hydraulics iii pumps ppt

7/29/2019 Hydraulics III Pumps Ppt

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Hydraulics Section III:Hydraulics Section III:

PumpsPumps

Paul Trotta, P.E., Ph.D.Paul Trotta, P.E., Ph.D.

Justin Ramsey, P.E.Justin Ramsey, P.E.

Chad CooperChad Cooper

University Curriculum DevelopmentUniversity Curriculum Development

for Decentralized Wastewaterfor Decentralized WastewaterManagementManagement


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NDWRCDP DisclaimerNDWRCDP DisclaimerThis work was supported by the National Decentralized WaterThis work was supported by the National Decentralized Water

Resources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) withResources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) withfunding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyfunding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

through a Cooperative Agreement (EPA No. CR827881through a Cooperative Agreement (EPA No. CR827881--0101--0)0)

with Washington University in St. Louis. These materials havewith Washington University in St. Louis. These materials havenot been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protectionnot been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency. These materials have been reviewed byAgency. These materials have been reviewed by

representatives of the NDWRCDP. The contentsrepresentatives of the NDWRCDP. The contentsof these materials do not necessarily reflect the views andof these materials do not necessarily reflect the views and

policies of the NDWRCDP, Washington University, or the U.S.policies of the NDWRCDP, Washington University, or the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, nor does the mention of tradeEnvironmental Protection Agency, nor does the mention of trade

names or commercial products constitute their endorsement ornames or commercial products constitute their endorsement orrecommendation for use.recommendation for use.


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CIDWT/University DisclaimerCIDWT/University Disclaimer

These materials are the collective effort of individuals fromThese materials are the collective effort of individuals fromacademic, regulatory, and private sectors of theacademic, regulatory, and private sectors of the

onsite/decentralized wastewater industry. These materials haveonsite/decentralized wastewater industry. These materials havebeen peerbeen peer--reviewed and represent the current state ofreviewed and represent the current state of

knowledge/science in this field. They were developed through aknowledge/science in this field. They were developed through aseries of writing and review meetings with the goal of formulatiseries of writing and review meetings with the goal of formulatingnga consensus on the materials presented. These materials do nota consensus on the materials presented. These materials do not

necessarily reflect the views and policies of University ofnecessarily reflect the views and policies of University ofArkansas, and/or the Consortium of Institutes for DecentralizedArkansas, and/or the Consortium of Institutes for Decentralized

Wastewater Treatment (CIDWT). The mention of trade names orWastewater Treatment (CIDWT). The mention of trade names orcommercial products does not constitute an endorsement orcommercial products does not constitute an endorsement or

recommendation for use from these individuals or entities, norrecommendation for use from these individuals or entities, nordoes it constitute criticism for similar ones not mentioned.does it constitute criticism for similar ones not mentioned.


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CitationCitation

Trotta, P.D., and J.O. Ramsey. 2005. HydraulicsTrotta, P.D., and J.O. Ramsey. 2005. Hydraulics

III: PumpsIII: Pumps -- PowerPoint Presentation.PowerPoint Presentation. inin (M.A.(M.A.Gross and N.E. Deal, eds.) UniversityGross and N.E. Deal, eds.) University

Curriculum Development for DecentralizedCurriculum Development for Decentralized

Wastewater Management. NationalWastewater Management. NationalDecentralized Water Resources CapacityDecentralized Water Resources Capacity

Development Project. University of Arkansas,Development Project. University of Arkansas,

Fayetteville, AR.Fayetteville, AR.


