hypers301x syllabus 2016 understandhow!scramjet!propulsionfits!withincontext!of!aerospace!...
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Hypers301x
Hypersonics – from Shock Waves to Scramjets
Course Syllabus
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Scramjet image used for the title page of videos. Created by David Yu and Michael Smart, Centre for Hypersonics, The University of Queensland
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Table of contents
Contents
1.0 What is this Hypersonics course about? ........................................................................................ 3
2.0 Who is the audience for this course? ............................................................................................ 3
3.0 What are the expected learning outcomes? .................................................................................. 4
4.0 What is the learning pathway for the course? ............................................................................... 4
5.0 How is the course content organised? ........................................................................................... 6
6.0 Approximately how long will it take to complete the course? ...................................................... 7
7.0 How do I navigate through the course? ......................................................................................... 7
8.0 What are the assessment and completion requirements for this course? .................................... 9
9.0 Recommended resources .............................................................................................................. 9
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1.0 What is this Hypersonics course about?
A flow is called hypersonic if the Mach number is greater than 5. This means that the flow speed is more than five times the speed of sound. In air at room temperature, the speed of sound is around 340 m/s, so a Mach 5 flow would have a flow speed of 1.7 km/s or just over 6,000 km/h. When a rocket launches a satellite into earth orbit, when a probe enters the atmosphere of another planet or when an aircraft is propelled by a supersonic combustion ramjet engine (a scramjet), hypersonic flows are encountered. Hypersonics – from Shock Waves to Scramjets introduces the basic concepts associated with flight at speeds greater than Mach 5 and takes students to the stage where they can analyse the performance of a scramjet engine that might be used in a future access-‐to-‐space system.
2.0 Who is the audience for this course?
This course is designed with two audiences in mind.
The primary audience: This is an open course and anyone can choose to participate and learn about hypersonics. However, the full course was designed with 3rd year engineering and science students in mind. Therefore, it is recommended that you have a good understanding of introductory concepts in Calculus, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics. These will enable you to fully participate in the course, particularly the assessment tasks.
The secondary audience: A learning pathway has been developed for an audience that is interested in this field but may not necessarily want to complete all sections and obtain a certificate. If this is you, then it is recommended that you commence at Section 1 and have a look at the subsections up to the sub-‐section on the rocket equation. Then, at the start each of the subsequent sections, there are ‘Beginners Guides’. These first sub-‐sections provide a basic summary of the topic. You are very welcome to delve more deeply into each topic, but be warned that some of the concepts might be difficult!
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3.0 What are the expected learning outcomes?
By the end of this education program, the primary audience will be able to: o understand when compressible flow occurs, how a compressible flow
behaves and when a flow becomes hypersonic, § calculate speed of sound and Mach number § calculate stagnation and static properties of a gas
o model 1D compressible flows with § area change § heat addition § friction
o understand the nature of shock waves § calculate shock angles and the change in flow properties across
shock waves o understand the effects on a flow when the flow is hypersonic
§ change in thermochemistry § Mach number independence § Hypersonic equivalence principle
o understand how scramjet propulsion fits within context of aerospace propulsion
o model the performance of a simple 2D scramjet engine
4.0 What is the learning pathway for the course?
The primary audience: If you intend to complete the whole course and receive a certificate, then you should work through the sections in the order in which they are presented since each section builds upon the prior one. The structure of the course for the primary audience is indicated in Figure 1.
The secondary audience: If you just want to satisfy an interest in hypersonics, have a look at the first section (all but “The Rocket Equation”), and then look at the first sub-‐section for each section: the Beginner’s Guides. The structure of the course for the secondary audience is shown in Figure 2.
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Figure 1. Structure of the course for the primary audience
Figure 2. Structure of the course for the secondary audience
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5.0 How is the course content organised?
Table 1 provides a summary of the course sections and sub-‐sections.
