iakob gogebashvili telavi state...
TRANSCRIPT
SoTa rusTavelis saqarTvelos erovnuli samecniero
fondi
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia
iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis
Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti
Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University
mayvala miqelaZe
Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri enis
Serwymuli da rTuli winadadebis
sintaqsi
gamomcemloba `universali~ Tbilisi 2018
uak (UDC) 811.354.41’367.3 m -745
samecniero proeqti `safrTxeSi myofi enebi da maTi dokumentire-
bis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba (wovaTuSuri enis magaliTze)~ (gran-
ti # 217850) xorcieldeba SoTa rusTavelis saqarTvelos erovnu-
li samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT. winamdebare monog-
rafiaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosazreba ekuTvnis avtorTa ko-
leqtivs da, SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes fondis Sexedulebebs.
The project ‘Endangered Languages and Vital Meaning of Their Documentation (according to the Tsovatush Language)’ (Grant №217850) is being made possible by financial support from Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. All ideas expressed herewith are those of the authors and may not represent the opinions of the Foundation itself.
www. rustaveli.org.ge ufaso gamocema
redaqtorebi: vaJa Sengelia, qeTevan gigaSvili
recenzenti: arsen berTlani
operatori: mariam berTlani
© mayvala miqelaZe
yvela ufleba daculia.
gamomcemloba `universali~, 2018 Tbilisi, 0186, a. politkovskaias #4, : 5(99) 33 52 02, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
ISBN 978-9941-26-403-0
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Sesavali
winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens gagrZelebas 2015 wels
gamocemuli monografiisa – `Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri enis
martivi winadadebis sintaqsi~. saanalizo masala kvlevisaT-
vis aviReT Cveni proeqtebis farglebSi gamocemuli wovaTu-
Suri teqstebis ori krebulidan:
I. m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili, m. ciskariSvili – wo-
vaTuSuri teqstebi, naw. I, Tb., 2011.
II. m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili – wovaTuSuri teq-
stebi, naw. II, Tb., 2014.
krebulebSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva asakis, ganaTle-
bisa Tu profesiis 35 respondentis Txrobis masalebi. amaT-
gan Cvens monogrfiaSi Sesulia 21 respondenti; eseni arian:
daviT arindauli, arsen berTlani, mariam buqurauli, simon
garsevaniZe, Tamar gromova, kote veSaguriZe, eTer itoSvi-
li, stefane lagaziZe, ioseb longiSvili, sabeda (ara) maCab-
liSvili, mayvala miqelaZe, rezo orbeTiSvili, taso orbe-
TiSvili, nataSa uSarauli, Sorena uSarauli, manana ujirau-
li, ivane qavTariSvili, vaso qoqoriSvili, vardi CaCqaniSvi-
li, eldar wkipoSvili, kote WrelaSvili.
krebulebidan msjelobisTvis amoRebul saanalizo masa-
lebs naSromSi vafiqsirebT krebulebis avtorebze miTiTe-
biT.
muSaobis procesSi sirTules qmnida is garemoeba, rom
dRes qarTuli enis xangrZlivi da intensiuri gavlenis Sede-
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gad wovaTuSur enaSi paralelurad moqmedebs rigi gramati-
kuli kategoriis sakuTari da wyaro endian Semotanili sis-
temebi. morfologiaSi aseTia, magaliTad, saxelisagan zmnis
marTvisa da SeTanxmebis sakuTriv wovaTuSuri klasniSniani
sistema da hibriduli: klasniSnian-piris niSniani ormagi sis-
tema.
analogiuradve, ori gramatikuli sistemis paralelur
moqmedebas vxvdebiT sintaqsSic. miuxedavad imisa, rom wova-
TuSurs aqvs sakuTari, sagangebo maqvemdebarebel sufiqsze
damyarebuli arqauli sistema martiv wonadadebaTa qvewyo-
bisa, nasesxebia da aqtiurad moqmedebs daqvemdebarebis qar-
Tuli sistema: maTematikuri sizustiT aris gadmoRebuli
kavSiriani Tu ukavSiro qvewyobis maorganizebeli korela-
tebi Tu kavSirebi da wevr-kavSirebi, Sinaarsobrivi Tu in-
tonaciuri mimarTeba mTavarsa da damokidebuls Soris, er-
Tsafexuriani qvewyobisa Tu rTuli, mravalsafexuriani
qvewyobis modelebi.
mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas iqcevs is
garemoeba, rom, miuxedavad wovaTuSuri enis martiv winada-
debaTa qvewyobis axali modelebis sruli Sesatyvisobisa
qarTuli enis saTanado modelebTan, maTi maorganizebeli ma-
sala – korelatebi, kavSirebi Tu wevr-kavSirebi – yvela,
garda iSviaTi gamonaklisisa, msesxebelma enam sakuTari leq-
sikuri inventaridan awarmova qarTuli standartis mixed-
viT. analogiuri movlena dasturdeboda maSinac, roca wo-
vaTuSurma qarTulidan zmnis piris kategoria Semoitana, pi-
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ris niSnebi ki sakuTari piris nacvalsaxelebisagan Camoaya-
liba.
aRniSnul movlenas safuZvlad, cxadia, wyaro enis gav-
lenisagan msesxebeli enis Tavdacvis instiqti udevs. aRniS-
nuli faqtebidan kargad ikveTeba is garemoebac, rom enob-
rivi gavlenebi, ZiriTadad, saazrovno modelTa gardaqmnas
iwvevs, saorganizacio masala ki teqnikuri momsaxurebis ri-
giT samuSaos asrulebs mxolod.
mosalodnelia, rom qarTuli enis gavlenis saocrad in-
tensiuri da daCqarebuli tempebi wovaTuSurSi moqmedi mar-
tiv winadadebaTa daqvemdebarebis paraleluri sistemebidan
maleve gamoiwvevs nasesxebi sistemis gabatonebas, Tu manam-
de, kidev ufro adre, ar moxda TviTon wovaTuSTa saboloo
gadarTva qarTul enaze. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is garemoeba,
rom prof. q. gigaSvilis mier oTxiode wlis win sofel zemo
alvanSi Catarebuli sociolingvisturi kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT, adgilobriv macxovrebeli 1.558 TuSidan mSobliu-
ri ena Zalian kargad icis mxolod 95 adamianma, saerTod ar
icis 803 adamianma, danarCenebi ki enis codnisa da arcodnis
gardamaval safexurze dganan. mkvlevari wers: `Tanamedrove
mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, wovaTuSuri enis sicocxlis
maqsimaluri xangrZlivoba Seadgens 80 wels, esec im Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tu dRevandeli yvelaze axalgazrda mosaubreebi
(20 wlisebi, Tanac mosaubreebis Zalian mcire procenti) 100
wlis asakamde icocxleben~ (gigaSvili 2014 – 260).
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Tavi I.
Serwymuli winadadeba
§1. Serwymuli winadadebis raoba
Serwymul winadadebas Sualeduri adgili uWiravs
martivsa da rTul winadadebebs Soris. martivi da rTuli
winadadebebisagan mas erTgvar wevrTa mqonebloba gamoar-
Cevs. erTgvaria wevrebi, romlebic erTnair sintaqsur fun-
qcias asruleben, Sinaarsobrivad erTnairad miemarTebian
erT saerTo wevrs da erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli arian Tan-
wyobis saSualebiT. aRniSnulze dayrdnobiT prof. l. kvaWa-
Ze Serwymuli winadadebis Semdeg ganmartebas iZleva: `iseT
winadadebas, romelSic ramdenime erTgvari wevri moipoveba,
erTgvarwevrebiani anu Serwymuli winadadeba hqvia~ (kvaWaZe
– 1966, 226).
erTgvarwevrebiani winadadebis kvalifikaciis Tval-
sazrisiT mkvlevarTa Soris dRemde azrTa didi sxvadasxvao-
baa. zogierTi mkvlevaris SexedulebiT, rTulSi unda iqnes
gaerTianebuli yvela saxis erTgvarwevrebiani winadadeba.
magaliTad, ar. quTaTelaZe erTgvarwevrebian yvela winada-
debas rTuli winadadebis erT-erT saxeobad Tvlis da mas
`gaerTianebul winadadebas~ uwodebs. mkvlevari wers: `ga-
erTianebuli winadadeba aris iseTi winadadeba, romelSiac
erTi qvemdebarea da ramdenime Semasmeneli, an – ramdenime
qvemdebare da erTi Semasmeneli, an – erTi Semasmeneli, erTi
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qvemdebare da ramdenime amxsneli sityva, romelnic miugeben
erTsa da imave kiTxvazed~ (quTaTelaZe – 1888, 23).
mkvlevarTa umravlesoba Serwymuli winadadebis yvela
saxeobas Tanabrad ganixilavs, rogorc erTgvarwevrebian wi-
nadadebas, garkveuli nawili ki calke gamoyofs erTgvarSe-
masmenlebian winadadebas da mas rTuli Tanwyobili winada-
debis qvesaxed acxadebs.
gansxvavebuli azri erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli
winadadebis Sesaxeb winadadebaSi zmna-Semasmenlis gansa-
kuTrebul rols eyrdnoba, im garemoebas, rom `zmna aris wi-
nadadeba miniaturaSi~. winadadebaSi zmna-Semasmenlis gansa-
kuTrebuli rolis gaTvaliswinebiT rusul akademiur grama-
tikaSi sintaqsuri konstruqcia `erT qvemdebaresTan ramde-
nime Semasmeneli~ calkea gamoyofili da ganixileba, ro-
gorc rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba. Sexedulebas erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winada-
debis gansxvavebuli statusis Sesaxeb rigi mkvlevari aviTa-
rebs saqarTveloSic. prof. l. enuqiZe amgvar winadadebas
rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis erT-erT qvetipad ganixi-
lavs. mkvlevari wers: `Cveni azriT, igi unda CaiTvalos rTu-
li Tanwyobili winadadebis kerZo SemTxvevad, erT-erT qve-
tipad da unda gaimijnos sxva saxis Serwymuli winadadebe-
bisgan~ (enuqiZe – 1987, 127).
erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadebis amgvari
kvalifikaciis Semdeg sintaqsSi isev gvrCeba sami tipis wina-
dadeba: martivi, Serwymuli da rTuli. winadadebaTa tradi-
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ciul samwevrovan klasifikaciasTan SedarebiT aq siaxles
qmnis rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis saxeobrivi momcvelo-
bis zrda Serwymuli winadadebis paraleluri saxeobrivi
momcvelobis Semcirebis xarjze.
sintaqsis mocemul sakiTxze axali saintereso Tval-
sazrisi wamoayena prof. r. WikaZem. mkvlevari winadadebis ne-
bismieri saxeobis ganmasxvavebel faqtorad iRebs masSi Sema-
vali Semasmenlebis raodenobas da ajgufebs winadadebebs
erTSemasmenlian anu monopredikatul da erTzemetSemasmen-
lian anu polipredikatul winadadebebad. polipredikatuli
winadadeba Tavis mxriv iyofa parataqsul anu Tanwyobil da
hipotaqsur anu qvewyobil winadadebebad. am saxis kvalifi-
kaciis mixedviT erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadade-
ba eqceva Tanwyobili winadadebis farglebSi, xolo yvela
sxva saxis Serwymuli winadadeba uerTdeba martivs. `er-
TgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli da rTuli Tanwyobili wina-
dadeba Cven migvaCnia Tanabar sintaqsur odenobad, erTgvar
struqturul erTeulad da mas vuwodeT parataqsuli kon-
struqciis winadadeba~, – wers mkvlevari da Tavis mosazre-
bas amyarebs garkveuli saxis argumentebiT (WikaZe – 1995,
178).
Cveni azriT, erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winada-
debis CamoTvlili sxvadasxva saxis kvalifikacias dabrkole-
bas uqmnis is garemoeba, rom erTgvari Semasmenlebi iseve,
rogorc yvela sxva saxis erTgvari wevrebi, sintaqsur
wyvilSi erT wevrad funqcionireben, anu erT wevrad moiaz-
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rebian. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is garemoeba, rom wovaTuSuri
enis aRniSnuli tipis Serwymul winadadebaSi yvela Semasme-
neli ricxvsa da klasSi erTnairad uTanxmdeba saerTo qvem-
debares.
aRniSnul argumentze dayrdnobiT Cven vutovebT er-
TgvarSemasmenlebian winadadebas Serwymulis statuss da
ganvixilavT sxva saxis Serwymul winadadebebTan.
§2. Serwymuli winadadebis tipebi
Serwymuli winadadebis tipebis TvalsazrisiT wovaTu-
Sur enaSi igive viTareba dasturdeba, rac qarTulSi gvaqvs.
aqac Semdegi tipis Serwymuli winadadebebi funqcionirebs:
1. erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadeba. aseT
winadadebaSi ramdenime Semasmenels erTi qvemdebare Seewyo-
ba:
povles laëmr÷ daxkdiené Je daô larkinå, keW daôđ
×oxkø `pavlem mTidan Camoyvanili cxvari gaparsa da
matyli gayida~.
2. erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadeba. aseTi
saxis Serwymul winadadebaSi erT SemasmenelTan ramdenime
qvemdebarea Sewyobili:
Tinđ, ma×rxè Cxødri doS Ǥedaxker buxrecø `Tina da
marexi windebis qsoviT isxdnen buxarTan~.
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3. erTgvar pirdapirdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba.
aseTi saxis Serwymuli winadadebaSi ramdenime pirdapiri da-
mateba Seewyoba erT Semasmenels:
skol direqtores RaziS Ǥamdarena×né abrmã, ilsè,
natè sigeliv dajildbadi÷ `skolis direqtorma
kargi swavlisTvis abrami, eliso da nato sigelebiT
daajildova.~
4. erTgvar iribdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba. am-
gvar Serwymul winadadebaSi ramdenime iribi damateba Seew-
yoba erT Semasmenels:
yaûCé nanas Sa×rù ôarwøCé bawrev ilku×nđ, mixku×nđ,
povlenđ yarw÷ Cxødri di÷ `moxucma dedam (bebiam)
Tavisi darTuli bawriT ilikos, mixakos da pavles
Wreli windebi mouqsova.~
5. erTgvar ubralodamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba.
aseTi saxis Serwymul winadadebaSi ukve ramdenime ubralo
damatebaa Sewyobili erT SemasmenelTan an mimReobiTa Tu
sawyisiT gadmocemul romelime sxva wevrTan:
a) qiqoõ axmit ×otu×n mgzavr doivđ, urmivđ ixor
alznex `winaT axmetaSi mimavali mgzavri cxenebiT da
urmebiT gadadioda alazans.~
b) Ùav dacoSã, konadoS malva×lné ibé ene ǤevaRer
`yanis TibviTa da SekonviT daRlili ibo CrdilSi
ijda.~
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6. erTgvargansazRvrebiani Serwymuli winadadeba. am-
gvar Serwymul winadadebaSi ramdenime erTgvari gansaz-
Rvreba axlavs erT sazRvruls:
wæn ôaTx wegenå, kuinå vardi divnas `saxlis win
wiTeli da TeTri vardebi davrge~.
7. erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba. am saxis
SerwymulSi erTgvari garemoebebi axlavs zmnas an saxel-
mzniT gadmocemul romelime wevrs.
erTgvari garemoebebi SeiZleba iyos:
a) adgilisa:
lamuôđ, koxaxđ daóù lav lefCer `mTasa da barSi didi Tovli
ido~.
b) droisa:
Ǥalixđ, xkolixđ i x÷ af÷ laíå `zamTarSic da
zafxulSic es xe mwvane dgas~.
g) mizezisa:
maclevđ, xaklevđ qoíbiené ×eí laywø buRer
`SimSilisa da wyurvilisagan Sewyxebuli Zroxa
gabmiT bRaoda~.
d) miznisa:
sù hambadanđ, gaxarbad×anđ ×efcor ivnes is ambu×
`Cems sasiamovneblad da gasaxareblad yveboda ivane
mag ambavs~.
e) viTarebisa:
TivoíuSđ, dalagbiTđ ×ewå stakov ambu× ×ö `wynarad
da dalagebulad unda ilaparakos kacma~.
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8. Sereuli saxis Serwymuli winadadeba.
Sereuli saxisaa Serwymuli winadadeba, romelSic moi-
poveba ramdenime wyeba erTgvari wevrebisa.
fsareôå, Txđ TuTđ, qumelđ leôdosã, murab Ùexkdos
`guSin da dRes TuTasa da Jols vkref da murabas vxarSav.
§3. erTgvar wevrTa SeerTebis saSualebani
erTgvari wevrebi erTmaneTTan erTdeba kavSiriT an
ukavSirod. kavSiriani SeerTebisas makavSirebel saSualebad
viyenebT maerTebel kavSirebs, ukavSiro SeerTebisas ki er-
Tgvar wevrebs aerTianebs intonacia.
ukavSirod SeerTebuli erTgvari wevrebi Tanabarmax-
vliania, erTmaneTs pauziT gamoeyofian da axasiaTebT CamoT-
vlis intonacia, magaliTad:
rusul, germanul, inglisur maïiS se ×aôon RaziS
ÙeTå `rusuli, germanuli, inglisuri enebi Cemma
gogom kargad icis~.
roca erTgvari wevrebi mimyoli sityvebiTaa gavrcobi-
li, CamoTvlis intonacia aerTianebs sityvaTa mTel jgufs.
magaliTad:
nanas abiné axluR, as diené yarw÷ Cxødri, Sa×rù
oxkiné jani viwvaóu×S dafxur ivnego `dedis
Sekerili axaluxi, Cemi moqsovili Wreli windebi,
Tavisi amosxmuli qalamnebi Tavmomwoned ecva
ivanes~.
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ukavSiro SeerTebiT CamoTvlil erTgvar wevrebs da-
umTavreblobis gancda da intonacia axlavs, rac qmnis SesaZ-
leblobas daematos erTgvari wevri. aseT SemTxvevaSi situa-
cias akontrolebs, anu daxSul konstruqcias qmnis erTgvar
wevrebTan naxmari ganmazogadebeli sityvebi.
Sdr.:
a) stak, fstu×né, daóù, kawkù u×s dar `kaci, qali, didi, pa-
tara iq iyvnen.~
b) stak, fstu×né, daóù, kawkù – Ĉmaõ u×s dar `kaci, qali,
didi, patara – yvelani iq iyvnen~.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi ganmazogadebeli sityva uswrebs
kidec erTgvar wevrebs:
Ĉmaõ: daóù, kawkù, stak, fstu×né – u×s dar `yvelani:
didi, patara, qali, kaci – iq iyvnen.~
ganmazogadebeli sityvebi SeiZleba Segvxvdes nebismi-
eri saxis erTgvar wevrebTan.
magaliTad:
1. lamu, bare – miCxmaõ sicx laíer `mTaSi, barSi – yvelgan
sicxe idga.~
2. sona×né, ôona×né, CurCona×né, nča×õreCona×né – ôaminaõa×né
leõ sù Razol `CemTvis, SenTvis, SinaurisTvis, gareSe-
TaTvis – yvelasTvis minda sikeTe.~
3. kuø, weg÷, kapraS – Ĉmaõnair bubuk laíå sogo sögo `TeT-
ri, wiTeli, yviTeli – yvelanairi yvavili midgas ezoSi.~
zogjer winadadebaSi ukavSiro SeerTebas qmnis anto-
nimebis kavSiriani wyvileulebi.
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magaliTad:
Razoli le mosol, goni le gùwol côa×nç nayv
dotur `sikeTe Tu boroteba, Wkua Tu ugnuroba
erTi gziT midioda.~
§4. kavSiriani Serwymuli winadadeba
ukavSiro SerwymulTan SedarebiT wovaTuSuri enis
sityvaTmimoqcevaSi gacilebiT ufro meti sixSiriT funqci-
onirebs kavSiriani Serwymuli winadadeba. wovaTuSuri enis
sintaqsis am sferoSi ukve Zalian TvalsaCinod ikveTeba qar-
Tuli enis sintaqsis intensiuri gavlena. es vlindeba ro-
gorc erTgvar wevrTa urTierTmimarTebis saxeebSi, ise uc-
vlelad nasesxebi, Tu qarTuli kavSirebis Targze sakuTari
masaliT nawarmoebi kavSirebis fonze.
cxadia, rogorc umwerlobo enaSi, wovaTuSurSi maer-
Tebel kavSirTa is raodenoba, rac qarTuls axasiaTebs, ara
gvaqvs, magram erTgvar wevrTa urTierTmimarTebis ZiriTadi
modelebi daculia: dasturdeba imave Sinaarsis maerTebeli
kavSirebi, rac qarTulSi gvaqvs: majgufebeli, macalkevebe-
li da mapirispirebeli.
ZiriTadi majgufebeli kavSiris funqcias (mxedvelo-
baSi gvaqvs qarTuli enis `da~ kavSiri) wovaTuSurSi sityvis
ama Tu im formaze darTuli sagangebo xmovani asrulebs.
zmnur formebTan amgvar funqcias asrulebs xmovani e, saxe-
lebTan ki xmovani đ.
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majgufebeli àda~ kavSiris funqciiT xmovani ã zmnur
formebTan funqcionirebs mxolod maSin, rodesac es for-
mebi Tanxmovanze boovdba. majgufebeli kavSiris funqciis
matarebeli xmovani e erTgvari zmnebidan daerTvis bolos
wina zmnas, e. i. misi saSualebiT xdeba bolo ori zmnis daj-
gufeba erTmaneTTan. is am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli `da~ kavSiris
funqcias asrulebs im gansxvavebiT, rom afiqsia da damouki-
debel sityvas ar warmoadgens.
magaliTad:
1. a×nkos Jagné xeïorã, atiné Ǥe×aRer `aniko wigns kiTxu-
lobda-da Cumad ijda.~
2. ma×rxos Jabé ebwor, Sur lefsorã, jer-fôor Ùeqdor `ma-
rexi Zroxebs wvelida, rZes dRvebavda-da sadil-vaxSams
amzadebda.~
3. ilké côav÷ ǤevaRer oTxe, gakviTli Ǥam×orã, davalbi we-
rad×or `iliko marto ijda oTaxSi, gakveTilebs swav-
lobda da davalebebs werda.~
erTgvari wevrebis (zmnebis) makavSirebeli xmovani e
xSirad bolodan zmnis mwkrivis formis SigniT gadainac-
vlebs da damaxasiaTebel konstruqcias qmnis, magaliTad:
×at×inorã ×at×inoer `moetacna da.~
e xmovnis aseTi adgilgadanacvleba sistemuria Turme-
obiTis formebSi; damaxasiaTebelia isic, rom am dros zmnis
maxvili e-s winamaval xmovanze fiqsirdeba. zmnis formaSi
realizebuli orive es Tavisebureba qmnis kavSiriani Turme-
obiTis specifikur konstruqcias.
