hyperscale data centers - 5 ways to reduce your carbon footprint

Cooling For Future Data CentersConselve, October 12th

Maurizio Frizziero - Global Product Line Manager, Air Economizers and Chillers

Hyperscale and Large Data Centers5 ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

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Design on optimum temperatures

Select adiabatic and evaporative solutions

Prefer Variable speed drive Technologies

Consider temperature and pressure dynamic controls

Leverage on new refrigerants

Hyperscale and Large Data Centers - 5 ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Hyperscale Data Centers designDesign approaches

Chilled water plant with economizer Economizer air handling systems

Design on optimum temperatures How to design next generation datacenters

• ASHRAE guidelines allow operation at high operating temperatures

• New operating envelope allow maximization of air and water economization systems

• Air handling and CRAC/H units need to be designed and optimized in order to leverage as more as possible on new temperatures

Combination between ASHRAE guidelines and last technologies are new best practices in Datacenter design


Design on optimum temperatures

Design on optimum temperatures How to design next generation datacenters

• ASHRAE guidelines allow operation at high operating temperatures

• New operating envelope allows maximization of air and water economization systems

• Air economizers and CRAC/H need to be designed and optimized in order to leverage as much as possible on new temperatures

Combination between ASHRAE guidelines and last technologies must be the new best practices in Datacenter design


An effective route to saving OPEX and CAPEXNew temperatures optimize Total Cost of Ownership

*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, data refer to chiller only

• Traditional temperatures do not optimize summer and economization mode

• It is advantageous to move from traditional 7°C or 10°C operation to higher values, up to 20°C

High water temperatures…

• …are mandatory to comply with ASHRAE standards

• …improve OPEX since these optimize the cooling circuit and extend economization operation

• ….allow CAPEX reduction since the chillers can be downsized


-40%

7 10 18Set-point [°C]

CA

PE

X*

-30%

The next frontier – Wide DeltaT OperationChilled water plan optimization

What does it mean to shift design from

18/24°C 18/28°C

OPEX saving

• Pump power saving: -15%

• Extended economizer mode: +4°C

• Less power consumption on fan side: -20%

CAPEX improvement

• saving on hydraulic infrastructure

• pressure drop reduction up to 70kPa

•Site: Paris•Unit: BREF2812A•Unit Capacity: 1000kW•Design water temperature: 18°C


Minimum PUE with Air economizers

*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy, deltaT:14°C, water cost 1.74€/m3, 0.1€/kWh

**Supply air temperature 25°C, deltaT:14°C, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy

New ASHRAE recommendations allow wide application of indirect air economizers


22 25 27Set-point [°C]

1-ye

ar O

PE

X* -12%

1.05 1.05 1.11

Chicago Paris Singapore

pPU

E**

Select adiabatic and evaporative solutions How to decrease PUE further

What is adiabatic or evaporative cooling?

It is a process, based on water evaporation, for forcing the average temperature of an air mass to the wet bulb conditions.

As water is evaporated, energy is dissipated by the air, reducing the temperature.

In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary:

• to create a large contact surface between water and air

• to force heat exchange between air and water to grant water evaporation


Select adiabatic and evaporative solutions

Select adiabatic and evaporative solutions How to decrease PUE further

What is adiabatic or evaporative cooling?

It is a process, based on water evaporation, for forcing the average temperature of an air mass to the wet bulb conditions.

As water is evaporated, energy is dissipated by air, thus reducing temperature.

In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary

• to create a large contact surface between water and air

• to force the heat exchange between air and water to grant water evaporation


Indirect Air economizersHow it’s made

The adiabatic solution on air economizers is based on

• Nozzles, keep the unit “core” continuously wet, when T and RH allow evaporative effect maximization.

• Air-to-air heat exchangers, manufactured in polyurethane material, are not affected by corrosion and are easily serviceable

• Water recirculation, allows reduction in water consumption

• Embedded control system, which monitors, controls and optimizes the unit operation, including adiabatic


Indirect Air economizersHow it works

Dry OperationThe unit can cool the data center just via the air-to-air Heat Exchanger thus using only external cold air

WET OperationThe unit can here exploit the evaporative effect via humidification

Trim coolingAt higher temperatures and humidity, the unit might require trim cooling, but, at high temperature and low relative humidity the unit can work just with evaporative cooling


Chillers and water economizersHow it’s made

The adiabatic solution on chillers is based on

• Nozzles, the position has been defined in order to optimize the drop distribution

• Layout, the “V” shape arrangement for coils and economizer coils allows onboard installation of the adiabatic

• Protective filter: The internal components and the coils are protected by non-evaporated water with specific filters

• Embedded control system, which monitors, controls and optimizes the unit operation, including adiabatic

Protective filters

Nozzles

Control board and human interface1

Onboard pumping for adiabatic system

Water collect and discharge system

BafflesConfidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Chillers and water economizersHow it works

• Chiller application

• Max ambient operation, up to 5°C more

• Size optimization, leveraging on extra capacity to reduce the unit size

• Better efficiency in Mechanical cooling operation, up to +8%

• Economization mode

• Economization activation, up to 5°C higher ambient temperature for activating free-cooling

• Up to 20% more hours in total economizer mode


-19 -13 -7 -1 5 11 17 23 29 35 41 470

50

100

150

200

250

w/o adiabatic w/ adiabatic

Outdoor temperature [°C]

Abs

orbe

d po

wer

[kW

]

