I CANI CAN identify innovations identify innovations in agricultural technology in agricultural technology and business practices and business practices and assess their impact and assess their impact on the West.on the West.

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Macro ConceptsMacro Concepts

ChangeChange-the transformation of a person, place or thing.-the transformation of a person, place or thing.TransportationTransportation-the willing or forced relocation of an object to a -the willing or forced relocation of an object to a

different area.different area.

Micro ConceptsMicro Concepts

IndustrializationIndustrialization-the process of people producing things using mass -the process of people producing things using mass production and machinery.production and machinery.

National economyNational economy-a financial system controlled by a central -a financial system controlled by a central government.government.

Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration-the complete control of all aspects/parts of a -the complete control of all aspects/parts of a company’s business.company’s business.

Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration-the complete control of an entire type of -the complete control of an entire type of business [ex. An oil company takes over other oil companies]. business [ex. An oil company takes over other oil companies].

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Barbed WireBarbed Wire On the Western Frontier cattle ranchers used On the Western Frontier cattle ranchers used barbed wirebarbed wire to to

contain and fence in their livestock to prevent them from being contain and fence in their livestock to prevent them from being stolen from cattle rustlers [cow thieves].stolen from cattle rustlers [cow thieves].

Border and property disputes occurred because there was less Border and property disputes occurred because there was less open free range for cattle grazing.open free range for cattle grazing.

The invention of barbed wire was developed by The invention of barbed wire was developed by Joseph Joseph GliddenGlidden as a way to improve fence strength of the existing as a way to improve fence strength of the existing types of fence wire.types of fence wire.

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

WindmillsWindmillsWindmills were used to Windmills were used to

harness the power of the harness the power of the wind for electricity and farm wind for electricity and farm machinery.machinery.

The energy generated by the The energy generated by the technology was free [after technology was free [after the cost of purchase] and the cost of purchase] and renewable.renewable.

Also, no pollution was created Also, no pollution was created as a result of using as a result of using windmills. It allowed windmills. It allowed farmers to be energy farmers to be energy independent.independent. Michael Quiñones, NBCT

www.socialstudiesguy.com

Refrigerated Railroad CarsRefrigerated Railroad Cars Railroad companies invented a refrigerated car in order to preserve Railroad companies invented a refrigerated car in order to preserve

crops from spoiling.crops from spoiling.

Railroads were able to charge more for the freight and earn more Railroads were able to charge more for the freight and earn more money.money.

Farmers were able to earn more money because their crops did not Farmers were able to earn more money because their crops did not perish and as a result saved in order to be sold. perish and as a result saved in order to be sold.

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Farmers’ CooperativesFarmers’ Cooperatives In order to create more opportunities for poor farmers to succeed In order to create more opportunities for poor farmers to succeed

despite large odds against them cooperatives were founded.despite large odds against them cooperatives were founded.

The purpose of a cooperative was to pool [gather/combine] The purpose of a cooperative was to pool [gather/combine] resources such as land, cash and equipment.resources such as land, cash and equipment.

Farmers could borrow money from the cooperatives to buy seed, Farmers could borrow money from the cooperatives to buy seed, fertilizer or workers.fertilizer or workers.

Example of farming cooperative Click on link belowMichael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie was a steel magnate who was a steel magnate who owned the largest steel company in the United owned the largest steel company in the United States: States: U.S. Steel CorporationU.S. Steel Corporation..

Carnegie created a business strategy called Carnegie created a business strategy called vertical vertical integrationintegration..

Vertical integrationVertical integration was strategy that combined was strategy that combined separate elements of Carnegie’s business under separate elements of Carnegie’s business under one organization. The efficiency could not be one organization. The efficiency could not be matched and competitors were eliminated.matched and competitors were eliminated.

Money was saved by Carnegie because he Money was saved by Carnegie because he did not have to use outside companies at any did not have to use outside companies at any time to make and eventually sell his product.time to make and eventually sell his product.

•Sale•Production•Labor•Raw materials

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

John D. RockefellerJohn D. RockefellerJohn D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller was an oil baron who was an oil baron who

monopolized the oil industry.monopolized the oil industry.

His pricing model and trust strategy eventually His pricing model and trust strategy eventually drove his competitors out of business.drove his competitors out of business.

He combined his operations with willing He combined his operations with willing competitors and reduced his prices below competitors and reduced his prices below cost [losing money temporarily].cost [losing money temporarily].

When When all competition was eliminatedall competition was eliminated he raised he raised oil prices to whatever he wanted. Customers oil prices to whatever he wanted. Customers had no other options and had to pay had no other options and had to pay whatever he charged.whatever he charged.

Horizontal integrationHorizontal integration was used by Rockefeller was used by Rockefeller to dominate an entire industry by allying with to dominate an entire industry by allying with selected competitors into selected competitors into truststrusts. His . His dominant business spread out and took over dominant business spread out and took over competing businesses.competing businesses.

Dominant business

Competing business

Competing business

Competing businessMichael Quiñones, NBCT

www.socialstudiesguy.com

RAFT paper RAFT paper Select one of the following options to write a first person narrative about.Select one of the following options to write a first person narrative about.

[1] Joseph Glidden, the inventor of barbed wire, describing how you believe your [1] Joseph Glidden, the inventor of barbed wire, describing how you believe your invention will improve farmers’ businesses invention will improve farmers’ businesses oror you’re a cattle rancher who uses the you’re a cattle rancher who uses the Open Range to graze your cattle and this invention is a huge obstacle.Open Range to graze your cattle and this invention is a huge obstacle.

[2] You’re a farmer deciding whether to invest in a very expensive windmill and you are [2] You’re a farmer deciding whether to invest in a very expensive windmill and you are weighing the costs of the device to decide if its worth the money.weighing the costs of the device to decide if its worth the money.

[3] You’re a railroad company executive who has invested millions of dollars on new [3] You’re a railroad company executive who has invested millions of dollars on new refrigerated cars refrigerated cars oror you are a corn or pig farmer who is deciding how and why this you are a corn or pig farmer who is deciding how and why this will help you make more money.will help you make more money.

[4] You’re Andrew Carnegie and planning to unveil your vertical integration business plan [4] You’re Andrew Carnegie and planning to unveil your vertical integration business plan and want to explain how it will benefit your company and want to explain how it will benefit your company oror you’re a steel competitor of you’re a steel competitor of Carnegie and must find a way to stay in business now.Carnegie and must find a way to stay in business now.

[5] You’re John D. Rockefeller and planning to unveil your horizontal integration business [5] You’re John D. Rockefeller and planning to unveil your horizontal integration business plan and want to explain how it will benefit your company plan and want to explain how it will benefit your company oror you’re an oil you’re an oil competitor of Rockefeller and must find a way to stay in business now.competitor of Rockefeller and must find a way to stay in business now.

Image sourcesImage sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IC_14713.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IC_14713.jpg http://unrealitymag.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/pacman_11.jpghttp://unrealitymag.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/pacman_11.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leach%27s_Mill,_Wisbech_1895.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leach%27s_Mill,_Wisbech_1895.jpg