i guidelines - wsp · community toilets play an important role in meeting the sanitation needs of...
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I Guidelines on 31408Toilcetses Zn
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Re gional Water and SanitationMinistry of Urban Affairs and Employment Gr DUp - South Asia, UNDP-World Bank
< D Government of India i] We ter & Sanitation Program
ii ~June 1995
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r-# f4w9m&1 Yleqq,, rq,.... GOVT. OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF URBAN AFFAIRS AND EMPLOYMENTDEPARTMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Dr. J.P. SinghPhone: 3019377
SECRETARY -r#f fk-.iiooii, -iTP 199Dated New Delhi- I1001 1, the 199
28th April, 1995
F O R E W O R D
Community Toilets play an important role inmeeting the sanitation needs of densely populatedlow income settlements in the urban areas. In': India Community Toilets have, in the past, beenprovided by the Municipalities and Corporations aswell as by Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs).The success of these efforts, judged on the basisof sustained and proper use has been a mixed onefor various reasons. At present there has been nocomprehensive guidelines on the issues to beaddressed at the preparation stage in order toenhance the chances of proper and sustained use ofthese facilities. I hope that the guidelinesprepared by the Regional Water and SanitationGroup-South Asia (RWSG-SA) of the UNDP/World BankWater and Sanitation Programme will go a long wayin meeting this need.
I also hope that the Municipal Authoritieswill find the Guidelines useful. I would however,urge upon them to let RWSG-SA have theirsuggestions and comments so that the Guidelines canbe further revised based on the feed-back from thefield.
J. P. ' inghSecretary to G vt. of India
47t .
i; .. Contents
CHAPTER I Introduction .1
CHAPTER II Project Preparation. 3
CHAPTER III Design and Construction 6
II . ..................CHAPTER IV Operation and Maintenance . 12
CHAPTER V Institutional and Financial Arrangem nts .16
Annexes ....... ........................................ 23
Drawings ........................................ . 61
1-
Chapter I
Introduction
Background 'Pay & Use' and 'No-Pay & Use'. A study of theliterature and a rapid survey2 and field1. At the end of the International Drinking investigationsrevealthatmanycommunitytoilets
Water and Sanitation Decade (1981-90), remain under such insanitary conditions that thesanitation coverage in India remained users do not like to enter them; they prefer opensignificantly low; in urban areas coverage in air defecation. Major deficiencies identified byMarch 1992 was only 48 percent'. In many parts the survey are: (i) lack of cleanliness and poorof the country, particularly in the semi-urban up-keep (noticeable more in the case of 'No-Payareas, the sanitation conditions are generally & Use' toilets), (ii) insufficient water supply andpoor and in some cases appalling. This reflects lighting, (iii) inappropriate location, (iv) poorthe inadequate number of household toilets construction standards, (v) insecurity (speciallyeither due to lack of space for construction or the for female users), and (vi) inadequate funds forinability of households to bear the capital costs operation and maintenance. Many of theseor both. To a large extent, community toilets are deficiencies can be effectively addressed byan effective alternative for improving sanitation better planning, design, construction, operationcoverage among the densely populated low and maintenance.income communities in urban and semi-urbanareas. Besides meeting the requirements of local Need for the Guidelinesresidents, a community toilet also has the 3. At present there are no comprehensiveadvantage of being able to serve the floating guidelines on community toilets thatpopulation in public places such as markets, bus provide information to the implementing agencies.stands, railway stations, hospitals, places of on issues related to aggregation of userworship etc. preferences, demand responsive designs,
construction, operation and maintenance. With2. With a view to meeting the sanitation needs the current emphasis by the Government ofof the low-income communities and the floating India and the state governments on the provisionpopulation, several thousand community toilets of community toilets to improve environmentalhave been constructed and operated by the sanitation, there is an urgent need forMunicipalities and non-governmental comprehensive guidelines to help theorganizations (NGOs) in various cities and implementing agencies in the proper planningtowns in India. These toilets are of two types; and management of these toilets.
Planning Commission (Govt. of India), Eighth Five Year Plan.2 For the preparation of these guidelines on design, construction, operation and maintenance of community toilets,rapid field investigations were carried out in four cities in India viz. Bombay, Calcutta, Lucknow, and Madras. Twocommunity toilets, operated on a 'Pay & Use' system and one, operated on a 'No-Pay & Use' basis, were selected fromeach city for the survey except in the case of Calcutta where three were selected from the first calrgory and one fromthe second.
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*~~~~ T4. The guidelines given here are based on the project prep ration, community preference
experience gained in India from the operation assessment an instruments for the field survey.
and maintenance of more than 2000 'Pay & Use' Chapter III dis usses the design criteria, provides
and several thousand'No-Pay & Use'community some typical designs and also a few tips for
toilets in urban and semi-urban areas. The construction. Chapter IV is devoted to the
guidelines also draw on the findings of the rapid operation an1 maintenance aspects of the
survey and field investigations already community oilets such as operation and
mentioned. maintenance schedules, operation and
maintenance staff and their responsibilities,Target Groups storage requ rements, creation of awareness
5. The target groups for these guidelines among users and monitoring by local bodies.
include: municipal administrators and engineers, Chapter V overs institutional and financial
state road transport authorities, railways, arrangement for community toilets. This
implementing agencies and NGOs involved in includes a r view of current institutional and
construction and/or operation and maintenance financial pra tices, their merits and demerits
of community toilets. and suggesti ns for improvements, and training
Lay out of the Guidelines of staff.
6. Chapter II describes the methodology of
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Chapter 11
ProjectPreparation
1. Project preparation means the toilet and reasons for not constructingdocumentation of all the relevant technical, household toilets. An assessment shouldfinancial, social, institutional, operational and also be made of the number of pavementmaintenance aspects of a project in a structured dwellers. A survey format for the generalmanner. A well structured project document households and pavement dwellers is givenreflects the effective demand for services and in Annex 1.enables the concerned agency to successfully inimplement the project and ensures its sustained: operation and maintenance. Residents: This includes a field surveycovering about 25 percent of the totalProject Preparation Steps number of households without toilets in the
project area. The households should be 2. Project preparation includes communityv . . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~selected in such a manner that the samplepreference assessment, site selection, site... . '. .' . ................. covers adequately all socio-economic lspecific investigations, collection of information
on institutional and financial aspects for groups. The aim of the survey will be toconstruction, operation and maintenance of the collect information on the number of family.< . . . ~~~~~~~~members who are likely to use the Icommunity toilets and finally the preparation ofthe project document. community toilets including bathing andwashing facilities, willingness to pay capitalCommunity Preference Assessment costs partially and O&M costs fully,3^ The objective of community preferencepreferred location, preferred hours of use,- 3. The objective of comrnunity preference,
material used for anal cleaning and socialassessment is to reveal the effective demand forbeliefs. A format f'or this survey is given in :services from a community toilet. A well defined
survey is a pre-requisite for estimating demand. Annex 2.The survey would include assessing the iii) Survey for Assessing the Number ofr households without a toilet, estimating the Users of Other Categories : Othernumber of non-resident users, assessing the categories of users include floatingpreferences of potential resident and non-resident population, rickshaw/hand cart pullers, taxiusers and aggregating their preferences. drivers and other similar groups of people.i) Survey for Assessing Households For assessing the floating population,
Without Toilet: The purpose of this discussions should be held with thesurvey is to assess the number of authorities managing public facilities likehouseholds without toilet, number of hospitals, bus terminals and railway stations,.- persons living in these households and trade organizations and places of worship,their economic background, present place as found necessary. An assessment shouldfor defecation, dermand for a community also be made of the number of rickshaw and
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hand cart pullers, taxi drivers etc., who are Site Specific Investigations
likely to use the community toilet. A format 5. These include: collection of site specific
for assessing the floating population data on soil (haracteristics, ground water levels
and other categories of users is given in during various seasons, flooding/water logging
Annex 3. of the site, a ailability of sewer lines for disposal
iv) Survey for Assessing the Preferences of of wastewat r, and availability of water supply
Users of Other Categories : The purpose and electricity. Wherever necessary, a
of interviewing non-resident users is to topographic map for the site needs to be prepared.
collect information on their demand for Annex 5 gi es a checklist for collection of site
sanitation and their willingness to pay for a specific dat , based on which decisions on the
community toilet. About five percent of this type of foun ation for civil structure, wastewater
category of users should be interviewed. disposal sy tem and also the need for making
A format for such a survey is given in independe t arrangements for water and
Annex 4. electricity an be taken.
v) Aggregation of User Preferences: The n. I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nforin-ati Dn on Institutional & Financilauser preferences arrived at through the
resident surveys should be consolidated in Aspects:order to arrive at the total number of 6. The in titutional and financial aspects should
resident users. To this should be added the be discuss d with community leaders, the local
number of users of other categories to body, non-, overnmental organizations (NGOs)
obtain the total number of users. By and comm nity based organizations (CBOs).
extrapolation of data collected during the Institutionr , aspects include: investigations of
survey using formats given in Annex 2 and the insti utional options available for
Annex 4, an estimate can be made of the constructi n, operation and maintenance of the
total number of users for each facility. communi y toilets; and information on
experienc , credibility and past performance of
( Site Selection NGOs wi h potential for participation in a
4. Location of an appropriate site is often communi toilet programme. Financial aspects
a complex task. The rapid survey, mentioned cover: inv stigation of potential methods for
earlier in chapter 1, reveals that people, especially meeting c pital and recurrent3 costs; listing of
the women and the aged, are unlikely to use agencies t at can finance the capital costs; and
the facility if it is provided beyond half a also the po ssibility of recovering the full operation
kilometer distance. Hence the community and maint nance costs of the community toilet
toilet should be located close to the dwellings of on a 'Pay & Use' basis. A detailed checklist of
its users; if possible within half a kilometer informati n on institutional and financial aspects
distance or less. It should also be accessible to is include in Annex 5.
the users throughout the year. The convenience 7. Base on the data collected from the
of the local community should therefore be the field sur ey, the agency responsible for the
main guiding factor in the location of a toilet. p
The site should be selected by the poeteotpeaainsol lc
community.ehoule selectede by the before t e community, various institutionalcommuity.The mpleentin agecy sould and finan ilal options along with the advantages
provide information to enable the community and dis dantpges aof each, odertto. ~~~~~~~~~ancl dist dvantages of each, In order to
to appreciate the advantages and fa l
disadvantages of the various options for acilitate ecision making by the community. For
siting the toilet. instance, the implications in terms of usercharges of operation and maintenance by
3 recurrent costs include: depreciation, loan (capital cost) repayment, in erest on loan and operalion and maintenance
costs.
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community, private sector, an NGO and the local ancd recording data on survey forms. Samplebody may be shown to the community to facilitate checks must be carried out by the supervisorstheir choice. To ensure meaningful community during the survey to ensure that the data isparticipation, it is essential that the users are reliable and communication gaps between theconsulted right from the inception of the project interviewers and the respondents are kept to a'idea. minimum.
Project Preparation Team Project Document8. The project preparation requires multi- 9. The survey information collected forms thedisciplinary skills. The core project team should, basis for preparation of the project document.therefore, comprise a sociologist, a public health The guidelines on design and construction,engineer and field investigators with inputs from operation and maintenance and institutional anda civil engineer and a financial expert. The field financial aspects given in the following chaptersinvestigators should be briefed about the will be of help in the preparation of the projectobjectives of the survey and trained in the use document. The recommended content list for theof survey instruments, especially in interviewing project document is given in Annex 6.
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Chapter III
Design &Construction
1. The design is an important aspect of a vi) Waters pply is not available on a continuouscommunity toilet. A well designed community basis. T ere is no lighting arrangement to
toilet reflects the preference of the community facilitat use of the toilet in the night.
it serves and enhances its use and sustainability. v While designing a community toilet, factors like tak efruent is usually discharged into the
the preference and convenience of the users ,. .. , ~~~~~~~~~open dr ins causing obnoxious odor, These
durability of construction, ease of operation and dr ns caui obnoxious odor. The
maintenance and cost effectiveness should be drains reate health hazards and also aretaken into account. breedin grounds for mosquitoes and other
taken into account. inscts. l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nsects.,
Common Design D.eficiencies viii) Mainte ance is unsatisfactory because of
2. Past experience, the rapid survey and field poor fl oring, improper drainage, lack of
investigations mentioned in chapter 1 reveal the caretak r room, store etc.
following common design deficiencies in.. .:3. These eficiencies must be avoided while
community toilets: designing a d constructing a community toilet.
i) The number of toilet units available fallsshort of the actual requirements of the Classifica ion by Location
community with the result that they are 4. Theloc tion-ofacommunitytoiletinfluences
crowded and user experience long waiting the type an range of facilities to be provided.
times. These are s follows:
ii) Children need small squatting seats. It has i) Resid ntial: The facilities provided in
been noticed that this requirement is not a com unity toilet block in a residential
met in a large number of cases. Therefore, area a e primarily used by residents of the
children defecate outside the toilet or in the area including the pavement dwellers. The
open area. users i ormally prefer to have toilet, urinal,bathin and washing facilities in the toilet
iii) Separate space for washing clothes is notprovided. Therefore, bathrooms are used
extens vely since people leave their homesfor washing clothes. Consequently the users for wo k in the morning and return late in
have to wait a long time for their turn to the evening In the night the urinals are
take bath. used ccasionally.
iv) Poor ventilation results in a foul smell, The ormally include:
which attracts insects.a) In ependent compartments or toilet
v) No proper place is provided for people to blocks for men and women with separate
wait. entries from a lobby.
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b) Toilet seat for children in the section residential areas, more people use urinalfor women. and bathing facilities. While a community
LI. . toilet near a bus terminus or a railway l1c) Circulating area in each section. station is generally used round the clock,
d) Lobby for entry into the toilet block and use is generally restricted to day time andalso to seat the caretaker. evening in the case of toilet blocks located
e) Separate bathing cubicles for men and near markets, hospitals and religious places.In addition to the facilities mentioned inwomen.4(i) above, a non-residential community
f) Separate places for washing clothes in toilet may have additional facilities like:the male and female sections.
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a) Roonm for keeping the luggage of users;g) Urinal facility for men (women may use andtoilets).
b) Special bathrooms with toilet seat,h) Water supply. shower and washbasin.
i) Electricity. Items like tooth paste/tooth powder, soapj) Wastewater disposal system. and towel can be made available to users on
payment. Items (a) and (b) are normallyk) Superstructure.. .. ..provided in community toilets near a railway1) A room for the caretaker to live in. station or a bus terminus.
m) A store for keeping the cleaning Design ParametersC materials and equipment.
materials and equipment. 5. Important design parameters of a communityii) Non-residential: The community toilets toilet are:
located near railway stations, bus terminals, i) No. of Facilities: The number of.facilitiestruck stands, beaches, bathing ghats, market
S , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~required can be worked out based on the!places, hospitals and religious places come,, , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~norms for users per day given in Table 3.1. ,under this category. They are used mainly n fby the floating population (rickshaw pullers, ii) Size of the Facilities: The optimum andthree wheeler/taxi/truck drivers, pavement minimum sizes of toilet cubicle, bathroom,dwellers, hawkers, petty shop keepers and urinal and washing area are given intravelling public). In comparison to Table 3.2.
iTable 3.1 Number of Toilets, Baths, Urinals & Washing Area
L Location Toilet Seats Bath Units Urinal Units Clothes washing area
Residential areas where toilet One seat One unit One unit per 4-5 m2 per 10 toilet seats.,I! block is not generally used at night per 50 users per 50 users 200-300 users A minimum of 1.5mxl.2m
Non-residential: Railway stations, One seat One unit One unit per 4-5 m2 per 30 toilet seats.bus depots, etc. where use of toilet per 100 users per 70 users 300-500 users A minimum of 1.5xt.2m.block is round the clock
Non-residential: Near market place, One seat One unit One unit per 4-5 m2 per 10 toilet seats.hospital, religious place where toilet per 100 users per 50 users 200-300 users A minimum of 1.5x1.2mblock is not used at night.
