot impedance

f(t)= is the applied force at time t

v= the velocity

Mono Tube Shock Absorber:-

Mono tube shock absorber or monotube shock regulates the flow of the oil between the

compression and compensation chambers by using mechanically fixed base valve. The shock

also utilizes compressible bladder in the compensation chamber for allowing volume

compensation. The use of base valve and the compressible bladder together eliminate the

need for pressurized gas and a floating piston which were the important features of the

traditional monotube dampers.

Working Principle:-

In mono tube design, the damping force is created by deflective discs which are heat treated

stainless spring steel. The discs are generally stacked in a pyramid pattern. The shim with the

largest diameter faces the piston. The disc which is in close proximity to piston open first and

allows the flow of the oil. The rate of the shock both on compression and rebound can be

changed by increasing thickness and sometimes diameters.

Monotube shock absorber consists of two chambers which are stacked on each other and are

separated by a "floating piston". Both the piston are filled with oil and gas respectively. In the

oil filled chamber damping forces are created. The gas chamber is separated by a floating

piston. The compression of shock results in the compression of the air chamber by the

floating piston which displaces the volume of the shaft. This type of pressure creates the rod-

pressure.

Benefits:-

Gives good control and smooth ride.

Monotube Shocks Can be mounted at any angle.

It is lighter as compared to equivalent twin tube designs.

Has high severity life.

Adjusts to road conditions automatically.

Features:- The features of the mono tube shock absorber include:

It has distinctive mono disc design.

The vehicle can be assembled easily.

Weight is light.

Element of lag and fade is absent.

Reliable and durable.

It also comes in controlled ride application.

Shocks with Reservoirs:-

Reservoir shocks or shocks with reservoir are mainly designed for serious off-road use in the

most complicated and difficult applications. It is effective in variable road conditions and

provides comfort and hassle free ride. In this type of shocks, external reservoir is used for

housing extra needed air space during a shocks compression cycle. But this is not air but

nitrogen.

The reservoir also holds some extra fluid. However the design of reservoir shocks or shocks

with reservoir is different from the traditional shock absorber. The complete body of the

reservoir shock is completely submerged in the shock oil. Every shock absorber in order to

work properly, uses little space for proper working. Some shocks have dead air at the top of

the valve body whereas some other use twin-tube model for the required expansion.

General Characteristics:- Shocks with reservoir or reservoir shocks have some general Characteristics which are as

follows:

The capacity of external reservoir is good.

Reservoir hose is made of Stainless steel.

Dissipates heat more effectively.

Superior handling and performance due to large piston diameter.

Valves are reacts quickly to changing surface conditions giving maximum comfort

and control.

Valving of the shock absorber is engineered in such a way that it performs well in all

type of road conditions.

Oil foaming, shock fade and performance loss is minimized due to the pressure of

Nitrogen.

Advantages of Reservoir Shocks

The advantages of reservoir shocks are:

Easy to mount in a convenient place.

Consist of High/Low speed compression that can be easily adjusted.

Many reservoir shock can easily adjust the preload.

The cooling property is excellent thereby providing constant shock absorption and

longer life. It these shock absorbers are generally of light weight and use of high

quality materials.

Sport Shock Absorber:-

Sports Shock Absorber is an ideal replacement for the standard dampers of your car. It is

slightly shorter and is designed to match the sport spring. It also firm up the cars suspension

and improves the cars handling. Sport shock absorbers and lowering springs provide the car

superb road-holding qualities and gives look and the feel of the real sports car.

Sport shock absorber along with the lowering springs results in the lowering of the the center

of gravity of the car. These combined with good suspension system, results in better steering

qualities and reduced body movement.

Using sports shock absorbers you can uprate your cars handling and driving feel. Generally

these shock absorber are used along with lowering springs for good results. Sports shock

absorbers are also compatible with your standard springs which once fitted, helps in handling

and holding the car than what it did as standard.

Spring Shock Absorber:-

Spring shock absorber as the name suggests is used to absorb the jerks or bumps by using coil

spring. The spring shock absorber is given stiffer character by tightening the spring. The

center of the spring shock absorber usually contains rebound dampening unit. As the shock

absorber changes the length the flow fluid inside the shock absorber starts.

Springs length is usually controlled by turning the disc at the bottom of the spring on the

threads. The shorter spring length increases the preload, making the rear wheel more resistant

to upward motion. The dampening is both controlled and adjusted in the spring shock

absorber by controlling the fluid reservoir. If the dampening is increased the motion of the

shock is slowed down.

