hydrocarbons: what modern societies are made from

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Hydrocarbons What “modern” societies are made of.

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Hydrocarbons

HydrocarbonsWhat modern societies are made of.

Energy

Source: NRC-NAS, 2012Solar energyGlucoseProteinFossil fuelsHCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 2

Carbohydrate vs. HydrocarbonHCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 3

Saccharide single molecule polysaccharide chain of saccharideGasoline 5-9 CDiesel 12 CMotor oil 20 CPlastics hundreds to thousands C (the one featured is polyethylene)

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HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 4Source: Press, Siever, Understanding Earth, 1999

Photosynthesis

HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 5Source: Magazowski, 2012

Fossil Fuel Combustion (simplified)

HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 6Source: Magazowski, 2012

Source: OECD-IEA, 2015HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 7

Global Primary Energy Supply

Keeling Curve

HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 8Source: NOAA, 2015

HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 9Source: Magazowski, 2012

HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 10Source: Downey, 2009

Bond EnergiesHCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 11

Source: WOU, 2015

Chemistry of CombustionHCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 12

Source: WOU, 2015

Energy Content of FuelsHCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 13

Source: WOU, 2015

Stored Energy UnitsEnergy density amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space by unit volume.Specific energy amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space by unit mass.HCU - REAP - Facets of Sustainability - WiSe 15/16 - Hydrocarbons - Heather Troutman 14NameFormulaMolecular weight (g/mole*)Density(kg/m3)E.D.(kJ/g)S.E.(MJ/m3)HydrogenH22.0160.0899141.76612.7MethaneCH416.0430.71755.52639.8EthaneC2H630.071.26451.90265.6EthyleneC2H428.031.26050.34663.4Ethyne**C2H2261.1708.72610.2

Energy Return on Investment (EROI)E contained in fuelE expended on fuel*Conventional Oil (1970)251Conventional Oil (today)151Tar Sands