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magaliTebi:
1. bacbigo lekiv fxi ×oô ×at×inoer, daô dikralé vaSbđx do-
winé qvaÙiden laÙSiRđ `TuSebisTvis lekebs xuTi gogo moe-
tacnaT-da mihyavdaT erTmaneTis miyolebiT qvaxidis Tavze~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 178).
2. leki maq baxnoer, gogix u×ínoer, taré Tefxanđ ba×ĉnor `lekebi zed misuliyvnen-da, garSemo Semosdgomodnen-da
taSis dakvra daewyoT~ (iqve).
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu zmnis romelime mwkrivis forma xmo-
vanze bolovdeba, `da~ kavSiris funqcias auslautis xmovani
asrulebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi ukve erTgvarwevrTa makvSireb-
lis rolSi Segvxvdeba nebismieri sxva xmovanic (a, i, o, u). ma-
galiTad:
1. ilkos ×eí ôalé laxè, Cê boõobé àiliko Zroxas ipovis-
da Semoiyvans.~
2. i ×eí daô bavê Sugo, lexrđ ba×ĉì Sú àes Zroxa
dagekargebaT-da saZebari gagixdebaT.~
3. i báder ôalé daÙlđ, stak u×Tì àes bavSvi gaizrdeba-da
kaci dadgeba.~
4. nax delæ, daô a×tì àxalxi icinebs-da gaCumdeba .~
aseTi viTareba gvaqvs erTgvar SemasmenlebTan, sxva sa-
xis erTgvar wevrebTan ki ukve `da~ kavSiris funqcias asru-
lebs isev fuZis boloSi darTuli a xmovani. am funqciiT es
xmovani daerTvis mxolod TanxmovanfuZian erTgvar wevrebs,
xmovanfuZianebTan ki imave funqcias isev fuZis auslautis
xmovani asrulebs.
17
mocemul SemTxvevaSi maerTebeli kavSiris gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT wovaTuSuri ena did Taviseburebas gviCvenebs
im mxrivac, rom aq aRniSnuli funqciis xmovani daerTvis yve-
la CamoTvlil erTgvar wevrs maSin, rodesac qarTulSi `da~
kavSiri CamoTvlilTagan yovelTvis ajgufebs mxolod bo-
lo or wevrs.
Sdr.:
a) wovaTuS.:
zurabđ, merabđ, abramđ, niklozđ naybisti bar `zurabi-
da, merabi-da, abrami-da, nikolozi-da megobrebi iy
vnen.~
b) qarT.:
zurabi-da, merabi-da, abrami-da da nikolozi-da
megobrebi iyvnen.
gvaqvs, magaliTad:
1. yalCRi ma×Jdarđ, kaltđ du×xkneTx (doxkineTx), Txu×nđ
baxnaTx `gudaSi mWadi-da, xaWo-da CaviyareT da wavediT~.
2. ambu× co ×ien×a ×aôovđ, vaôovđ vaSigé `ar ulaparakniaT
gogosa-da, biWsa-da erTmaneTSi~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 217)
3. Cuôđ, nčaõiôđ, lamuôđ, koxaxđ miCxmaõ côav÷ ×arasé `Sin-da,
gareT-da, mTaSi-da, barSi-da yvelgan marto viyavi.~
4. matenđ, arkenđ Ùori TefSmaq côāR dater `mwife-da, mkva-
xe-da vaSlebi TefSze erTad elaga.~
iseve, rogoc xmovanfuZian SemasmenlebTan, sxva saxis
xmovnfuZian erTgvar werebTanac majgufebeli àda~ kvSiris
funqias asrulebs sityvis auslautis nebismieri xmovani (a, e,
18
i, o, u), romelic aseT SemTxvevaSi ukve grZeli saxiT war-
mogvidgeba.
magaliTad:
1. petrã, ödræ, kimè, mixkè vaJar ba `petre-da, andro-da, ki-
mo-da, mixako-da Zmebi arian.~
2. ninè, katè, elnã, ilkè côa×n klase da `nino-da, kato-da,
elene-da, iliko-da erT klasSi arian.~
zemoT, erTgvar SemasmenlebTan mimarTebiT aRniSnuli
gansxvavebuli viTareba, kerZod, is garemoeba, rom `da~ kav-
Siris funqciis sufiqsi e CamoTvlilTagan aerTianebs mxo-
lod bolo or zmnas, gviandeli movlena Cans da qarTuli sa-
azrovno modelis gavleniT unda iyos Sepirobebuli. amas
gvafiqrebinebs is garemoeba, rom zogjer Semasmenlebis Sem-
TxvevaSic dasturdeba yvela erTgvar wevrze majgufebeli
kavSiris darTvis SemTxvevebi.
magaliTad:
1. filpes gu×mrel÷ Jabé nča×õ xecè, xi maĉdè, mødri daô
laxkè, daôđ xecé `filipe gomidan Zroxebs gamouSvebs-da,
wyals daalevinebs-da, mindorSi garekavs-da, gauSvebs.~
2. nodres gakviTli ôalé Ǥam×è, Jagnu× Cu doxkè CöTi, Sarnđ
vax÷ skoli `nodari gakveTilebs iswavlis-da, wignebs
CanTaSi Caalagebs-da, wava skolaSi.~
sirTules, romelic majgufebeli àda~ kavSiris ase
mijriT darTvas SeiZleboda mohyoloda mis warmoTqmasa Tu
mosmena-aRqmaSi, abaTilebs is garemoeba, rom es kavSiri mxo-
lod erTi bgeriT da isic swored xmovniT gadmoicema. mo-
19
cemul SemTxvevaSi viTareba analogiuria imisa, rac qarTul-
Si gvaqvs erTgvar wevrebze emfatikuri àa~ xmovnis darTvi-
sas (àqalsa, kacsa, didsa Tu pataras...~).
sagulisxmoa, rom zustad igive magaliTebi erTgvari
Semasmenlebisa paralelurad SeiZleba Segvxvdes mijriT mi-
yolebuli `da~ kavSiris gareSec, rac damaxasiaTebelia in-
terferentul procesTa ganviTarebis gardamavali periodi-
saTvis da qarTuli enis gavleniT aixsneba.
TanxmovanfuZian saxelebze darTuli a xmovani Tu xmo-
vanfuZiani saxelebis fuZis auslautis sxva romelime xmovani
`-c~ kavSiris funqciasac asrulebs. es xdeba maSin, rodesac
erTgvar wevrebs Soris moqceulia `da~-kavSiriani zmna.
magaliTad:
1. eTerđ qu×rwlex ×arã, ma×ramđ `eTeric qorwilSi iyo da
mariamic.~
2. dadđ Jex vawurã, voôđ `mamac cxvars dasdevda da biWic.~
wovaTuSur enaSi majgufebeli `Tu~ kavSiris funqcias
asrulebs or erTgvar wevrs Soris moqceuli kavSori le,
romelic sxva dros (CamoTvlis SemTxvevaSi) `an~ kavSiris
funqciiT gvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
1. staki le fstu×né, ya×ni le yonù – ćmaõ u×s dar `kaci Tu
qali, moxuci Tu axalgazrda – yvela iq iyo.~
2. deniôi le bu×su, Cuôi le nčaõi sogo Tivar co da `dRisiT
Tu RamiT, Sin Tu gareT me mosveneba ara maqvs.~
20
igive le kavSiri ukuTqmiT co `ar~ nawilakTan dakavSi-
rebuli (le co – le co `arc – arc~) majgufebeli kavSiris
funqcias iZens, xolo ma `nu~ nawilakTan (le ma – le ma `nurc
– nurc~) kavSirs gamoxatavs.
magaliTad:
1. ôocø le v÷ co maĉosã, le ma×Ù co Ùaîos `SenTan arc
Rvinos davlev da arc purs SevWam.~
2. le ma vaRora TxogoRdalé, le ma dčevora s÷ doka `nurc
Camoivlidi Cvenken, nurc momiklavdi guls~ (xalxuri). qarTuli `kidec – kidec~ kavSiris funqciiT gvxvdeba
misi zusti Sinaarsobrivi da funqciuri Sesatyvisi tyoõa –
tyoõa. misi SezRuduli gamoyeneba da zedmiwevniTi Sefar-
deba qarTul SesatyvisTan gvafiqrebinebs, rom qarTulis
gavleniT moxda aRniSnuli leqsikuri erTeulis amgvari ga-
daazreba. gvaqvs:
tyoõđ Ros saqæfoTã, tyoõđ vaxes `kidevac waval saqeifod-
da kidevac daviTvrebi.~
dRes, roca `wovaTuSuri qarTuli enis intensiuri ze-
gavleniT ukve idealuri bilingvizmis stadiaSia da bevrma
wovaTuSma qarTuli ukeT icis, vidre misi mSobliuri ena~, im-
ravla wyaro enidan ucvleli saxiT nasesxebma sxvadasxva tipis
leqsikam da maT Soris kavSirebmac (miqelaZe – 2008, 9). majgu-
febel kavSirTagan aseTia `kidec – kidec~. gvaqvs, magaliTad:
1. kidec Ǥamdosã, kidec muSebados `kidevac vswavlob da
kidevac vmuSaob.~
21
2. kidec nifsdos dã-bu×sa muSebadoSã, kidec ×đxölaTes
ÙeCèx RaziSx `kidevac gavasworeb dRe-Rames muSaobaSi
da kidevac vicxovreb sxvebze ukeT.~
wovaTuSuri enis Serwymul winadadebaSi calke jgufs
qmnian macalkevebeli kavSirebi:
a) sakuTari: mawy – mawy àxan – xan~, le – le àan – an~, leõeô –
leõeô àTund – Tund~.
b) qarTulidan nasesxebi: gød – gød, Túd – Túd.
kavSiri mawy – mawy àxan – xan~ aRniSnavs moqmedebis mo-
nacvleobas, rigrigobas droSi; magaliTad:
1. ma×kos mawy bawar ôerwor, mawy dčapor, mawy Cxødur dor
`maiko xan bawars arTavda, xan grexda, xan windas qsovda.~
2. maTx mawy daxkax Ǥeflar, mawy ×äfx×or `mze xan Rrublebs
efareboda, xan dedamiwas aTbobda.~
3. mixkos mawy RaziS Ǥamodé, mawy zarmacebala `mixako xan
kargad swavlobs, xan zarmacobs.~
CamoTvlil erTgvar wevrebTan le – le kavSiris gamo-
yenebis SemTxvevaSi sruli analogia gvaqvs qarTuli enis `an – an~ kavSiris funqciebTan. rogorc prof. l. kvaWaZe aRniS-
navs: `an – an (variantebiTurT) miuTiTebs, rom erTimeoris
gamomricxvel SesaZleblobaTagan Sesruldeba erT-erTi, an
arCevani unda gakeTdes erT-erTze, an kidev CamoTvlaa iseTi
sagnebisa Tu movlenebisa, romlebic ar gamoricxaven erTma-
neTs~ (kvaWaZe – 1966, 242). am mxriv analogiuri viTareba das-
turdeba wovaTuSurSic.
magaliTad:
22
1. le ôalé Tag×os is saqm, le Sarn vaëgas eser÷ `an gavake-
Teb mag saqmes, an gadavikargebi aqedan.~
2. stak le døCu×Slo vewå vagö, le davøCu×Slo `kaci an
cocxlebSi unda erios, an mkvdrebSi.~
3. le deS s÷, le mđm xaïogå sox `an damijere, an aRaraferi
mkiTxo.~
macalkevebeli kavSiri leõeô – leõeô srul analogias
gviCvenebs qarTuli enis `Tund – Tund~ kavSirTan etimolo-
giuradac da gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiTac.
magaliTad:
1. leõeô Cu včiõ Txocø, leõeô ôu×n Rob `Tund darCi CvenTan,
Tund wadi.~
2. leõeô fôeô xaõ vđxö, leõeô qaliqđ Tol×eb `Tund sofelSi
dasaxldi, Tund qalaqi (Tbilisi) irCie.~
3. leõeô taTbuv deÙđl sù val ilkos, leõeô naCxov `Tund
fuliT gadamixados ilikom vali, Tund yveliT.~
rogorc zeviT ukve aRvniSneT, orenovnebis bolo pe-
riodSi e. w. idealuri bilingvizmis periodSi wovaTuSur
enaSi sagrZnoblad imata qarTulidan yovelgvari bgeriTi
adaptaciis gareSe nasesxebi kavSirebis gamoyenebam. macalke-
vebel kavSirTagan aseTia: gød – gød, Túd – Túd.
magaliTad:
1. gød va×ReS aĉ sogé aĉu×nç, gød bu×nReS `gind Cvenebu-
rad miTxari saTqmeli, gind qarTulad.~
2. Tund ødur dčev ôaSin, Tund xinkal Ùexkdeb `Tund indau-
ri daukali stumrebs, Tund xinkali mouxarSe.~
23
sagulisxmoa, rom wovaTuSuri enis Serwymul winada-
debaSi gamoyenebuli mapirispirebeli kavSirebi erTianad
qarTulidanaa nasesxebi, gvaqvs:
mđ (`magram~), magram, xoloT (`xolo~, `ki~, `oRond~,
`Tumca~).
am jgufSi Semavali kavSirebi, rogorc wesi, erTmaneTs
upirispireben erTgvar wevrebs. dRes aRniSnuli kavSirebiT
agebuli Serwymuli winadadeba rafinirebul saxes atarebs
wovaTuSurSi da wyobis srul analogias gviCvenebs qarTul-
Tan.
CamoTvlil mapirispirebel kavSirTagan yvelaze farTo
gamoyenebaSia kavSiri mđ, gvaqvs:
1. lamzur, mđ doklak adm÷ da Tin `lamazi, magram braziani
adamiania Tina.~
2. niklzen taTeb sesxbadinas, mđ nanbadinas `nikolozs fuli
vasesxe, magram vinane.~
3. qu×rwlex Rès, mđ leTxö co vaRos `qorwilSi waval, mag-
ram ar vicekveb.~
interferentuli procesebis gaaqtiurebasTan dakav-
SirebiT kavSiri `magram~ ukve ucvleli saxiT damkvidrda
axalgazrda wovaTuSTa metyvelebaSi. gvaqvs, magaliTad:
1. su×mö bax levvor, magram zora×Sç wuwk `simoni mdidari
yofiliyo, magram Zalian wuwki.~
2. ma×rmes duÙ muSebado, magram xelfas kawkù evobé `maria-
mi bevrs muSaobs, magram xelfass mcires iRebs.~
24
3. baíwø, magram lamzur bu×sđ laíer alni `umTvaro, magram
lamazi Rame idga alvanSi.~
iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, erTgvar wevrTa dapirispi-
rebis gaZlierebis mizniT `magram~ kavSirs wovaTuSurSic
xSirad axlavs nawilaki `mainc~.
magaliTad:
1. duÙ cad×a×lnas, magram mainc ma×rmegé saø Razol co
×ago×makø sù `bevri vecade, magram mariams mainc ver dava-
naxe Cemi sikeTe.~
2. dã-bu×sđ nifsdos, magram baTxax maøc co Teblmak sù `dRe-Rames (dResa da Rames) vasworeb, magram saqmes mainc
ver verevi.~
qarTuli mapirispirebeli kavSiri `xolo~ wovaTuSur-
Si xoloT saxiT gvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
1. la×tnas Tinen bádri daÙdoS, xoloT bolos nanbadinas
`vuSvele Tinas Svilebs gazrda, xolo bolos vinane.~
2. taTeb sesxbadeb sù, xoloT procent ma ×aÙé sogo `fuli
masesxe, xolo procents nu gamomarTmev.~
sakmaod produqtiulia Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi
qarTulidan nasesxebi kavSiri oRùd. misi gamoyenebis areali
savsebiT emTxveva qarTulSi arsebul viTarebas. magaliTad:
1. lapwaT ezo, oRùd vaSin mđm lawdoT `iTamaSeT ezoSi,
oRond erTmaneTs araferi atkinoT.~
2. Ĉnã leõ Sú, doxk-ecaT, oRùd ÙeCgo mđm daÙoT `rac gin-
daT, gayid-iyideT, oRond sxvas araferi waarTvaT.~
25
aseve Tavisufal sityvaTmimoqcevaSia am enaSi nasesxebi
mapirispirebeli kavSiri `ki~, magaliTad:
1. v÷ oStiõ qocu×đ doíaT, WaW ki boWki ÙasaT `Rvino isev
qvevrSi CaasxiT, WaWa ki kasrSi CayareT.~
2. Tamros naCxé dakø kotriđ ×aíø, qerq ki qoTminđ Teĉø `Ta-
marma yvelis gulisgan xaWapurebi gamoacxo, qerqi ki qaT-
mebs aWama.~
§5. erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadeba
erTgvarqvemdebariania Serwymuli winadadeba, sadac
erT SemasmenelTan ori an meti qvemdebarea Sewyobili.
SemasmenelTan Sewyobil erTgvar qvemdebareebs qar-
TulSi brunvis forma erTi aqvs yovelTvis, wovaTuSurSi ki
am mxriv sakiTxi sakmaod rTulad dgas. mocemul sakiTxSi
wovaTuSuri ena orgvar viTarebas gviCvenebs:
I. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmniT gamoxatul SemasmenelTan
Sewyobili nebismieri metyvelebis nawiliT gadmocemuli qvem-
debare samive seriis formebTan moTxrobiT brunvaSi dgas. es
garemoeba dRes wovaTuSuri enis Taviseburebad ikveTeba, mag-
ram sagulisxmoa, rom ganviTarebis adrindel etapze qarTuli
enis gardamavali zmnac qvemdebares dro-kiloTa yvela seriaSi
ergatiul brunvaSi moiTxovda da nominatiuri konstruqcia
mas saerTod ar moepoveboda (Ciqobava, 1948 – 128).
aRniSnuli mizeziT, gardamaval zmna-SemasmenelTan
Sewyobil qvemdebareebs brunvis forma yovelTvis erTi aqvT
moTxrobiTi. magaliTad:
26
1. ninosđ, ma×rmesđ simød ToÙnado `nino(m) da mariam(ma) si-
minds Toxnian.~
2. asđ, aôđ Sinvaõ ×aóù saqm Tag×i÷ va× `me (moTx.) da Sen
(moTx.) orivem didi saqme gavakeTeT.~1
3. asđ, Sa×lkosđ, mixkosđ Txa Ùav da×cnaTx `me (moTx.), Sali-
kom da mixakom dRes yana movmkiT.~
II. erTgvari qvemdebareebis brunvis sakiTxSi gansxvave-
buli mdgomareoba gvaqvs, roca Semasmeneli gardauvali
zmniTaa gamoxatuli. gardauvali zmniT gadmocemul Semas-
menelTan qvemdebaris brunva gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT, aq-
tiurad aris am SemTxvevaSi gaazrebuli moqmedi piri Tu pa-
siurad. pasiurad gaazrebis SemTxvevaSi qvemdebare saxelo-
biT brunvaSi dgas, imave zmnis aqtiurad gaazrebis SemTxveva-
Si ki sakiTxi wydeba imis mixedviT, Tu romeli metyvelebis
nawiliTaa gadmocemuli qvemdebare; arsebiTi saxeliT gamo-
xatuli qvemdebare saxelobiTi brunvis formiT Seewyoba
gardauval zmna-Semasmenels, nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatvisas ki
I-II piris formebTan moTxrobiTSia, III piris formebTan – saxe-
lobiTSi.2
aqtiuroba-pasiurobis mixedviT gardauvali zmnebis
qvemdebareTa aseTi dapirispireba Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri
enis didi Taviseburebaa da mas iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa
ojaxis yvela sxva wevri enisagan gamoarCevs. es viTareba wo-
1 wovaTuSurSi I da II piris nacvalsaxelebi ibrunvis. 2 mocemul sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ix.: m. miqelaZe, Tanamedrove wo-
vaTuSuri enis martivi winadadebis sintaqsi, Tbilisi, 2015, 66-69.