Note The numbers of toilet seats, bath, urinal units and wuashing area given in this table are based on the experienceand data collected dutring the rapid survey.
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Table 3.2 Size of Toilet Cubicle, Bathroom Cubicle, Prinal & Washing Area
Description (ptimum (mm) Minimum' (mm)
Toilet cubicle ¶)00 x 1200 750 x 900
Bathroom 1|50 x 1200 900 x 1050
Urinals (divided into units by partition wall), but without urinal pots 575 x 675 500 x 600
Washing area 1 50 x 1500 150 x 1200
In case of space constraints, the minimum size may be adopted.
iii) Circulating Area: Adequate circulating hands ar d floors, is 7 liters. The requirement
area (frarearea for users to move inside the for bath ng is about 15 liters per user, for
toilet block) should be provided. Usually it flushing urinals 0.20 liter and for washing
is 2-3m wide depending upon the land area clothes about 20 liters. If water is to be
available. Circulating area should, as far as drawn from the municipal supply, an
possible, be kept open to the sky for fresh underg ound reservoir of half a day's
air and sunlight. In places which are capacity an overhead tank of similar capacity
subjected to snowfall or heavy rains, the and pu ping arrangements with a standby
circulating area should be covered. pump w 1l have to be provided. If a tube well
Wherever it is not possible to keep the is cons ructed exclusively for the toilet
circulating area open to the sky, adequate block, i will be preferable to keep a stand
lighting and ventilation arrangements by pu ping unit. In such a case, an
should be provided. underg ound reservoir will not be necessary
as wat r can be pumped directly into theiv) Store, Caretaker Room & Pump House:
. ~~overheadtank. It is desirable to have anA store room and a caretaker room should RCC o a PVC water storage tank To
be provided. A pump house may also be minim ethe wastage of water, the use of
I ~~~~~provided where requiredl. fcprovided where required. self clo sing water taps is recommended.
v) Superstructure: Superstructures should be i) S
well ventilated and designed with materials Vii) Sanita -y & Water Supply Fixtures:welenilteadesgndit m ls ;Fixtur s (like the wash hand basins, toilet
and specifications suitable for a 30 year life.
Superstructures should provide convenience pans,
and privacy to the users as well as ease in are ind cated in DRG. No. 1. These should
operation and maintenance. Construction be of a approved standard. The squattingpans sl ould be made from ceramic and be
details of a typical 11-seat community toilet oa P ulu (F design. Traps should
block are given in DRG. No.l1 of a Pc ur Flush (PF) design. Traps shouldblock aregiveninDRG. No.1. be of a 20 mm water seal (See DRG. No. 2).
vi) Water Supply: Lack of an adequate and Use o traps with water seal of 50 mm
continuous supply of water has been should be avoided to minimize water use for
observed as one of the contributory factors tlushi g. Where the community toilet block
to the unhygienic conditions in community is to b connected to the municipal sewerage
toilets. It is therefore necessary that each syste , a master trap should be provided
community toilet is provided with a before connection to the sewer. Wash hand
dependable water supply system. Wherever basins should be provided for in both the
an uninterrupted supply of water can not be male and female compartments. For
provided by the municipal water supply conve iience in maintenance, a perforated
system, a tube well should be constructed pipe w th water dripping continuously should
exclusively to meet the requirements of the be fix d on the wall for flushing the urinals.
toilet block. Water requirement for each The u inals should not be fitted with urinal
use of the toilet facility, including washing pots a their replacement is expensive. The
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design features of a urinal should include: because of the problems associated
(a) dividers, (b) walls (up to 2m height) and with the subsequent disposal of large
floor with ceramic tiles, and (c) perforated quantities of effluent from the septic
pipe to ensure water supply to-keep urinals tank through soakage pits or a dispersion
clean. The typical details of a urinal are trench.
given in DRG. No. 3. The pipe and fittings , E
used for water supply should be of a reputed Wastewater from the bathrooms and
-make. washing area should be discharged into anopen drainage channel (storm water drains)
viii) Lighting Arrangement: The toilet block covered with slabs. If an open channel is not
should be well lit, both inside and outside. available, soakage pits may be provided.
One common light point may be provided Alternatively, wastewater from the bathroom
for in each pair of toilet cubicles by limiting and washing area may be used for gardening
the partition wall to door height. The in the area surrounding the community
bathrooms, pump house, lobby and the toilet. In cases where a drainage channel is
caretaker room should have separate light not available and soakage pits can not be
points. Areas for circulating, washing and constructed due to space constraints or
urinal together with the outside of the toilet poor soil permeability, a holding tank should
should be well lit. The lobby and the be provided. The wastewater must then be
caretaker room should be provided with pumped out at frequent intervals by a
ceiling fans. tanker fitted with a vacuum pump and
discharged at a wastewater treatment plant
or in a sewer. Where there is a problem ofalternatives for disposal of wastewater from wastewater disposal, one alternative could
a community toilet block, (a) sewer, (b), , ~~~~be to avoid construction of bathrooms and
septic tanks with effluent discharge (c) bavoid c tn h m
leach pits, and (d) a digester to generate w a
biogas with effluent discharge. Under no circunmstances should effluent
from the septic tank be allowed to dischargea) Sewer: If a sewer is available within a
. . ., l~~~~~~~~~nto open drains or a water body. The mostIdistance of one kilometer and it is feasible
common practice for septic tank effluentto connect the toilet block to it, disposal to d h
, ~~~~~disposal has been to construct soakage pitSsewer should be preferred. The advantage
. ~~~~~or dispersion trenches. In water loggedin doing so is that the problems and costs areas or where the soil is impervious,associated with wastewater treatment and d t . I
. . . d~~~~~~lispersion trenches should be provided. It disposal are minimized. The wastewater i d t h
* . 1~~~~~S desirable to have two septic tanks eachshould be collected and conveyed by laying
; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~having half the total required capacity andpipes or, for short distances, constructing a to operate both of them. This permits the
covered brick drain. The brick drain has the,. .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~flow to pass through one unit while the
A; advantage that any blockages can be easily
removed by lifting the cover. (See DRG. ohrI en esugd h elno removed by lifting the cover. (See DRG. typical septic tank is given in Annex 7. (ForNos. 4 and 5.) construction details, see DRG. No. 6).
b) Septic Tank: If a sewer is not The typical design calculations of a soakage
available or if it is not feasible to connect pit are given in Annex 8. (See also DRG.
the toilet to a sewer network, a septic tank No. 7). Dispersion trenches can also be
will have to be provided. It is important that designed on the same basis. At the time of
only the toilet and urinal wastes should be commissioning, the septic tank should,
connected to the septic tank. In no case preferably, be seeded with a small quantity
should wastewater from the bathroom and of well digested sludge obtained from
washing area be taken into the septic tank another septic tank. In the absence of
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digested sludge, a small quantity of digested be provideo, a layout plan of major components
cow dung may be introduced. of the comrmunity toilet including disposal system
cI Leach Pits: If it is not feasible to may be pre Dared, keeping in view the land areac) Leach Pits: If it is not feasible to available..connect the toilet to a sewer, leach pits4 canbe used for small community toilets of upto Detailed Drawing of a CommunityToilet
100 users. It is preferable to have two setsof twin pits, each pit having sufficient 7. Based on the facilities to be provided and
capacity for half the number of likely users. the layout plan, the construction drawing of aI Digester: A digester can be installed toilet bloc k should be prepared. As far as,, d) Digester: A digester can be installed possible, t he design should also provide for
in the place of a septic tank to generate extension f the facilities in future. The design
biogas. Biogas generation is expected to be of a toilet lock should be adjusted to suit the
about 0.0283m3 per user per day at 35°C availability of land area. It also should be
temperature. It can be used for lighting and aesthetical y attractive. The toilet block can
cooking purposes directly or for generating extend to wo or three floors where limited land
electricity by a dual fuel engine coupled is availabl . At least one toilet and one bathroom
with an alternator. Biogas produced from a each for ales and females should be provided
1000 users' community toilet could cater to on the gr und floor for aged, sick and disabled
the cooking needs of about twenty families. persons.
Alternatively forty to fifty single mantlelamps (equivalent to a 40 Watt bulb) can be 8. The rimary objective of a community
lit for 5 hours by the biogas generated from toilet is t provide toilet facilities. In case of
a 1000 users' community toilet. The cost of space con straints, priority should be given to
installing a digester is higher than that of the provi ion of an adequate number of toilet
a septic tank, but besides the availability of seats and urinals. Thereafter, subject to the
biogas, a digester has the additional availabili of space, provision of bathrooms and
advantage that its effluent has less washing rea can be considered. To economize
suspended solids and is of better quality on the u e of space, the septic tank can be
than septic tank effluent. However, the construct d under the circulating area, toilet
effluent still contains a high load of cubicles f the minimum size can be provided
pathogens and needs to be disposed off and consi eration given to building a basement,
properly. Experience shows that biogas although basements are difficult to drain and
generation for energy is not economically protect fr m flooding.
viable where electricity is available orb.ogas from human ex.reta is not accepteda communty toilet
area is il ustrated in DRG. Nos. 8 - 12. If theas a domestic fuel. It is therefore, necessary budget p rmits, a boundary wall of 1500 mm
to carry out an in-depth study to assess its . . a
financial viability and acceptability before Itoilet blo k. The conceptual layout of a community
proposing a biogas plant along with acommunity toilet. ~~~toilet is iven in DRG. No. 13.
community toilet.
Layout Plan of the Toilet Constr ction
6. Based on the type of waste disposal and 10. Th following recommendations are
water supply arrangements, and the number of intended to ensure quality and also completion
toilet seats, baths, urinals and washing areas to of the pr ject on schedule.
4 Leach pits should be designed as per the Technical Guidelines on Tw in Pit Pour Flush Latrines' by the Ministry of
Urban Development. Govt. of India and Regional Water & SaniLation G oup - South Asia, UNDP/World Bank Water &
Sanitation Program, 1992.
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* i) Materials & Workmanship: All works iii) Water Tightness: The water reservoirs,should be carried out according to the pipe lines and sewers should be tested forrelevant specifications, approved designs water tightness.and drawings. Materials used in iv) Pollution Prevention: Precautions' shouldconstruction should be of specified quality be taken in the construction of soakage pitsand standards. The workmanship and quality or dispersion trenches to prevent pollution;, of work should be good. of nearby drinking water sources.
v) Site Development: The site should beii) Squatting Pans, Traps & Foot-rests: The developed to make it aesthetically attractive.
squatting pans and traps should be fixed Ever-green trees, plants and shrubs should becarefully so that the trap has a 20 mm water- planted to create shade and act as a buffer zoneseal, the top of the pan is level with the between the toilet block and its surroundings.floor, and the floor drains freely to the pan v
(Se DR. N. ). or sercofor thre vi) Time Schedule: The work should be (See DRG. No. 2). For user comfort, there completed within the specified time to.should be a 200 mm space between the rear cmltdwti h pcfe iet
avoid cost over-run as well as to ensure the 4edge of the pan and the back wall of the ..superstructure. Foot-rests should be fixed use of the faclity as planned.at the time of laying the floor. These should vii) Supervision: The construction should bebe about 20 mm above the floor level carried out under the strict super vision ofinclined, slightly away from the squatting the local body. A check list for supervisingpan in the front. the construction is given in Annex 9.
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l
5For precautions, see Technical Guidelines on Twin Pit Pour Flush Latrines' by Ministry of Urban Development. Govt.of India and Regional Water & Sanitation Group -South Asia, UNDP/World Bank Water & Sa-nitation Program, 1992.
11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Chapter IV
Operation nd
Maintenan e1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
1. Many community toilets maintained by local e. Chokage: As soon as chokage in a squatting
bodies are rarely used or niot used due to poor up- pan, trap , drain or sewer is noticed, it
keep and appalling insanitary conditions. By Shoul be removed promptly.
comparison those maintained by community based f. Min o repairs: Minor civil, electrical,
organizations (CBOs) or non-government organi plum ing and mechanical faults should be
* ~~zations (NGOs), are generally in better conditions.rea dasndw nthyoc.Operation and maintenance (O&MV) schedules, rpie sadwe hyocr
reposbiltiesofO&Mstaffandotherrequi-rements 3. Weel ly Schedule: The entire toilet complex
for good up-keep and effective performance of should be cleaned thoroughly once a week, on a
community toilets are discussed below. fixed day. iluted hydrochloric 'acid may be used
Operatin and aintennce Scedules for remov 1l of yellow stains on squatting pans,* Operation and Maintenance Schedules tiles etc.
2. Daily Schedule :To ensure proper up-keep 4 afYal n nulShdlsof a community toilet, the following daily 4.Hl eayanAnulShdesoperation and maintenance schedule is a. Ce'in of Water Storage Tanks : Water
.~~~~rcmedd ea"g
recommended. ~~~~~~~tank shtould be cleaned at least once ayear.
a. Up-keep & Cleanliness : The toilet block b anig&Rpis:Wieclrwsig
should be kept clean and tidy. Toilet pans,urinals, wash hand basin, troughs and tilespanngndraishodecridouonc a year. If found necessary, these mayshould be cleaned daily twice or thrice a
day with Other areas ~~be eeded more frequently. Toilet blockscleaning powder. ~~which are used 24 hours per day by a large
inside such as circulating areas and waitingnu eroussnedwie ahng
facilties shoud becleand one or wicepain -ing and repairs at least twice a year.a day.
0 ~~b. Soap Powuder : A teaspoonful of soap powder c. SpcTakDsldig:Hf-eryoshould be given to each user to wash hands yeally d e-sIudging is desirable, as frequent
after defecation. ~~~~de- uIdging inhibits anaerobic digestion.H ox ever, a septic tank should be emptied
C. Water Slupply : Adequate round the clock whe the depth of the scum and sludge
water supply should be ensured. All the exc eds two-thirds of its total depth. Since
storage tanks should be kept full to ensure the eti tak contains fresh human excreta
that the use of the toilet block is not aduigsed sludge at the time ot de-
affected, even when there is a breakdown in suin,tecontents are hieavily loaded
power or municipal water supply. wtphoes and are not safe for handling.
d. Lighting : All light points should be kept in Hec fcening and disposal are not done
working order to allow the use of the toilet crfully, they may lead to problems like
block during the night. fusmell, fly nuisance and health hazards.
12
Manual handling of sludge should be exercised to see that the caretaker does not
avoided. Portable vacuum pumps with charge the users more than the specified
tankers should be used for emptying. Of the amount.
two tanks, one should be emptied at a time . :,~ ~s tha th toltuermisuitrutd e. Complaints & Suggestions : A board should: ~~so that the toilet use remains uniiiterrupted.
'' A portion of the sludge, not less than 25 mm be fixed at a prominent place explainingportionh shofld te sluge,t lessnd thean k 25that complaints or suggestions regarding
in depth, shiould be left behind in the tank oeainadmitnneo h*; n . ~~~~~~~~~operation and maintenance of the ,
.- bottom to act as the seed material for fresh community toilet block can be entered in
- deposits. When removal of the sludge isthe complaint book available with the
carried out, the scum should be disturbed caretaker. In addition to a complaint book,
V* as little as possible in order to ensureefficient operation of the septic tank. a complaint box with lock should also be
- ~~efficient operation of the septic tank.J' installed at the entrance. This should be
d. Sludge Disposal: Septic tank sludge should opened by the supervisor periodically. The
not be spread on the ground in the vicinity complaints should be attended to promptly
of the toilet block or residential area. It and suggestions offered considered
should be disposed of in a running sewer of expeditiously. The address and telephone
at least 400 mm dia, if available. Otherwise, numbers of the operating agency should be
it should be dried in pits which should be displayed to enable a user to contact the
located at a safe distance from any habitation agency regarding any complaint or
to prevent a health hazard. suggestion.