The spring type of shock absorbers are usually utilized for protecting the delicate

mechanisms, like instruments, from direct impact or or loads that are applied instantaneously.

These types of springs are often made of rubber or similar elastic material.

Benefits:-

The damping effect is good.

Smooth ride due to fine handling and braking.

For different purposes, springs of different height are used.

Used in various types of vehicles.

Usually manufactured from the durable materials.

Functions excellently in all road conditions.

Automotive Shock Absorber:-

Automotive shock absorber functions by forcing oil through small internal passages in a

tubular housing. It is an important device that functions by converting the motion (kinetic

energy) into heat. The device ensures vehicle control, comfortable ride, and prolongs the life

of other components. Automotive shock absorber falls in two important categories:

Gas Charged Automotive Shock Absorber:-The gas charged automotive shock absorber

uses nitrogen gas that prevents bubble formation in the oil and enhances the capacity of the

shock absorber.

Conventional Automotive Shock Absorber:- In conventional automotive shock absorber

piston's movement inside a cylinder is damped by the passing of oil through one or more

orifices.

The auto shock absorber manages the suspension movement and the action of the spring. It

plays major role in maintaining the stability of the chassis and body even in the irregular road

conditions.

Types:-

Bike Shock Absorber:-

The shock absorbers additionally provide extra balance to the bikes along with the shock

absorbing function. But, this balance can be obtained optimally, if there is a match exist

between the rear and front shock absorbers of a given bike. If there is a worm front fork in the

bike and a new shock absorber is also fitted in the bike along with a fresh spring then this

bike will almost certainly end up front heavy. The front forks will get a steep angle from a

high rear end and a low front. This causes quick and little bit nervous steering, especially

when braking hard. Another thing that may happen that the rider may also feel a tendency of

the bike to over steer.

Bike shock absorbers are usually suitable for the force and mass imposed in a car. When the

shift travel of the shock absorber of bike matches with the suspension travel by the use of

properly calculated motion ratios, the excellent results can be achieved from these calculated

motion ratios. These good results are obtained as long as the damping rates can be matched to

the application.

The mountain bike shock absorbers are designed in such a way so that these can allow the

riders and the bikes to avoid leaps from cliffs. These shock absorbers work along with the

springs and the combination of shock absorber and springs represents a real sock absorbing

system.

Bus Shock Absorber:-

Bus is an essential medium for transportation. It has to travel long distance in all terrain

before it reaches destination. Every one be it a passenger or the driver would like have a ride

that is smooth and free from bumps. This problem of bus is reduced by the use of shock

absorber. Bus which does not uses shock absorber has to rely on stiff springs that stores

kinetic energy in itself and pass it on to the vehicles and the components. No doubt in this

case ride cannot be expected to be smooth. The problem however is and can be reduced or

eliminated by the use of shock absorber that works on the principle of storing and dissipating

the kinetic energy in the form of heat.

General Features:-

The shock absorbers are consistent and the damping is over a wide range of

temperature range, and absorbing reaction under all conditions.

Most of the shock absorbers design have temperature resistant sealing system.

The hydraulic fluid of the bus shock absorber are also generally temperature resistant.

They are highly durable and can be installed easily.

Improves driving comfort.

Car Shock Absorber:-

Car Shock absorbers along with the struts helps in keeping the tyres firmly on the road and

hence give the driver smooth and pleasant drive. Shock absorbers along with suspension, are

used to provide smoother pivots. They are used for dampening the up and down oscillation of

the car's leaf springs. The principle behind the working is simple that it ease out the shock

impact to disperse kinetic energy by changing motion into heat.

In different cars different types of shock absorber. Shock absorber used in cars are

determined largely by the car's construction, set up, race track qualities, driving dynamics and

weight allocation. Improvement in the bonding of the chassis movement and weight transfer

improves the performance and driving dynamics of the car. The shock value differ from car

to car. The shock value is design to provide maximum speed to the car and the distinct

driving style to the driver.

Working of Car Shock Absorber:-

The principle on which the shock absorber works is that it moves the spring and convert the

kinetic energy into heat. There is a piston rod that works with the hydraulic fluid on the car's

pressure tube. The movement of the suspension forces the hydraulic fluid to the tiny holes

inside the piston however as the hole is small, the piston slows down and reduce the

movement of the suspension and spring.