27
vaTuSuri enis gviandeli damoukidebeli ganviTarebis Sede-
gi Cans.
aRniSnulis gamo, gardauval zmna-Semasmenlian Ser-
wymul winadadebaSi konkretuli viTarebis mixedviT er-
Tgvari qvemdebareebi xan erTsa da imave brunvaSi Segvxvdeba,
xan ki xsvadasxva brunvaSi. magaliTebad TvalsaCinoebisaTvis
warmovadgenT erTgvarqvemdebariani gardauvali zmna-Semas-
menlis Semcveli erTi da imave Serwymuli winadadebis saTa-
nado konkretul variantebs, gvaqvs:
I. erTgvari qvemdebareebi erTsa da imave brunvaSi.
a) saxelobiT brunvaSi (moqmedeba pasiuradaa gaazrebu-
li):
1. sè, ôè buCqilo Cu laWybalir `me (sax.) da Sen (sax.)
buCqebSi CavimaleT.~
2. sè, ôè ormu× bekir `me (sax.) da Sen (sax.) ormoSi
CavcvivdiT.~
b) moTxrobiT brunvaSi (igive moqmedeba aqtiuradaa ga-
azrebuli):
1. asđ, aôđ buCqilo Cu laWybalir `me (moTx.) da
Sen (moTx.) buCqebSi CavimaleT.~
2. asđ, aôđ ormu× bekir `me (moTx.) da Sen (moTx.) ormoSi Cav-
cvivdiT.~
II. erTgvari qvemdebareebi sxvadasxva brunvaSi.
1. asđ, aôđ, oôđ burxilo laWybalir `me (moTx.), Sen (moTx.) da
is (sax.) buCqebSi CavimaleT.~
28
2. asđ, nikè, abrmã buCqilo Cu laWybalir `me (moTx.), niko (sax.) da abrami (sax.) buCqebSi CavimaleT.~
erTgvar qvemdebareebs ricxvis forma erTnairi aqvT an
axvadasxvagvari, magaliTad:
a) erTgvari qvemdebareebi mxolobiTSia:
donđ, bayè côāR daJer `cxeni da kvici erTad
Zovdnen.~
b) erTgvari qvemdebareebi mravlobiTSia:
Stolmaq Jagnu×đ, rvivliđ, Jurnaliđ dater
`magidaze wignebi, rveulebi da Jurnalebi elaga.~
g) erTgvar qvemdebareTagan zogi mravlobiTSia, zogi
mxolobiTSi:
xenmaq ÙaÙerCđ, WivWiđ, mercxlaõè Ǥedaxker `xeze
mtredebi, beRurebi da mercxali isxdnen.~
wovaTuSur enaSi qarTulTan SedarebiT Taviseburad
dgas erTgvar qvemdebareebTan Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTan-
xmebis sakiTxic. mocemuli sakiTxis kvlevisas gasaTvaliswi-
nebelia is garemoeba, rom zmnasTan Sewyobil pirTa gamoxat-
vis TvalsazrisiT dRes am enaSi erTdroulad moqmedebs ori
morfologiuri sistema: sakuTari (klasniSniani) da qarTu-
lidan nasesxebi (pirisniSniani).
pirTa gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT wovaTuSuri enis saku-
Tari morfologiuri sistema zmnebs yofs or did jgufad,
gvaqvs uklasniSno da klasniSniani zmnebi. uklasniSno zmneb-
Si pirTa gamoxatva saerTod ar xdeba, klasniSnian zmnebSi ki
moqmedebs pirTa gamoxatvis konkretuli sistema, romlis mi-
29
xedviTac gardamaval zmnebSi gamoixateba mxolod pirdapiri
obieqti, gardauval zmnebSi ki mxolod subieqti.
dRes, idealuri bilingvizmis pirobebSi, zmnis pirTa
gamoxatvis sakuTari sistemis gverdiT wovaTuSurSi aqtua-
lurad amoqmedda imave morfologiur odenobaTa gamoxat-
vis qarTuli modeli – klasis kategoriis gverdiT gaCnda
zmnis piris kategoria.
uklasniSno zmnebSi es martivad moxda, zmnis pirisa da
ricxvis niSnebma aq e. w. Tavisufali adgilebi daikaves, klas-
niSnian zmnebSi ki axali, rTuli sistema SemuSavda, moxda
klasniSnebiT da piris niSnebiT erTi da imave pirTa ormagi
gamoxatva.
msjelobas ganvagrZobT uklasniSno zmnebiT. aseTi
zmnis Semcvel erTgvarqvemdebareebian Serwymul winadade-
baSi Semasmeneli neitraluri rCeba qvemdebareebis ricxvis
mimarT. Sdr.:
a) nikè, vanè, Tinđ sögo la×pwç `niko, vano da Tina
ezoSi TamaSobs (TamaSoben).~
b) niké ezo la×pwç `niko ezoSi TamaSobs.~
la×pwç uklasniSno zmnaa; rogorc magaliTebidan vxe-
davT, qvemdebareebis ricxvis cvlam mis formaze ar imoqmeda.
am enis sakuTari sistemis mixedviT klasniSnian zmnebSi
warmodgenili klasniSani gamoxatavs rogorc saxelis
klass, ise ricxvs. samoqmedo areali klasniSnebisa mkacrad
aris reglamentirebuli: gardauval zmnebTan igi gamoxatavs
30
mxolod qvemdebares, gardamaval zmnebTan ki mxolod pirda-
pir obieqts.
rogorc vxdedavT, klasniSnis SemTxvevaSi gamouxatavi
rCeba:
a) gardauval zmnebTan iribi obieqti;
b) gardamaval zmnebTan ki subieqti da iribi obieqti.
aqedan gamomdinare, gardauval klasniSnian zmnaSi kla-
sic gamoixateba subieqtisa da ricxvic, gardamaval klasniS-
nian zmnaSi ki arc klasi gamoixateba subieqtisa da arc ric-
xvi.
aRniSnuli viTareba, cxadia, Tavs iCens erTgvar qvemde-
bareebTan Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxSi. kerZod:
a) gardauvali klasniSniani zmna-Semasmeneli erTgvar
qvemdebareebs yovelTvis uTanxmdeba ricxvSi da, gansxvave-
biT qarTulisagan, ara aqvs mniSvneloba qvemdebareebi suli-
eri sagnis saxelebia Tu usulosi.
magaliTad:
1. s÷ dadđ, biZđ buôex bar `mamaCemi da biZaCemi (mamis
Zma) omSi iyvnen.~
2. s÷ ×aSè, vaSè qu×rwlex côaR dètur `Cemi da da Zma
qorwilSi erTad midiodnen.~
3. Jagnu×a, rvivlia Stolmaq côāR dater `wignebi,
rveulebi magidaze erTad eyarnen (elaga).~
b) klasniSniani gardamavali zmna-Semasmeneli erTgvar
qvemdebareebs ricxvSi ar uTanxmdeba, arc klasi aRiniSneba
31
maTi. ara aqvs am mxriv mniSvneloba, sulieri sagnis saxelebia
qvemdebareebi Tu usulosi:
1. ilkosđ, ivnesđ mødre Jabé baJobé `iliko da ivane
mindorSi cxvars aZovebs (aZoveben).~
2. Tinkosđ, baTasđ Cxødri defcé `Tiniko da baTa
windebs qsovs (qsoven).~3
zmnasTan Sewyobil saxelTa gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT
wovaTuSur enaSi mdgomareoba, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ram-
denadme Taviseburia: erTi da igive klasis niSani erTnairad
gamoxatavs rogorc gardauval, ise gardamaval zmnebTan
Sewyobili yvelanairi piris klassac da ricxvsac, maSin ro-
desac qarTulSi subieqtur pirs Tavisi niSnebi aqvs, obieq-
turs Tavisi. am or sistemas Soris gansxvaveba gvaqvs im mxri-
vac, rom ricxvTan erTad klasniSani sagnis socialur Rire-
bulebas gamoxatavs, piris niSani ki imave sagnis romlobas.
mdgomareobas arTulebs is garemoeba, rom zmnis pirTa
gamoxatvis axali, qarTuliseburi, sistema jer kidev araa
bolomde damkvidrebuli wovaTuSurSi. da jerjerobiT is
mxolod paralelur gamoyenebaSia adgilobrivTan. aRniSnu-
li mizeziT xan mxolod sakuTriv wovaTuSuri sistemaa pirTa
gamoxatvisa CarTuli metyvelebis procesSi, xan ki erTdro-
ulad funqcionirebs orive sistema: sakuTaric da nasesxe-
bic.
3 Targmani Semasmenlisa, cxadia, pirobiTia, radgan mocemuli
morfologiuri sistemiT arc piri gamoixateba qvemdebarisa
gardamaval zmnaSi da arc ricxvi.
32
aRniSnuli ori sistemis erTdrouli gamoyenebisas Ta-
viseburi viTareba iqmneba am enis zmna-SemasmenelSi, radgan
xdeba saorientacio pirTa ormagi aRniSvna. am movlenas, ro-
gorc mosalodneli iyo, adgili aqvs gardamavali zmnis pir-
dapiri obieqtis gamoxatvisas da gardauvali zmnis subieq-
turi piris gamoxatvisas. imis gamo, rom amjerad Cven er-
Tgvarqvemdebarian Serwymul winadadebas vikvlevT, dawvri-
lebiT warmovadgenT mxolod wovaTuSuri enis gardauvali
zmnis axal morfologiur models.
gardauval zmnaSi axali sistemiT erTsa da imave dros
klasniSani subieqtis klass, anu socialur Rirebulebas da
ricxvs aRniSnavs, piris niSniT ki isev imave subieqtis rom-
loba da ricxvi gamoixateba, ris Sedegadac sintaqsuri ple-
onazmis iSviaTi da saintereso SemTxveva gveZleva.4
magaliTad:
1. asđ, T÷dorđ ôúîé bu×taTx `me da Tevdore tyeSi
mivdivarT.~
warmodgenil zmnaSi (b-u×t-aTx) TavsarTi b- klasniSa-
nia, mamakacis klasisa mravlobiT ricxvSi, sufiqsi -aTx ki
aRniSnavs pirvel pirsa da mis mravlobiTobas isev.
2. ôè, ô÷ fstuđ yonSi da×Sì `Sen da Seni coli
axalgazrdebi xarT.~
3. aôđ, Tamrè qalqi daxæS `Sen da Tamari qalaqSi
(TbilisSi) cxovrobT.~
4 mocemul sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ix.: miqelaZe 2013 – 20-23.
33
magaliTebis zusti Targmani ver xerxdeba maTi speci-
fikurobis gamo da TvalsaCinoebisaTvis SemasmenelSi para-
lelurad warmodgenili klasisa da piris niSnebis gamocal-
kevebiT vkmayofildebiT.
sagangebod unda aRvniSnoT, rom wovaTuSurma mxolod
sistema isesxa qarTulidan pirTa gamoxatvisa, xolo rac Se-
exeba piris niSnebs, isini sakuTari piris nacvalsaxelTa fu-
Zeebidan awarmova.
pirTa gamoxatvis imave nasesxebi sistemiT sargeblobi-
sas qarTulis sruli analogia gvaqvs ukve erTgvarqvemdeba-
rian Serwymul winadadebaSi, sadac amjerad nebismieri gva-
ris zmnaSi sagangebo sufiqsebiT gamoixateba qvemdebaris pi-
ri da ricxvi.
magaliTad:
1. asđ, Tinasđ, ma×kosđ fsare keW ×iínaTx `me, Tinam da
maikom guSin matyli gavrecxeT.~
2. aôđ, ivrmesđ Je macö larku×S? `Sen da iorami cxvars
rodis gaparsavT?~
mocemul magaliTebSi sufiqsi -Tx gamoxatavs pirvel
subieqtur pirsa da mis mravlobiTobas, xolo sufiqsi -×S
miuTiTebs imaves meore subieqtur pirTan mimarTebiT.
erTgvar qvemdebareebs Serwyml winadadebaSi SeiZleba
axldes, an ar axldes amxsneli anu mimyoli sityvebi. dastur-
deba sami saTanado SemTxveva:
I. yvela erTgvari qvemdebare gauvrcobelia:
se droô maxkarvđ, knaTivđ bed-bed klase Ǥamdor `Cem
34
dros gogoebi da biWebi cal-calke klasSi
swavlobdnen.~
II. yvela erTgvar qvemdebares cal-calke axlavs Tavisi
amxsneli sityva:
se kawkxu×Cé ×aôovđ, ôe qu×rTxiCé vaôovđ côa×nç
klase Ǥamodé `Cemi umcrosi gogo da Seni ufrosi
biWi erT klasSi swavloben.~
III. erTgvar qvemdebareTagan zogi gavrcobilia, zogi
gauvrcobeli:
naya ivsebđ, ô÷ kawkuvx ×oôđ bčardax÷ sù `gzaSi
iosebi da Seni umcrosi gogona Semxvdnen.~
erTgvar qvemdebareebs xSirad axlavs saerTo daqvem-
debarebuli sityvebi, rac ufro mWidros xdis winadadebis
sintaqsur konstruqcias.
magaliTad:
1. va× bádrivđ, báderbádrivđ vaø masTxu× co
gaxarbadaliTé `Cveni Svilebi da SviliSvilebi Cvens
mtrebs ar gaaxareben.~
2. duÙiCnair Worđ, marTalđ aĉdalø sox naxlo
`bevrnairi Wori da marTali iTqva Cemze xalxSi.~
pirvel winadadebaSi erTgvari qvemdebareebis saerTo
gansazRvrebaa vaø `Cveni~, meoreSi ki - duÙiCnair `bevrnairi~.
Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvari qvemdebareebisa da
Semasmenlis Tanamimdevroba araa myari. Cveulebrivia, anu
gavrcelebulia aRniSnul wevrTa orgvari wyoba:
a) Semasmeneli uswrebs erTgvar qvemdebareebs.
35
1. xigé dotur gæ Tangbi Ùoxkiné ilsè, midkè
`wyalze midiodnen zurgze Tungebakidebulebi
mediko da eliso.~
2. Cxødri doS ene Ǥedaxker ta×sđ, baTđ `windebis
qsoviT CrdilSi isxdnen tasia da baTa.~
b) Semasmeneli mosdevs erTgvar qvemdebareebs:
1. daóonđ, kawkonđ, ya×nđ, yononđ dRevbax dotur
`didi da patara, moxuci da axalgazrda dReobaSi
midioda (midiodnen).~
2. krebax universitete leqtriđ, studentiđ
swrobalar `krebas universitetSi leqtorebi da
studentebi eswrebodnen.~
zogjer Semasmeneli erTgvar wevrebs Sorisac Seg-
vxvdeba, magaliTad:
1. Txabus Tamarè qu×rwlex ×arã, iaTamzã `wuxel
Tamaric qorwilSi iyo da iaTamzec.~
2. i Jagné asđ ôalé xa×ïnasã, se ×aSasđ `es wigni mec
wavikiTxe da Cemma damac.~
§6. erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadeba
erTgvarSemasmenliania winadadeba, sadac erT qvemde-
baresTan Sewyobilia ori an meti Semasmeneli. wovaTuSurSi
iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, gvaqvs ori saxis Semasmeneli: mar-
tivi da Sedgenili.
36
erT saerTo qvemdebaresTan Sewyobili Semasmenlebis
xasiaTis mixedviT samgvari viTareba dasturdeba am enaSi:
I. qvemdebares axlavs ramdenime martivi Semasmeneli.
1. nikos Jagnu× xeïorã, konspeqti werad×or `niko
wignebs kiTxulobda da konspeqtebs werda.~
2. ×aÙ×aliné alzö kalpotr÷ so×otenå, naTesi
datborad×i÷ `adidebuli alazani kalapotidan
gadmovida da naTesebi datbora.~
b) winadadeba Serwymulia Sedgenili Semasmenlebis sa-
xeladi nawilebis mixedviT.
1. winus Tagu×nç ×ar, lamzurã ×ewla×nç `patarZali
moxdenili iyo, lamazi da sayvareli.~
2. Tivoíené, baíirenã, lamzur ×ar ×axené bu×sđ
`mSvidi, mTvariani da lamazi iyo gasuli Rame.~
g) erTgvari Semasmenlebidan zogi martivia, zogi Sed-
genili:
1. Tin gaxarbad×a×lné ×ar, moÙ borã, leTxö ixor
`Tina gaxarebuli iyo, mReroda da cekvavda.
2. buxar köZbđx bar ôeïbienoã, CamliS RuRnebalar
`buxari kunZebiT iyo gamotenili-da saamurad
RuRunebda.~
erTgvarSemasmenlebian Serwymul winadadebaSi qvemde-
bare SeiZleba gamotovebuli iyos da igulisxmebodes wina
naTqvamisa Tu zmnis formis mixedviT.
magaliTad:
1. se vaSé qu×rwlex moÙđ binas, leTxanđ ixnasã,
37
garmonđ Tifxnas `Cemi Zmis qorwilSi vimRere kidec,
vicekve kidec da garmonic davukari.~
2. co Tivur, duÙ ambu× ×orã, nax qoídor `ar
isvenebda, bevrs laparakobda da xalxs awuxebda.~
qvemdebarisa da erTgvari Semasmelebis wyoba ramde-
nadme Tavisufalia. dasturdeba sami SemTxveva:
I. qvemdebares mosdevs erTgvari Semasmelebi. es yvela-
ze ufro gavrcelebuli wyobaa.
1. wkipos lekigo daô daxiné maxkar dux diknoer, Su×
dadin daôđ darigbadinor `wkipos (cnobili TuSi
gmiris saxelia) lekebisTvis warTmeuli gogoebi
ukan wamoeyvana da TavianTi mSoblebisTvis
daerigebina.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)
2. haõe, wkipos o Sa×rç ×aóu×Cé aSarv ÙeĊĉboralé
masTxu×, daô bnevadboralé `hoda, wkipo im Tavisi
didi xmiT aSinebda mters, abnevda.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –
297)
II. qvemdebares uswrebs erTgvari Semasmenlebi:
1. Ù÷, qu×rwlegodolø, winus Cu Tiv×or, Cu ×iS×or
fexlaíres `mere, qorwilis mere, patarZals
asvenebda, aZinebda xelismomkide.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –
254)
2. côa×nç deni venaÙđ ôalé dabarod×ienã, dosđ daô
qekdi÷ elizbres `erT dReSi venaxic dabara da
SeSac daCexa elizbarma.~
III. qvemdebare erTgvar Semasmenlebs Sorisaa.
38
1. cuRlutbalar levö, usaqmoT lelvater fôeô
`cuRlutobda levani, usaqmod daexeteboda
sofelSi.~
2. wa Seglbadi÷ Txa ninosã, matr Tagdi÷ `saxli
daalaga dRes ninom da sadili gaakeTa.~
erTgvari Semasmenlebi qvemdebares erTsa da imave
brunvaSi moiTxoven, an sxvadasxvaSi. erTsa da imave brunvaSi
– moTxrobiTSi – moiTxoven qvemdebares moqmedebiTi gvaris
nebismieri seriis formiT warmodgenili zmna-Semasmenlebi.
maTTan qvemdebare yovelTvis moTxrobiT brunvaSia.
magaliTad:
1. niklzes Je daô doxkinå, wa ecé `nikolozma cxvari
gayida da saxls iyidis.~
2. ninos daò÷ weril daweradienå, daôđ
daôiT÷ qaliq vaSen `ninom grZeli werili dawera da
gaugzavna TbilisSi Zmas.~
rogorc wina paragrafSi ukve aRvniSneT, sakmaod rTu-
lad dgas am enaSi qvemdebaris brunvis sakiTxi, roca zmna-Se-
masmeneli vnebiTi an saSualo gvarisaa. aq ukve qvemdebaris
brunva SeiZleba iyos moTxrobiTi an saxelobiTi imis mixed-
viT, arsebiTi saxeliTaa qvemdebare gadmocemuli Tu nacval-
saxeliT; mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, romeli piris formiTaa
qvemdebare gadmocemuli da rogor aris misi moqmedeba ga-
azrebuli: aqtiurad Tu pasiurad.
aRniSnulis mixedviT, Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvari
gardauvali zmna-Semasmenlebis sami kombinacia fiqsirdeba:
39
I. yvela gardauvali Semasmeneli saerTo qvemdebares
saxelobiT brunvaSi moiTxovs.
1. SoTa deûcôđõ bádrilo lapwinã, RaziS
garTobadvalø `SoTam (sax.) mTeli dRe bavSvebSi
iTamaSa da kargad gaerTo.~
2. s÷ nan lawiS ×aã, maíe ×iSì `dedaCemi (sax.) avadaa da
loginSi wevs.~
II. yvela gardauvali Semasmeneli qvemdebares moTxro-
biT brunvaSi moiTxovs.
1. as Saremaq laírasã, dot-daRCu×Sgé vaglaras `me
(moTx.) quCaSi videqi da gamvlel-gamomvlels
venaxvebodi.~
2. aô buCqilo ǤevaReôã, naxgo leWylaô `Sen
(moTx.) buCqebSi zixar da xalxs emalebi.~
III. gardauvali zmna-Semasmenlebi qvemdebares sxvadas-
xva brunvaSi (saxelobiTSi da moTxrobiTSi) moiTxoven. aseT
SemTxvevaSi qvemdebare uaxloes Semasmenels uwevs angariSs
brunvaSi.
magaliTad:
1. mowafi mu×S qcevalar gakveTilmaq, ambu× ×or,
uCitlegé lark co Ǥefor `moswavleebi cudad
iqceodnen gakveTilze, laparakobdnen,
maswavlebels yurs ar ugdebdnen.~
mocemuli magaliTis pirveli Semasmeneli saxelobiTSi
moiTxovs qvemdebares, meore da mesame Semasmenlebi ki moT-
xrobiTSi. saerTo qvemdebare saxelobiTSia.
40
2. bádrev qok lawbienå, daTxeS laíer `bavSvma fexi
itkina da tiriliT idga.~
mocemul SemTxvevaSi pirveli Semasmeneli moTxrobiT-
Si moiTxovs qvemdebares, meore ki saxelobiTSi. saerTo qvem-
debare moTxrobiTSia.