5. General Up-keep Measures: In addition O&M Staff and their Responsibilitiesto the above routine O&M schedules, thefollowing general up-keep measures should be 6. For effective implementation of the
carried out to ensure uninterrupted operation recommended O&M schedules and general up-
and use of the facilities. keep measures, the following categories of O&Mstaff should be appointed.
a. Septic Tank: Wastewater from washing areaand bathrooms should not be allowed to a. Attendant will be responsible for keeping
enter the septic tank. Use of excessive the community toilet clean bycarrying out
quantities of detergents and disinfectants most of the day-to-day activities, listed
should be avoided as they adversely affect above in paras 2 and 3. At least one
the anaerobic decomposition in the septic attendant should be available during the
tank. Under no circumstances, should septic usage hours.
tank effluent be discharged into an open b. Caretaker will be responsible for:
drain or a wate'r body. Effluent should beabsorbed in soak pits. There should not be * overall operation and maintenance and
any overflow from the soak pits. up-keep of the community toilet complex;
b. Vegetation : Trees, plants and shrubs should * regulate the use on a "first come first
be planted in the open area available within served" basis;
the community toilet block and looked after * receipt and issue of cleaning materials
to improve the landscape. and equipment; a
c. Anti-social Elements : The maintenance * carrying out routine repairs and
staff should keep strict vigil against the useof the toilet block for illegal purposes by ranti-social elements. As and when necessary, * collection of user-charges (in case of
police assistance should be sought. monthly pass-holders, making the entry inthe card and signing it whenever the
d. Chargesfrom Users: Strict control should be payment is received);
13
* maintaining the complaint and suggestion NGOs or contractor or local bodies). The aimbook properly; and should be to a; point the minimum number ofI educating the users. staff essential fc r carrying out all the daily and*educating the users.
weekly O&M chedules and general up-keepIf the operation and maintenance, is carried out measures.by the local community, this function is usuallylooked after by a community member. 8. A flexible and pragmatic approach should
be followed in defining the requirements andc. Supervisor will be responsible for monitoring responsibilities of each category of staff. For
the performance of attendants and example, if an e ternal agency is assigned O&Mcaretakers and for keeping a record on responsibility 'or only a small number ofthe status of operation and maintenance community toil ts, then the supervisor may inof each toilet complex, please refer to addition to his her normal duty of supervisionthe check-list given in Annex 10. The be asked to loc k after other functions such assupervisor should plan visits in such a way accounting, rec rd keeping, procurement etc. Inthat he/she inspects the community toilet case of commu ity managed toilets, one of theat different hours of the day. A few visits community mer bers can look after the duties ofshouldc be during the peak hours. A a supervisor. In community toilets where userssupervisor's duties include pay on a monthly basis, a attenclant may also look
after all funct ons of a caretaker exceptinga) ensuring that the toilets are neat and...I collectLion of us r charges. This is to ensure thatclean, all infrastructural facilities are.. .lclean, all infrastructural facilities are the attendant r mains on duty in the toilet block. mavailable and functioning well and users are.. .However, if use charges are collected on a daily -fully satisfied; basis a full-tir e caretaker will be needed. A
b) attending the complaints and suggestions community toil t for about 200 persons which isrecorded in the complaint book/box; not generally u ed in the night, can be operated
and maintained by one attendant only, if usersc) collecting the user service charges pa oi a otll bssfrom the caretakers and depositing them pa o a m bdaily in the bank or at the instructed place 9. As far as p ssible a lady attendant should be(if collection on any day falls short of target appointed for t e female section. However, if foror the operation and maintenance economic reas ons it is not possible to keepexpenditure is high, he/she should enquire separate atten lants for the male and femaleinto it, and sections, the r lale attendant should clean the
female section also cluring a non-use or lean-used) bringing to the notice of the concerned .period. Under suclh situations, female LLsers -Lperson/authority, the difficulties and . su e wiproblems faced in the operation of the cleaned.community toilet blocks.
10. Active p rticipation by the community,If the operation and maintenance is carried out particularly in he case of residential areas, notby the community, this function is usually only ensures p oper operation and maintenance~ performedl by a commnunity member. of the toilet bu also reduces the O&M costs and
O&M Staff Requirements consequently t e user charges. The local boclyshoulc, theref re, encourage community basecl
7. The nLumber of personis needed in each ,,;O&M wherever feasible but technical supportcategory for the operation and maintenance of a from the local ody will still be required to solvecommunity toilet block depends upoII the number
major mainteniFnce problems..,of users, the usage hours, method of user charge m n p .collection, and the institutional arrangements 11. Dependi ng on the factors stated above thefor O&M (by community members or CBOs/ staff requirei- ents should be worked out for
14
Table 4.1: Requirements of Attendants and Caretakers for a Twenty-twoSeat Community Toilet
Duty Hours Attendant Caretaker
Morning shift 5 A.M. - 9 A.M. 2 with split duty hours 1 with split duty hours
Day shift 9 A.M. - 5 P.M. 1 1
Evening shift 5 P.M. - 9 P.M. Same as in morning shift Same as in morning shift
Night shift 9 P.M. - 5 A.M. 1 Nil *
'rotal 4 2
* In a non-reside-ntial area an additional caretakerfor night-shift will be needed. l"r
different institutional options at the project notice, from where and in which container water
preparation stage. should be taken for flushing and anal cleansing. 412. An indicative requirement of attendants 16. Some people may not have the habit of
and caretakers for a twenty-two seat toilet block washing their hands after defecation. They should
(with about 1000 users) in a residential area is be encouraged to wash their hands after anal
given in table 4.1. cleansing by explaining the health benefits from
Stores Requirements doing so. In community toilets only soap or soappowder should be allowed. Ot'ner materials such
13. To ensure continuous availability of spare a a o shas ash or soil may choke the wash basins and l
parts, tools, consumable and equipment, 30 days drains.
requirement should always be kept in the store
attached to every toilet block under the contrc,l 17. Education of children on the use of toilets
of the caretaker. is essential. Women accompanying children
should be advised to train their children.14. The cleaning materials required per
Unaccompanied children should be guided andmonth for a 11-seat toilet block for about 500 U
users pd ag educated by the maintenance staff on duty.users per day are given in Anniex 11. In addition,.
water taps, washers for taps, bulbs, tube 18. Toilet users should be educated to use
lights and fuse wire for electricity, mugs or jars water or soft paper only for anal cleaning. They
for the users and necessary tools for replacing should not be allowecl to use other materials for
washers, water taps and repairing minor leakages anal cleaning as these may cause choking of the l'
should be kept in store at the site. It is also drains and traps.
advisable to keep a spare water pumping unit. To
avoid pilferage and theft, water taps, bulbs, tube 19. To increase the awareness among users,
lights, water containers etc should carry health and hygiene related messages should be
identification marks on them and, at the time of prominently displayed within the community
replenishment, the unserviceable materials toilet complex on display boards. Annex 12 giyes
should be deposited. somne user guidelines for display on boarcls andon the inside of toilet doors.
Creating Awareness Among Users
15. The maintenance staff on duty at the toilet Monitoring by Local Body Ii
block should give all possible assistance and 20. The local body should set up a monitoring
guidance to the users and educate them on the cell to ensure proper operation and maintenanice
proper use of the toilet. This should cover of toilets constructed. The monitoring should
aspects like squatting posture to prevent exereta be used as a management tool to identify
anci urine falling on the floor or sicdes of the problems an( to initiate necessary acministrative
latrine pan or urinal and also how to flush the measures. A mnonitoring format is given in
excreta. It should also be brought to the user's Annex 13.
15
Chapter 5
Institutional ndFinancial
Arrangement
1. The local bodies play a pivotal role in sustainabl in the long run.
! planning, construction, operation and 4. As e plained in Chapter II, the project
W maintenance of community toilets. Appropriate report pr paration requires multi-disciplinary
institutional and financial arrangements are skills suc as technical, social, institutional and
required not only to improve the investment and financial. Such multi-disciplinary skills are
operational efficiencies but also to promote a generally ot available within the local bodies.
sense of ownership among the users and right to Therefore local bodies may consider one of the
demand for an efficient service. This chapter following rrangements:
reviews the current institutional and financial
practices, their merits and demerits and * assi ing the task to a team consisting of
suggestions for improved practices. a mu icipal engineer and a social scientist,who could be engaged as a short term
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS cons ltant from a local NGO or university.
Project, Report Preparation * assi ning the task to an external agency
2. In most cases, the local body, without (NG , CBO or consultant) with the requisite
consulting the community, selects the site, mul i-disciplinary skills.
decides on the type of facilities to be provided. .. ~~~Constr cto
and prepares engineering designs. In a fewcases, local bodies engage a consultant or NGO 5. In OSt cases, local bodies award the
to prepare the project report. In general, detailed contract or construction to either a contractor
project reports as described in chapter II are or an N 0. In a few cases, contracts are given
rarely prepared. directly t the community through their existing
commun ty structures, wherever they have been3. The project reports prepared by local bodies able to mobilize capital cost sharing. The
often follow a supply or target-driven engineering enginee ing division of the local body or state
approach and do not normally reflect users' a lag ncle Ilike the Public Health Engineeringpreferences and willingness to participate or pay Depart ent or State Water Supply and Sewerage
for capital or operation and maintenance costs. Board e r State Urban Development Agency
Non-involvement of users in project preparation assurme he responsibility to supervise the quality
discourages a sense of ownership among users of const uction, depending on the scheme under
and results in dissatisfaction and sub-optimal use which he particular community toilet is
of facilities. On the other hand, some of the c ted., ~~~~~~construr ted .
projects prepared by CBOs or NGOs orconsultants based on users' preferences and 6. Lac of adequate supervision, resulting in
willingness to participate, have proved to be poor qu lity of construction, is a common issue.
16
rSplit responsibility, construction by one agency contract between the local body and constructionand O&M by another, is sometimes another agency should be prepared. A typical format forreason for poor quality of construction. In such the MOU is given in. Annex 14. Necessarycases, the O&M agency does not take the changes may be made in the MOU depending onresponsibility for routine civil mnaintenance and the scope of work and field conditions.repairs and awaits interventions by local bodies,which often do not come in time. The resultant Operation and Maintenancepoor maintenance causes user dissatisfaction 9. Sanitation is considered as one of the basicand non-use of facilities. On the contrary, services to be provided by local bodies, fre'e ofconstruction by CBOs ancl NGOs with the active cost. Consequently, community toilets in mostinvolvement of the community offers advantages cities were traditionally built, operated and ,such as: maintained by the respective local bodies.,; *+ users have an increased sense of ownership However, due to inadequate financial and human
and consequently the quality of construction resources, and inappropriate institutionalI improves; incentives, most of the community toilets are
very poorly maintained and in some cases; + reduced capital costs due to low overheads abandoned by users within a few years ofand no profit margin; and construction. To overcome these limitations,4 * improved capacity within the community several local bodies have started assigning the
; resulting in better maintenance. O&.M responsibilities to either an external agency-. (contractor or NGO) or directly to the7. Local bodies should evaluate alternative communities (CBOs). These agencies operateconstruction arrangements and choose the most the toilets on a 'pay-and-use' basis, as per theappropriate option that will ensure good quality conditions defined in a Memorandum ofof construction and proper use of the facilities Understanding (MOU) between them and theconstructed. Three possible arrangements are local body. The following paragraphs discuss thediscussed below: merits and demerits of these institutional options.
* Construction by a CBO or NGO, for reasons The main guiding factor for selecting a particularstated aboye, should be given prresnce. option should be the users' willingness to pay forHowever, these voluntary bodies may not and participate in O&M.have adequate technical skills and local 10. O&M by municipality: As statedbodies should provide the required technical above, the municipality operated toilets are veryguidance. poorly maintained and abandoned within a
* The second alternative is construction by few years of construction. The main reasons foran external agency or contractor who is also this are:willing to enter in to a long term O&M * Normally local bodies do not recruit orcontract, for a minimum period of ten years. assign exclusive staff for operation and
* If the above options are not feasible, the maintenance of community toilets.constructionl work alone may be awarded to Municipal scavengers, in addition to theira contractor or an NGO. To ensure quality regular street sweeping job, are generallyof construction, local bodies should involve assigned the responsibility to clean thethe agency selected for O&M in supervising community toilets. Similarly, the respectivethe construction. ward sanitary inspectors are responsible to
supervise the scavenger's job. Consequently,8. Irrespective of the option chosen, the local very little attention is paid to the up-keep ofbodies should closely supervise the quality of community toilets. Also as scavengers haveconstruction. A clear and unambiguous strong unions, any disciplinary action maymemorandum of understanding (MOU) or entail legal battles or strikes, leading to a
17
virtual breakdown of the town's conservancy one year dr so, the contractor has no
system. incentive tp render good and effectiveservices ano also to undertake repairs and f
* Mostly, these toilets are operated as 'No- sricesancl alk
Pay & Use' type and the cash strapped local maitenance; andbodies find it difficult to provide sufficient b. In the absence of strict supervision and
' funds for O&M. monitoring (by local bodies, the contractoris normally under no pressure to perform
* Inadequate staffing for maintenance and.. .. ~~~~~~~~~as per the l.rms and conditions stipulated isupervision, lack of accountability for ap the M em an c
performance and lack of a sense of i
i ., ownership among users are some of the 14. Some gui elines for local bodies in using
other factors contributing to poor upkeep. external agencie s for O&M are given below:
11. Inviewoftheabovereasons,itissuggested * Preference should be given to a reputable
that local bodies should operate toilets on a 'pay- local NGO In most cases they would be
and use' basis by collecting user charges to concerned about the loss of credibility
cover full O&M costs and assign adequate staff, resulting from failure to meet their
consumables, tools and equipment, etc. contractual obligations.
12. O&M by external agencies (contractors * For ensuring compliance with contract
or NGOs): Several local bodies have entrusted conditions by a private contractor or NGO,
the operation and maintenance, on a 'pay-and- local bod es should carry out regular
use' basis, to private contractors and NGOs. A supervisio l and monitoring. A format for
MOU between the agency and the local body, Monitoring by Local Bodies is given in
defines the terms and conditions of this contract. Annex 13.
