hydrogen @ tno · 2019-07-18 · of hydrogen reaching the cost target of industrial hydrogen (1-2...

HYDROGEN @ TNOH2 PROGRAM, PROJECT OVERVIEW, FACILITIES AND KEY EXPERTS

WHY HYDROGEN?

Hydrogen can be seen as an enabler for the transition towards renewable energy:

Providing carbon neutral energy for heavy duty transport

Providing long term (seasonal) storage capability complementing intrinsically

intermittent solar and wind

Providing a carbon free source of (high temperature) heat

Current use: ≈ 1 Mt/y

Future potential ≈ 6 Mt/y

Max potential ≈ 14 Mt/y

H2 PROGRAM TNO

Program lines

Hydrogen production

Infrastructure

Storage

Synthetic fuels

Fuel Cells

Hydrogen system studies

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6

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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROGRAM

Key societal objective

2025

Contribution TNO

1. Renewable Hydrogen

a. Proton Exchange

Membrane (PEM

Electrolysis)

b. Solid Oxid

(SO Electrolysis)

c. Direct photo water

splitting

Cost green hydrogen @

2 EUR/KG

Develop novel materials for PEM electrolysis to lower CAPEX

towards 300 EU/ KW.

Cost reduction of the SOE system to <1000 € / kW

Sufficient operating life-time (> 80,000 hours)

Upscaling of SOE technology towards multi-MW systems and

integration with industry

Technology development TRL 2 → TRL 4

2. Low Carbon Hydrogen

a. Autothermal Reformer +

Carbon Capture &

Storrage (ATR CCS)

b. Molten Metal pyrolyse

Availability large scale

(> 1 GW) low carbon

hydrogen production

Pilot plant 10 MW

Techno economic analysis and sector coupling

Technology development TRL 3 → TRL 6

1

Key Projects Objective

1. PWS Direct photo water splitting

2. Ampere Advanced Materials for PEM-Electrolyzers Reducing cost and Enhancing life

3. PEMWE CAPEX cost reduction PEM by developing thinner membranes with graphene layer

4. MEAPRO Industrialization of the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) production

5. InduPEM Industrialization and Mass Manufacturing of the PEM stack

6. H2NextGen Testing and developing the first Dutch 50 KW PEM electrolyser system

7. Hydrohub Scaling up electrolysis by testing PEM and Alkaline at industrial MW scale in Groningen

8. GW project Realize a cost reduction of factor 3 by designing a 1 GW plant both PEM and Alkaline

9. Refuel Establishing the potential of hydrogen production for waste incineration plants

10.3P2GO Pre-Pilot Power to Gas Offshore. Feasibility study for 1 MW elektrolyser on a offshore platform

11.SOE Tata Feasibility study of implementing co-electrolyse SOE technology using CO2 form Tata

12.SOEman Fabrication of multi-layer ceramic cells which is crucial to reach higher output > 1 MW

13.H2Future Installation & Operation of an 6 MW PEM Electrolysis System in Austria

14.H2 Accelerator System study realizing cost reduction by combing the oxygen from elektrolyser to optimize the ATR

15.H-Vision Pre feasibility study designing a new ATR plant on mulit GW scale with CCS infrastructure

16.Molten metal Lab scale prove of concept producing both hydrogen and solid carbon using natural gas

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION KEY PROJECTS1

MEAPRO

NextgenP2H2

Hydrohub

1 GW project

System

integration &

exploitation

Refuel

3P2GO SOE TATA

H-VISION

H2 acceleratorStudy and

conceptual

design

Testing,

Piloting &

Demonstration KW

MW

GW

W

H2future

InduPEM

SOEman

R&D

Program Lines

New materials,

components &

concepts

Suppliers of

high-tech

components

Mass

Manufacturing

techniques

OEMers

stacks and

components

Resolving the

barriers for

upscaling

System integrators, H2 producers,

end users & infrastructure

operators

Partners

Together with partners we

are working on innovation

projects who make

renewable or low carbon

hydrogen production

competitive

m2

ha

cm2

Total cell

surface

electrolyser

stack

km2

Molten Metal

AMPERE

PEMWE

PWS

Internal R&D projects

Joint industry projects

Ac.stressTest PEM

Projects to be developed

Income

NewSOC

…

…

…

DIRECT PHOTO WATER SPLITTING

First hydrogen demonstrations done at TNO for both photo-chemical and photo-electrochemical water splitting

Collaborations within TNO possible in several ways

Business case developed at TNO: photo-chemical strategy approaches 2 €·kg-1hydrogen price

Synergy for oxidation reaction to boost performance will reduce price further below 2 €·kg-1

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION KEY PROJECTS 1

AMPERE

PEM electrolyzers play an essential role in hydrogen production, provided that the costs of the components decrease. To achieve

results faster, one of the project goals is to set-up a PEM-Electrolyzer knowledge transfer platform from SME and industry pioneers

as part of the VoltaChem community.