3. ôawuk benr÷ ôalé eóinå, pčani ×arJ×ienå, Sarnđ
gafrenadalø `Citi budidan amoxta, frTebi gaSala-
da gafrinda.~
amjerad pirveli Semasmeneli saxelobiTSi moixovs
qvemdebares, meore – moTxrobiTSi, mesame Semasmeneli – isev
saxelobiTSi. maTi saerTo qvemdebare saxelobiTSia.
erTgvari Semasmenlebi Cveulebriv erTi da imave mwkri-
vis formiTaa gadmocemuli.
magaliTad:
1. as mawy simød ToÙnados, mawy Ùav dacos, mawy venaÙ
leô×osã, qaniz ôeWyos `me xan siminds vToxni, xan
yanas vmki, xan venaxs vkref da yurZens vwurav.~
2. samuSaëmaqr÷ veõ÷Cé povles sani Cu daketadi÷, Cu
viSenå, Cê Tu×ôvis÷ `samuSaodan mosulma pavlem
karebi Caketa, dawva da daiZina.~
3. yivlev qoívi÷Cé ivnes ojax Cu ×iTnoer, samuSaoT
TurqiTđ vaxnor `siRaribiT Sewuxebul ivanes ojaxi
daetovebina da samuSaod TurqeTSi wasuliyo.~
zogjer erTgvari Semasmenlebi sxvadasxva mwkrivis
formiTaa gadmocemuli. magaliTad:
1. ôaSiv fôor Ùaîinå, maspinZlđx mSvidbalaã, Su×n
41
du×tì `stumrebma ivaxSmes da, maspinZlebs
emSvidobebian da midian.~
2. Tamros báder ayvanadinè, samsaëxren mayé baĉøCov,
o gagodé `Tamars bavSvi auyvania (uSvilebia) da,
samsaxurisTvis Tavdanebebuli, imas inaxavs.~
§7. erTgvarpirdapirdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba
erTgvaria pirdapiri damatebebi, romlebic erTsa da
imave Semasmenels Seewyoba. SevadaroT erTmaneTs ori wina-
dadeba:
1. ôaSev sani Cu dienå, maspinZelđ mokiTxodi÷
`stumarma karebi SeǩmoǪaRo da maspinZeli moikiTxa.~
2. maspinZles ôaSen balđ, atamđ daôø ôaTx `maspinZelma
stumars bali da atami miarTva.~
pirvel winadadebaSi ori pirdapiri damateba gvaqvs: ka-
rebi da maspinZeli, magram es winadadeba ar warmoadgens pir-
dapirdamatebian Serwymuls, radgan es damatebebi sxvadasxva
Semasmenels ukavSirdeba. es winadadeba erTgvar Semasmenli-
ani Serwymulia. meore winadadebaSi isev ori pirdapiri dama-
teba gvaqvs: atami, vaSli. amjerad ukve pirdapiri damatebebi
erTsa da imave Semasmenels ukavSirdeba, ris gamoc es pirda-
piri damatebebi erTgvaria, winadadeba ki Serwymuli, pirda-
pirdamatebiani.
wovaTuSur enaSi pirdapiri damateba Semasmenlis ne-
bismieri seriis formasTan brunvas ar icvlis da saxelobiT-
42
Si dgas. amitom erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi yovelTvis
erTsa da imave brunvaSi – saxelobiTSia warmodgenili. maga-
liTad:
1. as maRazie Jagnu×đ, rvivliđ, kalmiđ
evdos `me (moTx.) maRaziaSi wignebs (sax.) da,
rveulebs (sax.) da kalmebs (sax.) vyidulob.~
2. cenex qoTmiđ, fxakliđ gamravlbadinas `wels
qaTmebi (sax.) da, kurdRlebi (sax.) gavamravle.~
3. dabadeb denix biZis tardđ, saaTđ (sax.) icnor
sù `dabadebis dRisTvis biZas (mamis Zmas) beWedi
(sax.) da saaTi (sax.) eyida CemTvis.~
SemasmenelSi erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebis ricxvis
gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod rTuli mdgomareoba
gvaqvs Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi. am mxriv viTareba gansxva-
vebulia klasniSniansa da uklasniSno zmnebSi, amitom maT
cal-calke ganvixilavT.
klasniSnian zmnebSi erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebis
ricxvi yovelTvis gamoixateba. sakuTari morfologiuri
sistemiT sargeblobisas es klasniSniT xdeba erTjeradad,
xolo axali wovaTuSur-qarTuli najvari sistemis gamoye-
nebisas pirdapiri obieqtis ricxvis ormagi gamoxatva gvaqvs:
klasniSniT da piris niSniT.
Sdr.:
a) sakuTari sistemiT:
sè, vanè dadas dalé laëmr÷ `me da vanos mama
Camogviyvans (CamovyavarT) mTidan.~
43
b) najvari sistemiT:
sè, vanè dadas daloTxé laëmr÷ `me da vanos mama
Camogviyvans (CamovyavarT) mTidan.~
pirvel magaliTSi pirdapiri damatebebis ricxvi Semas-
menelSi gamoxatulia mxolod d klasniSniT, meore magaliT-
Si ki imave pirebis ricxvs gamoxatavs cal-calke: klasniSani
d da pirisa da ricxvis niSani (sufiqsi) -Txé.
uklasniSno SemasmenelSi sakuTari, wovaTuSuri, sis-
temiT sargeblobisas pirdapiri damatebis ricxvi saerTod
ar gamoixateba, najvari sitemiT sargeblobisas ki imas ake-
Tebs piris niSani. Sdr.:
a) sakuTari sistemiT:
wøCé mTavrbas sè, katè samsaëxrel÷ Su×n xecø
`axalma mTavrobam me da kato samsaxuridan gagviSva.
b) najvari sistemiT:
wøCé mTavrbas sè, katè samsaëxrel÷ Su×n xecøTxé
`axalma mTavrobam me da kato samsaxuridan gagviSva.
pirveli magaliTis zmnaSi arc piria pirdapiri obieqti-
sa gamoxatuli, arc ricxvi, meore magaliTSi ki imave Semas-
menelze darTuli sufiqsi -Txé pirsac gamoxatavs pirdapiri
obieqtisas da ricxvsac.
erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi uswreben Semasmenels
an mosdeven mas.
magaliTad:
a) erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi uswreben Semasme-
nels:
44
1. aÙsbina×né winç kabđ, mödilđ icnas `aRdgomisTvis
axali kaba da TavSali viyide.~
2. adam alvaneles RazivxuW maÙiSđ, poemiđ werador
`adam alvaneli (uniWieresi TuSi poetia) saukeTeso
leqsebsa da poemebs werda.~
b) erTgvari pirdapiri damatebebi mosdeven Semasme-
nels:
1. naybistes Cuqbadi÷ sù duxđ, kabdilđ `megobarma
maCuqa sunamo da sakabe.~
2. petres mødri laxkø Jabè, asiđ `petrem mindorSi
gareka Zroxebi da boColebi.~
gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca erTgvar pirdapir da-
matebaTagan zogi uswrebs Semasmenels, zogi ki mosdevs.
magaliTad:
1. sufrenmaq Ca× deõ÷, namcxvarã, xil-xuli `sufraze
Cai moitanes, namcxvari da xileuli.~
2. mowafin skole saxelmZRvanelu× Cuqbadi÷,
rvivliã, kalmi `moswavleebs skolaSi
saxelmZRvaneloebi aCuqes, rveulebi da kalmebi.~
Semasmenelsa da erTgvar pirdapir damatebebs Soris
xSirad Camdgaria sxva wevrebi.
magaliTad:
1. winiS divené kitrđ, pamidorđ, wiwakđ Txabus
yargodolø laq×aløCé Roruv erTna×raT Tö
da×ônor `axlad darguli kitri, pomidori da wiwaka
wuxel wvimis Semdeg movardnil Rvars erTianad
45
gaenadgurebina.~
2. iarmuki dikené Cu×xđ, asđ ivrmes
fsarlomcø nast daô doxkø `bazarSi wayvanili xbo
da batkani ioramma saRamomde Zlivs gayida.~
§8. erTgvariribdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba
erTgvariribdamatebiania Serwymuli winadadeba, sadac
erT Semasmenels axlavs ramdenime iribi damateba. wovaTuSu-
ri enis zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi, rogorc mosalod-
neli iyo, aqtiurad funqcionirebs erTgvar iribdamatebiani
Serwymuli winadadebac.
erTgvari iribi damatebebi SeiZleba axldes rogorc
gardamaval, ise gardauval zmna-Semasmenels.
iribi damatebis zmna-SemasmenlSi gamoxatvis Tvalsaz-
risiT Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi paralelurad moqmedebs
ori sitema: sakuTari da qarTulidan nasesxebi. iribi obieq-
tis gamoxatvis sakuTriv wovaTuSuri sistema Taviseburebas
gviCvenebs im mxriv, rom zmnaSi iribi obieqti saerTod ar ga-
moixateba: ara aqvs mniSvneloba gardamavalia zmna Tu garda-
uvali, klasniSniani Tu uklasniSno.
sul sxva viTarebas vxvdebiT enaSi iribi obieqtis gamo-
xatvis nasesxebi anu qarTuli sistemis gamoyenebisas; am
dros ara aqvs mniSvneloba zmna gardamavalia Tu gardauva-
li, klasniSniani Tu uklasniSno, sagangebo sufiqsiT yovel-
Tvis gamoixateba iribi obieqtis piric da ricxvic.
46
aRniSnuli sistemebis Sesadareblad meti TvalsaCino-
ebisaTvis magaliTad viyenebT erTsa da imave winadadebas,
gvaqvs:
a) sakuTari sistemiT:
sonđ, merbenđ uCitles frædi daweradi÷ `me da
merabs maswavlebelma friadebi dawera (dagviwera).~
b) nasesxebi sistemiT:
sonđ, merbenđ uCitles frædi daweradi÷ Txù `me da
merabs maswavlebelma friadebi dagviwera.~
mocemuli winadadebis pirvel versiaSi Semasmeneli da-
weradi÷ warmodgenilia iribi obieqtis pirisa da ricxvis aR-
niSvnis gareSe, meore SemTxvevaSi ki imave zmnaze darTuli
sufiqsi -Txù gamoxatavs orives: pirveli iribi obieqtis
pirsac da ricxvsac, rogorc amas akeTebs qarTulSi Tavsar-
Ti `gv-~.
Taviseburad dgas wovaTuSurSi iribi obieqtis brun-
vis sakiTxic. sagulisxmoa, rom aqac imarTvis zmna-Semasmen-
lisgan es wevri brunvaSi da, analogiurad qarTulisa, es
brunva aris micemiTi. gansxvaveba mocemul sakiTxSi am or
enas Soris imaSi mdgoamreobs, rom wovaTuSurSi es micemiTi
sxvadasxvagvaria. samecniero literatiraSi Seswavlilia da
dadgenili, rom `zmnis konkretuli Sinaarsis mixedviT am
enaSi oTxi micemiTi gvaqvs: pirvels gamoxatavs saxelis fu-
Zeze darTuli sufiqsi -n, meores – sufiqsi -go, mesames – su-
fiqsi -gé, xolo meoTxes – sufiqsi -x. (miqelaZe – 2018, 114).
magaliTad:
47
a) nariani micemiTi irib damatebad:
×aôo-n, vaôo-n nanas aÙsbina×né dêfxì winç ecø
`gogos da biWs dedam saaRdgomod samosi
axali uyida.~
b) -go sufiqsiani micemiTi irib damatebad:
nane-go-ôđ, dade-go-ôđ iolkos taTeb daÙø `dedas da
mamas ilikom fuli gamoarTva.~
g) -gé sufiqsiani micemiTi irib damatebad:
daJar abrmes muSi-gé daciTi÷ `balaxi abramma muSebs
gaaTibina.~
d) -x sufiqsiani micemiTi irib damatebad:
báder nana-x ôerCå `bavSvi dedas exveva.~
Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvari iribi damatebebi yo-
velTvis erTi da imave saxis micemiTSia warmodgenili, rad-
gan maTs brunvas erTi saerTo zmnis Sinaarsobrivi aqcenti
gansazRvravs.
magaliTad:
1. Ùai-n, fôari-n dayar Tiĉnas `Rorsa da ZaRls saWme
li vaWame.~
2. nanegé, dadegé is saqm coôannđ Tag×iTmak `dedas, ma
mas mag saqmes veravin gaakeTebinebs.~
3. ivne-x, a×rCle-x ise comenđ TeSå `ivanes da arCils aq
aravin endoba.~
4. sesxaT taTeb niku×goôđ, a×oClegoôđ daÙos `fuls
sesxad nikos da arCils gamovarTmev.~
48
wyoba erTgvari iribi damatebebisa da Semasmenlisa
ramdenadme Tavisufalia. fiqsirdeba maTi ganlagebis Semde-
gi variantebi:
a) iribi damatebebi uswreben Semasmenels:
1. filpenđ, ödru×nđ skolas sigeli daĉø `filipesa
da andros skolam sigelebi misca.~
2. povlegoô, ivrmegoô Jabé bavø `pavlesa da iorams
Zroxebi daekargaT.~
b) iribi damatebebi mosdeven Semasmenels:
1. nanas lamzur Cxødri di÷ ilku×nđ, Sa×mlenđ `dedam
lamazi windebi mouqsova ilikos da Samils.~
2. skol
direqtorgoôđ, moa×dglegoôđ saqm mu×Sç ×ax÷
`skolis direqtorsa da moadgiles saqme cudad
wauvidaT.~
g) Semasmeneli irib damatebebs Sorsaa moqceuli:
1. mTavrbas wa kimu×n daĉø ufasoT, vaxtanginã, ivsben
`mTavrobam saxli kimos misca ufasod, vaxtangs da
iosebs.~
2. weltina×né fstunán icnas saCuqar, knaTenã, nasin
`saaxalwlod cols vuyide saCuqari, biWs da rZals.~
d) irib damatebebs da Semasmenels Soris moqceulia
sxva sityvebi:
1. fôarCanđ, Jabonđ qiqoõ Ùeí÷Cov RaziS Tiĉnas
`ZaRlebsa da Zroxebs adre amdgarma kargad vaWame.~
2. ôaSinđ, CurCu×Snđ côāR darJdi÷Cé daòeCé
49
sufrenmaq Tiĉnas matr `stumrebsa da Senaurebs
erTad gaSlil grZel sufraze vaWame sadili.~
§9. erTgvarubralodamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba
winadadeba SeiZleba Serwymuli iyos ubralo damate-
bebis mixedviTac. ubralo damateba ar Seewyoba zmnas arc
pirSi, arc klasSi, anu igi zmnaSi saerTod ar gamoixateba,
ris gamoc arc misi ricxvi Cans zmna-SemasmenelSi. aRniSnu-
lis gamo ubralo damateba, garda Semasmenlisa, SeiZleba ax-
ldes winadadebis sxva wevrebsac.
winadadebaSi SeiZleba iyos ramdenime ubralo damateba,
magram winadadeba mainc ar iyos Serwymuli erTgvari ubralo
damatebebis mixedviT. es xdeba maSin, roca ubralo damatebebi
sxvadasxva wevrebTanaa Sewyobili, an sxvadasxva saxisaa.
magaliTad:
a) ubralo damatebebi Sewyobilia sxvadasxva wevrebTan:
Tokiv qoki axkiné Jabé dadas manqnev axmit bik÷
boxkö `TokebiT fexebSekruli Zroxebi mamam manqaniT
axmetaSi waiyvana gasayidad.~
b) ubralo damatebebi sxvadasxva saxisaa:
ôaWdagrev ôamaxeõ lamzurx elisé ×ar Txa dRevbax
`SesaxedaobiT yvelaze lamazi eliso iyo dRes
dReobaSi.~
winadadeba Serwymulia ubralo damatebebis mixedviT
maSin, roca es damatebebi erTgvaria da erTsa da imave wevrs
ukavSirdeba.
50
magaliTad:
a) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba Semasme-
nels:
qiqoõ alverdbax doivđ, uxmivđ ixraTx `winaT
alaverdobaSi cxenebiTa da urmebiT davdiodiT.~
b) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba qvemdeba-
res:
yivlexđ gaWirbaxđ leTrev daô malvi÷sé `siRaribesa
da gaWirvebasTan Widilma damRala.~
g) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba pirdapir
damatebas:
direqtores mowafaxđ, mSoblaxđ bčarvaxar xitdi÷
`direqtorma moswavleebsa da mSoblebTan Sexvedra
gadawyvita.~
d) erTgvari ubralo damatebebi ukavSirdeba gansaz-
Rvrebas:
ôona×nè, sona×nè abiné kabi dirckes daô ×oxkø
`SenTvis da CemTvis Sekerili kabebi mkeravma gayida.~
erTgvar damatebebs brunvis forma erTnairi aqvT, gan-
sxvaveba maT Soris SeiZleba iyos ricxvis mixedviT:
ôona×nè, Sa×r bádrina×nè diené Cxødri nanas daô
dií÷ `SenTvis da Tavisi SvilebisTvis moqsovili
windebi dedam garecxa.~
Tu ubralo damatebis gadmosacemad Tandebuliani
formaa saWiro, Cveulebriv yvela erTgvari ubralo damate-
ba Tandebuliania.
51
magaliTad:
1. ×aSegor÷daôè, vaSegor÷daôè mokiTxv÷ wirli
miRebadinas `disgan da Zmisgan mokiTxvis werilebi
miviRe.~
2. ôùmaqđ, sùmaqđ ayrad×i÷ petres qiqlú javr `Senze
da Cemze iyara petrem Zveli javri.~
§10. erTgvargansazRvrebiani Serwymuli winadadeba
wovaTuSur enaSi ori saxis gansazRvreba gvaqvs: atri-
butuli anu SeTanxmebuli da substantiuri anu marTuli.
atributuli gansazRvrebis rolSi gvevlineba zedsarTavi
saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, nacvalsaxeli da zogjer TviTon
arsebiTi saxelic, substantiuri gansazRvreba ki gadmoicema
naTesaobiT brunvaSi marTuli arsebiTi saxeliT, an gaarsebi-
Tebuli sxva metyvelebis nawiliT.
sagulisxmoa, rom damoukideblad aRebuli orive saxis
gansazRvreba ibrunvis da dairTavs saTanado brunvis niSnebs,
msazRvrelad gamoyenebisas ki garkveul Taviseburebas gviC-
venebs, kerZod:
a) atributul msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi
saxeli saxelobiTis garda yvela sxva brunvaSi sagangebo -Co
sufiqss dairTavs da brunvis niSnebs aRar saWiroebs.
b) substantiur msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli saxeli sa-
xelobiTSi dasmul sazRvruls naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT
Seewyoba, sxva brunvebSi ki fuZis saxiT rCeba.
52
msazRvrel saxelTa brunebis aRniSnuli Tavisebureba
Tavs iCens sazRvrulTan maTi nebismieri saxis urTierTobi-
sas.
magaliTad:
a) 1. kuinđ, wegenđ vardi laíer ezo `TeTri da
wiTeli vardebi idga ezoSi.~
2. kuiC-è, wege-Cè vardiv dar darbaz morTadiené
`TeTri da wiTeli vardebiT iyo darbazi morTuli.~
b) 1. nanenđ, dadenđ surTi albomi ×u×xknas `dedis da
mamis suraTebi albomSi Cavawye.~
2. nanđ, dadđ surTiv xarbalas `deda(s) da mama(s)
suraTebiT vxarob.~
erTgvari gansazRvrebebi uSualod arian dakavSirebu-
li erTsa da imave sazRvrulTan da erTnairad miemarTebian
mas, erTmaneTs ki uerTdebian maerTebeli kavSirebiT, an ukav-
Sirod, mxolod CamoTvlis intonaciiT.
magaliTad:
a) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi mxolod CamoTvlis intona-
ciiT uerTdebian erTmaneTs:
1. buqraulö iliké õčamdiené, gùlø, wa×rv÷ stak var
`buqurauli iliko (cnobili TuSi maTematikosi)
naswavli, Wkviani, saxelovani kaci iyo.~
2. baíir÷, atiné, lamzur bu×sđ laíer `mTvariani,
Cumi, lamazi saRamo idga.~
b) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi kavSiriT uerTdebian er-
TmaneTs:
53
1. xenenđ, Ùerenđ (xen-Ùer÷) adm÷ xiĉ÷ aniké `xisa da
qvis adamiani aRmoCnda aniko.~
2. Wirvenã, doklak stak var mixaké `Wirveuli da
braziani kaci iyo mixako.~
g) gvaqvs kavSiriani da ukavSiro SeerTeba:
1. meÙmaq dater RaziS diíené, dauTadienoã, daô
Cavardiené sarecx `taxtze elaga kargad garecxili,
gauToebuli da gadarCeuli sarecxi.~
2. zorö, wa×rvenã, saqmlø voô lexor siZeR amirnes
`yoCaRs, saxelovansa da saqmian biWs eZebda siZed
amirani.~
erTgvar gansazRvrebaTa SesaerTeblad kavSirisgan
yvelaze xSirad ixmareba majgufebeli kavSiri `da~, iSviaTad
ki mapirispirebeli kavSirebi: mđ (`magram~), `magram~. aRniSnu-
li kavSirebi (mđ, magram) orive qarTulenovania, nasesxebia
erTi da imave `magram~ kavSirisgan interferentul proces-
Ta sxvadasxva doneze. maTgan metyvelebis procesSi pirveli
ufro xSirad funqcionirebs, radgan mas gamoyenebis ufro
xangrZlivi tradicia aqvs.
magaliTad:
1. TiSø, mđ Tagu×nç kab ×afxur Tiku×go `Zveli, magram
moxdenili kaba ecva Tikos.~
2. mkacr, magram samarTliö ganaC÷ ×aÙø mosamarTles
`mkacri, magram samarTliani ganaCeni gamoitana
mosamarTlem.~
54
erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs winadadebaSi arsebiTi
saxeliT gamoxatul romelime wevrs: qvemdebares, yvela sa-
xis damatebas, adgilisa da drois garemoebebs, Semasmenelis
saxelad nawils.
magaliTad:
a) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs qvemdebares:
1. gùwiCé, moufiqrbel daSav dok Ǥavé admen÷
`briyvuli, moufiqrebeli sityva guls uklavs
adamians.~
2. s÷ winđ, TiSinđ kabi garderobe Ùaëxkì `Cemi axali
da Zveli kabebi garderobSi hkidia.~
b) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs damatebebs:
1. fsare Txilenđ, kaklenđ CurCxlaõu× u×xknas `guSin
Txilisa da kaklis CurCxelebi avasxi.~
2. winiS Tagdi÷Coã, gamarTodi÷Cé weniv södro
zora×Sç amyebala `axali aSenebuli da mowyobili
saxliT sandro Zalian amayobs.