Typically the local bodies are responsible for .U. . * ~~~~~~~~~~~Users cha rges should be fixed such that'
major civil repairs and maintenance, and theexternal agencies are responsible for day-to-day they fully cover O&M costs and leave a
operation and maintenance. In some cases instead bodie s doft loo uoa community. . . ~~~~~~~~~bodies shs uld not look upon a community
of carrying out repairs, local bodies pay the tagency an agreed fixed amount per toilet seat per. facilit a low come comunty.
year as an annual maintenance fee. In a few f
cases, local bodies treat the 'pay-and-use' toilets 15. O&M b Community: In some cases,
as a profit making proposition and charge the particularly in slums. where the Government of
agencies an annual fee. India's Urban Basic Services Programme (UBSP)
13. Following are some of the merits and is effective, thl users themselves operate and
13. Following are some of the merits and maintain the .ilets, on a 'pay-and-use' basis.. demerits in assigning the O&M role to an through their xisting community organizationsexternal agency: (CBOs). This third alternative arrangement has
Merits: several advant, ges:
a. the local body is relieved of managerial and a. users hate a real sense of ownership as
financial responsibilities; and they are lholly responsible for O&M;
b. users are likely to develop a sense of b. users ha e total control on the level of
ownership, as they pay for O&M services, service,and demand better services as a matter of: right. c. O&M co ts are kept to the minimum as
Demer;'ts: some of unctions are looked after by the;8 Demerits: communi members on a voluntary basis;
a. When the contract is for a short period, say and
18
d. local bodies are relieved of the financial and O&M. Therefore, there is a need to review
managerial burden. current financial arrangements, particularly the
potential for capital and O&M cost sharing by* 16. NGOs can often serve as an effective the users.
intermediary between the local body and thecommunity in mobilizing the local community Capital Costs$p' and preparing them to render an effective role. 19. The capital costs are invariably met fully
There are instances of community toilets beingwholly maintained by the local communities
themselves with minimal financial and technical and/or grants from state and centralgovernments. In some cases industries and
support from the local body. A case in Kanpur is* described in Annex 15. philanthropists have contributed toward the
d escribed In Annex 1D. capital costs. As part of some special schemes
Training such as UBSP (Ministry of Urban Affairs and
17. To improve investment and operational Employment, GOI) and promotion of night-soil- 17. To Improve investment and operational.'
efficiencies, all relevant municipal staff based biogas plants (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources, GOI) local bodies
(engineers, sanitary inspector and supervisors) ar eot t r 1 1 n 1 1 s 1 ~~~~~~~are eligible for subsidies not only for construction
*and staff responsilDe for u&M should be givenand staff responsible for Q&M should be given of toilets, but also in the case of biogas digesterproper training In the following aspects:,
for long term operation and maintenance. The
* Role of community toilets in improving local bodies can also obtain long term loans from
environmental sanitation conditions and the Housing and Urban Development Corporation
details of the program under (HUDCO), a Government of India Undertaking;
implementation; upto 50% of the capital cost. There are a few
cases, as discussed in Annex 15, where;. * Relevance and importance of involving the commuitis alscosedin A sml pren e
* communiy in proect prepaation as communities also contribute a small percentagecommunity in project preparation as of capital costs.discussed in chapter II;
* Merits and demerits of alternative 20. The guiding principles for capital cost; * ~Merits and demerits of alternative
sharing should not only be to mobilize additional-- l~~nstitutional and financial arrangements;
intt a afinancial resources but also to promote a sense
* * Need and importance of proper up-keep of of ownership among the users. Therefore, capital
the toilet blocks; cost sharing by the community should be
I, .&M staff (supervisors, caretakers and encouraged to the extent that they value theirt; * 08&M staff (supervisors, caretakers and
attendants) should be trained in O&M contributions. Local bodies should learn from
requirements and some of the routine the experience of cities like Bombay, Ahmedabadrequirements and some of the routine etc, and explore opportunities to mobilizerepairs related to water supply andelectricity; and additional resources through sponsorship from
industries, trade and philanthropists.
* Health educators should be briefed aboutl . . . ~~~~~~~~21. The estimated cost of the proqect
the project and how the health and sanitation i thshould be worked out on the basis of the
: education programme can be carried out.r ~~~~~~~~~~~~Schedule of RaLes followed by the local
FINANCIAL ARRANGEMwlENTS authorities to avoid cost over-run. The rates ofitems which are not specified in the Schedule of
18. As stated at the beginning of this chapter, Rates should be obtained from the market. The
* the local bodies because of their supply or target- Schedule of Rates does not reflect the field
driven approach and perennial financial reality, the market rates must be taken in to
constraints, are not able to construct adequate account for working out the estimated cost.
numbers of community toilets and cannot sustain Since a community toilet block can be constructed
the investments by providing sufficient funds for in 6-9 months, there is no need to make a
19
t.lS
charges should be fixed by the local bodies in For example, experience shows that communityconsultation with the community and the agency toilets near r ilway stations, tourist centers,responsible for O&M. A family desirous of bus/truck/taxi/cycle rickshaw stands and busypaying monthly charges may be issued a monthly markets, can generate an income over and abovepass as per the proforma given in Annex 22. the O&M cost$. The income from community
toilets in residqntial low income settlements can27. Toilets in non-residential areas: Collection b
. ~~be lower than the O&M costs. Hence, O&M of user charges per use per person is mostpopular in places like railway stations, bus! costs of a toile which is not self-supporting can
popular in places like railway stations, bus/... ...
truck/taxi stands, tourist centers, market places be cross-subsi ized by toilets i commercialareas, if a single agency is assigned the
etc, where people are willing to pay highercharges. Some of the typical user charges responsibility o maintain a group of toilets.
.. - :charges. Some of the typical user charges
prevalent in different places are: Rs. 1 per person. . . ~~~~~~~~~~Need for Le gislation for Imposing User;
per use of toilet; additional Rs. 1 per use ofbathing (where special bath rooms have been Chargebuilt in some tourist places Rs. 3 per use is 29. In some States, community toilets cannot
charged) and facilities for washing clothes; and be operated o a 'pay-and-use' system becauseRs. 0.5 per use of urinal. These charges should local body is r quested by the Municipal Act to
be reviewed periodically to cover the full O&M provide sanitat on services free of charge. Wherecosts, including civil repairs. such a provisic n exists the Municipal Act or bye-
!i laws should be modified to enable the local
't W Cross-Subsidy bodies to levy a service charge for the use of a
28. Income from user charges of a community community toilet.toilet depends on its location and type of users.
I.I i
21
I
23~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ll
List of Annex~s
1. A Format for Survey of General Households & P vement Dwellers.
2. A Format for Survey of Residents' Preferences.
3. A Format for Assessing the Number of Other Categories of Users and Need forA Community Toilet
4. An Interview Schedule for Other Categories of Users.
5. A Check List of Information to be Collected 1rom the Government/LocalAuthority/NGOs etc.
6. Suggested Contents of A Project Document
7. The Design of a Model Septic Tank
8. Design of the Soakage Pits
'I ~~~~9. Check Points for Supervising the Construction
10. Check Points for the Supervisor Looking After 0peration & Maintenance of the
Community Toilet Block
11. Monthly, Requirements of Cleaning Materials for a 1 1-Seat Community Toilet
12. Guidelines for the Users of the Community Toilct
13. Check List for Monitoring by the Local Body
14. A Typical Agreement between the Local Body anc Construction/O&M Agency.
15. People's Participation in Improving Sanitation - Case of Kanpur Slums
16. A Typical Bill of Quantities for a 11-Seat COMML nity Toilet Block
17. A Typical Bill of Quantities for a Covered Brick Drain (10 Meters Length)
18. A Typical Bill of Quantities for a Septic Tank
19. A Typical Bill of Quantities for a Soakage Pit
20. A Typical Bill of Quantities for a Chamber
21. A format for Assessing Annual O&M Costs
*22. A Format of a Monthly Pass
24
Annex I
A FORMAT FOR SURVEY OFGENERAL HOUSEHOLDS AND PAVEMENT DWELLERS
(Target Group: All households and pavement dwellers)
(1) Name of the interviewee .,,
(2) Address
(3) Household latrine:
Available C Not available D(4) If household latrine is not available, the reasons:
Lack of Space Cannot Afford Any other (Please specify)
(5) Place used for defecation_
(6) Need for Community toilet
Yes No
(7) Number of persons in the household
Male
Female
Children
(8) Monthly Household Expenditure
Upto Rs.1250/- D Above Rs. 1250/- D
(9) Remarks (If any)
V
Note: / appropriate boxes.
25
Annex 2
A FORMAT FOR THE SURVEY OFRESIDENTS' PREFERE CES
(Target Group: Only 25% of the households an pavement dwellers
% ~ ~~~1. Name of the interviewtue __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. House No. & Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. No. of persons in the household
MaleD Female 1 Children below 0 Yrs. D
I
4. No. of household members likely to use the facilities.
Male Female Children
Toilet
Urinal
Bath
Washing Area
5. If the houIsehold does not want to use the facility, rea on(s).
6. Whether willing to pay for the use of the facility
Yes No
7. If 'YES", preferred periodicity and amount of payme t
Mvonthily for all membersof the famiily Rs. 10- 15 Rs. 16-20 Rs213
Per person use of toilet facilities 25 Paise 50 Paise 10Pas
Per person ulse of bathroom andwashing facilities 5 as 0 as
26
8. Willing to share capital costs ? YES/NO
9. If YES, how much per family ?
10. Preferred location of community toilet (Identify the location):
11. Preferred time (hours) of use:
Toilet Bath Washing area
Males
Females
Children
12. Any belief that members of the household will not like to sit for defecation facing, aparticular direction; and any other likes and dislikes.
13. Material used for anal cleansing after defecation
Water
Soft paper
Any Other (Please specify)
,,, l~~~~~~~~~~~~E, 8~~~1. IfWivein,g olyulk to usecpia soaps to washN yorhad
No
Note: / appropriate boxes.
27
Annex 3
A FORMAT FOR ASSESSING TH NUMBER OF
OTHER CATEGORIES OF USERS ND NEED FOR
A COMMUNITY TOILET CAILITY
1. Discussions with Railway/Hospital/Bus Terminus autho ities and Trade Association tofind out the number of people visiting the area (floatir g population) and the type offacilities that would be useful. (Consult appropriate authorities depending on theproposed location.)
2. Pattern of arrival/departure of floating population
Peak hour
No. of visitors during the peak hour _
Arrival/Departure during night
YesC No C
l 3. Assess the number of users like rickshaw pullers, h nd-cart pullers, auto-rickshawdrivers, taxi drivers, petty sihop keepers etc.
4. At present, any facility available for sanitation near the proposed site?
Yes C No [2
5. If YES, are they adequate?
Yes D No F2
(Give also a brief description of the facilities)
6. Remarks
Note: V appropriate boxes.
28
Annex 4
AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOROTHER CATEGORIES OF USERS
(5% of the users to be covered)
1. Name of the Interviewee
2. Profession __
3. Purpose of visit _
Business C Social ] Hospital g Religious D
Any other (Please specify)
4. Do you think sanitation facility near this public utility is necessary?If essential or desirable, what facilities are required the most:
Essential Desirable Not Reqd.
Toilet
Urinal
Bathing
Washing
5. Would you pay for the use of the facility?
Yes C NoD
6. If yes, preferred amount of payment per use:
25 Paise| 50 Paise 100 Paise
Toilet
Bathroom & Washing
Urinal
29
II. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Annex 5'IT
A CHECKLIST OF INFORMA:ION TO BECOLLECTED FROM THE GOVERNMENT/LOCAL
AUTHORITY/NGOs etc.
1. Site for locating the community toilet block (selection to be done in consultation with thelocal authority and the community).
2. Number of pavement dwellers, rickshaw/hand cart pul ers, taxi drivers or any othersimilar categories of people, likely to use the communit toilet.
3. i) If the proposed site is to be filled up, up to what del th? (site topography map to beprepared, if necessary).
ii) Type of soil strata (soil characteristics) up to 3 m below the ground level
iii) Whether the site subjected to water logging or flo ding?
iv) Ground water level in different seasons of the yea ^
4. (i) If water supply at the community toilet block can be obtained from the municipalmain, whether it is possible to meet the requirem ent fully and water pressure isadequate or pumping will have to be carried out?
(ii) If water supply cannot be obtained from the mui icipal system, what alternative
arrangements can be made?
5. Whether electricity is available for lighting the toilet bl ck?
6. (i) If sewer exists, is it feasible to connect the comminity toilet to it?
(ii) If the toilet block cannoat be connected to the sewer, hat arrangements can be madefor disposal of the sewage and the wastewater?
(iii) Whether sufficient land area is available, either at the proposed site of the toilet blockor near by, for locating a wastewater disposal syst mr?
7. Whether the local authority itself would like to operate and mainitain the toilet block or
lI!
would it like to hand the facility over to a non-government organizationl (NGO) orcommunity or any other agency? (Study how the existing community toilets are beingoperated and maintained).
8. If the State governmnent has issued any directions to the local authorities recognizing theNGOs or agencies for construction and operation and m intenance of community toilets,list the organisations/agencies. Collect the copies of government directions.
9. (i) If the NGOs or other agencies are available for construction and operation andmaintenan-ce of the community toilet block list ther . Also collect information abouttheir credentials incluiding experience and the infrastructure available with them.
(ii) If the local community is willing to operate and miai tain the community toilet block,study their capabi lity.
10. (i) Collect the currenit Public Works Department's S hedule of Rates or similar otherSOurces which are being followed by the local aut ority in preparing the estimatesof civil/sanitary works.
30
(ii) Collect the rates of skilled and non-skilled labour charges and the materials neededfor construction of the proposed toilet block.
11. (i) Whether the local authority would meet the capital cost from its own resources? Ifit would not, list the agencies which might finance the project.
(ii) Ascertain the proportion of subsidy and loan with terms and conditions from theagency which might finance the project.
12. (i) Whether it is feasible to operate the community toilet on a 'Pay & Use' basis?
(ii) If the entire operation and maintenance costs cannot be met from user-charges,enquire from the agencies being considered for operation and maintenance,whether they would be able to operate and maintain it by cross - subsidizing?
(iii) If it can not be maintained by cross-subsidizing, ascertain whether the localauthority is willing to meet the short-fall.
13. If the local authority desires to operate the toilet on a 'No-Pay & Use' basis, enquirewhether it is willing to meet the operation and maintenance cost also from its own budget.
14. Whether the low cost sanitation programme to provide toilets in individual houses is goingon or is likely to be taken up in the near future?
For community toilets near railway station, bus terminal, hospital, etc.
15. Is the public utility ready to provide land and/or bear/share capital costs for theconstruction of community toilet?
Yes No
Provide Land? _ _
Bear the entire capital cost? l,
Ready to share capital costs? W WI ,I
If yes, indicate % of costs ___ _ _ _ _ _ _
16. Is the public utility ready to levy a user service charge for the use of.the facility on aper use basis to meet the operation & maintenance costs ?
Yes 'I
No El
17. Any additional information
31
.1,
Annex 6
SUGGESTED CONTENTS OF APROJECT DOCUMENT
O Background
0 Field Data & Situation Analysis
O Design & Construction details (including Designs, Dra wings & Bill of Quantities).
O Time Schedule for Construction
i! O Organisational Arrangements for Construction and Operation & Maintenance(Recommendations on who would be. responsible fo construction & who will beresponsible for operation & maintenance).
O Operation & Maintenance (Maintenance Schedule, St Lff Requirements, ConsumablesRequired).
0 Finances (Capital & Recurring Costs, Financing Me hanism, Cost Recovery, Cross-
! subsidy, Recommendations on Financial Involvement o Users in Capital and Operation
'I & Maintenance costs).
0 Suggestions for & Changes in Municipal Bye-laws to Improve Sustainability
.I .iANNEX - I Survey Information which forms the Basis f r the Project Report (in tabularform).
ANNEX - II Topography Map of the Site
ANNEX- III Town Map Showing Locations of the Existin & Proposed Community Toilets& the Area to be Served.
ANNEX- IV Working Drawings of the Proposed Commu ity Toilet & Related Structures.
ANNEX - V Bills of Quantities for all Toilet, Septic T nk/Soakage Pit & Allied Civil,Mechanical & Electrical Works.
32
Annex 7
THE DESIGN OF AMODEL SEPTIC TANK
The septic tank should be designed as per the criteria laid down in the Manual on Sanitationby CPHEEO, Government of India. These design criteria are
(i) Considering the volume required for sludge and scum accumulation, the septic tankshould have 1 - 2 days of wastewater retention.
(ii) The accumulated sludge and scum should occupy only half or maximum two-thirds of thetank capacity at the end of the design storage period.
(iii) For users over 100, two septic tanks, each designed for half, of the total calculated capacityshould be constructed in tandem. This arrangement permits the flow to be passedthrough one unit, while the other is being de-sludged.
Example
The community toilet has 11 toilet seats, with one seat for children, and 3 urinals. The numberof users is 550. Two septic tanks, each for 275 users are to be designed.
Wastewater including urine and water used for anal cleansing, flushing and latrine floorwashing entering the septic tank is assumed as 8 liters per user.