The development of PEM electrolyzers is promising within the energy transition. Large-scale use of sustainable sources such as

wind and sun is only possible if temporary surpluses can be stored or converted into other energy carriers. However, electrolysis is

still too expensive for this. In the AMPERE project, the partners will take concrete steps in the cost-efficiency of this technology by

jointly improving components such as membranes and catalysts. To enable further steps in the intended cost objective for the PEM

electrolytic technology.


PEMWE COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT

Goal: The main drivers in the PEMWE development is to get the CAPEX and OPEX cost down. The reduction in CAPEX is

approached per membrane electrode assembly (MEA) component:

The use of thinner Nafion membranes where the gas cross-over is kept at a minimum. In addition the thinner membranes results in

lower inner voltage losses, resulting in higher efficiency and thus lower OPEX costs. The benefit of a graphene layer implemented in

a proton conducting membrane is:

Block the gas cross-over between anode and cathode and vice versa

Lower the internal cell losses by lowering membrane thickness (< 100 mm).

Reduction in Iridium-content of the anode, while maintaining the level of efficiency in cell performance. The approach towards lower

Ir-content encompasses a.o. the shell-core concept.

An important contributor to the CAPEX reduction is the scale-up of both the MEA dimensions and amounts. The current project

explores the possibilities towards scale-up of the MEA size to 50x50 cm2.

Impact: The improvement of the MEA components towards lower CAPEX and higher efficiency facilitates a cost-efficient production

of hydrogen reaching the cost target of industrial hydrogen (1-2 €/kg H2). This opens the window for the application of this

technology in all relevant fields, eg. refueling stations, energy storage to serve the grid balancing and green H2 as feedstock for the

chemical industry (Refineries (Shell), ammonia(Yara), steel(Tata)).

The PEMWE novel component development offers the Dutch manufacturing industry to take a leading role in the development of

PEMWE components and stack and system integration.

TNO will develop:

different membrane types (Thickness 30-200 mm),

MEA configurations (10 cm2 electrode area)

and test the cell performance in temperature range of 60-80oC


H2 NEXTGEN

Goal: Testing and developing the first Dutch 50 KW PEM elektrolyser system

In a partnership with Hydron Energy and Frames, ECN.TNO is conducting in the NEXTGENP2H2 project extensive

testing on a 50kW PEM electrolyser system for the production of hydrogen from renewable electricity with the goal of

achieving further cost reductions and scale the system up to 1 MW


HYDROHUB

Goal: understand potential and barriers in scaling-up of different

types of electrolyzers

This project is the last and final step before green hydrogen

production can scale up. In the test centrum in Groningen we will

work on the 2 main technologies: PEM and Alkaline. Together with

technologies suppliers and end users we work on the testing of 2 x

250 KW water electrolysis. We will push the systems to the limit with

regards to the current density, temperature and pressure to improve

the performance.

PEM: building an “open-architecture stack” (TNO lead)

Alkaline: short stack/system will be acquired (Nouryon lead)


GW PROJECT

Goal: Develop conceptual design & cost estimate for a GW-scale electrolyzer plant, ready for start-up in 2030 and that delivers H₂ at

cost below current H₂ manufacturing technologies.

The Gigawatt Electrolyser project will identify the key barriers to overcome when the numbers of electrolysis cells (so-called 'stacks')

in an integrated factory are hugely increased. With this 'numbering up' it is important that the factory is able to operate in a dynamical

fashion. After all, it will operate on electricity from wind or solar parks and will therefore have to cope with a varying electricity supply. It

will have to be able to adapt to declining or increasing power supply

ECN part of TNO will investigate the limitations in scaling-up current electrolysers to better understand the potential for stack

upscaling, so to develop a view on future cost levels. The developed models will be validated with test results from the electrochemical

laboratory in Petten, called the "Faraday lab".


REFUEL

Goal: The ultimate goal is to arrive at an industrial electrolysis demonstration plant capable of operating at a full load of 8000 hours

per annum, which will minimize the influence of the capital expenditure for the electrolyzer. To achieve this the technology must first

be tested on a pilot scale and the feasibility of the ReFuel concept must be demonstrated.