3. kvexraõè, zarmacđ admenex as co TeSes `mkvexara da
zarmac adamians me ar vendobi.~
g) erTgvari gansazRvrebebi axlavs garemoebas:
1. winiS SemoRobadbi÷Coã, dabarodb÷Cé baÙCe vanos
yarfuz ×iv÷ `axlad SemoRobilsa da dabarul baRSi
vanom sazamTro daTesa.~
2. iStuCé maxereCoã, baíwiCé bu×sa×vô sù comiCã
×axmak `aseT qariansa da umTvaro RameSi me versad
waval.~
55
zogjer winadadebaSi SeiZleba funqcionirebdes ram-
denime erTgvari predikatiuli gansazRvreba.
magaliTad:
1. lawmar bčarki ôap×enoã, gafiTrbada×lné diSur
maíe `avadmyofi TvalebdaxuWuli da gafiTrebuli
iwva loginSi.~
2. báder wegdalinoã, Ǥafaldaliné laíer daden
ôaTx `bavSvi gawiTlebuli da darcxvenili idga mamis
win.~
§11. erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba
erTgvargaremoebiania Serwymuli winadadeba, Tu mis
erTsa da imave wevrs ramdenime erTi da imave saxis garemoeba
ukavSirdeba. wovaTuSurSi xuTi sxvadasxva saxis garemoeba
gvaqvs: adgilisa, droisa, mizezisa, miznisa da viTarebisa. Se-
sabamisad, gvaqvs amdenive saxis erTgvargaremoebiani Ser-
wymuli winadadeba.
I. aRniSnuli tipis winadadebebidan wovaTuSurSi yve-
laze farTo moxmarebisaa erTgvar adgilisgaremoebiani
Serwymuli winadadeba. adgilis garemoebebi erTgvaria, ro-
ca isini erTsa da imave kiTxvaze pasuxoben da erTsa da imave
wevrs miemarTebian.
nebismieri saxis garemoeba da maT Soris adgilis gare-
moebac winadadebaSi sintaqsur wyvils qmnis zmna-Semasme-
nelTan an nazmnari saxeliT gamoxatul romelime sxva wev-
56
rTan: qvemdebaresTan, yvela saxis damatebasTan, gansazRvre-
basTan da garemoebasTanac.
adgilis garemoebiani Serwymuli winadadebis Tavise-
burebas qmnis is garemoeba, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi gare-
moebisadmi dasmuli kiTxvebi Sinaarsobrivad bolomde unda
emTxveodes erTmaneTs. magaliTad, winadadebaSi: Ǥuvi
laëmrenđ koxđx daSvebadbalø àmwyemsebi mTidan barSi daeS-
vnen~ ori adgilis garemoeba gvaqvs: laëmrenđ àmTidan~ da
koxđx àbarSi~. es garemoebebi araa erTgvari, radgan dasmuli
kiTxvebi: miCxrenđ? àsaidan?~ da miC? àsad? saiTǩkenǪ?~, marTa-
lia, orive adgils miemarTeba, magram maT Soris ara gvaqvs
sruli Tanxvedra, radgan pirveli moqmedebis sawyis punqts
aRniSnavs, meore ki – bolos.
axla aviRoT aseTi winadadeba: lamuô, bareô yaré ×aT-
xer côa×nna×raT àmTaSi da barSi (mTaSic, barSic) wvimda er-
Tnairad~. mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgilis garemoebebi: lamuô
da bareô – erTgvaria, radgan orive pasuxobs erTsa da imave
kiTxvaze – miCe? miCux? àsad?~.
wovaTuSurSi adgilis garemoeba pasuxobs ramdenime
kiTxvaze: miCe? / miCux? àsad?~, miCrenđ? àsaidan?~, miCivô? àsa-
iTǩkenǪ?~, miCemcø? àsadamde?~ amave sistemazea agebuli er-
Tgvar adgilisgaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadebis qvesaxe-
ebic. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs:
1. e báder Cuôđ, skoleôđ RaziS qcevala `es bavSvi
SinǩacǪ da gareTǩacǪ kargad iqceva.~
2. karvigu×ôã, qoxigu×ô qastba×lnaTx malba×lnu×
57
`karvebisken da qoxebisken avCqardiT daRlilebi.~
3. sa× sögomcinã, wenigomcø nast Ùa×Cnas `Cems
ezomde da saxlamde Zlivs mivaRwie.~
4. sanaxødaã, qoraxøda nax ôefsur du×lobigé
`karebidan da sarkmlebidan xalxi uyurebda
cxenosnebs.~
erTgvar adgilis garemoebaTa SeerTeba kavSirianic
gvxvdeba wovaTuSurSi da ukavSiroc. yvelaze xSirad er-
Tgvar wevrebs majgufebeli -đ àda~ da le àan~ kavSirebi aer-
Tebs, Tumca amave funqciiT sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba macal-
kevebeli sakuTriv wovaTuSuri mawy – mawy àxan – xan~, le – le
àan – an~, leõeô – leõeô àTund – Tund~ da qarTulidan nases-
xebi gød – gød àgind – gind~ kavSrebi.
magaliTad:
1. qalqiôđ, Telveôđ duÙ naybisti da sogo `qalaqSi
(TbilisSi) da TelavSi bevri megobari myavs.~
2. lamuôi le bare, Cuôi le nčaõi ×aóù sicx laíer
`mTaSi Tu barSi, Sin Tu gareT didi sicxe idga.~
3. qoívaløCov mawy qalqi lixnas samsaxur, mawy
Telve `Sewuxebulma xan qalaqSi (TbilisSi) veZebe
samsaxuri, xan TelavSi.~
4. leõeô samsaëxre gibđlasé mixos, leõeô Cuô `Tund
samsaxurSi minaxulos mixom, Tund Sin.~
5. gød Cuô deÙđl qorwil levnes, gød restorne
`gind saxlSi gadaixados qorwili levanma, gind
restoranSi.~
58
erTgvar adgilisgaremoebian winadadebaSi xSirad
gvxvdeba erTgvar wevrTa ganmazogadebeli sityvebi. ganma-
zogadebeli sityvebi SeiZleba uswrebdes an mosdevdes er-
Tgvar garemoebebs.
magaliTad:
1. Stolmaq, Taru×maq, Skafmaq – miCxmaõ búgal
lefCer `magidaze, Taroze, karadaze – yvelgan
mtveri ido.~
2. Cuôi le naxlo – miCxmaõ so lexosé Tamros `Sin Tu
xalxSi – yvelgan me meZebs Tamari.~
3. frùtmaqr÷daôoã, qalqir÷daôè – miCxmar÷da moČø
ambu× ×aRor `frontidanac da qalaqidanac –
yvelganidan cudi ambebi modioda.~
4. moskovemcinã, qaliqa×mcø – miCxmaõa×mcø niy ba
sogo `Tbilisamde da moskovamde – yvelganamde gza
maqvs.~
5. miCxmaõ da sogo dakr÷ naybisti – alni, Telvaôã,
qalqi `yvelgan myavs guliTadi megobrebi – alvanSi,
TelavSi da qalaqSi (TbilisSi).~
II. erTgvar drois garmoebaTa Semcveli Serwymuli wi-
nadadeba agreTve sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba wovaTuSurSi. mi-
si sintaqsi TiTqmis mTlianad emTxveva erTgvar adgilisga-
remoebiani Serwymuli winadadebis sintaqss, aqac aqtiurad
dgas kiTxvaTa mravalferovnebisa da maTi zusti Sinaarsob-
rivi damTxvevis aucileblobis sakiTxi.
59
magaliTad, mocemul winadadebaSi:
Ǥurd÷laTiné fsarlomci laywø muSebadinas
Ùavelo `dilidan moyolebuli saRamomde
Seusveneblad vimuSave yanaSi.~
erT SemasmenelTan ori drois garemoeba gvaqvs:
1. Ǥurd÷laTiné `dilidan moyolebuli.~
2. fsarlomcø `saRamomde.~
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, es drois garemoebebi araa er-
Tgvari, radgan pasuxoben sxvadasxva kiTxvebze: macandolø?
àrodidan?~ da maclomcø? àrodemde?~
imave TvalsazrisiT axla gavaanalizoT Semdegi winada-
deba:
stouxkê, cenexđ zRva×maq ×arasé Tivö `SarSan da
wels (SarSanac da welsac) zRvaze viyavi
dasasveneblad.~
amjeradac isev ori drois garemoeba ukavSirdeba Se-
masmenels:
1. stoëxkì `SarSan~.
2. cenex `wels.~
orive mocemuli garemoeba pasuxobs erTsa da imave
kiTxvaze macö? àrodis?~, ris gamoc gaanalizebuli winada-
deba Serwymulia.
drois garemoeba wovaTuSurSi Semdeg kiTxvebs dais-
vams:
macö? àrodis?~, macödolø? àrodidan?~, maclomcø?
àrodemde?~, ste xanuv? àraǩmdeniǪ xniT?~
60
winadadebaSi drois garemoeba ZiriTadad Semasmenels
ukavSirdeba, magram gvxvdeba nazmnari saxeliT gamoxatuli
sxva wevrebTanac.
magaliTad:
1. stoëxkê, SurCoxđ dawø Ǥa laíraTva×go `SarSan da
SarSanwin mZime zamTari gvedga.~
2. aô vaõlomcinã, ivram vaõlomcø as ise xiĉđs `Sen
mosvlamde da ioramis mosvlamde me aq viqnebi.~
3. sa xiĉlomcinã, maTx baĉlomcø jer duÙaõ dro ×a
`gaTenebamde da mzis amosvlamde jer bevri droa.~
4. deniôđ, bu×sê Sromev visvaÙøsé yivlex `dRisiT da
RamiT (dRedaRam) Sromam gadamarCina siRaribisgan.~
5. Txđ, Ùanè ×eõ÷Cé yarov saqm ×avo×é `dRes da xval
mosuli wvima saqmes gaafuWebs.~
erTgvar drois garemoebaTa SeerTeba kavSirianic Se-
iZleba iyos da ukavSiroc. ukavSiro SeerTebis dros er-
Tgvar wevrTa sakavSirebel saSualebas CamoTvlis intonacia
warmoadgens.
magaliTad:
1. bádrole, yùle, yanSebo – bčđ Tivoíené adm÷
daraôé `bavSvobaSi, axalgazrdobaSi, sibereSi –
yovelTvis mSvidi adamiani iyavi.~
2. Txa, Ùö, lamé sicxu× ×a gamocxadbad×iené `dRes,
xval, zeg sicxeebia gamocxadebuli.~
3. laëmreCé nayv votuS, vaRoS TxiloS xiĉâ! `mTis
gzaze wasvlisas, mosvlisas (mimosvlisas) frTxilad
61
iyavi!~
ori erTgvari drois garemoebis SeerTeba yvelaze xSi-
rad kavSiriT xdeba. am dros gamoiyeneba igive majgufebeli
da macalkevebeli kavSirebi, rac erTgvar adgilis garemoe-
bebTan gvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
1. yaroxđ, lavaxđ as vafxeS vefxlas `Tovlsa da
wvimaSi me Tbilad vicmev.~
2. le bu×suõ vaRos ôo ×agö, le Ǥurd÷ qiqoõ `an
RamiTve moval Sens sanaxavad, an diliT adre.~
3. Cuôi le nčaõi, deniôi le bu×sì vđxrex daklivas
`Sin Tu gareT, dRisiT Tu RamiT cxovrebaze
vfiqrob.~
erTgvar drois garemoebaTa Semcveli Serwymuli wina-
dadeba Cveulebriv orwevriania da kavSiriani. kavSiriani da
ukavSiro SeerTeba erTdrouli, cxadia, samsa da met er-
Tgvar droisgaremoebian SerwymulSi Segvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
1. SurCox, stoëxkoã, cexen so qalqi co xiĉenvasé
`SarSanwin, SarSan da wels me qalaqSi (TbilisSi) ar
vyofilvar.~
2. Txđ, Ùanoã, lamè ×uxaõ yaru× levo×é `dRes, xval
da zeg isev (kvlav) wvimebs varaudoben.~
3. leõeô Txa lax dro sù latö, leõeô Ùanoã, leõeô
lamé `Tund dRes monaxe dro Cem dasaxmareblad,
Tund xval da Tund zeg.~
62
erTgvar droisgaremoebian Serwymul winadadebaSi
zogjer ganmazogadebeli sityvebic gvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
1. deniôi le bu×sì, Ǥalixi le xkolix – bčđ stixnas
ôo `dRisiT Tu RamiT, zamTarSi Tu zafxulSi –
yovelTvis gelode Sen.~
2. bádroleôi le vaóloba – bčđ bar sogo dad÷ xaTr
`bavSvobaSi Tu didobaSi – yovelTvis mqonda mamis
xaTri!~
III. erTgvar viTarebisgaremoebiani Serwymuli winada-
deba Zalian farTod aris gavrcelebuli wovaTuSurSi. ro-
gorc yvela sxva saxis garemoeba, viTarebis gaermoeba wina-
dadebaSi ukavSirdeba Semasmenels, an nazmnari saxeliT gamo-
xatul sxva wevrebs: qvemdebares, gansazRvrebas, damatebas.
wovaTuSurSi viTarebis garemoeba pasuxobs Semdeg
kiTxvebze: moô? àrogor?~, moôna×raT? àrogornairad?~, ste-
na×raT? àranairad?~ samive dasaxelebuli kiTxva Sinaarsob-
rivad erTmaneTs emTxveva da Tavisuflad cvlis erTmaneTs.
gansxvaveba mxolod maTs warmomavlobaSia: pirveli moô? sa-
kuTriv wovaTuSuria, meore da mesame ki – moôna×raT? da ste-
na×raT? – qarTulidan Sesrulebul hibridul nasesxobebs
warmoadgens. maTgan pirveli: moôna×raT? àrogornairad?~
met siaxloves avlens wovaTuSurTan, ufro Zveli nasesxobaa
da mas dRes mxolod asakovanTa metyvelabSi vxvdebiT, rac
Seexeba mesame kiTxvas – stena×raT? àranairad?~ is ukve zed-
miwevniTi kalkia qarTlisa.
63
rogorc aRvniSneT, dasaxelebuli samive kiTxva erTi
da imave Sinaarsisaa da mcireodeni niuansobirivi gansxvave-
biT Tavisuflad enacvleba erTmaneTs.
erTgvar viTarebis garemoebaTa SeerTeba winadadebaSi
kavSirianic SeiZleba iyos da ukavSiroc. erTgvar viTarebis
garemoebaTa SesaerTeblad gamoiyeneba maerTebeli kavSire-
bi: majgufebelic, macalkevebelic da mapirispirebelic.
aseTebia: -đ àda~, le `Tu~, mđ `magram~, mawy – mawy `xan – xan~,
gød – gød `gind – gind ~.
magaliTad:
a) erTgvar viTarebis garemoebaTa SeerTeba ukavSiroa:
1. katekoS, dalagbulaT ×eb ambu×! `nela,
dalagebulad ilaparake!~
2. kvnesalaS, eí-eíeS ×efcor lawmrev ambu×
`kvnesiT, sveneb-svenebiT yveboda avadmyofi ambavs.~
3. ZúwaT, qo ôaWyoS vaxer nikloz `Zunwad, xelmoWeri-
lad cxovrobda nikolozi.~
b) erTgvar viTarebis garemoebaTa SeerTeba kavSiriania:
1. moô zora×Sđ, gametbulaTđ Tefxé e stakov e fôaran
`rogor Zalian da gametebulad scems es kaci am
ZaRls.~
2. dadas zora×Sç mkacraTã, gùliS vaÙvor voô `mama
Zalian mkacrad da Wkvianad zrdida vaJs.~
3. mawy zora×Sç la×wç sù Wrilobã, mawy naklebaT
`xan Zalian mtkiva Wriloba da xan naklebad.~
4. qastlaS, mđ dalagbulaT ×efcor ambu× ivrmes
64
`aCqarebiT, magram dalagebulad yveboda ambavs
iorami.~
roca erTgvari viTarebis garemoeba winadadebaSi orze
metia, ori ukanaskneli xSirad kavSiriTaa SeerTebuli, da-
narCeni ki ukavSirod:
1. mdidrulaT, TaguSã, la×mzraT dafxur ôaS
`mdidrulad, moxdenilad da lamazad ecva stumars.~
2. eí-eíeS, TxiloSã, dakbaĉuS ixor vaJar kmatmaqđ
`sveneb-svenebiT, frTxilad da dakvirvebiT
adiodnen Zmebi kldeze.~
SemasmenelTan dakavSirebuli erTgvari viTarebis ga-
remoebebi umetes SemTxvevaSi uswreben mas, magram zogjer
mosdeven kidec konteqsis Sesabamisad.
a) viTarebis garemoebebi uswreben Semasmenels:
1. moÙ boS, leTxö ixoS, winç sadRegrZelu× levdoS
garTobadinas ôaSi `simReriT, cekviT, axali
sadRegrZeloebis TqmiT gavarTe stumrebi.~
2. dokdastoS, mxiarulaT bčar×ax÷ Txù maspinZel
` gulgaxsnilad, mxiarulad Segvxvda maspinZeli.~
b) viTarebis garemoebebi mosdeven Semasmenels:
1. ×ux ×irwnas sasamarTlu×r÷ TxuS, sa× qorTix
serteS `davbrundi sasamarTlodan tiriliT,
sakuTari Tavis wyevliT.~
2. ubö ôalé icnaTx baxøCu×Sv buR-bakuSã, maÙiS doS
`ubani avikeliT mTvralebma RrianceliT da
simReriT.~
65
viTarebis garemoebebs Soris kavSiri xSirad axsna-gan-
martebiT xasiaTs atarebs: momdevno garemoebebi xsnian da
azusteben winamavals.
magaliTad:
1. atiné, ambu× co ×oS, iS co ×axoS botur mzvervi
`Cumad, ulaparakod, xmis amouReblad midiodnen
mzveravebi.~
2. didka×craT, ôak dexkoS, ambu× co ×oS ǤevaRer
ôaSilo ilé `didkacurad, SublSekvriT, xmis
amouReblad ijda ilo stumrebSi.~
IV. ramdenime erTgvari mizezis garemoebis Semcveli
Serwymuli winadadeba naklebad gvxvdeba wovaTuSurSi.
mizezis garemoeba iseve, rogorc sxva saxis garemoebe-
bi, ZiriTadad Semasmenels ukavSirdeba, magram garkveul
SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba daukavSirdes gaarsebiTebuli nazmna-
ri saxeliT gadmocemul sxva wevrebsac. misi kiTxvebia: Ā?
àratom?~, st÷daîđ àrisTvis?~, Ĉxa×no? àris gamo?~, ste miz-
zuv? àra mizeziT?~ es kiTxvebi erTmaneTTan sinonimur damo-
kidebulebaSia da konteqstSi Tavisuflad enacvlebian er-
TmaneTs. maTgan pirveli sami kiTxva sakuTriv wovaTuSuria,
meoTxe ki (ste mizzuv?) - saTanado qarTuli kiTxvis àra mi-
zeziT?~ kalks warmoadgens.
erTgvar mizezis garemoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba am
enaSi ZiriTadad or erTgvarwevriania da es wevrebi SeerTe-
bulia majgufebeli kavSiriT; gvaqvs ergvar wevrTa ukavSi-
ro SeerTebac.
66
magaliTad:
a)erTgvari mizezis garemoebebi SeerTebulia kavSiriT.
1. fSelgor÷daôaã, sicxgor÷daôđ adm÷ côa×nna×raT
qoíla `sicivisganǩacǪ da sicxisganǩacǪ adamiani
erTnairad wuxdeba.~
2. maclegor÷daôaã, xaklegor÷daôđ tyveni daniõ daô
davur `SimSilisganǩacǪ da wyurvilisganǩacǪ tyveebi
yvelani ixocebodnen.~
b) erTgvari mizezis garemoebebi SeerTebulia ukavSi-
rod.
1. buô droô yivlex, maclex doldalir naxlo yol
`omis dros siRaribisgan, SimSilisgan daiwyo
xalxSi qurdoba.~
2. zarmacb÷daîa, maĉar dewr÷daîa wunbadvor
maxkarv nikloz `sizarmacis gamo, sasmelis
siyvarulis gamo wunobdnen gogoebi nikolozs.~
SemasmenelTan dakavSirebuli erTgvari mizezis gare-
moebebi SeiZleba uswrebdes an mosdevdes Semasmenels.
magaliTad:
1. levö klase viT÷ sizarmacb÷daîaã, gaclenødaîa
`levani klasSi datoves sizarmacisa da gacdenebis
gamo.~
2. mawy lawiS xiĉr÷daîađ, mawy CureCé saqmuûdaîađ
cdenadinas samsaxur `xan avadmyofobis gamo, xan
saSinao saqmeebis gamo vacdine samsaxuri.~
67
V. ramdenime miznis garemoebis Semcveli Serwymuli wi-
nadadeba agreTve naklebi sixSiriT funqcionirebs am enaSi.
miznis garemoeba sintaqsur wyvils winadadebaSi Ziri-
Tadad SemasmenelTan qmnis, magram gvxvdeba agreTve nazmnari
saxeliT gamoxatul sxva wevrebTanac.
misi kiTxvebia: stenna×né? àrisTvis?~, stenndaîa? àris
gulisTvis?~, ste miznuv? àra mizniT?~
Serwymul winadadebaSi erTsa da imave wevrTan ZiriTa-
dad ori ergvari miznis garemoeba gvxvdeba. isini kavSiriT an
ukavSirod uerTdebian erTmaneTs. kavSirTagan am tipis Ser-
wymul winadadebaSi gvxvdeba majgufebeli an macalkevebeli
kavSirebi.
magaliTad:
a) erTgvari miznis garemoebebi SeerTebulia ukavSi-
rod.