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Section Objectives:Section Objectives:

Know the different types and classes ofKnow the different types and classes ofPumps and the best applications of eachPumps and the best applications of each

Understand how to optimize the PumpUnderstand how to optimize the PumpDesign Issues to maximize pumpDesign Issues to maximize pump

effectivenesseffectiveness

Use Affinity Law calculationsUse Affinity Law calculations

Understand main characteristics of pumpsUnderstand main characteristics of pumps

used in onsiteused in onsite


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Classification of PumpsClassification of Pumps

Among the many types of pumps available are:Among the many types of pumps available are:

SpecialSpecial--Effect PumpsEffect Pumps Jet (Jet (EductorEductor))Gas LiftGas Lift RotaryRotary

ElectromagneticElectromagnetic Hydraulic RamHydraulic RamGearGear ForceForce GrinderGrinder

Positive Displacement PumpsPositive Displacement Pumps


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Centrifugal PumpsCentrifugal PumpsCentrifugal pumps are the most widely used pump

Centrifugal pumps depend on centrifugal forces

The advantages of the centrifugal pump are its simple

construction and operation, space requirements and rotary action.

Impeller Designs

Centrifugal Pump


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Rotary PumpsRotary PumpsThe rotary pump continuously scoops water from the pump

chamber. There are three classifications of a rotary pump, gear-

type, vane-type and screw-type.

Rotary Pump Section


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Rotary Vane Type PumpRotary Vane Type Pump

Operation is basedon increasing the

size of the cavity to

form a vacuum andthen forcing the fluid

out under pressure

by reducing the sizeof the cavity.


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ScrewScrew--Type PumpType PumpLiquid is carried between screw threads on rotors and is

displaced as the screws rotate and mesh.


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Reciprocating PumpReciprocating Pump

A piston or plunger

differentiates the

reciprocating pump froma centrifugal pump.

Two types: the liftpump and the force

pump.


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Lift PumpLift Pump

The force pump

actually lifts and

forces the water

against an

external pressure.


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Pump Design IssuesPump Design Issues

Efficiency:Efficiency:The difference between the brake and hydraulic power is theThe difference between the brake and hydraulic power is the

friction power or friction horsepower and is accounted for by thfriction power or friction horsepower and is accounted for by thee

pump efficiency.pump efficiency.

Steep versus Shallow PerformanceSteep versus Shallow PerformanceCharacteristicsCharacteristics

A steep pump curve will provide a stable flow over variousA steep pump curve will provide a stable flow over various

pressures.pressures.Shallow pump curves will provide a steady pressure with varyingShallow pump curves will provide a steady pressure with varying

flows.flows.


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HorsepowerHorsepowerWhen pushing water the pump performs work. The two basicWhen pushing water the pump performs work. The two basic

terms for horsepower are Hydraulic Horsepower and braketerms for horsepower are Hydraulic Horsepower and brake

horsepower. When pushing water two basic terms forhorsepower. When pushing water two basic terms forhorsepower are hydraulic horsepower (horsepower are hydraulic horsepower (whpwhp) and brake) and brake

horsepower (horsepower (bhpbhp).).

Affinity LawsAffinity LawsPump performance may be changed either by changing thePump performance may be changed either by changing the

impeller, motor or both. To change the pump performanceimpeller, motor or both. To change the pump performance

characteristics certain basic laws are valid for all centrifugalcharacteristics certain basic laws are valid for all centrifugal

pumps. These laws are called the affinity laws.pumps. These laws are called the affinity laws.


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Multiple PumpsMultiple PumpsSeries pump operation is achieved by having one pumpSeries pump operation is achieved by having one pump

discharge into the suction of the next.discharge into the suction of the next.

Parallel operation is achieved by having two pumps dischargeParallel operation is achieved by having two pumps dischargeinto a common pipe.into a common pipe.

Characteristics of Pumps used in OnsiteCharacteristics of Pumps used in Onsitea.a. Ability to pass solidsAbility to pass solids

b.b. Relatively flat head versus discharge curveRelatively flat head versus discharge curve

c.c. Two Phase versus Three Phase PowerTwo Phase versus Three Phase Power

d.d. Impervious to Sewage CharacteristicsImpervious to Sewage Characteristics

e.e. Easily Maintained and/or ReplacedEasily Maintained and/or Replacedf.f. High Head for systems using orificesHigh Head for systems using orifices

hydraulics iii pumps ppt

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