iaea sources of radiation fuel cycle – high level waste disposal day 4 - lecture 8 (3) 1
TRANSCRIPT
IAEA 1
Sources of Radiation
Fuel Cycle – High Level Waste Disposal
Day 4 - Lecture 8 (3)
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High Level Waste Disposal
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High Level Waste Disposal
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High Level Waste - HLW
Refers to long-life wastes from reprocessing (“first-cycle aqueous raffinate”) except in USA where there is currently no reprocessing
From Purex reprocessing, one 175 liter can containing 150 liters of HLW glass from 2 MTHM of SNF (better than 5:1 volume reduction)
DOE vitrified HLW uses 625 liter can
Dry storage of HLW containers
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Vitrified High Level Waste
Loading silos with canisters containing vitrified high‑level waste in UK, each disc on the floor covers a silo holding ten canisters
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Yucca Mountain Nevada USA
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Yucca Mountain Nevada USA
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HLW Disposal Canisters
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Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP)
Transuranic Waste Disposal
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Transuranic Waste Disposal
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Transuranic Waste Disposal
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Typical for the operation of a 1000 MWe nuclear power reactor
Mining 22,400 tonnes of 1% uranium ore
Milling 280 tonnes of uranium oxide
concentrate (224 t U)
Conversion 331 tonnes UF6 (with 224 t U)
Enrichment 35 tonnes UF6 (with 24 t enriched U,
balance is tails)
Fuel Fabrication 27 tonnes UO2 (with 24 t enriched U)
Reactor Operation 7,000 million kWh of electricity
Spent Fuel 27 tonnes containing 240kg plutonium,
23 t uranium (0.8% U-235), 720kg fission
products, also transuranics
Material Balance in theNuclear Fuel Cycle
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The Uranium Institutehttp://www.uilondon.org
The Uranium Information Centrehttp://www.uic.com.au
Institute for Energy and Environmental Researchhttp://www.ieer.org
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (HHS)http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov
Australian Academy of Sciencehttp://www.science.org.au
Where to Get More Information
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World Information Service on Energy (WISE Uranium Project)http://www.antenna.nl/~wise/uranium/
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/publications/earthsci/ugem.html
US DOE Environmental Managementhttp://www.em.doe.gov/idb96/sect5.html
USDOE Energy Information Administrationhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/uia/
USNRCwww.nrc.gov
Where to Get More Information