ia heavy duty talo
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
1/17
SECTION A
Located at the southwest of Uruguay we can find the department of Colonia and
its capital city, Colonia del Sacramento an international well-known city. In 1995
it was declared by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, due to its Uruguayan
customs mixed with an oldish and European architecture style, and nonetheless
that its the oldest city of Uruguay. Nowadays it is the third touristic city and is
considered a heritage tourist location.
MAP 1: COLONIAS LOCATION
MAP 2: STUDY AREA
COLONIA DEL SACRAMENTO
STUDY AREA
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
2/17
In the maps 1 and 2 it can be appreciated the study area. The first map shows
southern Uruguay and the eastern part of Argentina. The map 2 shows a larger
view of the city, where it has been delineated the historic part of Colonia, the
study area.
The previous two maps show the study area. The first one demonstrates where
Colonia del Sacramento is located, southwest of Uruguay near the east of
Argentina. The second map is more specific, showing Colonias historic section,
our study area.
The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: How does
tourism impact on the historic location of Colonia del Sacramento?I have
selected some hypothesis that can answer this question that is linked to the
subtopic of Tourism at a local scale in the option Sports, Leisure and Tourism.
The Butlers model will be very helpful in order to answer the research question.
It is a model related to the tourism that analyses it as an industry due to its
dynamic grow and constant changes providing valuable and precise
information about tourism resorts.
My three hypotheses are the following:
- The majority of tourists will be from Argentina. Colonia del Sacramento is
160 km from Montevideo and only 50 km away from Buenos Aires and ofcourse there is a great difference on the population of both city,
Montevideo with 1.5 million and Buenos Aires with 10 million,
furthermore there a 6 daily ships that travel from Colonia to Buenos Aires
and back again. Hence this, it will be more logical that the majority of the
tourist will be from Argentina.
- Primary and secondary touristic resources will have a superior amount of
tourist. Because tourists feel attracted to specific spots, we will find an
agglomerated and dense tourist population in areas where historic
buildings, museums and hotel will be (Plaza Mayor).
- The further you go away from Plaza Mayor, the environment will be less
friendly. This has certain logic because near the main attractions the
pollution (noise, garbage and vandalism among others) will be lower than
in other areas of the city.
This hypothesis definitely will be of great value and providing correct data,
helping to answer my research question, demonstrating the touristic impact in
historical places such as Colonia del Sacramento.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
3/17
The effects of tourism in a city will have many pros and cons. Job opportunities,
economic raising, conditioning the migration of local population who are seeking
for a good socio-economic level, are some of the positive effects that tourism
provokes in areas, especially in this type of cities, so it is very important the
investigation of tourism. Colonia del Sacramento is a perfect study case, due to
its small dimensions (223,875 m).
Diagram 1: Butler model diagram1
1 http://geographyfieldwork.com/ButlerModel.htm
Colonia clearly is in the
development stage
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
4/17
SECTION B
On the 31 of May we went to the historic part of Colonia del Sacramento. We
formed many groups, each one in charge of a specific place where we had to
collect data. We collected three types of data and each one by a different
method, traffic and pedestrian, Environmental Quality Survey (EQS) and
interviews.
The three methods were the following:
- Method 1: The pedestrian and traffic count data collected was essentially
to help me with my third hypothesis and realizing that the density of thepopulation will vary depending the time. In order to collect data we had to
count how many vehicles (cars, motorbikes, etc) and pedestrians passed
through our block. We did at 11 am for 10 minutes and in the afternoon,
at 2 pm, for another 10 minutes. The fragility of this method is that the
data is punctual because we didnt do it all day long, and only in two
certain moments of the day.
- Method 2: We had to interview six random persons that passed throughour street; this method was a perfect guidance for my third hypothesis
because I could check from where they were and conclude the type of
tourism that Colonia has. In the tables we wrote the gender, age,
nationality and origin of the interviewed person, a great weakness is that
you only interviewed six persons, giving a large margin of error in why,
when, what they were there.