In a new study, the feasibility of hydrogen production by waste incineration plants will be investigated. The study, part of

VoltaChem's Power-2-Hydrogen program line, focuses on the 'ReEnergy' waste incineration plant in Roosendaal. By using about a

third of its 20 MW electrical power generation for the production of hydrogen, the plant could substantially contribute to facilitating

the energy transition, particularly in the Roosendaal region. As approximately half of the incinerated waste is biogenic (e.g. organic

waste), around 53% in 2019 en 54% in 2018 of ReEnergy's electricity can be considered sustainable. The "ReFuel" study focuses

on the conversion of this sustainable electricity to low-carbon hydrogen, transport fuels, and chemical raw materials


SOE TATA

Goal: Feasibility study of implementing co-electrolyse SOE technology using CO2 form Tata

Solid Oxid Electrolyzers (SOE) is a technology having a large potential to accelerate the innovation and implementation of industrial

electrification. This technology is mainly seen as a technology to produce green hydrogen for the industry, because of its high efficiency

and the potential for heat integration within industrial processes for the production of bulk chemicals such as ammonia and methanol. It

offers possibilities for process integration with chemical processes leading to high efficiency benefits. In addition to hydrogen production,

the technology also offers the possibility to reduce CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO) and tune the composition of syngas by means of co-

electrolysis to required C-H-O ratios for subsequent conversions towards products such as methanol, DME and methane. Because of the

clear need and desire of sustainable H2 production, strong focus is needed on developing cost effective routes for the production of

(sustainable) hydrogen and the subsequent uses in an industrial context. Moreover, derivative solutions such as the production of syngas

(H2 and CO) can further accelerate implementation in the industry.


SOE MAN

Goal: Fabrication of multi-layer ceramic cells which is crucial to reach higher output > 1 MW

Upscaling of SOE systems: The translation towards higher outputs (> 1 MW) is a crucial development process to

apply the SOE technology on a large industrial scale. Most SOE technologies are based on the use of planar single

cells with a size of 10 x 10 cm2. The manufacture of SOE single cells with planar dimensions > 20 x 20 cm2 and/or

higher active surface based on more complex cell design is a necessary step towards MW-scale SOE systems.

The most important research in the field of SOE are:

Fabrication of multi-layer ceramic cells, in which innovation is mainly in the field of quality control and

characterization of green and sintered cells.

Performance characterization, including impedance spectroscopy to monitor the progress of the aging

processes.


H2 FUTURE

Goal: Installation & Operation of an 6 MW PEM Electrolysis System producing 1.200 m3 H2 /h at the

Voestalpine Production Site in Linz, Austria

Plant operation Q1 2019 and 26 months demonstration and quasi- commercial operation

ECN.TNO works on 1) the replication potential of the concept for other steel and fertilizer industry and 2) the performance of the

elektrolyser in operation


PRE-PILOT POWER TO GAS OFFSHORE

Goal: The goal of the proposed project is to launch the first-in-world initiative to realize a power-to-gas pilot in an offshore O&G platform. The P2G

pilot will not only serve to build experience with the production of H2 in an offshore environment, but it will also be a test center for innovative P2G

technologies and integrated systems.

Also practical experience will be built on the costs of installing, operating and maintaining an electrolyser system in an offshore environment. The

development will in itself de-risk further deployment of P2G technology as a system integration mechanism in the North Sea. It also represent the first

step in a scale-up process starting at 1-10 MW, continuing with 10-250 MW and finally at scales larger than > 250 MW.

Result: As a result, the concept development and basic engineering of the first offshore P2G pilot is completed within this project. This creates the

necessary input required for a detailed engineering, procurement and construction project

Project consortium: EBN, NAM, Taqa Offshore, Total E&P, vereniging Nexstep


H2 ACCELERATOR

Goal: System study realizing cost reduction by combing the oxygen from elektrolyser to optimize the ATR


H-VISION

H-vision studies the technical, economic and financial feasibility of large-scale production and application

of blue hydrogen to supply industry. It is also studying how residual gases from the refining and chemical

industry can be utilized to further enhance circularity.

H-vision aims to achieve a step change in the energy transition progress before 2030, by replacing natural

gas and coal with blue hydrogen as energy supply in the chemicals industry, refineries and power plants.

Blue hydrogen is obtained by splitting natural gas or industrial residual gases into CO2 and hydrogen; the

CO2 is captured and will be stored in underground sites in the North Sea (CCS via the Porthos project).

Globally significant CO2-emissions reductions are targeted of 2 megatons per annum in 2025, which

could rise to 6 megatons per annum in 2030.