The resistance depends on the quantity and size of the holes or orifices in the piston and the

suspension's movement. Many car uses very advanced shock absorbers having velocity

hydraulic damping devices. This lead to the speedy movement of the suspension in order to

attain greater resistance.

There are different designs in which car shock absorbers are available. The most popular

shock absorber are twin tube designs and mono tube designs. There are two tubes in twin

tube shock absorber. It consists of an inner and outer tube which work together for achieving

the intended purpose. Mono tube on the other hand consists of single tube which is mounted

in an upside down position to decrease weight. Some of the shock absorber also comes with

nitrogen gas at the end of the piston which reduce foaming and increase the performance.

For racing purpose Shock absorbers are essential in order to reach optimum speed and

performance. For racing purpose, shock absorbers come in various disk designs and valve

combinations.

The factors which should be considered for achieving proper shock absorber

positioning are:-

Rebound resistance from within the shock.

Compression pressure inside the shocks.

Distance rearward from the axle.

Arc of travel from the car's locating arms.

The compression or rebound travel.

The effectiveness of its purpose is also dependent upon its location. For cars equipped with

suspension that moves up and down like Ford, shock absorbers must be mounted on the

outboard as close as possible on the ball joints. The versatility of Ford shock absorbers allows

easier adjustment to cope with various road conditions. The location of shock absorbers may

depend upon the specifications and features of the car.

Jeep Shock Absorber:-

Jeep models or jeep vehicles can be seen on all kinds of automotive activities. The

capabilities of jeep is not limited into a singular function. The unsurpassing performance of

jeep is the outcome of its careful design. The accessories are assembled to enable it to

challenge the harshness and ruggedness of the off-road functions. It is the shock absorber that

gives the jeep a character and enable it to handle the harsh road conditions. Simply putting, it

efficiently controls and regulates the suspension movement and absorb the shocks produced

from bumpy rides.

The shock absorber that is mostly used in the jeep is the hydraulic shocks. This shock

absorber is cylindrical containing hydraulic air or fluid that contains a sliding piston.

Hydraulic shock absorber can be either of mono tube design or double tube design. In some

models air filled shock absorber or the gas charged shock absorber are also used.

For effective functioning of the shock absorber and the suspension system it is necessary that

they are maintained regularly. Monitoring the suspension system is necessary and if there is

an excessive bounce in the jeep it means the shock absorber is faulty which should be

replaced immediately.

Motor Cycle Shock Absorber:-

With a suspension geometry that consists of fork angle and height, motorcycles are designed.

Changing of components from the suspension geometry of motorcycles can affect the

geometry, therefore, it is advisable that the front and rear ends of motorcycles must match

each other. When the front and rear shock absorber components interact properly, the

optimum result can be achieved.

Fluid Flow in Motorcycle Shock Absorbers:-

The fluid of the shock absorbers is forced through the needle valves at a slow rate . It can also

be forced through a number of other apertures, which are present in the piston. The shims

regulate the flow of fluid. The shims are the steel washers. At high pressure of fluid flow, the

shims are deflected from their position. The features of the damping action can be altered by

changing the thickness, number or diameter of the shims.

When the shock absorbers of motorcycles get compression due to the movement of the

motorcycles, through the needle valves (combination of return valves and compression

valves), the fluid starts to flow in the piston road. During rapid compression, when the

velocity of the piston is high, the needle valves are not sufficient for the flowing of the fluid.

In this case the fluid starts to flow through the shims, which are present just beneath the

piston. The fluid is forced into the external fluid chamber, which is displaced through the

piston rod. A separate compressive valve is used through which the fluid is being force into

the external fluid chamber. Although, this valve is attached with the shims, which open

during the high piston velocity.

Setting of Shock Absorbers in Bikes & Motorcycles:-

Place the bike or the motorcycle on its stand.

To keep the suspension of the vehicle in full extended position, raise the rear end of

the vehicle.

Either from the lower edge of the rear mud guard or from any point just above the rear

wheel axle marked by a piece of tape, the distance is measured (R1).

Similar measurement is done on the front axle also. (Between bottom of the upper

fork crown and the front wheel axle) (F1).

For applying load on the springs, the motorcycle or the bike is allowed (With our

rider). The measurement process is repeated (R2, F2).

In this step, take the measurements (same as step E), but this time the measurement is

taken with rider (R3, F3).

Inspection & Maintenance of Two-Wheeler Shock Absorbers:-

Soft detergent can be used for external wash of these shock absorbers.

Compressed air can also be used for this purpose.

