hydrocarbons part 2 nat 5 1234 5 6 789101112 1314 1815 19 1617 21202223
TRANSCRIPT
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Hydrocarbons Part 2 Nat 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 1815
19
16 17
2120 22 23
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What type of carbon to carbon bonds are present in the alkanes
and the cycloalkanes
Single - saturated
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What type of carbon to carbon bond is
present in the alkenes
C=C unsaturated
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Describe the chemical test to distinguish an unsaturated alkene from
a saturated alkane/cycloalkane.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes) decolourise bromine
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ADDITION
Name the type of reaction which takes place when an unsaturated alkene reacts with bromine,
hydrogen or water
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Name the product of the reaction between butene and hydrogen
BUTANE
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Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
C5H10 + Br2 C5H10Br2
Addition
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What is meant by cracking?
Breaking large hydrocarbons into
smaller, more useful ones.
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Apart from speeding up the reaction suggest another reason why a catalyst is used in cracking.
Lower temperatures are used
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Name the new homologous series produced by cracking long chain hydrocarbons.
Alkenes
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Name the method of producing ethanol from glucose.
Fermentation
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What is used as a catalyst in fermentation?
An enzyme in yeast
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Why is there a limit to the alcohol concentration produced by fermentation?
The alcohol kills the yeast.
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Name the process used to increase the ethanol concentration in ‘spirit’ drinks.
Distillation
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Name the method of producing industrial ethanol.
Hydration of ethene - adding water onto ethene
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
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What can ethanol be mixed with to provide a fuel for cars?
Petrol
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Which plant is ethanol obtained from for use as a source of energy?
Sugar cane
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Is ethanol an renewable or non-renewable source of energy?
RENEWABLE
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Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when esters are formed.
Condensation
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Name the two different types of compounds which react together to form a ester.
An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
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Name the type of chemical reaction which is taking place.
H C C C C
H
H O
OH
HH
H H
HO C C H
H
H
H
H
H C C C C
H
H O
O
HH
H H
C C H
H
H
H
H
+ H2O
CONDENSATION
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Name the ester produced frommethanol and propanoic acid
Methyl propanoate
Ethanol and methanoic acid
ethyl methanoate
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Name the type of chemical reaction which takes when an ester is broken
down into its parent acid and alcohol.
HYDROLYSIS
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Name the alcohol and carboxylic acid produced when ethyl butanoate is hydrolysis.
Ethanol and butanoic acid
H C C C C
H
H O
O
HH
H H
C C
H H
H
HH