HYDRO POWER PLANT PRESENTATION UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Respected Madam : VANDANA PANDEY

Respected Sir : SMIT NIMBARTE

JAWAHAR EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

A.C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210

NAME ROLL NO

1. GAWADE ABHISHEK 133324

2. KHAN RASHID 133335

3. MOMAYA ANANT 133345

4. VIVEK PHALE 133355

5. KEKAN SANJAY 133372

6. MANIAR YASH 133374

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

THE OBJECTIVE OF A HYDROPOWER SCHEME IS TO CONVERT

THE

POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A MASS OF WATER, FLOWING IN A

STREAM WITH A

CERTAIN FALL TO THE TURBINE (TERMED THE "HEAD"),

INTO ELECTRIC

ENERGY AT THE LOWER END OF THE SCHEME, WHERE THE

POWERHOUSE

IS LOCATED. THE POWER OUTPUT FROM THE SCHEME IS

PROPORTIONAL

TO THE FLOW AND TO THE HEAD.

WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

HYDROLOGY

• MeteorologyStudy of the atmosphere including weather and

climate.

• Surface water hydrologyFlow and occurrence of

water on the surface

of the earth.

• HydrogeologyFlow and occurrence

of ground water

HYDROLOGY & HYDROGRAPHS

Hydrology may be defined as the science which deals with the

depletion and replenishment of water resources. It deals with surface

water as well as ground water. It is also concerned with

transportation of water from one place to another.

There are many types of hydrographs. Hydrograph is defined as a

graph showing discharge of flowing water with respect to time for a

specified time.

HYDROGRAPHS SHOWS

•Graph of stream flow vs. time

•Obtained by means of a continuous recorder which indicates stage

vs. time (stage hydrograph)

•Transformed to a discharge hydrograph by application of a rating

curve.

•Typically are complex multiple peak curves Available on the web.

HYDROGRAPH NOMENCLATUREstorm of Duration D

Precipitation

P

Discharge

Q baseflow

peak flow

new baseflow

tp

w/o rainfall

tl

EXPLANATION

If we measure the rainfall and put it on a time graph and link that

to the amount of water in the river, we have some really useful

information!

This graph is hydrograph. It plots rainfall against discharge (that

is the amount of water in the river as it passes a particular point

measured in cubic metres per seconds or cumecs).

Changes measured over time is river regime - eg. in winter there

is more rain, less evaporation, less vegetation to absorb it.

WE CAN READ THE FOLLOWING FROM THE HYDROGRAPH

Rate of flow at any instant during the duration period.

Total volume of flow upto that instant as the area

under hydrograph denotes the volume of water in that

duration.

The mean annual run-off.

The minimum and maximum run-off for the year

FLOW DURATION CURVE

Flow duration curve is a useful form to represent the run-off data

for the given time. This curve is plotted between flow available

during a period versus the fraction of time.

The flow duration curve is drawn with the help of hydrograph from

the available run-off data and is necessary to find out the time

duration for which flows available

DAM TURBINE

POWER HOUSE

INTAKE

GENERATOR

PENSTOCKRESEVOIR

POWER LINE

TRANSFORMER

ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER

FIRST ELEMENT :-

DAMSDam

THE MOVEMENT OF WATER CAN BE USED TO MAKE

ELECTRICITY.

ENERGY FROM WATER IS CREATED BY THE FORCE OF

WATER MOVING FROM A HIGHER ELEVATION TO A LOWER

ELEVATION THROUGH A LARGE PIPE (PENSTOCK). WHEN

THE WATER REACHES THE END OF THE PIPE, IT HITS AND

SPINS A WATER WHEEL OR TURBINE. THE TURBINE ROTATES

THE CONNECTED SHAFT, WHICH THEN TURNS THE

GENERATOR, MAKING ELECTRICITY.

SURGE TANK

Its function is to prevent sudden increase of pressure in the

supply line or in the penstock. It is placed as near as

possible to the turbine.

Water hammer

Due to the variation in the demand of water supply

according to load, the turbine gates get closed suddenly

which cause increase in pressure. This is known as water

hammer.