MOLTEN METAL

Goal: Proof of concept molten metals pyrolysis using natural gas for H2 + Carbon production

Patent submitted


Upham

et al.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS1

Key researchers Research group Expertise

Arend de Groot (Technical lead)

Lennart van der Burg (Business lead)

Rene Peters

Biomass Energie Efficiency (BBE)

Petten

In dept knowledge electrolysis, cost models,

system, testing and manufacturing full-scale

cells

Marcel Weeda Energie Transitie studies (ETS)

Asterdam

Energy modeling and system studies

Ronald van den Berg

Erwin Gilling

Sustainable Process & Energy

Systems (SPES) Delft

Process integration industry, design large-

scale plants

Robin White Material Solutions Eindhoven Material development

Niels Jansen

Karin van Kranenburg

Strategic Business Analysis (SBA)

Delft

Business and value cases

FARADAY LAB + HYDROHUB + FIELDLAB

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FACILITIES 1

Faraday

Hydrohub

Fieldlab

Faraday lab Hydrohub

FARADAY LAB

(Duration) testing of cells:

Increasing number of PEM test stations (3 → 6) and building novel test stations for SOC’s

Redox flow batteries, base-acid separation

Standardized testing station for duration testing and reference cell developed

Testing protocols for PEM electrolyzer cell testing in development with JRC

Working on accelerated stress testing protocols (AST)

Manufacturing capabilities:

From catalyst powder to electrochemical cells (up to 20x20 cm²)

Preparation of deposition pastes from (electrocatalyst) powder

Deposition technologies for active layers

(tape casting, screen printing)

Sintering equipment (different steps)

Characterisation equipment (proton conductivity, fluor release, RDE, etc.)

Routine manufacturing of MEA’s

Scale-up / industrial application

50 kW test unit for PEM / Alkaline

Balance-of-Plant (BOP) for the HydroHub (250-500 kW)

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FACILITIES 1


1. SENSH2GRID Development of a low cost and reliable hydrogen sensor

2. Hydrogen purity Development of a inline, small and low cost hydrogen purity sensor

3. Gas grid modelling Understanding and modeling the gas distribution within the grid

INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM

Program line Key societal objective 2025 Contribution TNO

Dynamic network modeling Reusing existing infrastructure

for hydrogen

Enabling studies

Dynamic network behaviour

Dynamic risk assessment

Design optimization

Safeguarding the safety and integrity of H2 production

and transport infra

Innovative H2 monitoring

technology

Availability HRS with reliable

hydgrogen quality and flow

Develop In-line, cost-effective flow and purity sensors

for hydrogen

Innovative H2 blending in the

gas grid

Replacing part of the natural

gas by hydrogen

Develop in-line, cost-effective gas composition

sensors

2

INFRASTRUCTURE KEY PROJECTS2

SENSH2GRID

Technology development and future demonstration of the Hydrogen sensor with Gasunie, Alliander, Enexis and Bronkhorst.

Measuring the full gas composition of natural gas blended with hydrogen.

In-line, fast and cost-effective technology for monitoring in the gas grid.

Based on field tested TNO technology.

First TNO lab results, Hydrogen in G-Gas and methane


HYDROGEN PURITY AT REFUELING STATIONS

Need for H2 purity sensing at a Hydrogen Refuelling Station (HRS):

Prevent damage Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

Contamination during transport and storage

Contamination depends on H2 source

Extremely low contamination levels!

Functions:

Continuously monitoring

Give alarm at too high concentrations of key impurities

Inline, Low cost (~5.000 EUR), Small

TNO technology development for measuring the key contaminations with

optical technology:


GAS GRID MODELLING

TNO model: calculate and predict FLOW, PRESSURE and COMPOSITION in the gas network.

Developed in collaboration with Alliander.

Feeded by sensor input

Smart Gas Grid

Vision of Alliander

TNO model application:

- RT monitoring & control

- Decision support tool for strategic asset

management.

sensor data


Huib Blokland (Technical lead)

Ruud van der Linden

Heat Transfer & Fluid Dynamics

(HTFD) Delft

Physics for gas network modelling and gas sensor

technology development

Arjen Boersma Material Solutions Eindhoven Responsive coatings for gas sensors

Stefan Baumer Optics Optical technology for gas purity sensors

Sjaak van Veen Environmental Modelling,

Sensing & Analysis

Monitoring systems for low concentration gasses

Bob Ran Energy Transition Studies Techno-economical knowledge and tools to implement

energy transition

INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS2


1. OPVIS Develop a vision and screening for large-scale subsurface energy storage including cavern storage of compressed air and

hydrogen and storage of hydrogen in depleted gas fields in the Netherlands.

