i phone dev summit lefty 03 07 08

Open Up Your World

How OpenHow OpenIs “Open”?

David “Lefty” SchlesingerDirector, Open Source Technologies

ACCESS CO., LTD.

iPhone Developers’ SummitpNew York, NY March 20, 2008

Act I: The Battlefield and the Battle

Copyright © 2008, ACCESS Systems Americas All rights reserved.2

“Smart Phone” Shipments Are Growing

300 000

Total Smart Phone Shipments (000 units)

250,000

300,000

150 000

200,000

100,000

150,000

0

50,000


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Source: In-Stat, 2006

Mobile Growth is Outpacing the Desktop

300,000

Smart Phone v. PC Shipments (000 units)

200,000

250,000

150,000

00,000

50,000

100,000

02005 2007 2010


Smartphone ShipmentsSource: In-Stat, 2006; eTForecasts, 2006; ACCESS internal estimates

Linux Will Take an Increasing Share

60%Linux Smart Phone Market Share

%

50%

30%

40%

10%

20%

0%

10%


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Canalys, 2006

An Unprecedented Market for New Software

140000

Linux Smart Phone Shipments (000 Units)

100000

120000

60000

80000

40000

60000

0

20000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: In-Stat, 2006

Your Cell Phone Is Not Your Desktop System.

Apple Mac Pro Nokia N95

•Gigahertz•Gigabytes

•Megahertz•Megabytes•Gigabytes

•30 inches•120 keys

•Megabytes•3 inches•12 keys

•Moore’s Law is still your friend!•(Other laws of physics may not be.)


It’s Sorta the One You Used to Have, Though…

PowerMac G3 Tower Nokia N95Nokia N95

•350 MHz•64MB RAM

•330 MHz•128MB RAM64MB RAM

•6GB Disk•Ethernet

(10 Mbps)•$2 500

128MB RAM•8GB “Disk”

•WiFi(54 Mpbs)

•Bluetooth•$2,500•(monitor not included)

•Bluetooth•GPS

•GSM/WCDMA•$625

•(includes monitor!)

…but at a quarter of the cost!


Increasingly Seamless and Ubiquitous Connectivityy

We can increasingly connect with anyone from wherever we are…

…and we can connect with them in more ways than b f


ever before…

Increasingly Seamless and Ubiquitous Connectivity

M d t i b i ly

More data is becomingly accessible to us on

demand…

…and more kinds of datadata…

…coming from more and more sources…



When it doesn’t matter where you are, you can be where you please more…

Location and time will increasingly serve our


Location and time will increasingly serve our needs, rather than our serving theirs…


(You are Here.)


Maybe.

The Server in My Pocket

I am a self-reconfiguring cloud of devices and data…I interact with a number of other clouds of devices and I interact with a number of other clouds of devices and dataMy “identity” is distributed

M i l “id tit ” h F B k Li k dI− My social “identity” on my phone, my server, FaceBook, LinkedIn…− My culinary “identity” on Yelp…− My travel “identity” on Dopplr, SideStep, United…

My musical “identity” on Last fm Pandora iLike− My musical identity on Last.fm, Pandora, iLike…

Add in location…What happens when everything can talk to everything?− Will things I want find me?


So, What’s “Open” Mean, Anyway?

“Free” as in “free-for-all”The many faces of “open”The many faces of open− Is it “open source”?

− Are the platform sources available under an OSI-approved li ?license?

− Is it developed in an “open process”?− Can developers directly participate in platform

development?development?− Is it an “open development environment”?

− Can applications developers work unrestrictedly, using the tools and languages of their choice?tools and languages of their choice?

− Does it have “open APIs” or use “open protocols”?− Is there a notification and review process before APIs are

changed? Are file formats and protocols fully documents?

Copyright © 2008, ACCESS Systems Americas All rights reserved.

changed? Are file formats and protocols fully documents?

14

Act II: The Players


The Harsh Realities

Nokia owns 40% of the worldwide market− Nokia phones are supported and marketed by a broad range of p pp y g

carriers in every geography− Nokia is increasingly moving into direct sales and services

LiMo, collectively, arguably represents another 30-40% y g y pof the worldwide market− Support from Samsung, Motorola and other major phone vendors− Support from multiple major carriers in multiple geographies

iPhone is increasingly unlikely to hit its sales targets− 0.5% of the worldwide market?− One carrier per geography, in a limited number of geographiesO p g g p y, g g p

Both Apple and Nokia face the pressure of being proprietary


Apple and the iPhone

The iPhone has raised the bar significantly on user interface and user experiencep− This is what Apple excels at.

Imitation (and cooption) is the sincerest form of titicompetition.

− Responding to this is what Apple does poorly.“You can tell the pioneers by the arrows in their backs.”p y− Apple will need to work very hard to stay ahead;

but can they get ahead in sales and maintain the margins they need?margins they need?

Will the “iTunes App Store” be an enabler or a stumbling block?


The Open Handset Alliance and Android

The Million-Line Code Dump− “We’re open source just not now ”− We re open source, just not now.

“Standard”, but not− “You can trust us, we’re in advertising.”g

Where’s the business model?− Who’s giving away what?− “Free” as in “a dollar”…?− The ad-based phone

The Android’s DilemmaThe Android s Dilemma− “It’s like nothing you’ve ever seen before!”− How to be “open source” and still wind up being


proprietary

18

Mainstream “Mobile Linux”

The ACCESS Linux Platform and efforts like the LiMoFoundation platform build on open source they Foundation platform build on open source, they don’t replace it.− “Open(er) code for open(er) phones.”− Your regular Linux applications can still work!