. A dam failure can have sever effects downstream

of the dam.During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods thatcan exceed normal flow conditions in the river.

For this reason,carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of structure.

These passages are known as spillways

What are Spill ways?

2ND ELEMENT:-

INTAKE

A WATER INTAKE MUST BE ABLE TO DIVERT THE

REQUIRED AMOUNT OF

WATER IN TO A POWER CANAL OR INTO A PENSTOCK

WITHOUT PRODUCING

A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT.

INTAKE

3rd ELEMENT:-PENSTOCK

“CONVEYING WATER FROM THE INTAKE TO THE POWER HOUSE”.

THE WATER IN THE RESERVOIR IS CONSIDERED STORED ENERGY

WHEN THE GATE OPENS THE WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE

PENSTOCK BECOMES KINETIC ENERGY BECAUSE IT IS IN MOTION.

PENSTOCK

4TH ELEMENT TURBINES

The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft. The most common type of turbine for hydropower plants is the Francis Turbine, which looks like a big disc with curved blades.

AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE TURBINE THE WATER

RETURNS TO THE RIVER TROUGH A

SHORT CANAL CALLED A TAILRACE.

Tailraces

5TH ELEMENTGENERATOR

AS THE TURBINE BLADES TURN, SO DO A SERIES OF MAGNETS INSIDE

THE GENERATOR. GIANT MAGNETS ROTATE PAST COPPER COILS,

PRODUCING ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) BY MOVING ELECTRONS.

The heart of the hydroelectric power plant is the generator.

The basic process of generating electricity in this manner is to

rotate a series of magnets inside coils of wire. This process

moves electrons, which produces electrical current.

Inside the Generator:-

1. Shaft

2. Excitor

3. Rotor

4. Stator

Each generator is made of certain basic parts:

AS THE TURBINE TURNS, THE EXCITOR SENDS AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT

TO THE ROTOR. THE ROTOR IS A SERIES OF LARGE ELECTROMAGNETS

THAT SPINS INSIDE A TIGHTLY-WOUND COIL OF COPPER WIRE, CALLED

THE STATOR. THE MAGNETIC FIELD BETWEEN THE COIL AND THE

MAGNETS CREATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT.

6TH ELEMENT:-

TRANSFORMERS

A TRANSFORMER IS A DEVICE THAT TRANSFERS ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM ONE CIRCUIT TO ANOTHER THROUGH A SHARED MAGNETIC FIELD. A CHANGING CURRENT IP IN THE FIRST CIRCUIT (THE PRIMARY) CREATES A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD; IN TURN, THIS MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCES A VOLTAGE VS IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT (THE SECONDARY). THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT MIMICS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT, BUT IT NEED NOT CARRY THE SAME CURRENT AND VOLTAGE AS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT. INSTEAD, AN IDEAL TRANSFORMER KEEPS THE PRODUCT OF THE CURRENT AND THE VOLTAGE THE SAME IN THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CIRCUITS.

7TH ELEMENT OUTFLOW

USED WATER IS CARRIED THROUGH PIPELINES, CALLED TAILRACES, AND RE-ENTERS THE RIVER DOWNSTREAM.

8TH ELEMENTPOWER HOUSE

POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS

IN THE SCHEME OF HYDROPOWER THE ROLE OF POWER HOUSE IS TO PROTECT THE ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT THAT CONVERT THEPOTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER INTO ELECTRICITY.

FOLLOWING ARE THE EQUIPMENTS OF POWER PLANT:

1.VALVE 5.CONDENSOR 2.TURBINE 6.PROTECTION SYSTEM3.GENERATOR 7.DC EMERGENCY SUPPLY4.CONTROL SYSTEM 8.POWER AND CURRENT TRANSFORMER

TRASH RACK

Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash rack

cleaning machine, which removes material from water in

order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging electromechanical equipment

A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-

Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydropower.

Hydropower is currently the largest source of renewable power, generating nearly 10% of the electricity used in the United States.The most common type of hydropower plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator to produce electricity.

But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large dam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine.

THANK YOU