2. LSES Research project on Large-scale Subsurface Energy Storage in salt caverns and depleted gas fields, including techno-

economic assessment, integrity studies, regulatory framework, social engagement and energy system role.

3. ESTMAP Compiling existing energy storage data (subsurface and surface) and exploiting it for an optimized energy systems planning

STORAGE PROGRAM


Undergound hydrogen storage Large scale underground

hydrogen storrage safe and with

a cost below <0,5 EURO per Kg

- Societal engagement / public perceptions

- Geophysics / geochemic interaction with hydrogen

in salt caverns and empty gas fields

- Effect on gas injection/ extraction and induced

seismicity

3

TNO

ENERGY

STORAGE

PORTFOLIO

SUBSURFACE

Underground Thermal Energy Storage

Compressed Air Energy Storage

H2 storage in caverns & depleted gas fields

RedoxFlow Battery in Caverns

STORAGE KEY PROJECTS3

FOCUS AND

ADDED VALUE

Technology development Environment & Safety Economy & Market Political , Social &

Regulatory

Reservoir

Characterization &

Mapping

Reservoir

Performance

Well Design &

Performance

Component

Integration

System Integrity Risk Management Business Case /

Economics / market

failures

Energy System

Modelling

License to operate

Service areas and added value subsurface energy strorage at ECN.TNO


OPVIS: TECHNICAL EXPLORATION FOR UNDERGROUND STORAGE

FUTURE PLANNING

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate commissioned in 2018 a

technical inventory on the various options for underground storage in

the Netherlands. The technologies investigated were amongst other

those that can support the large scale uptake of renewables and

secure energy supply, using the underground (depths >500 m), and

can be deployed within the next 10-30 years. Includes technical and

market potential estimate of:

Hydrogen storage in salt caverns

Hydrogen storage in depleted gas fields (on and offshore)

Display of fields that fulfill criteria for primary selection and on working

volume and theoretical capacity


LSES - LARGE-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE IN SALT CAVERNS AND DEPLETED FIELDS

SCOPE BY WORKPACKAGE:

1: Role of Large-Scale Energy Storage in the Future Energy System

2: Techno-Economic Modelling of Large-Scale ES Systems

3: Societal Embeddedness & Regulatory Framework

4: Risk Management

5: Project Management & Dissemination


Exploit energy storage information in European energy

systems analyses

Energy Storage Mapping And Planning

Develop a spatial database on European energy

storage capacities


GEOGRAPHICAL ENERGY STORAGE DATABASE

http://www.estmap.eu/

http://www.estmap.eu/database.html

> 4000 potential

and proven natural

energy storage

capacities

> 700 planned and

developed energy

storage facilities


http://www.estmap.eu/

http://www.estmap.eu/database.html


Sjaak van Loo (Business lead)

Joris Koorneef (portfolio

manager subsurface energy

storage)

Remco Groenenberg (Technical

lead H2 storage)

Ellen van der Veer

Sustainable Geo Energy

Utrecht

Sustainable use of the subsurface

-characterization and mapping

-safety and environment

-Subsurface optimization

-techno economics

Hanneke Puts, Nienke Maas Strategie & Policy Den Haag Policy studies

Joost van Stralen

Nicole de Koning

Energy Transition Studies

(ETS) Amsterdam

Energy system role of energy storage, Social

embeddedness and regulatory framework

Aliene van der Veen

Bob Ran

Monitoring & Control Services

(MCS), Den Haag

Energy market and optimization

Niels Jansen Strategic Business Analysis

(SBA) Den Haag

Business case & market modelling for energy storage

options

STORAGE RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS3


1. Power2Fuels Developing new value chain with (future) suppliers of e-fuels and required technology development

2. Tank storage Amsterdam Identify the implication of Paris agreement on the fuel strategy for the tank storage cluster Amsterdam

3. Circular Hydrogen in wind Connecting the energy sector to maritime and developing new value chains

4. DOTC Developing clean fuel technology for maritime

5. SOSAF Safe onboard storage of alternative fuels

SYNTHETIC FUELS PROGRAM

Program line Key societal objective

2025

Contribution TNO

Synthetic fuels Low carbon synthetic

fuels for a competative

use in heavy transport

(Aviation, trucks,

shipping)

- Technology scouting and assessment

- System studies

- Market implementation

- Direct electrochemical synthesis (e.g. formic acid)

4

SYNTHETIC FUELS & TECHNOLOGY SCOUTING KEY PROJECTS 4

CIRCULAR HYDROGEN IN WIND

Using surplus of green energy from a windfarm to run the maintenance vessels seems an obvious choice, however a vast array of technology is

involved, all in various stages of development.

