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Natura 2000Europe’s safety net for nature – and people
Florentina FlorescuNatura 2000 Coordinator, WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme
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A global crisis
1000 x natural extinction rate
In Europe:
• 42% of mammals endangered, e.g. Iberian lynx
• 80% of Danube wetlands lost
• Collapsing fish stocks
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Biodiversity provides crucial…
• Goods (food, wood, fiber…)
• Services (clean water, climate regulation…)
• Genetic reserves – our insurance policy
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EU response
• “The Community shall have as its task…to promote throughout the Community…a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment.”
Treaty Establishing the European Community (2002), Article 2:
• Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
• Gothenburg Summit (2001): “halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010”
• EU 6th Environmental Action Programme (2001)
• Birds Directive (1979) and Habitats Directive (1992)
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Legal Instruments for nature
National LegislationProtected species, protected areas, hunting
provisions, ...
European Union
International ConventionsBern, Bonn, Ramsar, Washington (CITES),
Biological Diversity
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Europe’s “Safety net for nature”
• Birds + Habitats Directives = Natura 2000 network
• Cornerstone of EU conservation policy
• Maintain species and habitats of European importance
• Does not necessarily restrict socioeconomic activities –in many cases requires them
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EU-nature conservation policy
Two main directives:
• “Wild Birds Directive”(79/409/EEC)
bird species
• “Habitats Directive” (92/43/EEC)
other animal and plant species, habitat types
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BIRDS DIR. - 1979
� All bird species protected
� No priority bird species (cf. indicative list for Life-Nature)
� EU territory treated as a whole
� Habitat conservation measures (incl. SPAs in NATURA 2000)
� Regulated hunting and trade limited to a few species
HABITATS DIR. - 1992
� Species/habitats of EU interest protected
� Priority Habitats/species
� Biogeographical regions
� Site protection and management measures (SACs) in NATURA 2000
� Species protection and management
PRIORITY EU LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR NATURE & BIODIVERSITY
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Natura 2000 network
Global aim: Maintain or restore the
favourable conservation status of certain
species and natural habitat types in their
natural range
SPA SCI
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What is the target of protection under Natura 2000? - I
• Birds Directive
– 181 vulnerable bird species(Annex I)
+13 species (EU15+10)
– migratory bird species (esp. wetlands)
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Implementing the BirdsDirective –
nesting and migratory species
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2 of the 13 new bird species in Annex I also proposed by CZ, HU, PL, SK (BG)
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Setting up Natura 2000Birds Directive
1) Member States classify (CC: by accession)
2) Commission takes coordinating role
Reference list: Important Bird Areas (IBAs) based on international criteria
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What is the target of protection under Natura 2000? - II
Species and habitatsof Community interest
• Habitats Directive (its annexes I-V)
– appr. 200 habitats (EU15)+ 20 habitats (EU15+10)
– appr. 700 species (EU15) + 165 species (EU15+10)
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Annex I and Annex II
Annex I Annex IIAnimals 324 Plants 587
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The species such as the steppe polecat (Mustelaeversmanii)
or the beetle Carabus hungaricus have been proposed by both the Czech Republic and
Hungary
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Not only endemic plants...
Dianthus moravicus Galium sudeticum
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but also species which occur in other acceding countries..
e.g. Cirsiumbrachycephalum
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Setting up Natura2000
Habitats Directive
1) National lists proposed (CC: by accession)
2) Selection process on biogeographical level (aim: Community list) - MS & EC - max. 3 years
3) Designation by MS max.
6 years after Community list
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Site designation
• Scientific assessment at national level
• Selection of sites of Community Importance (20-60% rules)
• Designation as Natura 2000 sites
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NATURAL HABITAT TYPES- representativity- relative area of habitat type (in relation to the area co vered by this habitat
type in the country)- conservation of structure and functionSPECIES- relative population (in relation to the national popula tion) - conservation of habitat features essential for the spec ies- isolation of population
GENERAL- priority status of habitat type or species- endangerment of habitat type or species in the country- importance of the area for conservation of habitat type o r species in its
whole geographical range- particular responsibility of the country for conservat ion of habitat type or
species- situation of the area on migration routes or in transbound ary zone- occurrence of greater number of habitat types and/or spec ies
CRITERIA OF SELECTION OF SCI/SACs
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- THEY SHOULD COMPRISE SIGNIFICANT AREA OF HABITAT T YPE FROM ANNEX I HD OR SIGNIFICANT POPULATION OF SPECIE S FROM ANNEX II HD ON THE SCALE OF THE COUNTRY
- THEY SHOULD GUARANTEE THE MAINTENANCE OF THESE HAB ITAT TYPES AND SPECIES IN FAVOURABLE CONSERVATION STATUS
DESIRED EFFECTS OF SCI/SACs SELECTION :
- THEY SHOULD BE IMPORTANT FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVA TION OF A GIVEN BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGION
- THEY SHOULD CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGICA L COHERENCE OF THE NETWORK
CONTRIBUTION OF A COUNTRY TO THE NETWORK SHOULD BE IN PROPORTION TO NATIONAL RESOURCES OF PARTICULAR HABI TAT TYPES AND SPECIES OF COMMUNITY IMPORTANCE
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Methods of site selection
91E06210
9110
91E06210
9110
91E06210
9110
Large sites:a few big sites
buffer zones included
public acceptance
often low
simple management
low administrative
costs
Small sites:many sites
no buffer zones
large edge effects and
impacts
no functional units
impacts from outside not
under control
management difficult
administration costly
Excluding:„holes“ where no habitat
type/ species has been
found
omitting private property
wherever possible
traffic facilities
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SpecialProtectionAreas SPAs
CouncilDirective79/409/EEC(BirdsDirective)
Article 4
Council Directive92/43/EEC
(Habitats Directive)Annexes I and II
Sites ofCommunityImportance
(SCIs)
National listof potential
Special Areas ofConservation
Designation by member state
NationalList
Verification by EuropeanCommission
Special Areasof Conservation
(SACs)
BirdLifeInternational
Criteria
Criteria:Annex III HD
BUILDING NATURA 2000 NETWORK
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Natura 2000 sites in Romania
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What is not true…
• “From Brussels for Brussels”
• Including land in a Natura 2000 site affect the ownership of such land
• All economic activities will be limited
• Properties automatically lose value as a consequence of Natura2000 designation
• Hunting activities are forbidden
• Any new infrastructure is forbidden
• Everyday activities will have to undergo an environmental impact assessment
Natura 2000: Myths