Section Sub-‐sections
1. What is Hypersonics?
1.1 Overview of course 1.2 When is a vehicle moving at a hypersonic
speed? 1.3 What is a shock wave? 1.4 What is a scramjet? 1.5 The Rocket Equation 1.6 The scramjet engine arrangement used in the
course Section 1 assessment (5%)
2. Isentropic Flow
2.1 Beginners’ Guide to Isentropic Flow 2.2 Motivation: flow in a scramjet nozzle 2.3 Fundamentals of compressible flow 2.4 Steady adiabatic flow 2.5 Flow with area change Section 2 – Assessment (10%)
3. Shock Waves
3.1 Beginners’ guide to shockwaves 3.2 Normal shock waves 3.3 Oblique shock waves Section 3 – Assessment (10%)
4. Combustors in Scramjets
4.1 Beginners’ guide to the combustor 4.2 Flow with friction 4.3 Heat addition 4.4 Stoichiometry Section 4 – Assessment (10%)
5. Hypersonics
5.1 Beginners’ guide to hypersonic flow 5.2 High temperature 5.3 Mach number independence 5.4 Hypersonic vehicle shapes 5.5 Hypersonic facilities Section 5 – Assessment (10%)
6. Scramjets 6.1 Beginners guide to scramjets 6.2 Control volume analysis 6.3 Overall engine analysis
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Section Sub-‐sections
6.4 Future challenges Section 6 -‐ Assessment (5%)
7. Project 7.1 Specification of project Section 7 -‐ Project assessment (50%)
Table 1. Course structure
6.0 Approximately how long will it take to complete the course?
If you plan to complete the whole course then expect to spend 4 – 8 hours on each of the first six sections. The final section, the project, may require a little more time than the other sections. If you just want a taste of what hypersonics is all about then you will probably want to set aside an hour or so for each section.
7.0 How do I navigate through the course?
When you first go to the course you will land in the ‘Home’ area where you will see announcements, course updates, etc. This area also contains links to the syllabus (this document) and general information about doing edX courses. There are several other tabs across the top of the page:
Progress: This tab shows your progress and grades for all completed sections of the course.
Course: This area holds the course content – videos, activities, assessments etc. You should generally work through the course in the order in which it is presented. The sections are listed in the left-‐hand navigation bar (in blue text) and when you click on one of these, then the sub-‐sections (in black text) will be displayed as shown in Figure 3. In this screen shot we are looking at content for Section 1 sub-‐section 2.
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Figure 3. Course content area
Once you click into a sub-‐section then each of these hold a varying number of units (usually between 1 and 10). These are displayed across the top of the screen in the horizontal bar. The sub-‐section shown above has four units and the first unit is currently displayed.
Tip! It can be easy to miss some of the content in these units if you generally work in learning platforms where navigation is done from the sidebar. In the edX environment you need to navigate using both the left side bar and the bar at the top of the page.
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8.0 What are the assessment and completion requirements for this course?
This course contains both ungraded (practice) and graded assessment pieces. If you want to receive an ID Verified Certificate then you will need to complete all of the graded assessment pieces. This includes the quizzes and problems that are at the end of sub-‐sections 1 – 6 and the project in Section 7. Graded assessment pieces are identified in the left hand navigation pane by a blue icon. For example, in Figure 3, you can see that the graded assessment for Section 1 is worth 5%.
You will need to obtain an overall mark of at least 50% over all of the graded assessment items in order to pass the course. Your final grade in the course will depend on whether you’ve completed the quizzes and the final project. If you login to Hypers301x, and click “Progress,” you can see how well you’re doing throughout the course.
9.0 Recommended resources
If you would like to learn more about hypersonics, the following texts are good starting places:
1. Anderson, J.D. 2000 “Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics” Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, NY. (See the introduction and some selected chapters by searching for the title at http://books.google.com/)
2. Heiser, W.H. and Pratt, D.T. 1994 “Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion” Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, NY. (See the introduction and some selected chapters by searching for the title at http://books.google.com/)