hydropower a new lease of life - farm carbon toolkit · farm carbon cutting toolkit shrivenham 10...
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David Williams
British Hydropower Association
HydropowerA New Lease of Life
Farm Carbon Cutting ToolkitShrivenham
10 June 2010
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Head (H)
HH
Hydro Basics
“It all depends on the head”
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Head (H)
Flow rate (Q)QQ HH
…. and Flow Rate
Hydro Basics
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QQ HH
Power
Water power available = H x Q
Power output alsodepends upon:
Head lossesTurbine EfficiencyGenerator EfficiencyDrive losses
xx
Hydro Basics
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“There’s no such thing as a 80 kW water turbine”Medium Head = 10mFlow = 1m³/s P = 80 kW
Low Head = 1m Flow = 10m³/s P = 80 kW
Small water turbineLarge water turbine
Hydro Basics
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Potential
• Pumped Storage - 1000 MW• Conventional Hydro
Scotland 1049 MW (min)England & Wales 250 MW (min)N Ireland ~10 MW
• Water supply and water treatment ~40 MW
TOTAL (Min) ~ 2350 MW
Hydropower in the UK
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FOR:
• Renewables Obligation (and Feed-in Tariffs)
• EU Renewable Energy Sources Directive
• Regional Development Plans
Hydropower in the UK
Policy and Legislation
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New projects
Refurbishment and upgrade of existing projects
Renewables Obligation
Hydropower in the UK
Small-scale hydro
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1. Pre-Feasibility2. Feasibility3. Planning and Licensing4. Detailed Design5. Construction
Five stages
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1.Pre-Feasibility
• Is the site suitable• Will stakeholders allow it• Can it be built• Can you get the power out• What impact will it have• Who’s land is it on• What might it be worth
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2. Feasibility
• Hydrology• Outline system design• Budget cost• Estimated capacity• Estimated energy• Estimated revenue• Environmental impact
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3.Planning & Licensing 1
Address possible concerns at the design stage
Fisheries bodies or those with an interest in fisheries (e.g. angling clubs).
Ensure that the site is acceptableEstablish a design that is acceptable, especially where construction work is neededIdentify permissions required
Relevant planning authority/service
Site and project design is acceptableIdentify the permissions requiredDiscuss and agree an acceptable river operating regime (i.e. amount and timing of abstractions)
Environment Agency (England andWales)Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)NI Environment Agency
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If electricity connection is required, establish any design constraints and connection costs If appropriate, to enter negotiations for electricity sale
Regional Electricity Company (REC)
Address ownership, access and leasing issues, way-leaves for cablesAddress possible objections to development
Landowners
Address potential environmental impacts at the design stage
Statutory environmental bodies e.g. Natural England
3.Planning & Licensing 2
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• Environmental Impact• Weir• Intake• Pipeline or channel• Valve chambers• Pigging facilities• Powerhouse• Tailrace
4. Detailed Design
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• Agree the Scope• Prepare the contract• Appoint a contractor• Time the works• Clients Engineer• Project Manager
5. Construction
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Timescales & Costs
£2,000 - £10,000per kW
10 – 12 months5. Construction
Included in 5Included in 54. Detailed Design
£200 - £5,0006 – 12 months3. Planning & Licensing
£3,000 - £10,0004 months2. Feasibility
£500 - £2,0002 months1. Pre-Feasibility
Approximate Cost
Typical Timescale
Stage
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Feed-in Tariffs
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“Mini Hydro Guide”
www.british-hydro.org