Total wastewater entering the septic tank = 8 x 275 liters per day= 2200 liters per day
Capacity, of the septic tank assuming 2 days = 2 x 2200 literswastewater retention period = 4400 liters or 4.4 m3
Volume of the sludge storage (assuming sludgecleaning interval as one year and sludge = 0.00021 x 275 x 365 m3
accumulation rate as 0.00021 m3 per capita per day) = 21.08 m3
Volume of the scum (taking the depth of scum = 10 x 3 x 0.225 m3
as 225 mm and size of the septic tank as 10 M x 3 M) = 6.75 m3
Total volume of the sludge and the scum = (21.08+6.75) m L = 27.83 m3
or, say, 28 m3
Capacity of the septic tank (Assumingaccumulation of the sludge and scum 28 x 3/2 m3
as two-thirds of the total septic tank capacity) = 42 m3
Taking the depth of the septic tank below its top liquid level as 1.4m, size of the tank worksout to be 10mx3m. After providing free board of 30 cm, total depth of the septic tank shouldbe 1.7 m.
33
Annex 8
DESIGN OF SOAKAGE PITS
[Based on Indian Standard - Code of Practice for Installati( n of Septic Tanks;Part 2: Secondary Treatment & Disposal of Septic Tank E fluent - IS 2470(Part 2) - 1985.]
Discharge from a community toilet = 550 x 8for 550 users @ 8 liters/user =4400 liters
Taking the rate of effluent application andpercolation rate of the soil where soakagepits are to be located as 521/m 2 /day = 4400 . 52
and 15 minutes, surface area = 84.62 ml(effective side wall area) required(effective depth being measured from 150 mmbelow 3300mm invert level of inlet pipeto bottom of the pit)
Taking the internal diameter of the pit,I,~ as 2.5 m, depth as 2.2m, lining thickness
as 225 mm and thickness of coarse aggregate = 7T x 3.10 x 2.2filling all-round the lining as 75mm, = 21.43 m-effective surface area of the pits
The number of soakage pits needed comes to 4. 84.62ml - 21.43ml=4
.1 ~~~~~~~If the inlet pipe to soakage pit is 40 cm below ground level, total depth of t.he pitcomes to 2.2+0.40± 0.15 =2.75m below the ground.
34
Annex 9
CHECKPOINTS FOR SUPERVISING-: THE CONSTRUCTION
1) Water supply, sanitary and electricity fixtures and other materials used are of the qualityspecified in the design or of relevant standard specifications.
2) Prescribed specifications and drawings have been adhered to. The work is neat andworkmanship is good.
3) If the work is done departmentally or through labour contract, quantities of variousmaterials used are as per the specified requirements.
4) Cement has been used in specified proportion in the concrete, brick work and plaster.
5) RCC work has been provided with specified reinforcements. Pinning has to be carriedout in such a manner that there are no voids.
6) Mosaic flooring and the dado have been laid as per the specifications, rubbed and polishedwell to granolithic finish.
7) Flooring has a slight slope towards the squatting pan in the case of latrine cubicle. In! - the case of other areas the slope should be towards the drainage points.
8) Curing of all cement works has been done as per the specifications.
9) Spintles for hanging the doors have been fixed firmly and the doors have been providedwith bolting arrangement, inside and outside.
10) Tube well has been bored upto the-required depth.
11) Water reservoirs are water tight.
12) There is no leakage in the water pipe lines and drainage pipes.
13) i) Squatting pans and traps installed are of designs specified for a pour flush toilet andthese have been fixed properly so as to provide 20 mm water-seal.
ii) In case the community toilet block is connected to the city sewer, check if the mastertrap has been provided before the connection of the sewer.
14) Foot-rests have been fixed at the proper place and at an angle to make them slightly awayfrom the squatting pan in the front.
15) Invert of the outlet pipe in the septic tank is 50 mm below the invert of the inlet pipe.
16) Ventilating pipes of at least 100 mm diameter have been provided in each septic tank.
17) For commissioning, the septic tank has been filled with water upto outlet level and seededwith a small quantity of sludge from some other septic tank in operation or digested cowdung.
35
18) If the community toilet block has been provided with septic tanks, only the toilets and
urinals are connected to the tank. Other wastewater is dispo ed of separately.
19) Proper gradient has been provided in sewers and the drains. Inside surface of the drains
has been made smooth.
20) Manholes and drains for carrying sewage are well covered to prevent emission of foul
odour.
21) Adequate electric light points have been provided inside and outside the community toilet.
22) All surplus materials have been removed and the site cleare¶1 and dressed.
36
Annex I 0
CHECK POINTS FOR THE SUPERVISOR
LOOKING AFTER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
THE COMMUNITY TOILET BLOCK
Name of Community Toilet Block _
Name of the Supervisor
Date of visit
Time of visit
Daily Check Points Yes No
Is everyone on duty at the time of the visit?
Have the instructions given earlier been complied with?
Have the deficiencies noticed in the earliest visit been removed?
Are the latrine seats, urinals, wash hand basins, tiles, mosaic dado,
floors, etc. clean?
Are they not becoming yellow or getting coated?
Have all the doors proper bolting arrangement?
Do the building and doors/windows etc. need any repairs?
Is there adequate quantity of water available during all the 24 hours?
Does the pumping plant functioning properly?
Is there any leakage of water or seepage at any place? L v
Is there any chokage or obstruction in the flow of excreta or
waste water? L C
Are the septic tanks or soakage pits were over flowing? C LAre all light points in working order?
Do the electric wiring, boards, switches, etc. need any repairs? L C
Have soap powder and cleaning materials available at the
community toilet block? C C
Has soap powder being given to users for washing their hands? L L37
Daily Check Points Yes No
Is the community toilet block clean (both inside and outside) m
liii Are there any cob-webs in the community toilet block?
Are there any scribbling on the walls, doors, etc.?
Is there any foul smell at any place?
- Has the plantation done in the premises of the community
I', toilet block being looked after well?
Has the box with locking arrangement for collecting the use
charges been available and placed at the appropriate place?
Is the daily income from user-charges was as per target?
If not, give reasons for shortfall?
Have the complaint and suggestion book and complaint box been
available at the community toilet block?
.Il Have the complaints and suggestions recorded in them been
attended to?
.
:1''
Monthly Check Points
1. Does the community toilet block need white/colour w shing
and painting?
2a. Have the sign boards and boards displaying use-
instructions been fixed at the appropriate places roperly?
2b. Do they need re-painting
38
38
Annex II
MONTHLY REQUIREMENTS OFCLEANING MATERIALS FOR AI I -SEAT COMMUNITY TOILET
Description Quantity
1. Bleaching powder 10 kg
2. Vim or any other cleaning material 10 kg
3. Phenol or any other disinfectant liquid 4 liters
4. Naphthalene balls 8 kg
5. Floor wipers 2 nos.
6. Tools to remove chokage 1 set'
7. Brushes 4 nos.@
8. Brooms 4 Nos.
9. Buckets 2 nos.@
10. Dusters 6 Nos.
11. Gum boots 1 pair*
12. Hand gloves 1 pair*
13. Hydrochloric acid (diluted) 1 liter
14. Soap powder to wash hands 25 kg.
+ One set of tools would last about 3 months* Gum boots and hand gloves should be supplied to each attendant. These would last 3 - 4 months.@ (ushes and buckets are generally replaced after about 2 months.
*319'
.. !~~~~~~~~~~~~~3
Annex 12
GUIDELINES FOR USERS OFTHE COMMUNITY TOILET
1. Stand in queue if other users are waiting
2. Ask the attendant to clean the toilet before use, if it is not clean.
3. Sit in such a position for defecation, that the human was te falls, as far as possible insidethe squatting pan and does not foul the sides.
4. Fill the mug provided in the latrine with water for ablution and flushing
5. Before use, pour a little quantity of water to wet the paxi so that excreta slide smoothlyinto the pit.
6. Use water or toilet paper for anal cleansing. Do not us e any other material like stone,mud, thick paper, grass etc. for anal cleansing.
7. Pour water from the mug to flush the excreta after use.
8. Wash hands, using soap after defecation at the assigned place.
9. Do not throw lighted cigarette butts in the pan.
10. Take bath quickly, if others are waiting.
11. Do not wash clothes in the bathroom. Use the washin g area.
12. Do not make any scribbling on the walls or doors of l trine.
13. If you have any complaints or suggestions, enter them ir the complaint register availablewith the caretaker or drop themi in the complaint box.
40
Annex 13
A CHECK LIST FOR MONITORING OFO&M BY THE LOCAL BODY
1. Is the toilet block being operated and maintained well? Have water and electricity beenavailable?
2. Are users satisfied with the service?
3. (i) Are all the intended users availing the facility? If they are not, which section of thecommunity is not using and why?
(ii) Do health and sanitation education programs need to be stepped up to motivate thosewho are not using the facility?
(iii) If 'per person per use' payment system is a deterrent, are the users willing to payon a monthly basis for the facility?
(iv) Any suggestions for use of the facility by all the targeted users?
4. If the toilet block is not functioning due to any reason like chokage of sewer, non-availability of water supply etc., have the deficiencies been removed expeditiously?
5. (i) Is round the clock attenda'ht service (where applicable) ensured?(ii) Is the staff posted adequate?
6. Has the complaint book been available at the toilet block? Are there any complaints aboutthe operation and maintenance of the toilet block and whether these are being attendedto quickly ?
7. Are there any problems or constraints? Are there any suggestions to resolve them orfor improving the functioning of community toilet block?
41
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Annex 14
ATYPICAL AGREEM NBETWEEN THE LOCAL B D AND
CONSTRUCTIONIO&M A ENCY
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDIN BETWEEN(Name of Municipality or Util ty)
AND(Name of ConstructionlO&M A ency)
This agreement made on this . day of (month and which are to e considered as part and parcel of this
year) between (Name and designation of person MOU.
authorized to sign on behalf of the local body or utilityorganization and name and address of the WC. Urinial Bathroom Washing
organization), (hereinafter called the First Party) of Platform
the one part and (name and address of the contractor),(hereinafter called the second party) of the other Gents - _ _
part. The terms, the 'FIRST PARTY' and the Ladies -'SECOND PARTY' wherever used or occurring inthese presents shall always, unless expressly or by Children - x x x
necessary implication excluded by or contrary to thesubject and context, mean and include their respective (Fill in the n imber offacilities to be provided in spaces
successors and assignees. (-) in the tab e above)
WHEREAS the First Party has decided to get a 2) At the ite of the toilet complex, the Second
Community Toilet Complex constructed in (location Party shall also construct a Caretaker Room ofof toilet and name of the town) to provide facility to appropriate size required for the operation and
the pubic, and has approached the Second Party to maintenanc of the toilet complex.
construct, operate and maintain them. 3) The Fir t Party has provided to the Second Party
WHEREAS the Second Party at the instance of the the detailed site plans where the toilet complex is1 ~~WHEREAS the Second Party at the instance of the rqie o ecntutd
First Party has agreed to undertake the construction,operation and maintenance of the aforesaid community 4) The Se ond Party, after receipt of the site planstoilet complex. has prepar d the detailed drawings of the toilet
complex an got them approved by the First Party.. - WHEREAS the parties hereto are desirous and
have found it necessary and expedient to record 5) After t e drawings have been approved, thethe terms and conditions in respect of the aforesaid Second Par prepared the estimates to determinework into an agreement and the First party the cost, an these estimates and specifications werehas obtained the necessary approval of the submitted o the First Party which has given itscompetent authority as required by law/rules for the approval. he approved drawings, estimates andpurposes. specificatio S are deemed to be the part of this
t. agreement.Now, these presents witness and it is hereby andbetween the Parties hereto as follows:- 6) The af resaid cost estimates have been based on
the curren PWD or Municipal Schedule of Rates
1) The Second Party shall construct a public toilet applicable i (name of town/city) and items not
complex comprising of water flush toilet with urinal, included in the Schedule of Rates have been analyzed
bathing and washing facilities at (location of toilet) as stated b elow in this para. Current Schedule of
' 1 for the First Party as per detailed plans and estimates Rates mea s the Schedule of Rates applicable on the
42
date of submission of the estimates by the second In the event of failing to complete the work within theparty to first party for the construction of the stipulated period, the Second Party shall be liable tocomplex. For items for which no rates exist in the pay as compensation an amount equal to one percentaforesaid PWD or Municipal Schedule of Rates, the of the estimated cost of the whole work for everyrates will either be derived from market rates of week of delay provided always that the entire amountlabour and materials. of compensation to be paid under the provisions of
this clause shall not exceed ten percent of the7) The work will be executed as per the plans and estimated cost of the whole work.estimates prepared by Second Party and approved bythe First Party. The payment shall be made as per 12) It is hereby agreed that any change in thethe current schedule of rates and rates sanctioned by design and specifications of toilet complex for whichthe First Party. No increase in rates will be given and drawings, specifications estimates have been approvedSecond Party agrees to carry out the work at these by the First Party can be made with the mutualrates. consent of both the parties. If any extra work or
works is or are to be done at toilet complex the same8) The Second party shall be entitled to get a shall be carried out by the Second Party as desiredpayment of 20% of the estimated cost as by the First Party. The payment due to change inimplementation and management charges including design and specifications and for extra work or worksfee for the architect and also fee for the preparation will be made by the First Party to the Second Partyof detailed estinmates and drawings, and to meet at the current PWD or Municipal Schedules of Ratespromotion, education, publicity, implementation and market rates of labor and materials as describedand establishment costs and other overhead in para (6) and (7) above. The Second party shall alsoexpenses. The total estimated cost of the toilet be entitled to get payment of (indicate percentage) ofcomplex has been fixed as per para (6) & (7) above the cost as implementation charges as mentioned inand implementation charges as Rs ............ (cost para (8) above.in words also). The 20% implementation charges willbe also payable to the Second Party on costs/ 13) The land where the toilet complex is to beenhanced cost of additional or extra works. The first constructed will be handed over to the Second Partyparty shall make an advance payment of 20% to the by the First Party free of all disputes. In case anysecond party as a mobilization advance which shall dispute regarding its title, ownership arise, the Firstbe adjusted while making the payment against the Party will be fully responsible for it. Dismantling ofrunning bills. existing structure if any and shifting of underground
cables, pipe lines, sewers, etc. if obstructing the9) The First Party shall have the right to change the construction of the complex will be the responsibilitysite, number of latrines seats and urinals, bathrooms of the First Party.and washing platforms in the toilet complex. However, Ithe First Party shall pay to the Second Party to cover 14) The First Party shall pay 20% of the totalfully all the extra expenses with 20% implementation estimated cost of the project as advance after signingand management charges as described in para 8 the Memorandum of Understanding. The balance toabove incurred by the Second Party due to changes be paid stage wise is as follows:made by the First Party.
10) The Second Party shall arrange all materials 15) MODE OF PAYMENT:including cement and M.S. rods/bars to construct First Party agrees for paying the running bills as percommunity toilet complex as per approved estimates following stages:- 2and drawings to the satisfaction of the First Party.
Running payments shall be made based on stage-wise11) After approval of the drawings and estimates (four stages to be identified clearly) progress of the(as per 7 above), receipt of the first advance as work within 15 days from the date of receipt of thementioned in para (8) above and handing over running bills and twenty percent advance shall beundisputed site where the complex is to be built, the recovered from the four running bills on a pro-rataSecond Party shall take up the construction and basis. Five percent of the running bill. amount willcomplete the construction of toilet complex/toilet be deducted from each remaining bill. -This will becomplexes within .......... months from the date of the released at the time of final payment.First advance, approval of drawings and estimatesand handing over of site and sites whichever is later. The final payment will be made by the First Party to
43
the Second Party within 30 days of the commissioning 23) The First arty shall make available adequate
of the complex. quantity of wat er at suitable pressure and for thepurpose of co struction light connection will be
If advance payment and payments on running bills provided by the first party. After commissioning of
are not made in time as mentioned above, the second the toilet block, First Party shall make available
party will have the option to stop the work. The First adequate quantity of water at suitable pressure.