1. ojax qokimaq oí×ö, naxlé TamamaT egö buymaq qoki
oí×i÷ elizbres `ojaxis fexze dasayeneblad,
xalxSi Tamamad gasasvlelad welze fexebi daidga
elizbarma.~
2. dro co lexmak sù lawmar dagö, damSvidbadö
`dros ver vpoulob avadmyofis mosanaxuleblad,
dasamSvideblad.~
b) erTgvari miznis garemoebebi SeerTebulia kavSiriT:
1. Tivanã, garTobadvalö cexen côav÷ va×xnas zRva×maq
`dasasveneblad da gasarTobad wels marto wavedi
zRvaze.~
68
2. Si muSaõé qirbadinas qaniz laô×anã, dawurad×ö
`ori muSa viqirave yurZnis dasakrefad da
dasawurad.~
SemesmenelTan dakavSirebuli erTgvari miznis garemo-
ebebi mosdevs an uswrebs Semasmenels.
magaliTad:
1. wa garemontbadanã, avej ecö taTeb co
dagrovbadomakø sù `saxlis gasaremonteblad da
avejis sayidlad fuli ver movagrove.~
2. Ùö qaliq ×u×tas qu×rwlene×né kuø kab ecanã, lak÷
tufli abiTö `xval qalaqSi (TbilisSi) mivdivar qorwi-
lisTvis TeTri kabis sayidlad da lakis tuflebis Sesakeri-
neblad.~
§12. gansxvavebuli tipis Serwymuli winadadeba
zogjer wovaTuSuri enis Serwymul winadadebaSi erT
saerTo wevrTan ramdenime sxvadasxva sintaqsuri funqciis
mqone wevria dakavSirebuli. isini maerTebeli kavSiriT ise
arian erTmaneTTan misadagebuli, rogorc erTgvari wevrebi.
magaliTad, winadadebaSi: bčaã miCxmaõ as ôocø xiĉas (yvelgan
da mudam me SenTan viqnebi) `da~ kavSiriT erTmaneTTan droi-
sa (bčđ) da adgilis (miCxmaõ) garemoebebia dakavSirebuli.
magaliTebi SeiZleba kidev davasaxeloT:
1. iÙumfleCé xaneôã, iSt dawvrilbiT moô ×is÷ ôù
dako is ambu×? `amden xans da ase dawvrilebiT
69
rogor dagamaxsovrda eg ambavi?~
winadadeba Serwymulia droisa da viTarebis garemoe-
bebis mixedviT.
2. ôö, macanã, Ĉxa×né ×efcø ôogé is ambu×? `vin,
rodis da ra mizniT (ratom) giambo eg ambavi?~
winadadeba Serwymulia qvemdebarisa, droisa da miznis
garemoebebis mixedviT.
3. comiCr÷daôoã, coôögor÷da latar co stexos
`arsaidan da aravisgan daxmarebas ar velodebi.~
winadadeba Serwymulia drois garemoebisa da ubralo
damatebis mixedviT.
4. døjaTã, dafiqrbadva×lné votur bčex ivseb
`dinjad da dafiqrebuli midioda jarSi iosebi.~
winadadeba Serwymulia viTarebis garemoebisa da pre-
dikatuli gansazRvrebis mixedviT.
gansxvavebuli sintaqsuri statusis wevrebis winada-
debaSi erTgvar wevrebad warmodgena araa damaxasiaTebeli
mxolod wovaTuSurisTvis. igive movlena samecniero lite-
raturaSi dafiqsirebulia sxva enebis masalebiTac. magali-
Tad, l. kvaWaZe Serwymuli winadadebis analogiur models
warmoadgens qarTuli enis masalebiT (kvaWaZe 1966 – 265), xo-
lo a. peSkovski analogiur wyobas afiqsirebs rusul enaSi
(peSkovski 1956 – 442).
70
Tavi II.
rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis sintaqsi
§13. rTuli winadadebis raoba da saxeebi
rTulia winadadeba, romelic ori an meti martivi Tu
Serwymuli winadadebisgan Sedgeba da azrobrivad da into-
naciurad erT mTlian dasrulebul erTeuls warmoadgens.
magaliTad:
1. ôo ×agar deniõ Ùenaõ da:
gaëgđx Cu vexesé ôo ×a×gCe,
dak-bčarkin yanol daô ×icla,
wig ôal winarla ôo ×a×gCe
àSeni danaxva sul sxvaa:
muxlebSi vingrevi Seni xilvisas,
gulis Tvalebs sibere aviwydebaT,
sisxli miaxldeba Seni xilvisas.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 96)
2. u×St viqnor e kawkù stak mã, leki baniõ caxcaxe×né
bekbinor àise eyvira am patara kacs, rom lekebi yvelani
acaxcaxebuliyvnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)
3. ôal qorTmi diCe, le o `bradiag~ co levvoger osiôã,
le oÙuû böjglđr÷ fôu àroca Tavebi maRla auweviaT,
aRarc is `bradiaga~ yofiliyo iq da aRarc imisi
banjgvliani ZaRli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 27)
warmodgenili sami rTuli winadadebidan pirveli oTxi
martivi winadadebisgan Sedgeba, meore or martiv winadade-
71
bas Seicavs, xolo mesame rTul winadadebaSi erTi martivi da
erTi Serwymulia gaerTianebuli.
cnobilia is garemoeba, rom rTulSi Semavali martivi
Tu Serwymuli winadadebebis erT mTelad gaerTianebaSi,
garda zmnis droisa da kilos formebisa, winadadebaTa wyo-
bisa Tu misaTiTebeli da sakavSirebeli sityvebisa, gadam-
wyvet rols asrulebs sagangebo, gamaerTianebeli intona-
cia. aRniSnuli viTareba, cxadia, yovelmxriv zedmiwevniT
fiqsirdeba Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSic.
imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria masSi Semaval martiv Tu
Serwymul winadadebaTa funqciuri urTierTmimarTeba, rTu-
li winadadebis ori saxe gamoiyofa: Tanwyobili da qvewyo-
bili. Tanwyoba gulisxmobs erTimeoris mimarT gramatiku-
lad Tanaswor winadadebaTa SeerTeba-dakavSirebas, xolo
qvewyobis dros xdeba iseT winadadebaTa SeerTeba-dakavSi-
reba, romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT ar arian Tanasworni.
zemoT dasaxelebuli sami rTuli winadadebidan pirve-
li winadadeba Tanwyobilia, meore da mesame ki qvewyobili.
ar arsebobs dRes qarTulSi winadadebaTa Tanwyobisa
Tu qvewyobis raime Sinaarsobrivi niuansi, romlis gadmoce-
mac Tanamedrove wovaTuSurma ver SeZlos sakuTari enobri-
vi saSualebebiT.
rTulSi Semavali martivi Tu Serwymuli winadadebebi
am enaSi, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, erTmaneTs uerTdeba ukav-
Sirod an kavSiris saSualebiT, anu gvaqvs kavSiriani da ukav-
Siro SeerTeba. am mizniT: Tanwyobis SemTxvevaSi maerTebeli
72
kavSirebi funqcionirebs, qvewyobis SemTxvevaSi ki – maqvem-
debarebeli kavSirebi.
§14. majgufebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba
kavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba ufro meti
sixSiriT funqcionirebs wovaTuSur zepirsa da weriTs met-
yvelebaSi, vidre ukavSiro. rTulSi Semaval martiv Tu Ser-
wymul winadadebaTa dasakavSireblad gamoiyeneba yvela sa-
xis maerTebeli kavSiri: majgufebeli, macalkevebeli, mapi-
rispirebeli Tu maigivebeli. maTgan yvelaze xSirad aRniSnu-
li funqciiT majgufebeli kavSirebi gvxvdeba, yvelaze nak-
lebad ki maigivebeli kavSirebi.
aRniSnulis mixedviT gasagebia, rom wovaTuSuri enis
zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi rTuli Tanwyobili winada-
debis qvesaxeebidan majgufebelkavSirians vxvdebiT yvelaze
ufro xSirad. majgufebeli `da~ kavSiris funqcias grZeli
xmovani e asrulebs, romelic winamavali winadadebis bolo
wevrs daerTvis momdevno winadadebasTan sintaqsuri kavSi-
ris gamosaxatavad.
sakavSirebeli funqciiT xmovani e daerTvis winamavali
winadadebis bolo sityvas da afiqsirebs mis mimarTebas mom-
devno winadadebasTan. Sdr.:
a) ukavSiro Tanwyobili winadadeba.
1. vaSas Ùor leôbor, as kalTi bexkras `Zma vaSls krefda
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da, me kalaTSi valagebdi.~
b)kavSiriani Tanwyobili winadadeba.
1. vaSas Ùor leôbor-ã, as kalTi bexkras5 `Zma vaSls
kdefda-da me kalaTaSi valagebdi.~
2. Ùor leôbor vaSas-ã, as kalTi bexkras `vaSls krefda
Zma-da me kalaTaSi valagebdi.~
3. vaSas leôbor Ùor-ã, as kalTi bexkras `Zma krefda
vaSls-da me kalaTaSi vyridi.~
Semasmenlis TurmeobiTis mwkrivis formaze darTuli
makavSirebeli xmovani e, rogorc wesi, fuZis SigniT gadai-
nacvlebs, e xmovnis winamavali xmovani ki maxviliandeba. am
SemTxvevaSi. am SemTxvevaSi iqmneba kavSiriani TurmeobiTis
specifikuri konstruqcia. magaliTad:
turev fxakal lacdinoer, bčarwav daôđ da×Ùnor
`turas kurdReli daeWira-da mgels waerTmivna.~
majgufebel kavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili winadade-
bis magaliTebi werilobiTi teqstebidan:
1. SilReCé SekiTxv÷ dro ×eõenã, so ukve daklevrđ Ta-
svaløsé `meore SekiTxvis droc movida-da me ukve sago-
nebelSi Cavvardi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 104)
2. bu×sì maspinZliv surf darJdin-è, Ĉmaõ gogixđ
xa×bJnor `RamiT maspinZlebs sufra gaeSalaT da yvelani
garSemo Semomsxdariyvnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 120)
5 TvalsaCinoebisaTvis makavSirebeli xmovani e magaliTebSi
sityvebidan gamovyaviT.
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3. aTas cxraas Sauztyđ côa×n Sare buô bolbalin-å s÷ dad
salTexđ vik÷ `aTas cxraas ormocdaerT wels omi daiw-
yo-da mamaCemi omSi waiyvanes.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 69)
4. Ù÷ arev-darevad×alø cxovreb-ã, moZRor co vager fôeô
`mere air-dairia cxovreba da mRvdeli aRar iyo sofel-
Si.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 294)
5. oëÙì ×awiCé droô s÷ naneSé ×ar Telve gaTxovbad×ali-
no-ã, oÙu× meSveobiT moxvedrbadalø s÷ nan-dad alni, bac-
bilo `im mZime dros Cemi deida iyo TelavSi gaTxovili da
imis meSveobiT moxvda Cemi ded-mama alvanSi, wovebSi.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 69)
§15. macalkevebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba
rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi Semavali martivi Tu
Serwymuli winadadebebis SesaerTeblad wovaTuSur enaSi,
iseve rogorc qarTulSi, macalkevebeli kavSirebic funqci-
onirebs. ZiriTadad gvxvdeba: mawy – mawy `xan – xan~, leõeô –
leõeô `gind – gind~, Túd – Túd `Tund – Tund~. maTgan pirve-
li ori kavSiri sakuTriv wovaTuSuria, mesame ki nasesxebia
qarTulidan.
magaliTad:
1. Cu Toôvana×né fsarl-fsarlé mawy nanas fali defcor
sogé, mawy agas ×efcor sogé TiSø ambu× `RamRamobiT
dasaZineblad xan deda miambobda zRaprebs, xan bebia
miyveboda Zvel ambebs.~
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2. leõeô as Rès ôar ma×Jdar baõö Txa qu×Tadã, leõeô Ùö aô
Rob donev `gind me waval dRes wisqvilSi mWadis
mosatanad fexiT, gind xval Sen wadi cxeniT.~
3. gød levnes gasxlad×ebđl vaø venaÙ, gød Ùenaõ laxaT is
saqm ÙeTinç `gind levanma gasxlas Cveni venaxi, gind sxva
vinme monaxeT mag saqmis mcodne.~
macalkevebeli kavSiris funqciiT wovaTuSurSi
gvxvdeba agreTve: ã – ã `-c – -c~, le – le `an – an~, le co – le
co `arc – arc~, le ma – le ma `nurc – nurc~.
`-c – -c~ kavSiris funqcias gameorebis SemTxvevaSi
igive e xmovani asrulebs, romelic Tanwyobil winadadebaSi
pirveli komponentis bolo sityvaSi erTjeradi dafiqsire-
bisas `da~ kavSiris funqcias asrulebda. Sdr.:
a) xmovani e `da~ kavSiris funqciiT:
as Ǥamdö vu×tas qaliqã levö muSebadö vu×tì `me
saswavleblad mivdivar TbilisSi-da levani samuSaod
midis.~
b) gameorebuli xmovani e `-c – -c~ kavSiris funqciiT:
asaä Ǥamdö vu×tas qaliqç, levnã Ǥamdö vu×tì `me-c sas-
wavleblad mivdivar TbilisSi, levani-c saswavleblad
midis.~
gvaqvs:
1. ilkoä, fstubádrđl÷
va, Sa×mlesaä cenex ×oõ×i÷ fstu `iliko-c
colSviliania, Samilma-c wels moiyvana coli.~
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2. le as Ros icx ambu×nmaq Tamaré ×agö, le Tamaré
×olal socø `an me waval mag ambavze Tamaris sanaxavad,
an Tamari movides CemTan.~
3. le as co ×oõ×os fstunaR marixé, le filpes co ×ewå
×ikö `arc me moviyvan marexs colad, arc filipem unda
waiyvanos.~
4. le aô sesxbadeb sù taTeb, le ôe vaSas qoíbebđl
qorTé `an Sen masesxe fuli, an Senma Zmam Seiwuxos Ta-
vi.~
rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis Semadgeneli martivi
Tu Serwymuli winadadebebis dasakavSireblad xSir SemTxe-
vaSi sxva kavSirebTan erTad paralelurad `da~ kavSiric ix-
mareba.
magaliTad:
1. leõeô aô Rob Txa mødri Ùav dacanã, leõeô Ùö as qoíbos
qorTé `gind Sen wadi dRes mindorSi yanis samkalad-
da gind xval me Seviwuxeb Tavs.~
2. fsare mawy maTx bar alniôã, mawy yaré ×aTxer `guSin
xan mze iyo alvanSi-da xan wvimda.~
3. le eTres Toxđl qu×rwlex garmonã, le Ùenaõ laxaT
Toxö ÙeTinç `an eTerma daukras qorwilSi garmoni-da
an sxva naxeT dakvris mcodne.~
4. gød sù Cuqbadeb is tardã, gød se kawku×Cé ×aSen
disđl `gind me maCuqe eg beWedi-da gind Cems patara
das darCes.~
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aRniSnuli variantebi macalkevebelkavSiriani rTuli
Tanwyobili winadadebisa SedarebiT naklebad gvxvdeba wova-
TuSurSi, ris gamoc ver mogvixerxda maTi damowmeba weri-
lobiTi wyaroebidan.
§16. mapirispirebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba
mapirispirebeli kavSirebidan rTuli Tanwyobili wina-
dadebis nawilebis SesaerTeblad wovaTuSurSi funqcioni-
rebs sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva saxiT qarTulidan nases-
xebi kavSirebi: mđ `magram~, `xolo~, `ki~.
CamoTvlilTagan aRniSnuli funqciiT yvelaze gavrce-
lebulia kavSirebi mđ da magram. isini erTi da imave qarTuli
`magram~ kavSiris sxvadasxva dros nasesxebi variantebia. pir-
veli maTgani – mđ – yvelaze adrea nasesxebi da Tanac zepiri
gziT, amitomaa, rom is sagrZnoblad saxeSecvlilia da dRem-
de yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvele-
baSi.
kavSiri mđ yovelTvis iwyebs Tanwyobili winadadebis
meore nawils da apirispirebs Sinaarsobrivad mas pirvel wi-
nadadebasTan. am dros Tanwyobili winadadebis meore nawili
iseT ambavs gadmogvcems, romelic ar aris mosalodneli
pirveli nawilis mixedviT.
magaliTad:
1. maTxèr÷ de dar, mđ nčaõi zora×Sç fSel ×ar `mziani
dRe iyo, magram gareT Zalian cioda.~
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2. niklzes dã-bu×sđ nifsdor, mđ oÙu× ojxex cèm
tyobalar `nikolozi dRe-Rames asworebda, magram imis
ojaxs araferi etyobida.~
3. ta×sç Jeré ×ar, mđ ×aóu×Cé Sromev bádri RaziS daÙdi÷
`taso qvrivi iyo, magram didi SromiT bavSvebi kargad
gazarda.~
4. Tiniké lawiS ×a, mđ skol co cdenad×o `Tiniko ava-
daa, magram skolas ar acdens.~
mđ kavSirs xSirad aZlierebs isev qarTulidan nasesxebi
nawilaki maøc. magaliTad:
1. yaré daô ×eôir, mđ ca×maq maTx maøc co gubaĉ÷ `wvimam
gadaiRo, magram caze mze mainc ar gamoCnda.~
2. winus duÙ Tegseg×i÷, mđ ôalé maøc co lamzar×omakø
`patarZali bevri pranWes, magram mainc ver gaalamazes.~
3. du× zora×Sç itdinaTx, mđ ôaTxreCèx maøc tyu×ô co
ôaTxmakø Txù `cxenebi bevri vaWeneT, magram winaurebs
maøc ver davewieT.~
mđ kavSiris magaliTebi werilobiTi wyaroebidan:
1. Cu Ǥedaxkinç fsti daTxeS ôalé Ùasda×lnor, mđ meôir
a×dgler÷ co daqeqad×a×lnor `msxdomare qalebi
tiriliT wamocveniliyvnen, magram mehiri adgilidan ar
daZruliyo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 144)
2. vorĉ deniô-bu×sđ levdor Txu×lđ ubedur nango,
Ù÷ mđ Sa×ronđ daô a×tnorã, Ùenã daô atdinor `Svidi
dRe-Rame hqonoda gamarTuli satirali ubedur dedas,
magram mere ki TviTonac gaCumebuliyo da sxvebic
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gaeCumebina.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 145)
3. nast ×a×wgeras o ÙeCnair stakox, mđ o musikes
tyvevbad×orasé, gèn co ixmaker sù `ZlivsRa mivdevdi im
ucnaur kacs, magram is musika matyvevebda da gons ver
movdiodi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 178)
rogorc aRvniSneT, wovaTuSur-qarTuli orenovnebis
momdevno periodSi mđ Secvala ukve yovelgvari cvlilebis
gareSe Semotanilma magram kavSirma. gansakuTrebiT xelSesa-
xebad es faqti gacxadda werilobiT wyaroebSi:
magaliTad:
1. iha× qiqlú ambu× ×a, magram duÙ xö co ×a ×axené
iÙu×godolø `esec Zveli ambavia, magram didi dro ar
aris gasuli mas Semdeg.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)
2. zurben zora×Sç Znelbalar winus Cu ×iTar, magram
saWiré dar Jegé vaxar `zurabs Zalian eZneleboda
patarZlis datoveba, magram saWiro iyo, cxvars mTaSi
gahyoloda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 108)
3. bayeõ da, va× fsteiv garmonmaq Toxiné ćmaõ musik Raz÷
ixé, magram ôamaxeõ dakax Ùaõu×nç maøc `wiflu×nđ~ ×a `mar-
Talia, Cveni qalebisgan garmonze Sesrulebuli yvela
melodia kargi gamodis, magram yvelaze metad gulze
mosaxvedri mainc `wiflovanaa~. (miqelaZe 2011 – 236)
4. weltina×né obi alvinç ôalé daxkö Ùeqlar, mđ kostalđ
qor lacvi÷, o voôđ qor lacvi÷ `saaxalwlod isini al-
vanSi amosasvlelad emzadebodnen, magram kostalec da-
iWires, is biWic daiWires.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 289)
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qarTuli enis mapirispirebeli kavSiri `xolo~ wovaTu-
SurSi xoloT saxiT ixmareba. is Cveulebriv iwyebs Tanwyobi-
li winadadebis meore nawils da apirispirebs pirvelTan, mag-
ram am dros iseTi donis dapirispireba aRar gvaqvs, rogoric
es mđ an magram kavSirebis SemTxvevaSi fiqsirdeba. es kavSiri
wovaTuSurSi naklebad gvxvdeba da ixmareba ZiriTadad sasa-
ubro metyvelebaSi.
magaliTad:
1. ninos wa Seglbadebđl, xoloT anas surf darJdebđl `ninom saxli daalagos, xolo anam sufra gaSalos.~
2. se ×aôov RaziS Ǥamodé skole, xoloT vaôov zora×Si
Ǥafal×osé `Cemi gogona kargad swavlobs skolaSi, xo-
lo biWi Zalian marcxvens.~
kavSiri xoloT xSirad Secvlili SinaarsiT, `oRond~
kavSiris funqciiT, gvxvdeba:
1. as is samq ôalé Tag×os, xoloT maôögè xaõiToT `me mag
saqmes gavakeTeb, oRond nuravis gaagebinebT.~
2. ilkos venaÙ ôalé laô×i÷ Txù, xoloT mixos qaniz
ôaWyrex uar aĉø `ilikom venaxi dagvikrifa, oRond
yurZnis gawurvaze mixom uari Tqva.~
mapirispirebel kavSirTagan wovaTuSurSi yvelaze
farTod gamoiyeneba nasesxebi kavSiri ki. isic rTuli Tan-
wyobili winadadebis meore nawilSi ixmareba, magram Cveu-
lebriv mosdevs im sityvas, romelzedac maxvildeba yurad-
Reba.