Advantages:

Easy to adopt and implement new technology

Safe hydrogen storage and handling can be tested

The chain allows for the further development of the individual technologies

Different vessels can used in this system depending on the economic preference but all of them 100% green

electricity Hydrogen Methane or

ammonia

LNG or

CNG

Battery

powered or

hybrid

Fuel cell or

mixed fuelsLNG,

mixed or

diesel

C02 Capture


DUTCH OCEAN TECHNOLOGY CENTRE

DOTC is a vehicle aimed to advance ocean technology and related research covering a broad range of technology readiness levels. Through doing

so, DOTC aims to address some of the key societal and industrial challenges facing us now and in the future.

An example of this is the work related to using hydrogen fuels on board of ships which is directly connected with rules and regulations pertaining to

safe structures.


SAFE ONBOARD STORAGE OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS


Robert de Kler (Technical lead)

Earl Goetheer

Sustainable Process & Energy


Technology scouting and development

Stephan Janbroers Biomass Energie Efficiency

(BBE) Petten

Development of biofuels technology

Jeroen borst Sustainable Urban Mobility and

Safety (SUMS) Den Haag

System analysis

Remco Detz Energie Transitie studies (ETS)

Asterdam

Concept development of E-fuels

Caroline Schipper-Rodenburg Strategic Business Analysis

(SBA) Den Haag

Business and value cases

Jurrit Bergsma, Pieter Boersma Maritime & Offshore, Delft Application of zero emission fuels in shipping

Ruud Verbeek, Jorrit Harmsen Sustainable Transport and

Logistics, Den Haag

System and technology analysis

SYNTHETIC FUELS SYNTHETIC FUELS RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS4


1. H2 Inland shipping Feasibility hydrogen fuel cell powertrain – use case Gouwenaar

2. H2Share Mobile truck re-fuelling for FCEV

3. Commercial Truck modelling Modeling of a fuel-cell and an energy management strategy of a fuel-cell hybrid truck

4. Green team twente Functional Testing of Small PEM System for Race Applications

5. optimised automotive fuel cell systems Tools for optimised automotive fuel cell systems

6. EVELATE (submitted) Innovative Modular Platform for Off-Road Mobile Machinery

7. Advanced H2 Sensors for fuel cells Hydrogen Fuel Cell Advanced Sensor Systems

8. H2-truck (submitted) Development and applied use of a 50 ton hydrogen truck for heavy duty transport

FUEL CELLS RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS


Sustainable Vehicles Facilitate the use of fuel cell

range extenders in heavy duty

vehicles, maritime and

stationary applications.

Develop state of the art Algorithms for state-of-health

and state-of-function estimation of the H2 Fuel Cell.

Use model-based calibration and validation of the best

possible Fuel-Cell – Battery combination for a specific

use case, providing a robust, efficient and reliable

powertrain with the lowest possible TCO

5

FUEL CELLS KEY PROJECTS5

H2SHARE [ 16/05/2016 – 15/03/2020 ]

Mobile truck re-fuelling for FCEV:

Assessment of truck (model-based)

Data provision from VDL

Links to MEO and PT powertrain toolbox

Demonstrators: DHL, Cure, Corluyt Group

DAF chassis + bus powertrain

https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/07/20180730-tno.html

Primary partners are VDL ETS (The Netherlands), Wystrach (Germany), VDL

Bus Chassis (The Netherlands), Automotive NL (The Netherlands), TNO (The

Netherlands), Hydrogen Europe (Belgium), e-mobil BW (Germany), and

WaterstofNet (Belgium).

Associated partners are Deutsche Post DHL Group (Germany) & DHL

International BV (The Netherlands), Ministry of Infrastructure and Water

Management (The Netherlands), BREYTNER BV (The Netherlands), CURE

(The Netherlands) and Colruyt Group (Belgium).

Subpartners are the Municipality of Helmond (The Netherlands), VIL

(Belgium), provincie Antwerpen (Belgium), Provincie Noord-Brabant.

https://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi9g9-v8YnjAhUJ6KQKHUjzAREQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/07/20180730-tno.html&psig=AOvVaw0bf7Hg3YnllyRUWRue671q&ust=1561732573607431


COMMERCIAL TRUCK MODELLING

Modeling of a fuel-cell and an energy management strategy of a fuel-

cell hybrid truck

Aims

To model and implement the fuel-cell model in the existing truck

model.