Party in such a case will have to pay compensation Water and Ele tricity will be provided by the First
to the Second Party for idle labour and establishment Party at thei own cost for construction and
cost etc. maintained by the Second Party. maintenance o the complex.
16) If the Second Party fails to complete the work (a) The Seco d Party shall be fully responsible to
described in para (1) above, the First Party shall have keep the whole arrangement of the sanitary
the right to recover the balance amount of advance, block for 24 hours service.
i.e. the amount arrived at after deducting the value
of work done with 20% management charges from the (b) The Sec nd Party shall provide a complaint
amount advanced by the First Party to the Second book at t e Care-taker room to be filled in case
Party tinder this agreement. of compl ints by the users.
17) It is hereby further agreed that in case, 24) The Sec nd Party shall be entitled to impose
the work could not be completed within the and charge suc h reasonable sum as may be necessary
time specifiedl in para (11) above, due to natural from the use s of the said toilet complex, after
calamity, litigation or any other cause beyond the obtaining pric r approval of the First Party for
control of the Seconcl Party, then time of conmpletion meeting the peration, maintenance, repair and
of work shall be extended by the First Party on establishment osts of the said complex. The Charge
mutual consultation. to be recover d from the users shall be as follows
18) The First Party shall extend all necessary (i) Gents s all have to pay Rs . and ladies
cooperation, assistance and facilities to the Second Rs ..... p r use. Children below 10 years and
Party in the construction, completion of work, physical handicapped persons will not be
operation and maintenance of toilet complex specified . ......... | .. charged. In case of monthly family pass the fee
in this agreement. shall be s. per month/family. No charge
to be pail for use of urinal. The above charges19) All rights, title of interest or ownership with will be ncreased by (indicate percentage) at
regard to the toilet complex constructed by the the end of every 3 years.
Second Party shall vest in the First Party except that
the toilet complex after the construction, will be (ii) Each us r will be supplied a tea-spoonful soap
handed over to the Second Party for operation and powder without any additional charge by the
:I. maintenance as agreed to in this Agreement. Second arty for washing hands after defecation.
20) The Second Party will motivate and educate 25) The Fir t Party shall allow the Second Party to
people, through publicity and promotional activities, display signb ards oII each toilel complex indicating
for using the toilet complexes constructed, operated rules and reg lations to educate the users. The First
and maintained under this agreement. Party shall al o allow the Second Party to put up their
sign board at the toilet complex. The text for display21) The Second Party shall regularly clean, maintain shall be appr oved by the First Party.
and repair, if necessary the aforesaid toilet complex
for a period of 15 years from the date of commissioning 26) It is he eby agreed that any neglect or lapse on
of complex at its own cost and through its own the part of t e Seconcl Party to clean, maintain and
establishment. Subject to the satisfaction of the First repair regul; rly the said complex shall entitle the
Party, this period can be extended for another 15 First Party tc terminate this agreement, after giving
years on mutually agreed terms. The Second Party reasonable pportunity to the Second Party by a
shall maintain the standard of sanitation and use show cause notice to make necessary amends as per
necessary disinfectants at its own cost. Terms and Conditionis of this agreement to the
satisfaction Of the First Party.22) The Second Party shall provide plants, trees as
per space available and maintain them for aesthetic 27) The Fi st Party shall have the right to inspect
beauty. the said toile complex diuring construction, operation
44
and maintenance period and may issue such orders In witness where of both the Parties here to have
and clirections as may be considered necessary in signed this agreement deed on this day of
conformity with this agreement to the Second Party. (enter date, month and year) in the
The Second Party shall ensure that such orders are presence of witnesses:
complied with.
28) The Second Party shall not at any time transferor sublet the rights given under this agreement to theSecond Party to any other Party or parties without Signatuere of the Sig-nature of thewritten permission of the First Party. parties W'Vitness
29) If any time after the commencement of thework, the First Party for any reason whatsoever.decides not to carry out the whole of the said work,
the First Party shall give to the Second Party at least NOTES (Not part of the agreement formnat):
two months notice in writing of the fact, and theSecond Party shall have no claim to any payment of i. The underlined text brackets need to be replaced
compensation whatsoever on account of any profit or by suitable matter as indicated in the bracket.
advantage which the Second Party might have derived .
of by the First Party by not getting whole of the work ii. The mode of payment given in para 15 isdone. However, fullaymeniicudinindicative and can be modified to suit local
done. However, full payment including management stain
charges will be made by the First Party to the Second situation.
Party for all the constructions done and materials iii. In case water supply and electric supply are not
procured by the Second Party. provided by the local body/utility organization,
30) The First Party shall provide protection to the para 23 needs to be suitably amended.
Second Party in the event of any threat arising out of iv. In para 24, admissible user charges needs to be
illegal activities of persons of vested interests. filled in.
. < 31) For de-sludging the soalcage pits and septic v. In case the local body cannot provide tanker for
tanks, the tanker with de-sludging pumping plants de-sludging of septic tank, para 31 needs to be
will be made available by the First Party to the modified.
Second Party, whenever need arises, free of charge.All operation charges of the equipment for de- vi. If the First Party is satisfied that the O&M
sludging and discharging the sludge and sewerage at charges can not be met fully from the user
the appropriate place will be borne by the First Party. charges and other incomes, the First Party canagree to pay a monthly amount to the Second
32) Any matter not covered by this agreement will Party to meet the short fall. This needs to be
be mutually settled by the Parties to this agreement. included in the agreement.
' 33) In case any dispute, difference or question vii. The spaces shown as . in the format need
between the two parties arising out of this agreement to be filled in suitably.
remnain unsettled, the matter shall be referred to amutually agreed arbitrator, whose decision shall be viii. The signatory on behalf of the second party
final and binding on both the Parties. should be an authorized person. Local bodies/utility organizations should insist on the
34) All type of repairing workcs required to be done production of a valid power of attorney in the
during first 3 years shall be borne by the Second name of the signatory prior to entering in to an
|. Party. agreement.
45
Annex I
PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATION IN IMPROtING SANITATION -
A CASE OF KANPUR SLIJMS
liji
I'! CONTEXT among individ ials. It all started with several visits by
1. Kanpur, the industrial city of Uttar Pradesh (UP) a few Kanpur slum leaders and a highly motivatedState is situated on the banks of the river Ganges. social worker Mr S. Tiwari, to Bombay to learn
Several decades ago, an extensive railway network about the activities of the National Slum Dwellers
was laid to facilitate movement of raw materials and Federation NSDF)', Mahila Milana (another
manufactLired goods between several textile mills. A community b sed group), anc an NGO the Societylarge number of poor migrant workers settled along for the Promot on of Area Resource Centers (SPARC)3 .the railway tracks and in vacant lands around the NSDF, Mahila Milan, and SPARC work together as a
nure Mtare currently single force. C nce convinced of the need for a forum,
regarded as unauthorized and are denied basic civic these leaders ormed KSDF in 1992 and began their
amenities. Today, it is estimated that about 700,000 first task of e urerating slums of Kanpur city. Theycollected basc information such as the number of
people (over 20 percent of Kanpur's population) livein 300 to 350 slums with little or no access to civic families, land ownership, and access to safe water,
sanitation, an I health and education services. KSDFservices. In the midst of such a dismial scenie, the isnwatv nthrylusehrdrclyoKanpur Slum Dwellers Federation (KSDF) a is nowcommtinity based organisation (CBO) has started ndirectly through government programs such as
lobilizingthe community tosol sown problems. Urban Basic ervices Program' (UBSP) as well asmobilizing tecmuiyto solve its onpblm. smlenadiithDuring the last two years about 5,000 people living group improving livingin seven slums, started making efforts to build and conditions of slum dwellers.
operate community toilets. 4. KSDF h as ten full time staff, mostly field
l I OBJECTIVE workers from communities where KSDF is active andOBJECTIVE
li | jla couple of declicated social workers. Presently,2. The overall objective of KSDF is to improve the KSDF's mont ly expenses, averaging Rs. 25,000, are
quality of life for poor people living in the slums of reimbursed by NSDF, and KSDF hopes that this
Kanpur. This case study focuses on one of KSDF's arrangement will continue in future.
immediate objectives which is to promote people'sparticipation in construction, operation, and Work in sel ct slumsmaintenance of community toilets in Kanpur slums. 5. KSDF ecided to focus its activities on
! A I Ssettlements along the railway tracks. The people areACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
very poor, do not have access to basic civic services,KSDF as an intermediating CBO and the settl ements are not recognized by Kanpur
3. KSDFprovidesaplatformthrotighwhichKanpur Nagar Maha Palika (KNMP)3 , due to land tenureslum dwellers can reveal their demand for improved problem (the land officially belongs to Railways).
'I civic services and facilitates community mobilization KSDF has s lowly gained acceptance among sltmin enforcing shared commitments and accounltability dwellers by providing assistance in obtaining
NSDF is a Bombay based loose network of several city level slum dweller federations.
2 Mahila Milan, sister organisation of NSDF, is an association formed by women living on pavements and slums to
bring economic equality for women and empower them to take communi y leadership.
SPARC is a Bombay based NGO started in 1984 by some social worker and professionals to help urban poor to
organize themselves and provide a space (emotional and social) to pool t eir hunman resources and learn from each
other. Area resource center is the term coined to describe such a spac . SPARC provides professional suipport to
NSDF and Mahila Milan and they work together as a single force.
UBSP is one of the Urban PoverLy Allevialion programs of the Ministry of Urban Development. Government of India.The focus is to organize communities by creating participatory commur iLy based structures and provide them anopportunity to formulate their own micro development plans.
Kanpur Municipal Corporation is known as Kanpur Nagar Maha Palika.
46
ration cards6 for every household and through its ofslumleadersanclarepresentativeofKSDFpersuaded
Mahila Milan crisis credit scheme. KNMP for permission to construct the toilet in the
nearby municipal land. The community decided toDemand revelation collect Rs. 50 per family (based on their affordability
6. KSDF mobilizes the community by organizing and willingness to pay) toward the construction cost.
study visits for select slum leaders to other slutns As only Rs. 4,500 (about 10 percent of the total cost)
within and outside Kanpur, followed by small group couldl be collected, NSDF contributed the rest. To
meetings within each slum to assess the needs of its keep costs to a miniimum, the community decided not
dwellers. Three basic needs, toilets, electricity, and to employ a contractor but to build the structure
drinking water emerged in almost all the slums. themselves. While no rigid rules for community
E Contrary to the "normal" belief, people prioritized participation were framed (except that only masons
toilets over drinking water because a few programs from the same community will be employed), many
exist to install free handpumps in slums. The residents people provided free labor. The total construction cost
access the program through local politicians or a was only around Rs. 50,000, as compared to Rs. 86,000
municipal corporator. The handpumps are normally when built by KNMP. This represented an investment
maintained by community; repair costs are shared by saving of 40 percent, of which the major savings are
*' users, and the majority of pumps remain in operation. due to absence of profit and overhead costs of a
The absence of free toilet programs, however, and contractor/formalinstitutionandsomeamountoffree
the ever decreasing space for open defecation results labor from the community. The toilet was formally
in a lack of privacy, particularly for women. This inaugurated on 15 August 1993.
accounts for people's priority for toilets.10. Operation and Aaintenance: The community
7. Once slum leaders show keen interest in solving decided to operate and maintain the toilet on a 'pay-
their problems, KSDF conducts door-to-door surveys and-use' basis. It employed two persons (one part-
to collect detailed information, such as size of the time caretaker and one "safaiwala" - a cleaner) from
families, income levels, sanitation and water supply the community. The part-time caretalker is a
service levels, etc. The findings of these surveys are community member who runs a cigarette shop next
then discussed in community meetings. This to toilet. His job is to collect money from outsiders
, information sharing triggers a debate within the and residents, supervise the cleaner's work, and
community(ies) on their problems, possible solutions, maintain accounts. The safaiwala cleans the toilet
riA. and strategies for solving problems. In small group twice a tay. Initially user charges were Rs. 10 per
meetings, community toilets usually emerged as the month (p.m) per family and Re. 1 per use for
favored option because: (i) majority of dwellers are outsiders. About 5 percent of families are very poor,
very poor; and (ii) settlements are in the middle of and they are allowed to pay whenever and whatever
l densely populated areas and not much land is they can afford. The poorest of poor therefore gain
available for individual toilets. access to service. However, as the toilet is located
;} Community mobilization for construction, close to a commercial area, income from outsiders'
vir operation, and maintenance of community toilets use turned out to be significant (about Rs. 1,800 p.mcompared to Rs. 500 p.m from residents). Total
8. KSDF, assisted by NSDF and SPARC, plays a monthly income was more than double the
f:l: Eacilitating role in community mobilization for expenditure (Rs. 200 p.m paid to the caretaker; Rs.construction, operation and maintenance of 500 p.m for safaiwala; and Rs. 300 p.m on an average
community toilets. As women are the most affected, for maintenance), and as a result, the community
due to ever shrinking space for open defecation, decided to reduce the monthly charge for residents
Mahila Nlilan leaders playecd an important role in to Rs. 5 p.m. Even after 50 percent reduction in
mnobilizing the commuinity. The following paragraphs charges, the community was able to earn about Rs.
describe the process followed in one of the cases. 10,000 during one year Now the community plans to
9. Construction: In early 1993, Sangam Theater use the monthly savings, deposited in a Bank, to
Railway Line settlement dwellers (about 150 families) replace the existing asbestos roof with a concrete
decided to construct a ten-seat communiity toilet. NSDF roof and construct a community center. Note: Sangam
organized a visit by some leaders/dwellers to Bombay theater is a special case where the toilet attracts large
and trainedl them in construction, operation, and number of outsiders. KSDF and other slum
maintenance of toilets. A toilet committee, consisting communities (Shiv Hatra and Burma Shell) where
6 A ration card entitles the family to receive prescribed quota of food and fuel at subsidized price frorm the Government
designated shops. Adcllionally, ration card is used as an official identity card for legal purposes like obtaining loans etc.
47
l l
Itoilets are under construction are aware of this fact unable to expand its activities. How long can KSDF's
and therefore will be charging Rs. 10 p.m per family. initiatives be sustained with its depencdence on NSDF
Demand from other settlements and I~4MP's for fundls? C4n NSDF continue to provide financialDemand from other settlements and KNMP's Isupport forever?
ii response15. KNM s contribution (50 percent subsidy)
11. Considering the success of KSDF's Sangam toward capital (construction) costs comes as
experiment and demand from other poor settlements, reimbursem int of expenses incurred by KSDF to a
KNMP decicded to support KSDF's initiatives by (i) maximum o Rs. 25,000 per toilet. As a result, KSDF
allotting municipal land for construction of seven ten- fully depends on NSDF for toilet construction funds.
!;1 seat community toilets; (ii) subsidizing the How can th is be sustained in the long run? One
construction costs, by reimbursinig 50 percent of the possible approach could be to set up a revolving fund
cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 25,000 per toilet for commun ty toilet construction, to be managed by
(KNMP changed its earlier position not to extend KSDF. This und could then be used to extend loans
l; financial assistance to KESDF as they are not a to cover the 40 percent subsidy from NSDF (whichregistered society); and (iii) agreeing to provide could be r covered as part of monthly household
!i. water and sewer connections to all future toilet contributioi s) to communities wanting to have toilets.
constructions by charging a one-time fee of Rs. 6,000 Will KNMP or the government of UP or NSDF be
per toilet. KSDF has started working in all the seven interested n setting up such a fund? Will the
settlements. While construction is almost complete commuLnity e willing to pay 50 percent of construction
in two settlements (Shiv Hatra and Burma Shell), costs? Wha are their incentives?
community mobilization is taking place in other five
settlements. In all these cases, communities are 16. KSDF is active in other areas of development
!., willing to fully bear operation and maintenance costs also. How riuch of their resources are now spent for
but not capital costs. They are willing to pay only 10 mobilizing he community for construction, operation
percent of toilet construction costs (Rs. 50 per and maint nance of toilets? When we add these
;l j tamily) and the rest 90 percent comes as subsidy transaction costs, will construction costs still be
from KNMP (50 percent) and NSDF (40 percent). lower than KNMP's costs?
