Hydrogen revolution

• Hello Hydrogen

• Good Bye Oil and Smog

• There is a quiet revolution taking place in the car industry

• When oil will gone

• What is the solution ?

• What will we use to fuel vehicles,industry,buildings.

• replacing the petrol car

Solution

• Scientist say the fuel of future is hydrogen gas (H2) .

• A renewable Hydrogen

• It Changes the way we live

• Imagine city without smog

• Without oil tankers

• With less noise

• Already water present in the atmosphere

What is Hydrogen

• Most abundant element in the universe

• Found in many forms on earth

• A gas under standard conditions

• Odourless,colorless

• Non toxic or carcinogenic

• Highly flamable but has invisible flame

• An energy carrier but not a fuel

Hydrogen Fuel cell

• A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water.

• Fuel cells are often compared to batteries.

• Both convert the energy produced by a chemical reaction into usable electric power.

• However, the fuel cell will produce electricity as long as fuel (hydrogen) is supplied, never losing its charge.

Production of hydrogen gas

• Reforming

• Electrolysis of water

• Photoelectrolysis

• Coal gasification

• Thermolysis

• Biological production

• Biomass gasification

Reforming

• In which chemical process are used to seperate hydrogen from carbon atoms in organic compunds

• From methane (CH4) and the Methanol (CH3OH)

Electrolysis of water

Photoelectrolysis

• In which electricity produced by solar cells is used to split water molecules into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen.

Coal gasification

• Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas–a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4) carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)–from coaland water, air and/or oxygen.

Biomass gasification

• Biomass Gasification is the conversion of solid fuels (biomass) such as wood, wood-waste and agricultural residues) into a combustible gas mixture referred to a Producer Gas (CO+H2+CH4) or Syngas. The gasification process uses heat, pressure and partial combustiion.

thermolysis

• In which high temperatures upto 3000c are used to split water molecules into H2 and O2.

Reason for change

• Environment

• Energy shortages

• Energy security

Environment

• Reduction in green house gases

• Desire to use reneable energy

• Desire to meet emissions goals

• No co2 emissions

• Good susttituite for oil

• Low Environmental impacts

• No air pollution

Energy shortages

• Peak oil running out

• Hydrogen supplies a long way from

• Emergence rapidlly developing economics greatly increasing Wolrd energy requirements

• A long term energy solution

Energy security

• Minimizes reliance on imported energy

• Hydrogen can be produced from multiple sources

So why hydrogen

• It will never run out like oil and gas

• It can be produced in several ways through many sources

• It provides energy security so any country can produce by own

• It can be used in fule cells or internal combustion engines

• So world want Environmentaly friendly fuel hydrogen has the potential

• At some point hydrogen will be cheaper than hydrocarbons

• Very clean at use.

What are the problems

• It is difficult to store and transport

• New technologies needed to improve storage techniques

• It should promote it will not succeed in the current markets alone.

Hydrogen fuel cells pros

Eliminates greenhouse gases if the hydrogen used comes from electrolysis of water• Eliminates pollution caused by burning fossil fuels, the only by product is

water• Have a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines• Eliminates economic dependence on politically unstable countries for fossil

fuel• Some have low heat transmission-ideal for military applications• Most operate silently compared to internal combustion engines• Maintenance is simple since there are few moving parts in the system• Operating times are much longer than with batteries

Hydrogen fuel cells Cons

Reforming is technically challenging and not environmentally friendly

• Production, transportation, distribution and storage of hydrogen is difficult

• Driving range of cars is shorter than in a traditional vehicles

• Refueling and starting times of fuel cell vehicles are longer

• Currently expensive to produce, since most units are hand-made

• Fuel cells are generally slightly bigger than comparable batteries or engines

• The technology is not yet fully developed and few products are availabe

• Some use expensive materials