- Method 3: The EQS is a great method to analyze the environments
pollution, clearly the contamination will be less or more depending theproximity to the tourist attractions, on touristic spots there will be less
garbage and vandalism. We had to evaluate a four block zone, the
factors we took in a count was the quality of the streets, the air, the type
of buildings, mischiefs. Depending on all of this factors we grade it in a
bi-polar scale from -2(Worst) to +2 (Best), but the vulnerability of this
method is that the evaluation is subjective relying on the perception of
the analyzer.
Work sheets and forms appear on the Appendix
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
5/17
SECTION C & D
The previous graphs are to demonstrate the legitimacy of the data, the pie chart
of gender is almost 50% and 50% so we can exclude the gender discrimination
and the column graph also providing a wide range of age of the tourist
interviewed providing reliable data.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
6/17
HYPOTHESIS 1: The majority of tourists will be from Argentina
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
7/17
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
8/17
In order to verify if my hypothesis is correct and the majority of the tourists come from
Argentina, with the data collected we obtained three graphs, a gender pie chart (1), and two
bar charts, one of their ages (2) and another of where they live (3).
The greatest amount of tourist live in Brazil and Argentina, the reason that they are so is
because both countries are neighbours of Uruguay, so going to visit Colonia would be a fastand cheap trip.
Although the majority of tourists arrive from Argentina, Brazilian nationality will be the
predominant; they used this form because by ship in half an hour you would arrive at Colonia
from Buenos Aires and vice versa. Argentina is a country that has many movements of
worldwide tourist and sometimes these tourists arrange packages with tours and Colonia can
probably appear on it due to its history, culture and warm environment. This is reflected on
the maps 7 & 8.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
9/17
Testing my 2nd
hypothesis:
There are more pedestrians near the historical buildings (see map of nearest neighbour test
map 5). As there are historical buildings located throughout the city we should expect to find
an even distribution of tourists, to prove the distribution we can use the nearest neighbour
test. We cant measure the distance between tourists, because they are at the point we testedthem, to measure the tourists using the largest neighbour technique would be incorrect
because we chose where to measure them, but we can do the nearest neighbour test for the
distribution of historical and tourist attractions in Colonia Del Sacramento.
Table 3: Calculations for land area using Google Earth.
NameShapeType
Number AreaPerimeter/Length
Centroid/Mid-Point
BoundingBox
Maximum
BounBo
Minim
ofPoints
(Sq
Kilometres)
(Squaremeters) (Degrees) (Degrees) (Degr
COLONIA
DELSACRAME
NTO
Polygon 145 0.2239 223,874.68 -34.47143
37, -057.8509
859
-34.4685309
, -057.8484923
-34.47
62-
057.8666
First located the historical buildings in Colonia, then calculated the nearest location from each
building and marked them stating the meters that were in between each building (see map 6
and table 4). Following this I measured the area of Colonia that we are studying in square
meters and with the NNI formula that is NNI= 2 and found that the result of NNI=
1.43790982. As the index is greater than 1 the trend is towards dispersion.
Nearest neighbour calculations, table 4:
TOURISTATTRACTIONS
NEARESTNEIGHBOUR
DISTANCE (SCALECM)
DISTANCE(METRES)
1 2 4,6 131,4
2 16 2,7 77,1
3 15 1,9 54,3
4 11 1 28,6
5 19 4,5 128,6
6 10 1,5 42,9
7 18 2,8 80,0
8 20 1,3 37,1
9 19 1 28,6
10 11 0,3 8,611 10 0,3 8,6
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
10/17
12 15 2,3 65,7
13 17 1 28,6
14 15 2,6 74,3
15 16 1,1 31,4
16 15 1,1 31,4
17 13 1 28,618 7 2,8 80,0
19 9 1 28,6
20 8 1,3 37,1
21 20 3,6 102,9
Nearest Neighbour significance, table 5:
In the nearest neighbour significance table we can see that the value 1.43790982 suggests thatthere is regularity, it is increasingly significance regularity.
