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Hyper – idea and conceptThe Role of Large Scale Hydrogen, Brussels, December 10, 2019
Petter Neksåa,b and David Berstada
a SINTEF Energy Research, Department of Gas Technology, NORWAYb NTNU, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, NORWAY
Contact: Petter Nekså ([email protected]) and David Berstad ([email protected])
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Hyper project idea, large scale hydrogen production for export
The Hyper concept
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Primary energy sources in Norway
Data source: Statistics Norway, Norsk Petroleum
0
200
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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
TWh/
a
Hydropower
Wind power
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140
160
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
CO2
inte
nsity
of L
H 2pr
oduc
tion
[kg/
MW
h HHV]
CO2 intensity of grid electricity [kg/MWh]
CO2 intensity of liquid hydrogen product
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Up-/mid-stream emissions from natural gas production
Indirect CO2 emissions from electricity consumption
Natural gas reforming with 93.4 % CO2 capture+ Liquefaction
16.4 kg/MWhelNorway average (2017, NVE)
Direct CO2 emissions from reforming plant (93.4 % CO2 capture)
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
CO2
inte
nsity
of L
H 2pr
oduc
tion
[kg/
MW
h HHV]
CO2 intensity of grid electricity [kg/MWh]7
Up-/mid-stream emissions from natural gas production
Indirect CO2 emissions from electricity consumption
Water electrolysis+ Liquefaction
Natural gas reforming with 93.4 % CO2 capture+ Liquefaction
16.4 kg/MWhelNorway average (2017, NVE)
Direct CO2 emissions from reforming plant (93.4 % CO2 capture)
CO2 intensity of liquid hydrogen product
CO2 intensity for hydrogen produced in Norway is very low and comparable independent of renewable or fossil source with CCS
Examples of scale of production
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0.2–1 ton/d(≈ 0.4–2 MW)
Hydrogen fuelling station Domestic use in industry (Tizir, Tyssedal)
30 ton/d(≈ 50 MW)
Production, liquefaction of LH2 for long-distance bulk transport
500 ton/d(> 1000 MW)
x 10–
x 100
Source: Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Scale of the Hyper project
x 15–
x 25
x 500–2500
In perspective: 500 ton liquid hydrogen per day
• 820 MWHHV hydrogen energy flux
• 7 TWh per year of hydrogen energy output
• Decabonised fossil route (NG with CCS):• < 1 % of annual domestic natural gas production
• Green route (electricity as sole primary energy source):• > 1200 MW electric power• ≈ 10 TWhel annually (about 7 % of annual domestic
power generation)9
Source: Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Scale and duty requirements –production volume rate and storage
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• Envisioned production volume: 500 tons per dayo Required volume for one 160 000 m3 ship loading every 3 weeks (16 calls annually)o Comparison, Snøhvit LNG plant: 60–70 calls per year
• Energy flux in the hydrogen product stream:o 5.8 kg/s * 142 MJHHV/kg ≈ 820 MWHHV
• Corresponds to about 7 TWh per year of energy output• Theoretical minimum storage volume: 160 000 m3. Sketch below indicates size of 5 aligned 40 000 m3
spherical LH2 storage tanks (200 000 m3)
≈ 45 m
Prospective LH2 carrier4 x 40 000 m3
11 000 t
LH2 truck< 50 m3
< 3.5 t
40 000 m3
2 800 t
H2network
Heatingnetwork
Electric grid
Heat pump Electric boiler
Electrolyser
Fuel cell
H2 burnerFuel cell
Heat-to-power
PEM / SOEC electrolyser integration
H2 GT/engine
© Hanne Kauko, SINTEF Energi
Summary
• Norway has a large potential for hydrogen export
• Mid-term: Low-emission hydrogen in the GW range could be made from natural gas with CCS
• Long-term: Increasing potential from renewable power
• Both sources can give very low net CO2 emissions
• Hydrogen from fossil and renewable sources can be exported through common infrastructure
• Hydrogen production and export from Norway may be an emerging option of interest for:
• valorisation of domestic energy resources
• realising new industrial-scale CO2 capture and storage projects
• contributing to reductions in global CO2 emissions within power, heating, transport and industries
• Let us find the optimal balance between the options available to obtain a quick, secure and affordabletransition
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Teknologi for et bedre samfunn