magaliTad:
81
1. as bazir Rès, aô ki bádrin deb dadol `me bazarSi wa-
val, Sen ki bavSvebs mouare.~
2. se ×aôov RaziS Ǥamodé, voô ki zora×Sç zarmacebala
`Cemi gogo kargad swavlobs, biWi ki Zalian zarmacobs.~
3. miqel Sarn vaxCedolø zora×Sç dadarbada×lnor
ojx÷ wevri, gansakuTrebiT ki marixé lev×or
atar×alinoã, daklevrđ ×axené `miqelis wasvlis mere
Zalian dadardianebuliyvnen ojaxis wevrebi,
gansakuTrebiT ki marexi yofiliyo gaCumebuli da fiq-
rSi wasuli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 130)
§17. maigivebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba
uxucesi wovaTuSebis metyvelebaSi maigivebeli kavSi-
rebi saerTod ara gvaqvs. saTanado situaciaSi gamoiyenebo-
da gaigivebaze morgebuli gamoTqma: u×Stç da mã àisea rom;
ese igi.~
magaliTad:
1. aô is ×aóù saqm ÙeCox valbad×o, u×St da mã sox co
TeSã `Sen mag did saqmes sxvas avaleb, isea rom (e. i.) me
ar mendobi.~
2. ba×sles valux wa daô dexké, u×St da mã latu×nç
comenđ da `basili valSi saxls hyidis, isea rom (e. i.)
damxmare aravin hyavs.~
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bolo dros, qarTul-wovaTuSuri zebilingvizmis pe-
riodSi, axalgazrda wovaTuSTa metyvelebaSi yovelgvari
cvlilebis gareSe damkvidrda orive qarTuli maigivebeli
kavSiri: e. i. da anu.
gavigonebT, magaliTad:
1. aô bolo droô telefonmaq co pa×sxebadoge sù, e. i.
droôaõ vewes ôoxø yastö `Sen bolo dros telefonze
aRar mepasuxebi, e. i. unda drozeve CamogSorde.~
2. zora×Sç ×ané alzö ôalé ×aÙ×aliné, e. i. va×nç Ùö
laëmì co baxmakå doiv `Zalian yofila alazani adide-
buli, e. i. xval Cven mTaSi ver avalT cxenebiT.~
3. mTavrbas gadasaxadi oStiõ ôalo ×aÙ×i÷, anu naxø dard
coôögôã bagå `mTavrobam gadasaxadebi isev gazarda, anu
xalxis dardi aRaravis aqvs.~
§18. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba
rTuli winadadebebi, Tanwyobili Tu qvewyobili, ze-
pirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi ufro xSirad maTi Semadgene-
li martivi Tu Serwymuli winadadebebis kavSiriani gadabmiT
gvxvdeba, radgan kavSiris SemTxvevaSi am nawilebis Sinaar-
sobrivi Tu funqciuri urTierTmimarTeba ufro TvalsaCi-
nod gamoixateba. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, imave weriTsa Tu
zepirmetyvelebaSi sakmaod xSiria maTive ukavSiro gadabmis
SemTxvevebic. aseT dros gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba in-
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tonacias, zmnis droisa da kilos formebs, Sinaarsobriv ur-
TierTmimarTebas rTuli winadadebis nawilebs Soris.
samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba
imis Sesaxeb, rom ukavSiro SeerTeba ufro adrindelia, vid-
re kavSiriani (a. meie – 1938, 375). ivaraudeba, rom ganviTare-
bis adrindel safexurze rTulSi Semavali martivi winada-
debebi erTmaneTis miyolebiT, sagangebo sityvebiT dakavSi-
reba-gadabmis gareSe realizdeboda.
rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi Semavali martivi Tu
Serwymuli winadadebebi kavSiriT uerTdeba erTmaneTs an
ukavSirod, anu gvaqvs kavSiriani da ukavSiro Tanwyobili
winadadeba.
magaliTad:
1. o moČøW SariS darã, kawkù bakal ôoS rusudnecø
da×xnaTx oÙuõ fsarlu×nç `is saSineli wlebi iyo-da
imave saRamos rusudans vewvieT patara pur-mariliT.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 52)
2. welti dar, Ĉmaõ Su× wenbèx qæfebalar `axali weli
iyo, yvela Tavis saxlSi qeifobda.~
dasaxelebuli ori Tanwyobili winadadebidan pirveli
kavSiriania, meore ki ukavSiro. roca rTul Tanwyobil wina-
dadebaSi orze meti martivi Tu Serwymuli winadadebaa ga-
erTianebuli, SeiZleba kavSiriani SeerTebac gvqondes da
ukavSiroc.
magaliTad:
daòeCé sufremaq Ǥedaxker ôaSi, lamzur qorwil darã
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Sarn daxö coôanna leõer `grZel sufrasTan isxdnen
stumrebi, lamazi qorwili iyo-da wasvla aravis undo-
da.~
ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba farTod aris
gavrcelebuli wovaTuSurSi. is gvxvdeba am enis rogorc ze-
pirmetyvelebaSi, ise werilobiT wyaroebSi; fiqsirdeba Tan-
wyobili winadadebis nawilebis ukavSiro gadabmis ramdenime
tipiuri SemTxveva. aseTi gadabma gvaqvs, roca Tanwyobili
winadadebis nawilebSi aRweraa an CamoTvla erTdrouli
movlenebisa, roca gamoxatulia movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba,
an maTive Sinaarsobrivi dapirispireba.
magaliTad:
I. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebSi
CamoTvlaa sxvadasxva ambisa an aRwera.
1. côaõõ cèm co danu×cç admi÷: maxv deõené foTol da-
nu×ca `ara ra yofila adamiani: qaris motanili foToli
yofila.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 225)
2. ćëmaõ daô atarda×lnor, iS coôanna ×aÙma×knor
a×rTe×C xane, bolomcø atiné ×isnor tatuû nan, miql÷
fstu – Tin àyvela gaCumebuliyo, xma veravis amoeRo
karga xans, bolomde Cumad darCeniliyo tatos deda, mi-
qelis coli – Tin.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 131)
ukavSiro Tanwyobili winadadebis dasaxelebul magali-
TebSi aRwera-daxasiaTeba gvaqvs sxvadasxva movlenebisa. pir-
veli Tanwyobili orSemadgenliania, mesame ki sam martiv wi-
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nadadebas aerTianebs ukavSirod. sagulisxmoa, rom ukavSiro
Tanwyobis orsave SemTxvevaSi vlindeba zogadi kanonzomie-
reba, ris Tanaxmadac erTi da imave TanwyobilSi Semaval mar-
tiv winadadebaTa Semasmenlebs drois, kilosa da mwkrivis
formebis zusti Tanxvedra axasiaTebs. Cveni magaliTebis yve-
la zmnas kilo TxrobiTi aqvT, mwkrivi ki TurmeobiTi. rac
Seexeba dros, pirveli Tanwyobilis zmna-Semasmenlebs dro
axlandeli aqvT, meore Tanwyobilis zmna-Semasmenlebs ki –
warsuli.
II. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebi
gamoxatavs movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobas.
magaliTad:
1. Sarn ×ax÷ stabè, Sarn daxe Ǥa, oí÷ lamzur doôđ
`wavida Semodgoma, wavida zamTari, dadga lamazi
gazafxuli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 131)
2. se ×aóu×Cé ×aSas SurCox damTavrbad×i÷ skolđ, as ce-
xen mTavrbad×os, kawkxu×Cov Ùelé damTavrbad×o `Cemma
ufrosma dam SarSanwin daamTavra skola, me wels
vamTavreb, umcrosi gaisad daamTavrebs.~
orsave dasaxelebul ukavSiro rTul Tanwyobil wina-
dadebaSi movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobaa gadmocemuli. pirvel
magaliTSi es Tanamimdevroba zmnebSi drois erTi da imave
formiTaa gadmocemuli, radgan es monacvleoba erT droSi
(warsulSi) ganxorcielda. rac Seexeba meore ukavSiro Tan-
wyobil winadadebas, mis Semadgenel martiv winadadebaSi
zmnebis dro icvleba movlenaTa ganviTarebis drois cvli-
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lebsTan erTad, rac savsebiT kanonzomieria; erTmaneTs mos-
devs warsuli, awmyo da momavali. amave meore magaliTSi yu-
radRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom rTulis nawilebSi fun-
qcionirebadi saerTo sityva `skola~ mxolod pirvel martiv
winadadebaSi fiqsirdeba, momdevno winadadebaSi ki mxolod
igulisxmeba, rac agreTve rTuli winadadebis zogadi kanon-
zomierebaa.
III. Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebs Soris movlenaTa
dapirispirebaa gamoxatuli.
magaliTad:
1. Ĉmaõ ôalé Ùiínor surTen pativ ×iîö, côa taté vis-
nor a×dgle ôalé co ÙeíuS `yvela amdgariyo suraTis
pativsacemad, erTi tato darCeniliyo adgilze.~ (miqe-
laZe 2011 – 133)
2. o aôè vosur koxaxa,
asa ôal lelras tbaTina,
s÷ doka oÙux dowlara,
oÙuû dok tbaTin derwera
`is daeSveboda barisken,
me zeviT vivlidi tbaTanisken,
Cemi guli imas gahyveboda,
imisi guli tbaTanaSi dabrundeboda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
188)
damowmebuli ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebe-
bidan pirveli or martiv winadadebas Seicavs da maTSi gad-
mocemulia urTierTsapirispiro movlenebi. aseTi Sinaarsob-
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rivi dapirispirebis gamomxatveli Tanwyobili winadadeba
Cveulebriv ori martivi winadadebisgan Sedgeba, xolo roca
Tanwyobil winadadebaSi dapirispireba axali saxiT kidev me-
ordeba, meordeba dapirispirebis gamomxatvel winadadebaTa
axal wyvilSi, ris TvalsaCino magaliTsac iZleva meore da-
mowmebuli winadadeba.
dasaxelebuli rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebebidan meo-
re oTx martiv winadadebas Seicavs, romelTagan pirvel or
martivSi calke, damoukidebeli dapirispirebaa movlenebisa
gadmocemuli, meore wyvilSi ki, mesame da meoTxe winadade-
baSi, agreTve sxva, axali dapirispireba. es dapirispireba or-
save SemTxvevaSi imdenad mkveTria, rom orivegan SeiZleba Ca-
isvas romelime mapirispirebeli kavSiri. sagulisxmoa, rom
drois, kilosi da mwkrivis romloba yvela zmna-Semasmenel-
Tan erTmaneTs emTxveva.
ukavSiro Tanwyobil winadadebaSi Semaval martivsa Tu
Serwymul winadadebebs sagangebo intonacia akavSirebs, ro-
melic am komponentebis sruli Sinaarsobrivi damoukideb-
lobis SemTxvevaSic ki maT mTlian, ganuyofel erTeulad
warmogvidgens. garda aRniSnulisa, intonacia rTuli wina-
dadebis nawilebis Sinaarsobriv urTierTmimarTebasac gamo-
xatavs.
magaliTad:
1. yarèl÷ de dar, Saremaq comenđ du×t-daRor `wvimiani
dRe iyo, quCaSi aravin mimodioda.~
2. xko dar, ×aóù sicx laíer, koxđx comenđ meyger
88
`zafxuli iyo, didi sicxe idga, barad aRaravin rCeboda.~
pirvel rTul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi pirveli martivi
winadadebis intonacia saTqmelis daumTavreblobasa da mom-
devno winadadebis arsebobaze migvaniSnebs, meore martivi
winadadebis bolos ki damTavrebulobis intonacia gvaqvs.
rac Seexeba meore magaliTs, aq daumTavreblobis intonacia
gvaqvs rogorc pirveli, ise meore martivi winadadebis bo-
los, damTavrebulobis intonacia ki mesame martivi winada-
debis bolosRaa.
Tu calke gamoyenebisas TiToeul am winadadebas saku-
Tar damTavrebulobaze mimaniSnebeli intonacia aqvs, amje-
rad is daumTavreblobaze mimaniSnebeli intonaciiT icvle-
ba, romelic mxolod rTuli winadadebis bolos iZleva mi-
niSnebas damTavrebulobaze.
garda intonaciisa, rTuli ukavSiro Tanwyobili winada-
debis nawilebis azrobrivi mimarTebis gamoxatvaSi didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba zmnis droisa da kilos formebs. sagu-
lisxmoa am mxriv is garemoeba, rom Cvens mier aqamde magali-
Tebad dasaxelebuli yoveli rTuli ukavSiro Tanwyobili
winadadebis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali winadadebebis zmnebs
erTi da imeve droisa da kilos formebi aqvT.
ukavSiro Tanwyobili winadadebis nawilebis azrobrivi
mimarTebis gamoxatvaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba iseTi sit-
yvebis gamoyenebas, romlebic rTulis komponentebs Soris
arsebul Sinaarsobriv mimarTulebas ufro TvalsaCinod ga-
moxataven. damaxasiaTebelia iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac
89
rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis Semadgenel martivsa Tu
Serwymul winadadebebs saerTo aqvT romelime sitva, erTi
da imave an sxvadasxva wevris funqciiT gamoyenebuli.
magaliTad:
1. maíax ×ager ×aëg×isené e va× qoqrđ kostl÷ Tamaroã,
wye ×aganđ va×xnas `loginadRa iyo STenili am Cveni qoqo-
rianT kostales Tamara da erTxel sanaxavad mivedi.~ (mi-
qelaZe
2011 – 47)
mocemul Tanwyobil winadadebaSi saerTo sityvaa Ta-
maré `Tamari~, romelic dasaxelebulia pirvel nawilSi da
asrulebs qvemdebaris rols, meore nawilSi is igulisxmeba
da gaiazreba ubralo damatebad.
2. aTx Txaø Ùaî-maĉu×n dđ×xraTx o Stolmaqã, rusudnes
mđ Sarinđ deõ÷ `Cven Cveni sasmel-saWmeli amoviReT im ma-
gidaze da rusudanma ki Tavisi moitana.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
53)
saerTo sityva meore magaliTSi aris Ùaî-maĉu×nç `sas-
mel-saWmeli~. is dasaxelebulia rTuli winadadebis pirvel
nawilSi, meoreSi ki igulisxmeba. saerTo sityva orivegan
pirdapiri damatebis rols asrulebs.
saerTo sityva SeiZleba meordebodes kidec rTulis na-
wilebSi, magaliTad:
so ojx÷ vaóux vasé, as bewes qorTé lawbö, as ×ewes e saqm
Tag×ö `me ojaxis ufrosi var, me unda Seviwuxo Tavi, me
unda gavakeTo es saqme.~
90
ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis magaliTebi
wovaTuSuri enis werilobiTi wyaroebidan:
1. côa zora×Sç lamzur ×oô lev×or za×rzenigo, Tamaré
weralé `erTi Zalian lamazi gogo hyolodaT zariZeebs,
Tamari rqmeoda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)
2. Sarn ×ax÷ stabè, Sarn daxe Ǥa, oí÷ lamzur doôđ
`wavida Semodgoma, wavida zamTari, dadga lamazi
gazafxuli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)
3. Txđ tyoõ dok epwé s÷ osævô. mSvidaT, TivuS lamnigé co
ôeWmakå sù `dResac kidev guli mimiwevs iqiT. mSvidad,
mosvenebiT mTebs ver vuyureb.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 44)
4. se bádrole e ambu× zora×Sç ×aĉené ×ar alni, duÙCov
×efcölaTer tyoõđ-tyoõđ `Cems bavSvobaSi es ambavi Zali-
an iyo gavrcelebuli alvanSi, bevri yveboda kidev da ki-
dev.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 158)
5. oÙuû iSaä, daSniaä Txđ tyoõ larkđx laí sù, zarsa wa×nç
iS ×ar o dalocvilego `imisi xma da sityvebi dResac ki-
dev yurebSi midgas, zariviT wkriala xma hqonda im dalocvils.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 179)
91
Tavi III.
rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sintaqsi
§19. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis genezisisa da
struqturis sakiTxebi arc erT mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enas, garda wovaTuSu-
risa, rTuli qvewyobili winadeba ar gaaCnia. wovaTuSurSi is
Camoyalibda qarTuli enis intensiuri, xangrZlivi zegavle-
niT.
sagulisxmoa, rom, ramdenadac rTulad xorcildeba
enebSi morfologiuri interferencia (siaxlis Tavisi sawyi-
si, gardamavali da saboloo damkvidrebis xangrZlivi perio-
debiT), imdenad ufro swrafia da bolomde gamWoli sintaq-
suri interferencia, roca is winadadebaTa SekavSirebisa da
maTive wevrTa funqciuri datvirTvis sakiTxebs exeba. dRes
wovaTuSurSi, romlis morfologiac, miuxedavad qarTuli
enis mravalsaukunovani aqtiuri zegavlenisa, jer isev Ta-
visTavadia da mkveTrad gansxvavebuli qarTulis morfolo-
giisagan, winadadebaTa agebisa da misive wevrTa funqciuri
datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT TiTqmis sruli paralelizmi
gvaqvs am ukanasknelTan.
prof. i. deSerievi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoeba-
ze, rom dResdReobiT arc erT sxva mTis iberiul-kavkasiur
enaSi rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba araa Camoyalibebuli,
maSin roca wovaTuSurSi is ukve rafinirebuli saxiT
92
gvxvdeba; am rigis winadadeba aklia TviT wovaTuSuris uax-
loesad monaTesave CeCnursa da inguSursac ki.
Tanamedrove wovaTuSur enaSi arsebul viTarebas mkvle-
vari qarTuli enis xangrZlivi da intensiuri gavleniT xsnis:
`Эта особенность отличает бацбийский язык от горских
иберийско-кавказских языков, а также от востоко-вейнахского и западновейнахских языков. Сложноподчиненное предложение, которое строится при помощи относительных союзов и относительных слов, развилось в бацбийском языке под влиянием грузинского языка. Однако, относительные союзы и относительные слова возникли из исконно бацбийского языкового материала~ (Дешериев 1953 – 221).
zogadi lingvistikis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa is ga-
remoeba, rom wyaro enidan wovaTuSurSi zedmiwevniT zus-
tad aris gadmotanili mravalferovani sqema rTuli qvewyo-
bili winadadebis agebisa, misaTiTebeli sityvebi da sxva maq-
vemdebarebeli saSualebebi ki Seqmnilia sakuTari leqsikuri
inventaris bazaze isev qarTuli enis saTanado modelis mi-
xedviT. ar moipoveba qarTuli enis winadadebaTa daqvemdeba-
rebisa da gansxvavebul Sinaarsobriv mimarTebaTa gamoxatvis
uCveulod mdidar sitemaSi raime konkretuli modeli, rom-
lis zedmiwevniT morgebul aslsac wovaTuSurSi ver vna-
xavT. naTqvams zedmiwevniT daadasturebs qvemoT Cvens mier
zepiri metyvelebidan Tu werilobiTi wyaroebidan ilus-
trirebuli masala.
rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba mTavari da damokidebuli
winadadebebisgan Sedgeba. mTavari damoukidebeli, wamyvani
winadadebaa, damokidebuli ki – daqvemdebarebuli. erTi wi-
93
nadadebis meorisadmi daqvemdebareba sxvadasxva sintaqsuri
saSualebiT xorcieldeba.
daqvemdebarebis ZiriTad saSualebas Tanamedrove wova-
TuSurSi maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi da mimarTebiTi sityve-
bi warmoadgens. maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi wovaTuSurs
TiTqmis yvela nasesxebi aqvs qarTulidan. aseTia:
mđ `magram~, magram, raki, xoloT.
am rigis kavSirebidan am enas sakuTari aqvs mxolod erTi
-mã `rom~.
magaliTad:
1. molú ×aóù zorol ×a fstuûCù, mã ×a×ln×otu×n
oStiõ Ǥef-weíux qoílalé `rogori didi gmirobaa
qalisa, rom momakvdavi isev sircxvil-namusze wuxdes.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 110)
2. cèm da×ĉnor lekin, raki bacbđ vaserv ToôSã co
dastralé maqr÷ gerw `araferi gamosvliaT lekebs, ra-
ki TuSi kacebi ZilSic ar ixsnidnen Turme iaraRs.~ (miqe-
laZe 2011 – 109)
mimarTebiTi sityvebis rols wovaTuSurSic mimarTebiTi
nacvalsaxelebi da mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi asrulebs. mimar-
TebiTi nacvalsaxelebis rols saTanadod gaformebuli kiT-
xviTi nacvalsaxelebi m÷? `vin?~, Ĉx? `ra?~, menux? `romeli?~,
maclú? `rodindeli?~, molú `rogori?~... asruleben, mimar-
TebiTi zmnizedebis rols ki – aseve sagangeben gaformebuli
kiTxviTi zmnizedebi. aseTi sayrdeni kiTxviTi zmnizedebia:
macö? `rodis?~, macödolø? `rodidan?~, maclomcø? `rodem-
94
de?~, moô? `rogor?~, miCe? `sad?~, miCrenđ? `saidan?~, miCemcø?
`sadamde?~, Ĉxa×né? `ratom?~, stenna×né? `risTvis?~, sten-
ndaîđ? `risǩiǪ gulisTvis?~.
rogorc aRvniSneT, gvaqvs CamoTvlili kiTxviTi nacval-
saxelebisa da kiTxviTi zmnizedebisagan nawarmoebi mimarTe-
biTi nacvalsaxelebi da mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi.
aseTi mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebia:
menđ `vinc~, Ĉxđ `rac~, menuxđ `romelic~, molunđ `rogo-
ric~, maclunđ `rodindelic~, meĉđ / meĉã `ramdenic~… mi-
marTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi Cveulebriv sxvadasxva brunvisa da
ricxvis formiT fiqsirdeba damokidebul winadadebaSi.
magaliTad:
1. ćëmaõ daxk÷ se ×a×ô qu×rwlex, menđ daric Txogo ôaSeR
dexiné `yvela movida Cemi gogos qorwilSi, vi*nc gvyavda
dapatiJebuli.~
2. obi mowyobadalø se klasr÷ umaRlisi, menxu×Cu×Svđ
RaziS Ǥamdor `isini moewyvnen Cemi klasidan umaRles
saswavlebelSi, romlebic kargad swavlobdnen.~
gvxvdeba Semdegi mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi:
macnã `rodesac~, macödolinđ `rodidanac~, maclomcinđ
`rodemdec~, moôã `rogorc~, miCeôđ / miCôã `sadac~, miCemcinđ
`sadamdec~, miCrenaôè `saidanac~, miCemcinđ `sadamdec~,
Ĉxa×nè `ratomac~, stenna×nè `risTvisac~, stenndaîaôè
`risǩiǪ gulisTvisac~.
