Educ.17 Activity

Presented By:

Dyna Mae Italia

Dany Be Manocan

Daisy Dalisay

BSED III-C

Presented To:

Mrs. Cezan Singson

(Teacher)

Hypermedia

What is Hypermedia?

-An application which uses associative relationships among information contained within multiple media data for the purpose of facilitating access to, and manipulation of, the information encapsulated by the data.

Hypermedia, an extension of the term hypertext, is a nonlinear medium of information which includes graphics, audio, video, plain text and hyperlinks. This contrasts with the broader term multimedia, which may include non-interactive linear presentations as well as hypermedia. It is also related to the field of electronic literature. The term was first used in a 1965 article by Ted Nelson

The World Wide Web is a classic example of hypermedia, whereas a non-interactive cinema presentation is an example of standard multimedia due to the absence of hyperlinks.

Hypermedia also define as… "A memex is a device in which an individual

stores all his books, records and communications and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory."

Hypertext: "a combination of natural languages text with the computer s �capacity for branching, or dynamic display"

Hypertext: "a database that has active cross-references and allows the reader to "jump" to other parts of the database as desired"

(a) Process of writing and reading using traditional linear media (b) Process of writing and reading using non-linear hypermedia

Hypermedia and Human Memory

Human memory is associative. We associate pieces of information with other information and create complex knowledge structures. We often remember information via association. That is a person starts with an idea which reminds them of a related idea or a concept which triggers another idea. The order in which a human associates an idea with another idea depends on the context under which the person wants information. That is a person can start with a common idea and can end up associating it to completely different sequences of ideas on different occasions

The reading process can be seen as a transformation of external information into an internal knowledge representation combined with integration into existing knowledge structures. These processes are shown in Figure 2-1a. For this the reader breaks the information into smaller chunks and rearranges these based on the readers information requirement. We rarely read a text book or a scientific paper from start to end. We tend to browse through the information and then follow the information trails that are interesting to us

Hypermedia development toolsHypermedia may be developed a number of ways. Any

programming tool can be used to write programs that link data from internal variables and nodes for external data files. Multimedia development software such as Adobe Flash, Adobe Director, Macromedia Authorware, and MatchWare Mediator may be used to create stand-alone hypermedia applications, with emphasis on entertainment content. Some database software such as Visual FoxPro and FileMaker DeveloperFileMaker Developer may be used to develop stand-alone hypermedia applications, with emphasis on educational and business content management.

Hypermedia and learningThere have been a number of theories

concerning hypermedia and learning. One important claim in the literature on hypermedia and learning is that it offers more control over the instructional environment to the reader or student. Another claim is that it makes level the playing field among students of varying abilities and enhances collaborative learning. A claim from psychology includes the notion that hypermedia more closely models the structure of the brain, in comparison with printed text

Hypermedia and language learning

Hypermedia has found a place in foreign language instruction as well. Hypermedia reading texts can be purchased or prepared so that students can click on unfamiliar words or phrases in a foreign language and then access all the information needed to understand the word or phrase. Information can be in any medium, for example, text-based translations, definitions, grammatical explanations, and cultural references. Also, audio recordings of the pronunciation as well as images, animations and video for visualization. Some of the innovations in this area were the original products from Transparent Language as well as Ottmar Foelsche's Annotext and Thom Thibeault's hypermedia editor, FLAn.

Current State of Hypermedia

If we look at the current state of hypermedia applications, we can identify at least two major limitations. Firstly, we have yet to satisfactorily address problems of effective location of information. In order to be able to use information we must be able to identify or locate the information we need. Our current applications typically rely on primitive manual authoring of static links, with little subsequent assistance to a user. Similarly current applications rarely attempt to develop an understanding of the users context and how to respond to this.