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED Lessons
Cost sharing and agency problems 17. Poor are willing to pay for improved services.
12. Parallel, free government programs, like UBSP Pay-and-u e' community toilets are financially viable. ~~12. Parallel,freegovernnmentprograms,likeUBSP .
' A . . 1 . ~~~~~~~~~~In slums, vhen there is a demand antd communityor the Ganga Action Plan, in other slums create a . .negative intluence against mobilizing the communities members participate in construction, operation and
to pay for construction costs. Recent closure of maitenan e.
several textile mills rendere(d many slum dwellers 18. Part iership initiatives of formal and informal
jobless. The incomes of several families have come institution can provide gainfLil services to poor.
tdown significantly, and some families have migrated 19. The following are some distinct advantages of
to other towns. Most people are not willing to a commur ity-maaged construction, operation and
contribute more than Rs. 50 per family. On an maintenan -e approach over a government/contractor-
average, with 100 families paying for a ten-seat toilet, basel app oach:
.*1 people's contributioll comes to about 10 percent of
construction costs. i) ConstrLiction, operation and maintenance costs
13. Political interference local political leaders feel are significantly lower w.en the comnunitythreatened by community self-help initiatives, as they assum s the total responsibility. The additionalthreatened by community self-help initiatives, as they transa tion costs incurred by a NGO or CBSO in
are afraid that their support base will be eroded. To mobiin community, imprOves t Chancr . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mobili img the coriinILnty, improves the chances
gain political benefits, they influence the community of sus ainability
not to pay for these services by (i) spreading the
nmessage that it is government s responsibility to ii) Community-managed services operate with filexi-
provicle free services to poor, and (ii) channeliing ble ru es and regulations, and, as a result, even
services to influential sections of the community. the po orest of poor gain access to service; and
Should formal institutions be more transparent about ... Otheir policies and actions in providing services to comm nitya.ould be aoure oincoe,
oor? ~~~~~~~~~~~~comim umty could become a soLurce of inconie.Por .partic larly if it happens to attract outsiders, for
14. In the absence of adequate funds, KSDF is comm iity welfare activities.
48
Annex 16
A TYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES FORA I I-SEAT COMMUNITY TOILET BLOCK
(Drawing No. I)
S. No. Item Qty.
1. Earthwork in excavation including disposal of excavated earthlead up to 50m and lift up to 1.5m; disposed earth to be levelledand neatly dressed. 54.35 cum
2. Filling the available excavated earth in sides of the foundationtrenches and the plinth. 36.46 cum
3. Filling in the plinth with fine sand under the floor. 6.52 cum
;-,:4. Carriage of surplus earth and its disposal at a proper place. 17.89 cum
5. Providing and laying cement concrete 1:5:10. 17.65 cum
6. Providing and laying 40 mm thick DPC with cementconcrete 1:2:4. 18.54 sqm
7. Applying a coat of residual petroleum bitumen on DPC. 18.54 sqm
8. Reinforced cement concrete 1:1.5:3 excluding centering,shuttering and reinforcement in:
i) Rafts & footings 0.79 cum
i] ii) Walls 3.74 cum
iii) Slabs 1.20 cum
9. Reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excluding centering,shuttering and reinforcement in:
i) Lintels and beams 0.279 cum
ii) Slabs 12.304 cum
iii) Walls 0.033 cum
10. Pre-cast reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excluding centering,shuttering and reinforcemnent. 0.074 cum
11. Centering and shuttering including removal of the form work for:
i) Slabs 93.91 sqmn
ii) Lintels, beams and cantilevers 4.60 sqm
iii) Walls 70.22 sqm
12. Reinforcement for RCC work including bencling, binding ancdplacing in position 1446 kg
49
I,_
S. No. Item Qty.
13. Brick work with bricks of class designation 75the in foundation and the plinth in cement mortar 1:6 33.76 cum
Ii' 14. Brick work with bricks of class designation 75 in thesuperstructure in cement mortar 1:6 43.27 cum
15. Provide and lay 40 mm thick marble chips flooring ithunder layer of 31 mm thick cement concrete 1:2:4 69.62 sqm
16. Provide and lay 18 mm thick marble chips dado in thetoilets and baths and skirting at other places where marblechip flooring is provided. 97.70 sqm
17. 40 mm thick cement concrete flooring 1:2:4 finished with afloating coat of neat cement 4.05 sqm
18. Cement plaster skirting 18 mm thick with cementmortar 1:3 finished with a floating coat of neat cem nt 1.19 sqm
19. Painting the roof top with bitumen 54.32 sqm
20. Provide and lay 10 cm thick mud phaska 18.61 sqm
21. Provide and fix 30 mm thick kail or locally availablewood battened door shutters 14.72 sqm
22. Provide and fix 40 mm thick kail or locally availablwood panelled door shutters 1.76 sqm
23. Provide and fix M.S sliding door bolts 28 Nos.
24. Provide and fix oxidized M.S. handles 28 Nos.
25. Provide and fix steel glazed windows including glam s panesand a coat of steel primer 3.59 sqm
26. Provide and fix mild steel T. iron frames for doors andwindows including a coat of steel primer 31.78 kg
27. Provide and lay white glazed tiles in skirting on 1 mmthick cement plaster 1:3 and jointed with white ce lent slurry 5.28 sqm
28. 12 mm cement plaster 1:6 252.76 sqm
29. 15 mm cement plaster 1:6 139.29 sqm
i: 30. 6 mm cement plaster 1:3 finished with a floating c at of neatcement on the top of the wall for bearing RCC sla Is and beams. 19.33 sqm
31. 6 mm cement plaster 1:3 on the ceiling and the wa ter tank of walls 132.39 sqm
32. Colour washing with a base coat of white washing 171.05 sqm
33. White washing 297.67 sqm
34. Applying priming coat on wood-work 42.82 sqm
50
S. No. Item Qty.
35. Painting with the ready mixed painti) Steel work 12.41 sqmii) Wood work 42.82 sqm
36. Provide and fix ceramic squatting pans as per the PF toilet design 11 Nos.
37. Provide and fix ceramic foot-rests 14 pairs
38. Provide and fix ceramic trap of 20 mm water-seal 11 Nos.
39. Constructing a 25 cm wide brick drain in cement mortar 1:6including earth excavation, 10 cm thick bed concrete 1:5:10 and25 mm thick cement concrete 1:2:4 for filling haunches, 12 mmcement plaster 1:4 with a floating coat of neat cement inside thedrain (average depth 30 cm) 23.22 m
40. Provide, lay and joint glazed stoneware pipe 100 mm dia 16.20 m
41. Provide and fix M.S. grill 50.26 kg
42. Provide and fix 50 mm thick pre-cast cement concrete jali 1:2:4 6.84 sqm
43. Provide and fix fan clamp of 16 mm dia M.S. bars 2 Nos.
44. Provide and fix 100 mm dia A.C. rain water pipe with M.S.clamps including all necessary accessories 7.10 m
45. Provide and fix 40mm wide and 6 mm thick glass strips injoints of floor 36.15 m
46. Provide and fix M.S. pintels 24 Nos.
47. Supply and fix rolling shutters made of 80 x 1.25 mm M.S. laths 4.41 sqm
48. Provide and install pumping plant of 0.5 H.P. 2 sets
49. Provide all materials and construct a covered brick drain200 mm wide for the sewage. 23 m
50. Provide all materials and construct the brick chamber 2 Nos.
51. Provide and fix C.I. foot steps in water reservoirs 5 Nos.
52. Provide and fix C.I. manhole cover (light duty) withframe 600 mm dia 2 Nos.
53. Provision of the water supply installation job
54. Provision of the electric supply installation job
55. Provision for the development of site and plantation of trees joband shrubs
51
I,
Annex 17
A TYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES FORA COVERED BRICK PRAIN
(10 METERS LENGTH)
(Drawing No. 3)
ii ~~~~~~~~Item Qty.
Earthwork in excavation including disposal of excavatedearth, lead up to 50 m and lift up to 1.5 m; disposed earthto be levelled and neatly dressed 1.68 cum
Provide and lay cement concrete 1:5:10 0.48 cum
Provide and lay cement concrete 1:3:6 0.04 cum
Brickwork with bricks of class designation 75 in thefoundation and the plinth in cement mortar 1:6 0.46 cum
12 mm cement plaster 1:4 finished with cement punningin the semicircular portion 3.14 sqm
Reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excluding of centering,
shuttering and reinforcement 0.22 cum
Reinforcement for RCC work including bending, bindingand placing in position 17.27 kg
Centering and shuttering including removal of the form w rk 5.73 sqm
I.
52
Annex 18
ATYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES FORA SEPTIC TANK
(Drawing No. 5)
Item Qty.
1. Earthwork in excavation including disposal ofexcavated earth, lead up to 50 m; disposed earth to belevelled and neatly dressed
(i) Up to 1.5 m below ground level 163.67 cum
(ii) 1.5 to 3.0 m below ground level 92.04 cum
(iii) 3.0 m to 4.5m below ground level 0.74 cum
2. Filling available excavated earth in sides of thefoundation trenches and the plinth 18.50 cum
3. Carriage of surplus earth and its disposal at a 237.95 cumproper place
4. Provide and lay cement concrete 1:5:10 17.02 cum
5. Provide and lay cement concrete 1:2:41 1.5 cum
6. Brick work with bricks of class designation 75 in thefoundation and the plinth in cement mortar 1:3 0.31 cum
7. 12 mm cement plaster of mix 1:3 finished with cement punning 0.80 sqm
8. 6 mm cement plaster 1:3 finished with a floating coatof neat cement on top of the wall for bearing of the RCC slab. 0.73 sqm
9. 6 mm cement plaster 1:3 on ceiling and inner faces ofRCC walls i 282.29 sqm
10. Reinforced cement concrete 1:1.5:3 excludingcentering, shuttering and reinforcement in:
(i) Rafts and footings 18.11 cum
(ii) Walls 21.23 cum
11. Reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excluding centering,shuttering and reinforcement in slabs and the beams 16.02 cum
12. Pre-cast reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excludingcentering, shuttering and reinforcement in the slab 0.09 cum
13. Reinforcement for RCC including bending, binding andplacing in position 4353.00 kg
53
Item Qty.
.I 14. Centering and shuttering including removal of theform work for:
iii (i) Walls 282.61 sqm
(ii) Suspended floors and roofs 94.91 sqm
15. Provide and fix C.I foot steps 16 Nos.
l I f 1.16. Provide and fix 150 mm dia C.I. bend 2 Nos.
17. Provide and fix C.I. manhole cover (medium duty) w tha frame 600 mm dia 4 Nos.
18. Provide and fix 100 mm dia C.I. ventilating pipe 7.2 m
19. Provide and fix of 100 mm dia C.I. cowl 4 Nos.
20. Provide and fix C. I. penstock 2 Nos.
:I5
;'I
54
Annex 19
ATYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES FORA SOAKAGE PIT
(Drawing No. 6)
Item Qty.
1. Earthwork in excavation including disposal ofexcavated earth, lead up to 50 m; disposed earth tobe levelled and neatly dressed
(i) Up to 1.5 m below ground level 11.32 cum
(ii) 1.5 to 3.0 m below ground level 9.65 cum
2. Filling the excavated earth in the sidesof the foundation trenches and the plinth 0.41 cum
3. Supply and provide envelope with coarse aggregateall around the pit 1.78 cum
4. Carriage of surplus earth and its disposal at a proper place 20.56 cum
5. 'Brick work with bricks of class designation 75 in thefoundation and the plinth in cement mortar 1:6 5.61 cum
6. 12 mm cement plaster 1:6 3.53 sqm
7. 6 mm cement plaster 1:6 finished with a floating coat ofneat cement on the top of the wall for bearing the RCC slab. 1.93 sqm
8. Reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excluding centering,shuttering and reinforcement.
(i) Cast in situ 0.655 cum
(ii) Pre-cast 0.027 cum
9. Reinforcement for RCC including bending, binding andplacing in position 53.54 kg
10. Centering and shuttering including removal of the form work for:
(i) Suspended floors, roofs and slabs 4.91 sqm
(ii) Circular work. 1.26 sqm
55
- . -;
r4 ,,, -Annex 20
A TYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES FOR A CHAMBER(Drawing No. I 1)
Item Qty.
1. Earthwork in excavation including disposal of the _excavated earth, lead up to 50 m and lift up to 1.5 m;disposed earth to be levelled and neatly dressed 0.57 cum
2. Providing and laying cement concrete 1:5:10 0.18 cum
3. Providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 in drain andbenching including rendering the surface smooth with ceme nt 0.02 cum
4. Brick work with bricks of class designation 75 in foundation andplinth in cement mortar 1:6 0.26 cum
5. 12 mm cement plaster 1:4 0.43 sqm
6. Reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 excluding centring, shutte ngand reinforcement. 0.056 cum ti
7. Reinforcement for RCC including bending, binding andplacing in position
4.40 kg
8. Centering and shuttering including removal of form work 1.16 sqm
56
Annex 21
A FORMAT FOR ASSESSING ANNUAL O&M COSTS
S.No. Description Cost Cost/Month(Rs.) Annurn(Rs.)
1. Staff Salary
a. Attendants (Nos. X Salary/month)
b. Caretakers (Nos. X Salary/month)*
2. Cleaning materials, tools, equipment andsoap powder
3. Water supply and electricity charges
4. Day-to-day repairs and replacements
5. Septic Tank cleaning once a year" @ Rs.per cleaning
6. Annual repairs ( % of the building cost)'
Sub-total
7. Administrative and Supervision charges...% of the total cost
Total
* Not applicable if monthly passes are issued to all usersNot applicable if waste water is let into sewers
+ This could be low during the first two years. Thereafter the annual repair costs may be in therange of 2.5% to 3% of the capital cost of toilet block.
..
.....
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5
Annex 22
A FORMAT FOR A MONTHLY PASS(ON FRONT PAGE)
MONTHLY PASS
1. House No.
2. Name of head of household
3. Address
4. Number of persons in the household _
5. Charges per month
6. Date of Issue
Name of person with designation issuing the card ._ _ _ ._.
Signature of the person issuing the card _
58
(ON BACK PAGE)
Issuing Authority Year
Month Amount received Payment received Date Name of the Signature ofon Receiver the Receiver
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
59
: S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~II
DRAWVING
61
List of Drawings*
Drg. SheetNo. No Description
1. 1/3 11-Seat Community Toilet with Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities -
Front & Side Elevations
1. 2/3 11-Seat Community Toilet with Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities -
Ground Floor Plan
1. 3/3 11-Seat Community Toilet with Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities -
Sectional Details including Founidation Details
2. 1/1 Squatting Pan and Trap for Pour Flush Latrine
3. 1/1 Details of Urinal
4. 1/1 Brick Drain for Sewage
5. 1/1 Chamber
6. 1/2 Septic Tank (600 Users) - Plan and Section
6. 2/2 Septic Tank (600 Users) - Details of Inlet Chamber
7. 1/1 Soakage Pit
Urinal Facilities - Ground and First Floor Plans
9. 1/1 Conceptual Design of an Eight Seat Community Toilet Block with Bathing
and Urinal Facilities - Front Elevation and Plan
10. 1/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 11-Seat Community Toilet Block with
Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - Front Elevation
10. 2/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 11-Seat Community Toilet Block with
Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - Ground Floor Plan
10. 3/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 11-Seat Community Toilet Block with
Bathithg, Washing and Urinal Facilities - First Floor Plan
10. 4/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 11-Seat Community Toilet Block with
Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - Terrace Plan
11 1/2 Conceptual Floor Plan of a Double Storey 14-Seat Community Toilet with
Bathing and Urinal Facilities - Front Elevation
11. 2/2 Conceptual Floor Plan of a Double Storey 14-Seat Community Toilet with
Bathing and Urinal Facilities - Ground and First Floor Plans.
