i world war. causes

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The 1st World War Causes

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Creado por María Jesús Campos, profesora de Ciencias Sociales, Geografía e Historia en el Programa Bilingüe

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Page 1: I world war. Causes

The 1st World WarCauses

Page 2: I world war. Causes

The system of alliances• The Triple Alliance

or the Central Powers (1882):– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Italy

• The Triple Entente (1907):

– Great Britain– France– Russia

Page 3: I world war. Causes
Page 4: I world war. Causes

Germany• Industrialized• Wanted an

overseas empire (Navy)

• “Encircled” by Russia and France

Austria-Hungary

• Different ethnic groups that wanted their independence (serbs, slavs, czechs, germans…)

• Scared by Russia

Italy

• New country• Wanted an

overseas empire

• Not as powerful or industrialized as the rest

The Triple Alliance

Page 5: I world war. Causes

Great Britain

• Industrialized• Overseas

Empire• The

“splendid isolation” ends as Germany claims for colonies

France

• Wanted revenge after the Franco-Prussian War

• Claims Alsacia-Lorena

• Industrialized

Russia

• Old Regime: most backward country

• Not very industrialized

• Supports Slavs and Serbs living in Austria-Hungary

The Triple Entente

Page 6: I world war. Causes

The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II [Rus]

Nicholas II [Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied Powers:

Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]

William II [Ger]William II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Central Powers:

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Page 7: I world war. Causes

The “balance of power”: the system of alliances made politicians think that the power of the two alliances

would prevent any side from starting a war

“The Chain of Friendship”, The Brooklyn Eagle, July 1914.

Page 8: I world war. Causes

The Path to the War

• It would be a quick war• Militarism and Arms

race• Economic and Imperial

rivalries• Nationalism and

extreme loyalty to one’s country

Page 9: I world war. Causes

Pre-war Crisis1905 Morocco

• - Germany wanted to end French supremacy over Morocco•- 1906 Algeciras Conference: France & Great Britain stuck together against German claims

1908: 1st Balkan Crisis•- Austria-Hungary takes control over Bosnia-Herzegovina•- Russia & Serbia protest but are not ready for a war•- Germany backs up Austria-Hungary against Russia and Serbia

Page 10: I world war. Causes

Pre-War Crisis1911: Morocco•Crisis of Agadir: Germany claims Morocco against French control•France keeps its control over Morocco and in exchange Germany receives territories in Central Africa•Secret agreement: France would patrol the Mediterranean Sea while Great Britain would patrol the French coasts in the Atlantic and the North Sea

1912-13: 2nd Balkan Crisis•After several local wars, Serbia enlarges its territories with Russia’s support•Austria-Hungary is annoyed as it is losing supremacy over the Balkan area.

Page 11: I world war. Causes

The Spark: Sarajevo Murder

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand (successor to the Austria-Hungarian throne) is assesinated in Sarajevo.

• Austria blames Serbia and issues an ultimatum to allow Austrian forces to investigate the murder in Serbia

Page 12: I world war. Causes

The Domino EffectAustria-Hungary

issues an ultimatum to Serbia (its forces

will enter the country to investigate the murder)

Serbia refuses the ultimatum

Austria-Hungary declares war on

Serbia. 28 July 1914

Russia mobilizes its troops to defend

Serbia

Germany (Austria-Hungary ‘s allie)

declares war on Russia

France (Russia’s allie) declares war on

Germany

Germany invades Belgium to attack

France

Great Britain (France’s allie)

declares war on Germany

Page 13: I world war. Causes