This result of 1.43 with the sample size of 23 shows an increasingly significant regularity with
over 99% chance of random matching. This result shows that in the historic quarter of Colonia
Del Sacramento the resources for tourists be the primary or secondary are distributed evenly.
This result help explain why no clustering of tourists were found along the plaza mayor
because tourists are distributed visiting the various attractions that are evenly distributed as
shown by the nearest neighbour test results.
The area tested was very small, that could be the cause of questioning the results.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
11/17
The nearest neighbour formula will produce a result between 0 and 2.15, where the
following distribution patterns form a continuum2:
2http://geographyfieldwork.com/nearest_neighbour_analysis.htm(last access 28/11/13)
http://geographyfieldwork.com/nearest_neighbour_analysis.htmhttp://geographyfieldwork.com/nearest_neighbour_analysis.htmhttp://geographyfieldwork.com/nearest_neighbour_analysis.htmhttp://geographyfieldwork.com/nearest_neighbour_analysis.htm -
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
12/17
Testing 1st
hypothesis: Pedestrians will increase as you move towards Plaza Mayor.
To prove this hypothesis the pedestrians and traffic counts will be used and by them obtained
map 5 to see if there are more pedestrians as you move towards plaza mayor. The total
number of pedestrians was used to calculate.
Graph 1:
The highest numbers of pedestrians are closest to 20 - 40 meters distance from Plaza Mayor,
there is no obviously direct correlation but we do find highest numbers within the 40m range.
Although at 180m there are also high numbers. I use the Spearmans Rank method to see if I
could find out if there was a relation between the pedestrians and the Plaza Mayor.
Table 1: Spearmans rank.
LocationN of
pedestriansRank Distance m Rank
Difference between
ranks Squared rank
Henriquez de la Pea 37 8 37.1 13 5 25
18 de julio esq. De La Playa 29 11 94.3 12 1 1
De la Playa esq. Del
Comercio 70 5 114.3 11 6 36
De san Pedro esq. De las
flores 42 6 185.7 10 4 16
Manuel Lobo esq. Ituzaing 82 4 200.0 8 4 16
Virrey Ceballos esq. Flores 38 7 200.0 8 1 1
18 de julio esq. Ituzaingo 99 3 208.6 6 3 9
Gral Flores esq. Comercio 116 2 208.6 6 4 16
De San Jos esq. De Espaa 34 10 271.4 5 5 25
Gral Flores esq. Ituzaing 172 1 271.4 4 3 9
De San Jos esq. Del
comercio 35 9 274.3 3 6 36
Virrey esq. Rivadavia 19 13 300.0 2 11 121
Rivadavia esq. Ituzaing 29 11 357.1 1 10 100
411
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
13/17
The equation for Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient is:
Spearmans rank graph 23
Result =
The number in the sample is 132 so therefore the significance values shows that there is no
correlation that can be proved statistically.
Image N1
There is no correlation between the pedestrians and the plaza mayor.
3http://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRankSignificance.htm(last access 25/11/13)
Calculations
6*d^2 2466
n^3 2197
n^3 -n 2184
6*d^2/n^3 -n 1.129120879
Rs -0.129120879
http://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRankSignificance.htmhttp://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRankSignificance.htmhttp://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRankSignificance.htmhttp://geographyfieldwork.com/SpearmansRankSignificance.htm -
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
14/17
Thus the hypothesis must be rejected or modified, because pedestrians increased on the North
of the area we tested, not by the Plaza Mayor, they were near the areas that have restaurants,
shops, kiosks and more tourist attraction places. Near the Plaza Mayor pedestrians count was
not highest, the Portuguese museum was very close to the Plaza so that could be a reason for
the number of pedestrians that were there.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
15/17
SECTION E
To conclude, this study shows that tourism affects in several ways the city of
Colonia del Sacramento.
