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8/18/2019 Hydraulicturbines Copy 131206011013 Pphpapp01

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HYDRAULIC TURBINES AND

ITS CLASSIFICATION

SPONDAN S. BORA


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DefnitionHydraulic Turbine is a prime mover that

uses the energy of flowing water and

converts it into the mechanical energy inthe form of rotation of runner wheel.

Also termed as ‘water turbines’.


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Flow sheet o hydroelectric powerplant


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ClassifcationBased on hydraulic action of water

Based on direction of flow

Based on head of water and quantity of flow

Based on specific speed

Based on disposition of turbine shaft

Based on name of originator (commonly usedturbines


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Based on hydraulic action o waterImpulse turbine ! "ne in which all the energy

of water is converted to #inetic energy before the

water stri#es the vanes of the runner wheel. Thisis done by passing the flow through no$$le or

some guidelines. The runner is rotated by the

force of water and water passes over the wheelat atmospheric pressure.

%&' elton )heel


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Ipulse !ur"ine


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Reaction Turbine ! Here* water entering the runner

wheel of the turbine has both #inetic energy andpressure energy that is total head of water stri#ing

the runner wheel *consist partly of pressure head.

%.g' +rancis turbine* ropeller turbine* ,aplan

turbine


8/19Reaction !ur"ine #$aplan !ur"ine%


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Based on direction o

&ow Radial flow turbine ! A radial flow turbine is a turbine in

which the water as it move along the vane flow towards

the a&is of rotation or away from it. -adial flow turbine is of two types!

I. Inward flow turbine ! f the flow of water is towards the

a&is of rotation* its called inward flow turbine.

II. Outward flow turbine ! f the flow of water is away from

the a&is of rotation * its called outward flow turbine.


10/19Radial Flow !ur"ine


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Axial flow turbine ! ts the turbine in which water

enters the runner wheel parallel to the direction of

a&is of rotation of runner.

%&' ,aplan turbine* ropeller turbine

Tangential flow turbine ! ts the turbine in which

water stri#es the runner wheel tangentially to the

path of rotation.

%&' elton turbine


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A'ial Flow !ur"ine


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Mixed flow turbine ! t’s the turbine in which

the direction of flow is partly radial and partly

a&ial. )ater enters the blade radially andcomes out a&ially parallel to the turbine shaft.


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Based on head o water and

(uantity o &owHigh head turbine ! when head is above /01 m

%&' elton wheel

Medium head turbine ! when head is between 21m 3 /01m%&' +rancis turbine

Low head turbine ! )hen head is between 40'21 m

%&' #aplan turbineVery low head turbine! )hen is head is less than 40m

%&' ropeller turbine


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Based on specifc speedSpecific speed Types of turbine

41'50 elton wheel with one no$$le

50'21 elton wheel with two or more

no$$le* 6ulti 7et pelton wheel

21'511 +rancis turbine

511'4111 ,aplan turbine


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Based on disposition o tur"ineshat

Turbine shaft may be either vertical or

hori$ontal. elton turbine usually havehorizontal shafts whereas the rest have

vertical shafts.


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Based on nae o

ori)inatorPelton wheel ! Tangential flow impulse turbine

used for high head of water.

Francis turbine ! nward flow reaction turbine usedfor medium head of water.

Kaplan turbine ! A&ial flow ad7ustable blades

reaction turbine used for low head of water.Propeller turbine ! +i&ed blades a&ial flow reaction

turbine used for very low head of water.


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Francis !ur"inePropeller !ur"ine$aplan !ur"ine


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!*AN$ +O,

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