hydroelectricity

http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/focus.html

HydroelectricityHydroelectricity

Method of Using Method of Using HydroelectricityHydroelectricity

Dams trap river Dams trap river water in a water in a reservoirreservoir

The moving water The moving water turns turbinesturns turbines

Electricity is Electricity is produced by produced by generatorgenerator

http://www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-html/chapter06.html

HydroelectricityHydroelectricity

http://wwwga.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html

Impacts of Impacts of Hydroelectricity (1/3)Hydroelectricity (1/3)

AtmosphereAtmosphere Greenhouse gas from decay of biomass in Greenhouse gas from decay of biomass in

reservoirreservoir More for shallow reservoirsMore for shallow reservoirs

Vegetations removal Vegetations removal less CO less CO22-O-O22 Exchange Exchange Bodies of water change climateBodies of water change climate

LithosphereLithosphere Water causes changes in landscapeWater causes changes in landscape Silting up of reservoirsSilting up of reservoirs Less deposition in lower riverLess deposition in lower river


HydrosphereHydrosphere Slows water Slows water

movementmovement Reduce flow of Reduce flow of

waterwater Affects temperature Affects temperature

of waterof water Water level Water level

fluctuate with fluctuate with electric demandselectric demands

http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/focus.html


BiosphereBiosphere Prevents fish from spawning Prevents fish from spawning Creates and destroys habitatsCreates and destroys habitats Reservoir may promotes water related Reservoir may promotes water related

diseasedisease Provides usable waterProvides usable water Loss of plantsLoss of plants

To ratify the impactTo ratify the impact

Removal of damsRemoval of dams Build smaller damsBuild smaller dams Divert water through pipes to Divert water through pipes to

generator insteadgenerator instead Fish laddersFish ladders

ExamplesExamples

Poorly managedPoorly managed Costa RicaCosta Rica Balbina Shallow resourviorBalbina Shallow resourvior

Reference for Reference for HydroelectricityHydroelectricity

http://www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-http://www.energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-html/chapter06.htmlhtml/chapter06.html

http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-10focus/focus.htmlfocus.html

http://www.saintmarys.edu/~rtarara/http://www.saintmarys.edu/~rtarara/ENERGY_PROJECT/hydro.htmENERGY_PROJECT/hydro.htm

http://www.bchydro.com/education/4-7/http://www.bchydro.com/education/4-7/module6/a_small_hydro.htmlmodule6/a_small_hydro.html

http://wwwga.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.htmlhttp://wwwga.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/

EnviroRepublish_133115.htmEnviroRepublish_133115.htm

Tidal EnergyTidal Energy

La Rance


How It Works:How It Works: A dam stretched across a tidal A dam stretched across a tidal

basin allow the tide to flow into basin allow the tide to flow into the basin through a sluice. the basin through a sluice.

The elevated water in the basin The elevated water in the basin is utilized for electricity by is utilized for electricity by producingproducing mechanical energy mechanical energy over water wheels.over water wheels.


ProsPros Predictable, reliablePredictable, reliable SustainableSustainable Widely availableWidely available Few greenhouse gas emissionsFew greenhouse gas emissionsConsCons Variable power throughout dayVariable power throughout day ExpensiveExpensive Potential negative impact on estuaries Potential negative impact on estuaries

and shorelinesand shorelines


Effects on Biosphere:Effects on Biosphere: Interruption of ocean wildlifeInterruption of ocean wildlife

Potential destruction of estuariesPotential destruction of estuaries

Effects on Atmosphere:Effects on Atmosphere: Less gas exchange if marine plants Less gas exchange if marine plants

affectedaffectedEffects on LithosphereEffects on Lithosphere Potential to change shorelinesPotential to change shorelinesEffects on HydrosphereEffects on Hydrosphere Disruption of water flowDisruption of water flow

Tidal energyTidal energy

http://www.eren.doe.gov/pro/images/femp.jpg

Solar EnergySolar Energy

Method of Using Solar Method of Using Solar EnergyEnergy

Photovoltaic cellsPhotovoltaic cells Makes up of Makes up of

semiconductorssemiconductors Produces energy Produces energy

when sunlight hits when sunlight hits its surfaceits surface

Solar Thermal ElectricitySolar Thermal Electricity

Uses mirror to Uses mirror to reflect sunlight to reflect sunlight to a central receivera central receiver

Heat is used to Heat is used to generate generate electricityelectricity Fluid circulated to Fluid circulated to

drive a generatordrive a generator

•http://www.solardev.com/SEIA-makingelec.php

Solar Thermal HeaterSolar Thermal Heater

Solar collector Solar collector absorbs heat from absorbs heat from sunlightsunlight

Solar collector Solar collector then heats the air then heats the air or wateror water

http://www.irish-energy.ie/abouten/main3l.html

Impacts of solar energyImpacts of solar energy

AtmosphereAtmosphere No impactsNo impacts

LithosphereLithosphere No impactsNo impacts

HydrosphereHydrosphere No impactsNo impacts

BiosphereBiosphere No impactsNo impacts

Indirect cost of solar Indirect cost of solar energyenergy

Battery productionBattery production Panel production uses up resourcesPanel production uses up resources Uses of land spacesUses of land spaces