The place used for cleaning the shock absorbers, should be clean.

The bump rubber should also be lifted, while cleaning it.

Frequent oil spray should be applied on these shock absorbers and these should keep

clean.

Detergent never be used for cleaning these absorbers, because detergent may erode

the external surface.

Brake cleaner and thinner can be used for quick drying-up of the surface of these

absorbers.

Normally, the pressure of gas of the absorbers should not be changed of altered. Some

special purpose equipments can be used for altering the gas pressure of these

absorbers.

Inspection of Two-Wheeler Shock Absorbers

For more frequent and smoother play, the ball joints should be checked regularly.

For preventing any leakage and damage, the piston shafts of the absorbers should be

checked.

The external reservoirs of the absorbers must also be checked.

Prevent the excessive wear and tear of different rubber equipments present within the

absorbers.

Ensure the secure and tight fastening of the shock-absorbers in the two-wheelers.

Truck Shock Absorber:-

Truck shock absorber is engineered to absorb the up-and-down shock created by the springs

when the truck hit a bump. Apart from giving smooth drive it keeps the truck controllable

after a bump. Bad shock absorber on the other hand are not only uncomfortable but also

dangerous. Trucks without shock absorbers will have more bouncing ride. In rugged terrain,

the energy is stored in the spring which is released to the vehicle which might cause the

damage to the vehicle if exceeded the allowed range of suspension movement.

In any automobile or heavy vehicles like trucks, springs and shock absorbers are mounted

between the wheels and the frame. When the truck hit the hole or the bump, it is possible that

the spring absorbs the resultant shock by expanding and contracting. If there is no shock

absorber, then the springs might shake the frame excessively. However, the use of shock

absorber, prevent this shaking.

The truck shock absorber can be of different types like gas shock absorber, hydraulic shock

absorber adjustable air shocks etc. Gas pressure truck shock absorber gives excellent control

and stability. Handling is precise and the performance is incredible. The gas pressure shock

absorber can be either mono tube design or dual tube design.

Types of truck shock absorbers:- Truck shock absorbers improves the road performance of the truck, cushion road impact,

prevent excessive chassis rebound, improves handling and gives bump free ride. Some of the

important types of truck shock absorbers commonly used are:

1. Heavy duty shocks

2. Gas-charged shocks

3. Coil over booster shocks

4. Rear air shocks

Trailer Shock Absorber:-

Trailers & Semi Trailers are increasingly fitted with pneumatic air suspension to ease the

transport of fragile goods and to protect the vehicle body. Shock Absorbers designed for

these application are characterized by high load carrying capacity and having large spring

deflections. By installing pneumatic air suspension shock absorbers in the trailers, the

jerkings and bounces can be drastically reduced. The towing capacity of the trailers also

increases.

Features of Trailer Shock Absorbers:-

Shock absorbers used for trailers and other heavy vehicles should be engineered to

withstand heavy load and stress applied by the vehicles. These shock absorbers should

also possess pneumatic suspensions.

These should have the ability to absorb shocks consistently even at a very high

temperature and in all conditions. Therefore, the modern shock absorbers consist of

hydraulic fluid (range in between of -40°C to +40°C) and high temperature resistant

sealing system.

There are high durability bushing systems present in these shock absorbers, which

increase the life of the shock absorbers and also make the installation easier.

The shock absorbers are designed in such a way, so that these can enhance the comfort

during driving.

Applications:-

Shock absorbers are engineered for various purposes. They are designed in various shapes

and sizes for meeting the needs of different industries. The industries in which these shock

absorbers are used are:

Automobile and motorcycle suspensions

Aircraft landing gear

In various industrial machines

In structural engineering to reduce the effect of earthquake and resonance

References:-

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/

http://www.eu.tenneco-automotive.com/monroe/hydraulic_absorber.htm

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/manufacturing-process.html

http://www.aikoautoparts.com/hydraulic-shock-absorber.htm

http://www.auto-car-shop.com/13439/what-are-the-different-types-of-shock-

absorbers/

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/shock-absorber-types.html

baixarpdf.net/automobile-hydraulic-shock-absorber-pdf

www.mtc.edu.eg/ASAT13/pdf/HC04.pdf

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/bus-shock-absorber.html

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/bike-shock-absorber.html

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/car-shock-absorber.html

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/jeep-shock-absorber.html

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/motorcycle-shock-absorber.html

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/truck-shock-absorber.html

http://www.shockabsorbersworld.com/trailer-shock-absorber.html