Testing hypothesis 1 with the interview results was straightforward; most
tourists do come from Argentina. It was observed that the majority of tourists
are Brazilian and are day trippers. Day trippers do not spend as much money
and makes it harder for the tourist business in the area. Also this affects the
carrying capacity because a large number of tourists come and go daily, not
allowing space for long stay tourists, the ones that benefit more the economy of
the city. Brazilians are travelling to Uruguay as a side-trip to their Argentinian
holiday experience; as such Argentina is possibly benefiting more from
Uruguays unique heritage site for its tourist economy.
Hypothesis 2 was rejected comparing the data from pedestrian and traffic
counts and the distance measured to the Plaza Mayor. For hypothesis 3 the
EQS values and their distance from Plaza Mayor was tested and no reliable
pattern was found using Spearmans and the map of values. Tourists and winds
affect the environment but in general Colonia is very clean and well maintained.
It can also be said that Plaza Mayor is not as important as considered, and this
caused that both the second and third hypothesis were rejected. However it was
identified that the Plaza Mayor has much less traffic than pedestrians, because
the best way to appreciate the place is walking.
After this work, it can be confirmed that Colonia del Sacramento is in the stage
of development according to the theory Butler model.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
16/17
SECTION F
After finishing the fieldwork and analyzing the results, it can be highlighted
some aspects that went really good, but others could have been better.
The three principal methods used to collect data were very useful (interviews,
pedestrian & traffic count, EQS) because they allowed us to identify and
analyze other aspects of tourism, not only by downloading files from internet.
In general, the forms were completed correctly. The groups worked really well
with some exceptions of data that were discarded, but the group made a
cooperative team. The material collected was very useful and one of the
reasons was that we had evenly spread positions to make regular sampling of
the study area.
However it was a fairly cold and windy day, and as it is place to visit walking,
the climate could influence the results and the attitude. Some of the teams were
not interested in giving their best on the data collecting process so that is why in
future fieldwork is better to find hardworking teammates. Also, it was Friday, a
working day that makes it more difficult to study tourism as if it was in a
weekend, generally are the free days that workers have to take some free time
activities.
As an example, interviews are a very interesting way of obtaining data but at the
same time this can be a chaotic way of collecting information because many
times people are not interested on giving the truth or they are not interested on
being interviewed at all. This problem cannot be solved because it is completely
unpredictable and depends exclusively on the others.
-
7/27/2019 Ia Heavy Duty Talo
17/17
Conclusion:
To conclude, we can see that the 1st
hypothesis was rejected by analyzing it with Spearmans
rank and pedestrian map 5; this could be because of the vandalisms surrounding the area of
the Plaza Mayor that are not nice for people and the tourist attractions that are located far
from the Plaza. Also another reason that explains that there were more tourists on the Northof Colonia than in the Plaza Mayor is that the area surrounding the Plaza has no shops or
kiosks that people often go to them and the time we tested the pedestrians they were in other
places.
Using the nearest neighbour test to analyze the distribution of historical and tourist attractions
and the pedestrians near them. The significant values were not found, therefore the
hypothesis is rejected.
The 3rd
hypothesis was proven by graphs 3, 4 and 5 and the maps 7 and 8 by analyzing from
where did the most of tourists came to Colonia, by boat from Argentina where the most ofthem, because it is cheaper and shorter than others, from Brazil also lots of them came to
Colonia, by car or plane. This was proved by the questionnaires that were done for tourists.
Tourists also came from other places but they were not much. Tourists do not benefit Colonia;
they dont spend much money so Colonias hosts dont gain. Argentineans come to take dollars
from their bank accounts and most of them are day-trippers.
In general conclusion we can see that out of three hypotheses were proven.
Evaluations:
For understanding the distribution of tourists we could say that the method used throughout
the investigation was a very good one, but as mentioned before we could say that the reason
of pedestrians surrounding the Plaza Mayor is because the Portuguese museum was nearby
and there were also some clothes and ice-cream shops. This hypothesis could be modified by
applying other studying methods to see if there was a clear correlation between variables or in
the Plaza is seen as a normal plaza like others and tourists do not visit them as historical
attractions.