ALP and LiMo Foundation middleware implement features not in current Linux-based systemsfeatures not in current Linux based systems− Telephony− Messaging− Device management− etc.


The Other Participants, Minor and Major

Behind the Scenes: The GNOME Mobile gang− Moblin org− Moblin.org− Ubuntu Mobile− OpenMoko, G(PE)2, others…

The Linux Foundation and the Linux Phone Standards Forum

(PS: They don’t make phones )− (PS: They don’t make phones.)Microsoft and Windows Mobile− “Look at everything we’ve done for desktop Look at everything we ve done for desktop

systems!”Nokia, the 800-pound gorilla

ith dd d llt h?


− Now, with added Trolltech?

20

Act III: The Approaches: Who’s “Open”?


iPhone

Open Source? No.− “OS X Embedded + Cocoa Touch”

Open Platform Development Process? No.Open Development Environment? In part.

D l t i li it d t Obj ti C T − Development is limited to Objective C. Two execution environments.

Open APIs, Formats and Protocols? Only in a p ylimited context.Open for business? In June, for $99 plus 30% of revenues And Apple is your only distributorrevenues. And Apple is your only distributor.


Android

Open Source? Not yet.− Linux + Dalvik VM + “Surface Manager” + Android

middleware middleware − Android will be released when phones ship (2009?)

Open Platform Development Process? No.p p− Even when Android is released, its architecture resembles

nothing ever seen beforeOpen Development Environment? Not reallyOpen Development Environment? Not really.− Java-only, object-oriented model. Single execution

environment.O API F t d P t l ? S f l i Open APIs, Formats and Protocols? So far, only in part.− Android is still undergoing significant change


g g g gOpen for business? No.

23

Mainstream Mobile Linux

Open Source? Yes, other than proprietary middlewaremiddleware.− Linux + GTK, Gstreamer, BlueZ, etc.

Open Platform Development Process? Yes, other than proprietary middleware.− LiMo benefits from the community’s work, the

community will benefit from LiMo’s support and their community will benefit from LiMo s support and their work on common software

Open Development Environment? Yes.− C, C++, Java, web widgets, etc. Multiple execution

environments.Open APIs and Protocols? Yes.


Open APIs and Protocols? Yes.Open for business? Increasingly.

24

A Typical Linux-based System, Just on a Phone


An Extremely Atypical Linux-based System


Other Efforts

Open Source? − Windows Mobile: No.− Symbian: No.

Open Platform Development Process? − Windows Mobile: No.Windows Mobile: No.− Symbian: No.

Open Development Environment? − Windows Mobile: Mostly− Windows Mobile: Mostly.− Symbian: Mostly.

Open APIs and Protocols? Windo s Mobile: Not in the past b t that’s changing ma be− Windows Mobile: Not in the past, but that’s changing, maybe.

− Symbian: Mostly.


Device Security and Why It Matters

iPhone: “Security” via gluing the case shut.− (Proven not to work well )− (Proven not to work well.)

Android: “Security” via making it the user’s problem.− (“I see trouble ahead.”)

Mainstream Mobile Linux: Security by using the facilities of the underlying operating system in a facilities of the underlying operating system in a way which addresses the problem space− (PS: This is a better approach.)− Example: Hiker Project Policy-based Security (from

the ACCESS Linux Platform)


Openness and Third-Party Ecosystems

Third-party development in an open environment drives platform improvements (and platform drives platform improvements (and platform sales), Platform sales (and platform improvements) drive more third-party development, in a benevolent circle.


Fragmentation, and How to Avoid It

Standards are a piece, but standards alone aren’t enoughg− Stand-alone standards become “unfunded mandates”− Standards based on existing practice can become “backward-

looking” too easily

For a reference implementation to evolve to a standard, it has to be relevant and realistic− LiMo defines 79 telephony-related APIs; Android defines 12. Which p y

seem more likely to fragment…?

Evolving standards + reference implementations + strong community = an overall reduction in g yfragmentation


Why Community Matters

Reference implementations need some sort of communitycommunity− Who maintains things?− Who improves things?g− Who finds bugs? Who fixes ‘em?

“Berkeley documentation”: The code is the t d d h t k ith th l standard: you have to work with the people

who own the code…


Act IV: The Winners


“Hey, you! Become a Community!”

Limiting what people can do, and the ways in which they can do it limits the possibilities for your which they can do it, limits the possibilities for your ecosystemThere is not a “the open source community”.− There’s a kernel community; there’s a GTK+

community; there’s a Gstreamer community; there’s a BlueZ community; there’s a Java community…y y

“Gifting” the communities with all of your excellent, completely out-of-left-field ideas, tossed over the wall all at once in a big wad in the over the wall all at once in a big wad, in the expectation that they’ve been waiting around to maintain them on your behalf, is not a good idea.


The Taoist Theory of Management

“Find a good parade, and get in front of it.”Open source development has proven to be one Open source development has proven to be one of the best parades around− Shared development cost− Shared quality burden− Innovation from unexpected directions


What the Future Could Hold

25% off miso ramen in Istanbul!


Thank you!


i phone dev summit lefty 03 07 08

Technology

access systems americas

sources10 copyright

proprietary16 copyright

battle2 copyright

players15 copyright

faces of open open

open protocols

open apis