To model and validate the energy management strategy for the fuel-

cell hybrid heavy-duty truck in order to achieve optimal performance.

To conduct sensitivity analysis of component sizing towards the

energy efficiency.

Project Activities:

• Modelling of fuel-cell and energy management strategy (rule-based

approach) of the reference vehicle and coupling it with the existing vehicle

model.

• Since there is no model available for the reference vehicle, the

expectations are to have a base model to get insight into the performance

of the reference vehicle with recommendations for future research work.

• Sensitivity analysis of the fuel-cell stack and battery pack in order to

achieve optimal energy efficiency.


GREEN TEAM TWENTE

Functional Testing of Small PEM System for Race

Applications

TNO Powertrains supporting Green Team Twente with

testing of their hydrogen stack, characterising and

evaluating performance

Tests were completed in the TNO Powertrains Test

Center under controlled temperature conditions. External

(Digitron) load was used to take the power from the

system


TOOLS FOR OPTIMISED AUTOMOTIVE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS

For a fast market penetration of such fuel cell electric vehicles, the market price and durability need to improve significantly. These barriers

are sustained by long development times and inadequate optimization of fuel cell components, system, and hybrid electric configuration on

vehicle level.

The current state-of-the-art for fuel cell system development is a long and serial development process due to a lack of compatibility between

different modelling approaches and real-time applications. The main focus of this project is the development of a model-based tool and its

experimental validation for designing such a hybrid system in early phases of the vehicle development process, which is of particular

importance to enable the European fuel cell industry to develop and optimize fully functional, highly reliable and cost-effective products.

This project will build upon the advances made in H2020 project HiFi-ELEMENTS where a streamlined workflow for the development of

electric vehicles was established. HiFi-ELEMENTS combines the efficient use of various simulation tools with a standardisation of functional

model interfaces for a more consistent and seamless (re-)use of models in the development process. This enables an early system validation

and increases the efficiency of the development process and testing effort to reduce time-to-market.


EVELATE (SUBMITTED)

ELEVATE: Innovative Modular Platform for Off-Road Mobile

Machinery

ELEVATE focuses on a performance oriented machine platform solution with

Zero Emission architecture for the off-road mobile machinery market. The

project will develop a modular approach to this platform, both in terms of

component definition as well as energy management and calibration to reach

higher performance than fossil fueled machines. Focus will be on a hydrogen

fuel cell range extended solution with coupled infrastructure (investigated

through business models). Partners are Dutch enterprises together with TNO.

The advisory board consists of a European group of renowned technology

suppliers, academia and hydrogen associations. This project will lead a Tank-

to-Wheel reduction of up to 387.6 tonnes CO2 per machine.


ADVANCED H2 SENSORS FOR FUEL CELLS

This project focuses on advanced parameter estimation and control techniques to support the fuel cell system optimization through

implementation of a holistic, diagnostic and prognostic approach for fuel cells in real-world operation in a marine application. The

combination of novel integrated sensors and advanced control techniques offers remote tracking of stack ageing, including state of health

(SoH) and state of operation (SoO) prediction techniques to correlate continued operational behavior with lifetime.


PROJECT H2-TRUCK

Ontwikkeling en inzet van een 50 ton waterstoftruck voor

goederenvervoer

Het doel van dit project is om een 50 ton waterstoftruck te ontwikkelen, in de praktijk toe te passen en om een gebruiksanalyse uit te voeren. Deze

waterstoftruck zal de eerste zijn van zijn type, binnen Europa, die geschikt is voor dit laadvermogen.

Door een vraag naar waterstof tanken te creëren, stimuleert het de groei van de infrastructuur en doorbreekt het kip-ei-probleem. De groei van de

infrastructuur stimuleert vervolgens de adoptie van waterstofvoertuigen. De adoptie van waterstofvoertuigen, als vervanger van dieselvoertuigen,

creëert een verwachte 85 ton CO2-uitstoot reductie per jaar voor elke truck die wordt vervangen. De waterstoftruck die ontwikkelt wordt in dit project

is slechts een eerste stap.

Het doel van het project is naast het ontwikkelen van een waterstoftruck, te leren van de inzet (“gebruiksanalyse”) om daarmee de exploitatie van

waterstoftrucks en de bijbehorende infrastructuur te versnellen. De performance van de truck in de praktijk zal het mogelijk maken het

toekomstpotentieel voor de technologie vast te stellen.