No adiabatic More economization

Less power consumtion

Adiabatic No Adiabatic

*Paris climate conditions, constant thermal load 1MW, N+1 redundancy, 20/30°C

A worldwide perspective

Buenos Aires -18%

Sydney -17%

Beijing -14%

New Delhi -13%

Paris -22% Moscow -13%

Data calculated comparing traditional water economizer units at 18/24°C with water economizers with adiabatic at 18/28°CConfidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Prefer Variable speed drive Technologies A way to reduce dependency on mechanical cooling

• High temperature design, adiabatic, Free-cooling and economizers reduce dependency on mechanical cooling, moving to a “trim” cooling concept

• “trim” cooling approach moves design to size mechanical cooling to cover capacity not dissipated by free-cooling

• Variable Speed Drive compressors

• Is completely available on all capacities, although with different arrangements

• Optimize trim cooling effect

• Improve energy efficiency

• Reduce CAPital EXpense on electrical investment

• Allow to install more capacity with the same electrical infrastructure


150

250

+500

15

Unit size [kW]

Prefer Variable speed drive Technologies

Prefer Variable speed drive Technologies A way to reduce dependency on mechanical cooling

• High temperature design, adiabatic and economizers reduce dependency on mechanical cooling, moving to a “trim” cooling concept

• The “trim” cooling approach sizes mechanical cooling to cover the capacity not dissipated by the economization section


• are completely available on all capacities, although with different arrangements

• optimize trim cooling effect

• improve energy efficiency

• reduce CAPital EXpense on electrical investment

• allow to install more capacity with the same electrical infrastructure


15kW

100kW

250kW

+500kW

Variable speed drive technologiesA way to reduce dependency on mechanical cooling








Standard unit Trim cooling unit

Mec

hani

cal c

oolin

g

-40%

Load [%]Traditional compressorsVSD technology

Variable speed drive technologies

Same Electrical Backbone (3000A) – Montreal, Quebec, Canada

A way to reduce dependency on mechanical cooling








IT

IT

Traditional

Trim cooling

Consider temperature and pressure dynamic controls Embedded solutions for adapting unit operation to actual load

Chilled water Set-point compensation

• All the Schneider Electric cooling resources can be linked together in a network to maximize the operating parameters and the current required.

• Row and room cooling units communicate to the chiller, reducing the energy requirement by means of a “tracking logic” for the current thermal load.

• The chilled water temperature varies dynamically to minimize compressor consumption and maximize the use of free-cooling, while maintaining the optimum temperature in the data center.

Dynamic control of chilled water pressure (VPF)

• Package chillers offer the possibility to have onboard VSD pumps with integrated pressure sensors

• Water flow and head pressure are managed on the IT load variation, improving pump efficiency

• Primary only plants can be designed, saving both CAPital EXpense and OPerative EXpenses

• Increased efficiency due to the continuous speed adaption on the pressure drops of the circuit.

Embedded pressure control on Air economizer

• Indirect air economizer can be provided with pressure control sensors

• Airflow and fans speed are based on the real need of the IT space

• BMS and PLCs are not necessary for this purpose

Consider temperature and pressure dynamic controls

Consider temperature and pressure dynamic controls Embedded solutions for adapting unit operation to actual load

Chilled water Set-point compensation

• Row and room cooling units communicate to the chiller the actual thermal load

• The chilled water temperature varies dynamically to minimize compressor consumption and maximize the use of economization mode

Dynamic control of chilled water pressure (VPF)

• Packaged chillers can be fitted with onboard VSD pumps with integrated pressure transducers

• Water flow and head pressure are managed on the IT load variation, improving pump efficiency

• Primary only plants can be designed, saving both CAPital EXpense and OPerative EXpenses

Embedded pressure control on IT space

• Air Containment and IT room pressure control

• Indirect air economizer can be provided with pressure control sensors -> Airflow and fans speed are based on the real need of the IT space

• BMSs, DCIMs and PLCs are not necessary for this purpose

Leverage on new refrigerants How new standard are an opportunity to improve datacenters

• New refrigerants…

• …allow low impact on Global Warming

• …are flammable, although slightly

• …”move” less cooling and therefore need larger units

• …improve efficiency of cooling units

• Design with new refrigerants…

• …is more green

• …needs large and package unts are Air economizers and chillers to be installed outdoor and concentrate them

• …can be based on high water temperature in warm zone too

• …leverages on larger free-cooling capacitates Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Cooling capacity (kW) Energy efficiency (EER)

% V

s R13

4a

R134a R1234ze

Leverage on new refrigerants

Leverage on new refrigerants How new standards are an opportunity to improve datacenters

• New refrigerants…

• …allow low impact on Global Warming

• …are flammable, although only slightly

• …”move” less cooling and therefore need larger units

• …improve efficiency of cooling units

• Design with new refrigerants…

• …is more green

• …needs large and packaged units as air economizers and chillers to be installed outdoor and concentrated in a safe area

• …can be based on high water temperature in warm zones too

• …leverages on larger economization capacitiesConfidential Property of Schneider Electric |

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Cooling capacity (kW) Energy efficiency (EER)

% V

s R13

4a

R134a R1234ze

Main takeaways

1. Optimum design temperatures maximize economizer hours and reduce PUE and need specific cooling technologies

2. Adiabatic and evaporative solutions allow energy improvement and reduce dependency on mechanical cooling

3. leveraging on variable speed drive technologies, “trim” cooling allows CAPEX reduction in electrical infrastructure and improved OPEX

4. Dynamic temperature and pressure controls allow a continuous adaption of power consumption to the actual cooling demand

5. New refrigerants are not mere greenwashing, while an opportunity to exploit the latest temperature design, even in hot climatic zones

Cooling For Future Data Centers

hyperscale data centers - 5 ways to reduce your carbon footprint

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