Reference for Solar Reference for Solar EnergyEnergy

http://www.eren.doe.gov/pro/images/femp.jpghttp://www.eren.doe.gov/pro/images/femp.jpg http://www.solardev.com/SEIA-makingelec.phphttp://www.solardev.com/SEIA-makingelec.php http://www.irish-energy.ie/abouten/main3l.htmlhttp://www.irish-energy.ie/abouten/main3l.html

Wind EnergyWind Energy

Wind Power-How it is Wind Power-How it is generatedgenerated

Turbine blades Turbine blades rotate when rotate when wind hits them wind hits them which causes a which causes a rotor to turn rotor to turn and then drives and then drives an electrical an electrical generatorgenerator

Wind Power-ImpactsWind Power-Impacts

AtmosphereAtmosphere NONE, Wind power does not polute the NONE, Wind power does not polute the

atmosphereatmosphere

LithosphereLithosphere Wind turbines have to be anchored to Wind turbines have to be anchored to

the ground which could impact soil the ground which could impact soil structurestructure

Wind Power-ImpactsWind Power-Impacts

HydrosphereHydrosphere NoneNone

BiosphereBiosphere The building of wind turbines could The building of wind turbines could

result in less habitat for animals and result in less habitat for animals and plantsplants

Wind EnergyWind Energy

Wind Energy is a renewable source Wind Energy is a renewable source of energyof energy

Wind energy is the fastest growing Wind energy is the fastest growing energy source on earthenergy source on earth

Management of Wind Management of Wind EnergyEnergy

Wind turbines should be used where Wind turbines should be used where there is plenty of wind there is plenty of wind

More wind turbines should be built More wind turbines should be built because the resource is currently because the resource is currently not being used as well as it could benot being used as well as it could be

Wind Energy Poorly Wind Energy Poorly ManagedManaged

The United States has the wind The United States has the wind energy potential to supply one and energy potential to supply one and a half times the current electricity a half times the current electricity consumption but only a very small consumption but only a very small amount electricity is generated by amount electricity is generated by windwind

Wind Energy-Well ManagedWind Energy-Well Managed In Europe wind energy capacity has In Europe wind energy capacity has

increased by 40% in the last six years increased by 40% in the last six years and there is currently enough wind and there is currently enough wind electricity to meet the needs of 5 electricity to meet the needs of 5 million people and by 2010 there million people and by 2010 there should be enough for 75 millionshould be enough for 75 million

Geothermal Geothermal PowerPower

Geothermal Power-How Geothermal Power-How It WorksIt Works

Water travels Water travels through pipes through pipes deep into the deep into the Earth’s surface Earth’s surface where the where the temperature is temperature is hotter, the water hotter, the water than turns to than turns to steam which steam which drives the drives the turbineturbine

Geothermal Power -Geothermal Power -ImpactsImpacts

Atmosphere Atmosphere geothermal plants emit carbon dioxidegeothermal plants emit carbon dioxide

LithosphereLithosphere geothermal plants require pipes to be geothermal plants require pipes to be

dug through soil and rock to get deep dug through soil and rock to get deep into the earth’s surfaceinto the earth’s surface

Geothermal Power-Geothermal Power-ImpactsImpacts

HydrosphereHydrosphere Geothermal plants require the use of Geothermal plants require the use of

water in order to produce electricitywater in order to produce electricity

BiosphereBiosphere The Building of geothermal plants could The Building of geothermal plants could

result in less habitat for animalsresult in less habitat for animals

Management of Management of Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy

Buil geothermal plants in areas Buil geothermal plants in areas where heat from magma is closer where heat from magma is closer to the surface of the earth so that to the surface of the earth so that it is easier to generate electricityit is easier to generate electricity

Geothermal Energy-Well Geothermal Energy-Well ManagedManaged

In the Philippines geothermal power In the Philippines geothermal power provides 27% of the nations total provides 27% of the nations total electrical generationelectrical generation

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

Three Mile Island


How It Works:How It Works: Uranium atoms are bombarded Uranium atoms are bombarded

with neutrons causing fission.with neutrons causing fission. Neutrons from the split uranium Neutrons from the split uranium

atoms collide with other atomsatoms collide with other atoms The energy from fission heats The energy from fission heats

waterwater Hot water is used to spin turbinesHot water is used to spin turbines


Benefits:Benefits: Few greenhouse gas emissionsFew greenhouse gas emissions High energy yield compared to fossil High energy yield compared to fossil

fuelsfuels

Consequences:Consequences: High cost of repairing aging plantsHigh cost of repairing aging plants High cost of plant shutdownsHigh cost of plant shutdowns Radioactive wasteRadioactive waste


Effects on Biosphere:Effects on Biosphere: Accidents may expose living things to Accidents may expose living things to

radiationradiation

Effects on Atmosphere:Effects on Atmosphere: NoneNone

Effects on LithosphereEffects on Lithosphere NoneNone

Effects on HydrosphereEffects on Hydrosphere Water diverted to plant for harnessing Water diverted to plant for harnessing

energyenergy

hydroelectricity

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