12. 1/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 22-Seat Community Toilet Block with
Bathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - Section and Side Elevation
62
Drg. SheetNo. No Description
12. 2/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 22-Seat C mmunity Toilet Block withBathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - GrouL d Floor Plan andFoundation Details
* .: 12. 3/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 22-Seat C mmunity Toilet Block withBathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - First Floor Plan
12. 4/4 Conceptual Design of a Two Storey 22-Seat C mmunity Toilet Block withBathing, Washing and Urinal Facilities - 2nd Floor/Terrace Plan
13. 1/1 Conceptual Layout of a Community Toilet Blo k with Septic Tank andSoakage Pit
'Drawings: Courtesy - Sulabh International, Newu Delhi
63
SCHEDULE OF DOORS & WINDOWS
D e76 x 1500 WOODEN DOOR
Di 876 x 1800 -DITIO-
D2 900 x 1960 -nrrro-
1W 750 x 1350 GLAZED WINDOW
VI 460 x 1360 -DrITO-
W2 900 x 1060 -DrrrO-
RS 1060 x2100 ROLINC SHUTTER
-GROOVES IN PLASITER I 800 x 800 PRECAST CEMENT CONC.JAUI
SIDE ELEVATION 31 900 x 800 -DITTo-
ALL DIYENSIONS IN mm
FRONT ELEVATION 11 SEAT COMMUNITY TOILETEL~~~VATION ~~~~WITH BATHING,WASHING
AND URINAL FACILITIESDRG.NO. SHEET NO SCAIE
1 1/3 1:75
(n3ELWT) j68 TO SEPTIC TANK
GROUND FLOOR PLAN -~~~~~~T CIT DRAIN K DA
ErFl W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RIN~RTST AE
r F4 D D~~~~N UIALFAIITE
Mv_ 27OOx3450 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 23 :7
MOC WRKIN CM 14 -
40 D.P.C.1:t4 wrm g0 D,CJ O Win
IeRZCOAT: PX C. LQ 1:0 4mrwz TMi
10 C 4 L ,im
1:13OH cam! 6000c~~
W ATER TANK
100 m UDPHISKA
B00C .mm - uyKR Of BTO FOUNDATION DETAIL
- kc.cx"L
BATH E PEN we C 1 WC BATH
g f 5x_ ES_ 1F= ____ L- -, LVL
LYL
SUYP 2400x1lBOX1500 - 110o Ric 1:1.6:
-- ISO Pcc 1h5.:l0
SECTION A-AALL DEYlNSIONS IN mm
11 SEAT COMMUNITY TOILETWITH BATHING,WASHINGAND URINAL FACILITIES
DRG.14. SHRErT NO. SCAI
} 1 } 3/3 1:75
-~~~~~~~~
70~~~~~~~~~~
TRAP SCALE: 1:5
L 475 L
5 425
70
\ \ ~~~~~~~~~~N
DIA
SECTION A-B
PLAN
SQ rATTING PAN AND TRAPFOf POUR FLUSH LATRINE
DRG . SHEET NO. SCALE
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 / 1 1 :7 .5
WHEEL VALVE - -5mm
INHOL
FROM OVERHEAD | WITH PERFORATION
WATER STORAGE TA4; _ _ -- | r WHITE: GLAZEO TILES -WHITE GLAZED TILES
14 S < 4 0 0 0 X K T6,X / B,W.iN CM 1:6
SECTIO~Nn 40Bmm MOSAJC FLOOR
l0Omm P.C C 1:5:1 01OOmm SAND FILUNG
1 Omm 0 STONEWARE
| l2\rT 1 T V
AL 0 ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HAL PIPE-
A/ SECTION A-A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~40mm MOSAIC FLOOR
l00mm P,C.C 1:5:10
100mm SAND FILLING
,rl 'L- _ 11- 1-1--'S115
TO SEWER7GLYTAOR SEPTIC TANK
~~~~~~~~~~~~100!. I I
I . . 1 1~~~~~~~~~~~~R~7150
B B
1
i3 W '<P.C.C.2:2:5:10
STONEWARE 300
FOUNDATION FORSCREEN W
115mm THICK SCREEN WALL900 ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm.
DETAILS OF URINAL
1 675 l 675 675 675
2775
DRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
A SEl PLAN 3 1/1 1:20
PRECAST R.C.C.SLAB 1:2:4GROUND L ___________,- _______ IEVEL
.L2m/mC NT PLAER 1:4.E- i/svFINISHE WiTH CEMENT PUNNINGN vSEM CIRCULAR PORTON
BRICK W RK IN CEMENTMORTAR 1:6
o CEMENT CONCRETE 1:3:6
200 CEMENT CONCRETE 1:5:10430
480
SECTION B-B
B B
115 200 115
AUL DDE SIONS IN mm
P LANBRIC DRAIN FOR SEWAGE
DRG-NO. SHEET NO. SCAL
j I i . ' 4 1/1 1:10
I
i
~~~~~~~~~~~~~R.C.C-sLAB 1:2:4
G-ROUND 6-RT
T H ILUNG
4 l2 nCE)jIM~f~
PT.PSrER 1:4
/lia W aCIKX
XBRICK WORK IN CEMEL
RETA 1OCR:6 :51E- X
BENCMNG
/
LOPEITOP
:
lWITH CEENE PFIMSHED SMOOT
SECTION A-A
CEMENT CONCREE pIPE
AA
'0 0~~~~~~
X
4~~~~~ 225 60
ko 226>z5
1 *
X~~~~~~~4 k0 5
ALo sL Dl3fpiON IN( mmz
PLAN
CHAMBER
:RG.NC NO,
------
1-2-
0000 I
I I
_ t :~~~~~~~~~~~t
3000 3000 1
I I
, . .. . . .. . . .:Cil~~~~~~~~~L
C 1 12R C. C: SUB 1:2:41._ 3
GROUND -1PWR 'L + o zLE-|EL
D-OPYNING OPENG OP
S~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ -E =-. -< SW.
DE-PNSTAILC C PEN-E PETAIL
| S--R . CA. 1:75 125 _.C.C. 1:1.:3
160 P..C.C 1:6:10
DE,TAILzIE XJ2ETL-AI
R.C.C. SLAB 1:2:4~~~REAS RC.. LA 12:
t f w E ~~GL_ ..
] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~10 OUTlT F PIPE2
1150 R.C.C. 1:1.5:3
75 mm CC. 1:2:4 INVER'r~~~1 2 ALL.C DMENIONSIN m
- - - - - - - - - - -S 't -
-/ ..../, .//I */ i PRECASr R.C.C. SLAB 1:2:
/\ 1K ccL 3J GL<, =
| Ei | -/0fa /,//X//0't <~~~~~~~~OY 100t rc,, c.clct 5 LX SEPTIC TANK
BRICK WOaRK LNF1\l (600 USERS)CEILEN4T YiORTA 1:3
DETAIL OF INLET CHAMfBER SECTION C -C 6..C |:.: DHGNO |1:75,1/:30I
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ / 17,/3
a50 ~ 16
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l_l
T b.z9~~~V2150 15- 150
Z35o >E 50' 75 2g Z30\: Z j
f~~~~ ~ ~ ~ I Z600. ;
cJl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, I .~
- - -,
- - - - - - - - - - - - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - - - - -- - - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ K- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~
- --- --- --- - -- -- - -- -- - -- - - -- - - - - - - - -9- -0
2500~~~~~~~
n~~~~~~I25 5 q
c~~~~~~~~~~~J~~~~WQ~~~~~~~~~~~~~N3 K
CARE TAKER ROOM
-~~~~~~
______ _____2140 22a 2700 "220l
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
HAND WASH STORE HAND WASH-
FEMALE MALE
N D D D DONTE
WC WC WC eWCm1
l Xc 1 RS .RS -c IYsiTh
225 Io 116 2700 226 900 11 2td0 750 l1Q ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm
7430 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 4 SEAT COMMUNITY
TOILET BLOCK WITH URINAL FACILITIES
GROUND FLOOR PLAN . , _ , . .DRG.N0. | SHaISIT NO. | SCALE:
8 1/1 1:50
. ' t ,~~~~~
- I.,m * -1 , s -
FRONT ELEVATION
1'~~~~~~~~- ------ 1
aq~~~~~~~~~~' I/
HANDIWkSH Ro HAn -ASH\\\\FEMAL.MALE
Dq >D 7D D DD____D_ALDThESID I
BATH YC WC $q /flANIN CARE TAKER
___ RS 1-00 RS
ALL DIILENSIONS IN mm
PLAN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN EIGHTSEAT COMMUNITY TOILET BLOCKWITH BATHING & URINAL FACILITIES
DRG.NO. SHE1T NO. SCALE
9 1/1 1:75
FRONT ELEVATION
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 11 SEAT COMMUNITYTOILET BLOCK WITH BATHING,WASHING & URINAL FACILITIES
DRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
10 1/4 1:75
1!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10500
25 1200 4425 30 0 1200 225
WC WC rH 525 825 115
D _I~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ 41 E TOP 900 2' ~ ~ ~ ~ F rl_ l EG[COUNTR 11 =
CONC. OLOCK WrAUCrA'
i . LS DIESADIESTTOILE
- W 5GROUND FLOOR PLAN
I~~~~~~~,,~~~~~~~~ t
E-
ALL DIMENSIONS IN m m
CONCEPTUAL ESIGN OF AIs ________________________________________T W O ST O R E Y 11 SE A T C O_N U NIT Yl ~~~~~~TOILET BLOCK WITH BATHING,
i ~~~~~~~~~~WASHING & U IAL FACILlTIESl ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~DRG.NO. | HEET NO. | CALE
10 2/4 1-175
is
CCD WC D BEAN D O A
i O WC X ~~GENTS TOILET M _N CARETE
FIRST FLOOR PIAN
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 11 SEAT COMMfUNITYTOILET BLOCK WITH BATHING,WASHING & URINAL FACILITIES
DRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
__ _ _ _ __ __ _ 10 3/4 1:75
TERRACE PLAN
l
CONCEPTU DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 11 SEAT COMMUNITYTOILET BLOC K WITH BATING,WASHING & JRINAL FACILITIESDRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
i_______________ _ .10 4/4 1:75
l
-Trig~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
LHi~~- HI 1-
_ ______________ __ __ _ __ __ _ ________ i ll I i L
HIIHI HI II I H II t '3
FRONT ELEVATION
ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ADOUBLE STOREY 14 SEAT COMMUNITYTOILET BLOCK WITH BATHING,WASHING & ULRINAL FACILITIES
DRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
11 1/2 1:75
7 -
TATAH TANK2S26 x 265a x 1060
BATB 0
,.~ ~ ~~~W WCW WC£ ~~ ~~D -D FD f-D
MALE D
D D D D D _
WC WC WC STOE CAR TAKER
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
1050 915 900 115 900 115 N0 iJo 90o0 900 K 2 90
WCH4 WC CHILD WC ROOMWC
D D D D D Df
FEMALE D
WC WC WC HAND \ W 0ENT.BATH URINALS
:1 =L R.S900
11GROUND FLOOR PLAN
ALL DIMENSIONS IN
CONCEPTUAL ESIGN OF ADOUBLE STO Y 14 SEAT COMMUNITYTOILET BLOCK WITH BATHING,WASHING & AL FACILITIES
DRG.NO. HEET NO. SCAL
11 2/2 1:75
LLYE Or BITuw]Di
100 WmD PHLX_
VIM~ SOR1VRAtl TAlK
a LOBBEa
l 1 t . . ~~A ROOETAKER .-
_~~~I I H I .- I H I H 'I
_R 1R 7 5 P T 1 T}CtDTH= Q°°OGl
PLlNTlXI>J LEVE
|GROUN
SECTION AT A-A SIDE ELEVATION
ALL D[(S1ONE IN mm.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 22 SEATCOMNIUNITY TOILET BLOCK WITHBATMNG. WASHING & URINAL FACILITIESDRG.NO. SHIZT NO. SCALE
12 1/4 1:75
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,, -(
BmCX WRX IN CM III40 D.P.C. 1:24 WIrM 40mm YODIC FLO1O0NBITIJ1lI COAT 100mm P C.CI .105 40 D.P.C.1L2;4 WMT7100mm SiND 7fljff / BDTrUMEN COLT
PC.C.1:6:10
FOUNDATION DETAIL
15 _ 2I75 s 9D 1 goo 99DC 15 w M g _
.tS l __ _ _ _-JX --- --E_ t _ __-_ _ __-_ _ __ _ _ _
E l _ _ L~~W <Wk 4---XC _ v+ I 0 r- -_ 7; D ---
. 1 SAOH OEN1rS | D WC __GEi C IDlE 0 TH Ii' SCHEDULE OF DOORS & WINDOWSTOI~~~~T ~ ~W:c ir - --- D~~~~~~~ 875 x 1600 WOODEN DOOR
_ , $ l 900: OPEN j X 3 17 - FHILDRENL OPEN l | l : Dl 900 x 1800 -D=O-
TOl D L _ . D l : EU:L rDRt |DPrC SOC f CE < n lrl2 900 x 1950 -DrrO-L- T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 800 x 1350 GLAZEID WINDOW
VDRX 'al rlill ~~~~~~~~~~~~I 900 z10 -D0-__ ,. N |:3| |+c)OO ' | HAND 1 R.S 1060_x_2100 ROLING_SHJUTMR
VASH i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 800 HIGH CELXFNT CONC.IAU> Jf ~< th | ENT.LOBBY > jV 300 x 2550 GLAZED VENTILATOR
N ?URINAL I
t2 t-ubo ssH iA I l | ALL DIMENSIONS IN mmL
GENTS TENT. LADIES ENT. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 22 SEATCOMMUNITY TOILET BLOCK WITH
GROUND____ FLOR LA |BATHING, WASHING & URINAL FACILITIESGROUND FLOOR PLAN DRGCNO. SHEET NO. SCALE
12 2/4 1:75
D: I
Dc A D O
D
DW BATORY22SA
HANDWASH HAND W~~~ASH IN,WRHG& JAIFCLTE
< | 12 | 3/4 | 1:75 fi~~~~~~~~~~_4 D
FIRST'FLOOR PLA
- -~~~~~~~CNET AL DEIG
* C. -. F E D '* eq f
WATER TANK
R tP i PE c
d X TERRACE r/ CE P TERRACE |L\
; g/11 Wl2 DS X 1\
L X1 *. ] r D2 = < COCEPTAL DSIGNOF
\ CARETAW R 2 S
WORKT6p S l
2nd FLOOR//TERRACE PLAN
ALL DDIENSJONS IN mm
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF ATWO STOREY 22 SEATCOMM-UNITY TOILET BLOCK WITHBATHING, WASHIfNG & LTINAL FACILITIESDRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
12 -4/4 1 :75
SOAKAGE PIT
SOAKAGE PIT SOAKAGE PIT
SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANK
INLET CHAMBER INLET CHAMBER
CHAMBER CHAMBER
9EWX4E ANDJRIAL WASTE
F ASTE WATER FROM BATHROMS WASH HAND BASINS AND
FLOOR WASHING TO CITY DRAIN
COMMUNITY TOILETCOMPLEX
CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT OF ACOMMUNITY TOILET BLOCK WITHSEPTIC TANK & SOAKAGE PIT
DRG.NO. SHEET NO. SCALE
13 1/1 N.T.S