Rob Schut (Programma)

Ronald van den Putte (Business

lead), Roel de Natris

Martijn Stamm, Steven Wilkins,

Andreas Podias , Cemil

Bekdemir

Powertrains Helmond Testing, validation and optimization of fuel cell

systems and vehicle integration

Richard Smokers, Nicolien

Hendrickx

Sustainable Transport &

Logistics (STL) Den Haag

Well to wheel analysis, policy studies

Jeroen Borst Sustainable Urban Mobility and

Safety Den Haag

System analysis

Marcel Weeda Energie Transitie studies (ETS)

Asterdam

Integrated energy infrastructure analyses and

modeling

FUEL CELLS RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS5


1. CertifHy Developing a methodology and accepted scheme for certification for renewable and low carbon hydrogen

2. H2Magnum Market and system analysis for a hydrogen fueled power plant a study for Vattenfall, Equinor and Gasunie

3. Enpuls Identify the societal value of local green hydrogen production to prevent grid enlargement

4. H2 roadmap The Dutch national hydrogen roadmap

5. H2Future Analysis the system performance and configuration of a 6 MW elektrolyser at a steel plant in Austria

6. Duwaal An integrated approach for developing a wind to wheel value chain for hydrogen

7. W2H2 Analysis of options for conversion of offshore wind to hydrogen for mobility.

8. P2G2ref Using wind energy to supply green hydrogen to refineries at Port of Rotterdam

9. 70 GW Options for conversion to H2 and use of H2 in Rotterdam Harbour Industrial complex

10. P2G – NL An analysis about the future role of Power2gas in our energy system

11. HIA Study on Large-Scale Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA) - IEA

HYDROGEN SYSTEM STUDIES PROGRAM


Hydrogen system studies Reduce cost for use and

integration of hydrogen in

current and new value chains

- LCA

- Business case study and market analysis

- (energy) chain analysis including sector coupling

6

https://www.topsectorenergie.nl/sites/default/files/uploads/TKI Gas/publicaties/20180307 Routekaart Waterstof TKI Nieuw Gas maart 2018.pdf

https://hy-gro.net/w2h2

HYDROGEN SYSTEM STUDIES KEY PROJECTS6

ENPULS

Goal: Identify the societal value of local green hydrogen production to prevent grid enlargement

Context (WHY): Project description: Up to now most of our energy (approx 80%) is transported as

‘molecules’ through the gas. Only 20% is transported as ‘electrons’ through the electricity grid. Due to the

increase of local renewable electricity production there is a high need to enlarge the electricity grid. ECN

part of TNO did the first detailed study on the potential value of local hydrogen production and transport

green hydrogen instead of green electrons to prevent grid enlargement. 4 use cases are analyzed and a

number of follow-up projects and demo’s are developed.

Conclusion: The case studies demonstrate that use of H2 electrolysis for grid management is currently

only feasible in exceptional situations. The economic feasibility depends highly on the local situation, and

will become better in the future.

HYDROGEN SYSTEM STUDIES KEY PROJECTS6

CERTIFHY

HYDROGEN SYSTEM STUDIES RESEARCHERS & RESEARCH GROUPS6


Marcel Weeda (technical lead)

Lennart van der Burg (Business lead)

Energie Transitie studies (ETS)

Asterdam

Integrated energy infrastructure

analyses and modeling

Yvonne van Delft Biomass Energie Efficiency (BBE)

Petten

Hydrogen production

Robert de Kler Sustainable Process & Energy


Energy cariers

Richard Smokers Sustainable Transport & Logistics

(STL) Den Haag

Mobility, well2wheel analysis

Niels Jansen

Karin van Kranenburg

Strategic Business Analysis (SBA) Delft Business and value cases

SD

G’s

Pro

gra

m lin

es / P

MC

clu

ste

rsA

rea

s &

su

bg

oa

l

The numbers refer to SDG subgoals

IMPACT OF OUR HYDROGEN RESEARCH AND

CONTRIBUTION TO UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)

7.1

7.2

7.a

research &

technology

7.1

7.2energy: accessibility,

renewability & efficiency

8.5

employment

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

innovation, research & technological development

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

infrastructure

9.2

9.3

9.4industry

13.2

13.3

13.b

climate change: policy, strategy &

plans

BEDANKT VOOR UW AANDACHT

Contact: [email protected] 0031 64 395 4685

TNO.NL/ECNPARTOFTNO

mailto:[email protected]

hydrogen @ tno · 2019-07-18 · of hydrogen reaching the cost target of industrial hydrogen (1-2...

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