1. sworeT eôaT stabè lev×or, macnã za×rzenin da×qrđ
zurbes ôaWdiené marWkel oínor sögé `swored maSin
95
Semodgoma yofiliyo, roca zariZeebs abaSiZe zurabis
gagzavnili maWankali misdgomodaT kars.~ (miqelaZe 2011
– 107)
sagulisxmoa, rom mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebisa da mi-
marTebiTi zmnizedebis warmoebis swored iseTi gza fiqsir-
deba wovaTuSurSi, rac ganviTarebis saTanado safexurze
qarTulma gaiara. samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia,
rom qarTuli enis kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebisa da zmnizedebis
mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebad da mimarTebiT zmnizedebad
`gardaqmnas Tavisi istoria aqvs. aseTi evolucia mimarTebi-
Ti sityvebis kiTxviT (resp. CvenebiT) nacvalsaxelTagan
mkveTr gamoyofasa da maT mier sakuTari sintaqsuri funqci-
ebis gamomuSavebas gulisxmobs. ukve didi xania, cnobilia is
faqti, rom mimarTebiTi sityvebi kiTxviTi (resp. CvenebiTi)
nacvalsaxelebisagan warmoiSva~ (dondua 1949 – 203).
rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis Semadgeneli martivi Tu
Serwymuli winadadebebis Sinaarsobrivi da formaluri mi-
marTebis ganmtkicebis TvalsazrisiT, garkveul rols asru-
lebs mTavar winadadebaSi warmodgenili iseTi sityva, rome-
lic damokidebul winadadebas gvavaraudebinebs. aseTi sit-
yvebis rols CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi da zmnizedebi asrle-
ben; maTs zogad mniSvnelobas ganmartavs da akonkretebs da-
mokidebuli winadadeba. es sakorelacio sityvebi ama Tu im
wevris rols asruleben mTavarSi.
sakorelacio funqciiT wovaTuSuri enis qvewyobil wi-
nadadebaSi gvxvdeba Semdegi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: i / e
96
`es~, is `eg~, iStú / haStú `aseTi~, oStú `iseTi~, iÙumfl÷ /
eÙumfl÷ `amdeni~, oÙumfl÷ `imdeni~…
magaliTad:
1. oStú niWier vanor taté, mã ôamivaõ gadawyvetadi-
nor o Ǥamda sazRvargareT ôaWvar `iseTi niWieri yofi-
liyo
tato, rom yvelas gadaewyvita misi saswavleblad
sazRvargareT gagzavna.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 132)
sakorelacio funqcias asruleben agreTve Semdegi Cve-
nebiTi zmnizedebi:
osi `iq~, ise / ese `aq~, isi `mand~, iSt `ase~, u×St `ise~,
uÙna×raT `iseTnairad~, eôaT `maSin~…
magaliTad:
1. Ù÷ e Tx÷ ag... u×SǩtǪç zora×Sç dak ôa×Wnor, mã moCvenbi
damarTbad×a×lnor `mere es Cveni bebia... ise Zalian
damwuxrebuliyo, rom Cvenebebi damarTvoda.~ (miqelaZe
2014 – 52)
sakorelacio sityvebi mTavariw winadadebis romelime
wevris rols asruleben yovelTvis. damowmebul bolo or
magaliTSi sityva oStú `iseTi~ asrulebs gansazRvrebis
rols, xolo u×SǩtǪç `ise, iseTnairad~ viTarebis garemoebaa.
sakorelacio anu misaTiTebeli sityvebi umetes Sem-
TxvevaSi iwyeben mTavar winadadebas, magram zogjer Sua an
bolo poziciasac ikaveben. Sdr.:
97
1. o xö-Jam lev×or, macnã rusudnes ôaloW ×ogral ambu×
va×ReS `is dro-Jami yofila, roca rusudani lamis lapa-
rakobda ukve Cveneburad.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 54)
2. marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar, bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or
`Zalian kargoba swored maSin iyo, rodesac wovaTuSebi
wovaTuSurad laparakobdnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 194)
3. s÷ báder co moqcevala u×SǩtǪç, mã Sarø ojax Ǥafal×lé
`Cemi Svili ar moiqceva ise, rom Tavisi ojaxi
Searcxvinos.~
damokidebuli winadadeba ufro xSirad mosdevs mTa-
vars, magram gvxvdeba agreTve mTavaris winac da SuaSic.
magaliTad:
1. sogé lark ǤefniSi menđ da×Sì, Ĉmaõ da×Sì sox saëbì
xawina `Cemi yurismgeblebi vinc xarT, yvelani Cemze ǩuf-
roǪ naswavlebi xarT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 211)
2. laraõ osi miCax bčark Ùaõbinas, mã xiv Ĉnax lestodé
`uceb iq sadRac Tvali movkari, rom wyali raRacas
aqanavebda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 157)
3. wye, macnã taté opere levvor, scenenmaq nikloz÷
suraT ×eõnor `erTxel, roca tato operaSi yofiliyo,
scenaze nikolozis suraTi SemoetanaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
133)
qvewyobili winadadebis dasaxelebuli sami magaliTidan
damokidebul winadadebas pirvelSi mTavris wina pozicia
ukavia, meoreSi – mTavaris momdevno, mesameSi ki mTavaris Su-
aSia moqceuli.
98
wovaTuSur enaSi gvaqvs imdenive da imave saxis qvewyobi-
li winadadeba, ramdeni da ra saxis qvewyobili wiandadebac
qarTulSi fiqsirdeba, kerZod: qvemdebaruli damokidebuli
winadadeba, damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, garemoe-
biTi damokidebuli winadadeba, gansazRvrebiTi damokidebu-
li winadadeba, Semasmenluri damokidebuli wiandadeba, Se-
degobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, pirobiTi damokidebu-
li winadadeba da daTmobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
damokidebul winadadebaTa umetesoba ama Tu im kiTxvaze
mogvigebs. kiTxvaSi Sedis mTeli mTavari winadadeba, pasuxs
ki damokidebuli winadadeba iZleva. damokidebuli winada-
deba imave kiTxvaze pasuxobs, razec misi Sesabamisi wevri
mTavarSi, kerZod: qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba
qvemdebaris kiTxvaze pasuxobs, garemoebiTi damokidebuli
garemoebis kiTxvaze da a. S. magaliTad:
1. oStú lamzur lev×or winus, mã ćëmaõ oÙu×gé
ôifsralé `iseTi lamazi yofiliyo patarZali, rom yvela
mas uyurebda Turme.~
2. u×sç daxnor nax vaSbar, miCôã kreb ×aric daniSnod×iené
`iq Sekrebiliyo xalxi, sadac kreba iyo daniSnuli.~
damowmebuli magaliTebidan pirveli qvewyobili winada-
debis mTavars daesmis kiTxva:
molú lamzur ×ar Tamaré? àrogori (ranairi?) lamazi
iyo Tamari?~
pasuxia: oStú àiseTi.~
àmagram saxeldobr rogori?~
99
pasuxi: mã ćëmaõ oÙu×gé ôifsralé àrom yvela mas uyu-
rebda Turme.~
damokidebuli winadadeba xsnis mTavarSi CvenebiTi nac-
valsaxeliT gadmocemul gansazRvrebas da kiTxvac gansaz-
Rvrebisa daesmis. aRniSnuli viTarebis gamo es damokidebu-
li winadadeba gansazRvrebiTia.
gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs meore qvewyobil winada-
debaSi. aq mTavars daesmis kiTxva:
miC daxnor nax? àsad Sekrebiliyo xalxi?~
pasuxia: u×s `iq~.
àiq, magram saxeldobr sad?~
pasuxi: miCôã kreb ×aric daniSnod×ené àsadac kreba iyo
daniSnuli.~
damokidebuli winadadeba xsnis mTavarSi zmnizediT gad-
mocemul viTarebis garemoebas da kiTxvasac viTarebis gare-
moebisas daisvams. es niSnavs, rom mocemuli damokidebuli
winadadeba viTarebis garemoebiTia.
§20. qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba
qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba asrulebs qvem-
debaris rols mTavari winadadebis SemasmenelTan, an konkre-
tuli SinaarsiT avsebs mTavar winadadebaSi nacvalsaxeliT
gadmocemuli qvemdebaris zogad mniSvnelobas. magaliTad,
ganvixiloT winadadeba:
100
bacbilo zora×Sç daóù Ǥef dar, mã dadas báder le a×rkç
xaõdoraloã, le ôalé ecralé `wovaTuSebSi didi sircxvili
iyo, rom mamas Svili an kalTaSi Caesva, an kidev xelSi aeyvana.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 201)
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria – bacbilo
zora×Sç daóù Ǥef levdor àTuSebSi Zalian didi sircxvili
yofiliyo.~ mis Semasmenels Ǥef levdor àsircxvili yofi-
liyo~ qvemdebare aklia. mocemul SemTxvevaSi qvemdebaris
rols damokidebuli winadadeba asrulebs. is pasuxobs kiT-
xvaze:
Ĉx dar Ǥef? àra iyo sircxvili?~
pasuxi: dadas báder le a×rkç xaõdoraloã, le ôlé ec-
ralé àmamas Svili kalTaSi Caesva-da an xelSi aeyvana.~
yovelive zemoTqmulis mixedviT cxaddeba, rom mocemu-
li damokidebuli winadadeba qvemdebarulia.
rogorc zeviT gvaqvs aRniSnuli, damokidebuli winada-
debis kvalifikaciis sakiTxSi gansakuTr ebul rols asru-
lebs mTavarSi warmodgenili sakorelacio sityva. mocemu-
li TvalsazrisiT ganvixiloT Semdegi winadadeba:
Txabus seCu ôaSeR co veõ÷ o, menã ôamaxeõ zora×Sç stexras
àwuxel CemTan stumrad ar movida is, visac yvelze metad
velodi.~
amjerad mTavari winadadebaa Txabus seCu ôaSeR co veõ÷ o
àwuxel CemTan stumrad ar movida is.~
mocemul mTavarSi sakorelacio sityvaa o àis~, rome-
lic qvemdebaris rols asrulebs. damokidebuli winadadeba
101
xsnis mTavarSi nacvalsaxeliT gadmocemuli qvemdebaris zo-
gad mniSvnelobas. aRniSnulis mixedviT irkveva, rom mocemu-
li damokidebuli winadadeba qvemdebarulia.
qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba umetes Sem-
TxvevaSi mosdevs an uswrebs mTavars. orsave zemoT ganxi-
lul rTul winadadebaSi qvemdebaruli damokidebuli mos-
devs mTavars. rogorc aRvniSneT, xSirad is uswrebs kidec
mTavars.
magaliTad:
1. se ma×rvaS÷ we mã we, o stak var saqmunmaq ise `Cemi mazlis
saxeli rom hqvia, is kaci iyo saqmeze aq.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –
201)
2. menã somfl÷ da, o gajibrbalibđl sox leTCo `vinc Cemi
tolia, is gamejibros WidaobaSi.~
qvemdebaruli damokidebuli mTavari winadadebis SuaSi
naklebad gvxvdeba, magram mainc gvaqvs amis SemTxvevebi.
magaliTad:
1. o, mã admenev Sarø báder daqebadolù, Txa tyoõ naxef da
bacbilo `is, rom adamianma Tavisi Svili aqos, dRes kidev
sircxvilia TuSebSi.~
2. oÙus, ôanã i ambu× ×eõ÷ Sú, axdi÷Sì `man, vinc es ambavi
mogitanaT, mogatyuaT.~
qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba upasuxebs qvem-
debaris kiTxvebze: m÷? `vin?~ (sax. br.), ôö? `vin?~ (moTx. br.), Ĉx? `ra?~ (sax. br.), stev? `ram?~. nacvalsaxeli, romlis gan-
martebasac damokidebuli winadadeba iZleva, dgas qvemdeba-
102
ris erT-erT brunvaSi: saxelobiTsa an moTxrobiTSi. misi
brunvis sakiTxi wydeba masTan Sewyobili zmnis gardamavlo-
ba-gardauvlobis mixedviT. zmnis gardauvlobis SemTxvevaSi
mocemuli TvalsazrisiT angariSi eweva mis gvarsac da piris
romlobasac.
qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebis korelatebad
mTavarSi gamoiyeneba CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e `es~, o `is~,
is `eg~ da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli ćëmaõ `yvela, yve-
laferi~ saxelobiTsa an moTxrobiT brunvaSi, mxolobiTsa an
mravlobiT ricxvSi:
a) zmna gardauvalia, korelati-nacvalsaxeli saxelo-
biTSi dgas:
o, menã a×Sç lexu×Sç, Cuô co va `is, visac Tqven eZebT,
saxlSi ar aris.~
b) zmna gardamavalia, korelati-nacvalsaxeli moTxro-
biTSia:
oÙus, ôanã i moÙ daweradbi÷, ×aóù saqm Tag×i÷ `iman, vinc
es leqsi dawera, didi saqme gaakeTa.~
misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli umetes SemTxvevaSi warmod-
genilia mTavarSi, magram zogjer is gamotovebulicaa da
martivad SeiZleba aRvadginoT, radgan advilad igulisxme-
ba. variantebi advilad enacvleba erTmaneTs. Sdr.:
a) ukorelato varianti:
ôanã alu×nđ daplanod×ar÷ gegm Sedgenad×i÷, ×aóù saqm
Tag×i÷ `vinc alvnis gaplanianebis gegma Seadgina, didi
saqme gaakeTa.~
103
b) korelatiani varianti:
ôanã alu×nđ daplanod×ar÷ gegm Sedgenad×i÷, oÙus ×aóù
saqm Tag×i÷ `vinc alvnis gaplanianebis gegma Seadgina,
iman didi saqme gaakeTa.~
misaTiTebeli sityvis gamotoveba gamoricxulia mxo-
lod maSin, roca is gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeliTaa gadmo-
cemuli. magaliTad:
ćëmaõ ôalé asrulbadalø sù, Ĉnã danatrodinas
`yvelaferi amisrulda, rac vinatre.~
qvemdebarul damokidebul winadadebas mTavarTan aer-
Tebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimarTebiTi nac-
valsaxelebi menđ / menã `vinc~, Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac~, menuxđ `rome-
lic~ – saTanado brunvisa da ricxvis formiT. maTgan kavSiri
menđ / menã `vinc~ ixmareba mxolod maSin, roca mTavris qve-
medbared adamiani igulisxmeba, yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi ki
funqcionirebs kavSiri Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac.~
magaliTad:
1. daô co dicla sù, aô mã so, axmitr÷ vaRu×n, alznelo
vđòrex visva×Ùra `ar maviwydeba, Sen rom me, axmetidan
momavali, alazanSi daxrCobas gadamarCine.~
– Ĉx co dicla sù? `ra ar maviwydeba?~
2. Cuô o bčarvax÷ sù, menã co stexras `saxlSi is damxvda,
visac ar velodebodi.~
– m÷ bčardax÷ sù Cuô? `vin damxvda saxlSi?~
3. oÙus owdebđl tot, ôanã iÙ saqmlo sù lecé fe `iman
aswios xeli, vinc am saqmeSi me miWers mxars.~
104
– ôö owdebđl tot? `vin aswios xeli?~
4. RaziS tyobala is vaôox, moluCé nanas va gaÙviené
`kargad etyoba mag biWs, rogori-c dedis gazrdilia.~
– Ĉx tyobala is vaôox RaziS? `ra etyoba mag biWs
kargad?~
§21. damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
damatebiTia damokidebukli winadadeba, romelic asru-
lebs ama Tu im saxis damatebis funqcias mTavarTan mimarTe-
biT, an xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT
gadmocemuli damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas. wovaTuSur
enaSi imdenive saxis damateba gvaqvs, ramdenic qarTul enaSi
funqcionirebs, kerZod: pirdapiri damateba, iribi damateba
da ubralo damateba. Sesabamisad, damokidebuli winadade-
bac imdenive saxisaa, gvaqvs: pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebu-
li winadadeba, iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba da
ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
I. pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba pirdapirdamatebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, rome-
lic asrulebs pirdapiri damatebis rols mTavari winadade-
bis SemasmenelTan, an xsnis mTavar winadadebaSi nacvalsaxe-
liT gamoxatuli pirdapiri damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.
105
pirdapiri damateba wovaTuSurSi zmnis pirTan Sewyobi-
li saxelia, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, im gansxvavebiT, rom
klasniSniT gamoixateba da ara pirisniSniT. gansxvaveba gvaqvs
im mxrivac, rom qarTulSi pirdapiri damateba brunvacvale-
badia, wovaTuSuris zmnasTan ki igi mudmivad, nebismieri
mwkrivisa Tu seriis formasTan, saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas. am
tipis damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba maSinaa SesaZle-
beli, roca mTavari winadadebis Semasmeneli gardamavali
zmniTaa gadmocemuli.
magaliTad:
nikos knaTilor÷ qu×rwlex daCok obi bæxnor, menã oÙu×n
fex babwer `nikos biWebidan qorwilSi marto isini dae-
patiJna, visac is axlos icnobda.~
mocemuli winadadeba rTuli qvewyobilia, sadac mTava-
ria nikos qu×rwlex knaTilor÷ daCok obi bixnor ànikos biWe-
bidan qorwilSi marto isini daepatiJna.~ damokidebuli ki
aris menã oÙu×n fex babwer àvisac is axlos icnobda.~ moce-
mul mTavar winadadebaSi sakorelacio sityvaa obi àisini~;
Semasmeneli bæxnor àdaepatiJna~ gardmavalia da masSi war-
modgenilia sakorelacio sityvis – pirdapiri damatebis –
mravlobiTobis klasniSani TavsarTi b-. mTavar winadadebas
daesmis kiTxva: knaTilor÷ qu×rwlex meniS bixnor nikos? àbi-
Webidan qorwilSi vin daepatiJna nikos?~
yvela niSnis mixedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winada-
deba pirdapirdamatebiTia, is xsnis mTavarSi nacvalsaxeliT
gadmocemuli pirdapiri damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.
106
pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis misaTi-
Tebeli sityvebis rols mTavarSi asrulebs swored igive
CvenebiTi da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, rac gvqonda
qvemdebaruli damokidebulis SemTxvevaSi.
esenia: e `es~, is `eg~, o `is~, ebi / ebe `eseni~, ifsi `egeni~,
obi `isini~, Ĉmaõ `yvela~, daniõ `yvelaferi.~
gansxvavebas maT Soris mocemul SemTxvevaSi qmnis is ga-
remoeba, rom zmnis gardamavloba-gardauvlobis mixedviT
qvemdebaris rolSi isini moTxrobiTsa, an saxelobiT brunva-
Si gvxvdeba, pirdapiri damatebis SemTxvevaSi ki mxolod gar-
damaval zmnebTan da mxolod saxelobiTi brunvis formiT
funqcionireben.
pirdapirdamatebiTi saxis damokidebul winadadebas
mTavarTan aerTebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã àrom~ da mi-
marTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: menđ / menã àvinc~, Ĉxđ / Ĉxã àrac~.
magaliTad:
1. coôanã deõ÷ sù saCuqreR o, vunã zora×Si stexras – kuø
vardi `aravin momitana saCuqrad is, rasac Zalian
velodebodi – TeTri vardebi.~
2. daô dicdinas Ĉmaõ, ôangè sikeTå co ×ago×makø sù
`daviviwye yvela, visac sikeTe ver davanaxe.~
3. fôeô ôamivaõ o dexor mTavrbax, mã setyvas ×eõené zaral
anazRaërebad×oralé `sofelSi yvela imas sTxovda
mTavrobas, rom setyvis moyenebuli zarali aenazRaure
bina.~
107
sagulisxmoa, rom pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli
winadadebis misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli mTavarSi xSirad
aris gamotovebuli da is advilad igulisxmeba im SemTxveva-
Si, roca is araa gansazRvrebiTi ćëmaõ `yvela~, an daniõ
`yvelaferi, yovelive~ nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatuli.
magaliTad:
1. Txalomcø defcé alni, moô vaôir osi alznev Cu
×čog×aløCé ôeïkikel Tasvaliné bRujrö mixel `dRemde
yvebian alvanSi, alazanma rogor Caitana Catexili zvavis
qveS Cavardnili bRujoanT mixeili.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 238)
2. e melodia zora×S dakox Ùaõu×nç ×aã, dakÙelé ôaminaõ,
mã bednierebđ, ubidrobđ ôaminaõ qu×rTmaq ×a `es melodia
Zalian gulze mosaxvedria, STaagonebs yvelas, rom
bednierebac da ubedurebac yvelas Tavsaa.~ (miqelaZe
2014 – 240)
3. ÙeCnair ambu× Tag×alø Ù÷. daklavrđ, xaw÷ baían nanā
qoíxola×né `sxvanairi ambavi moxda mere. ifiqrebdi,
gaigona mTvarem dedebis wuxilio.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 167)
pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis pozicia
mTavaris mimarT sxvadasxvanairia, ufro xSirad is mosdevs
mTavars, magram gvxvdeba mTavaris wina poziciaSic da SuaSic.
Sdr.:
1. co ǤefxeTeS ćëmaõ daô dicdi÷ a×nkos, vunã Txalomcø
as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas `usircxvilod yvelaferi dai-
viwya
anikom, rac dRemde me mas kargi gavukeTe.~
108
2. vunã Txalomcø as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas, co ǤefxeTeS
ćëmaõ daô dicdi÷ a×nkos `rac dRemde me mas kargi
gavukeTe, usircxvilod yvelaferi daiviwya anikom.~
3. ćëmaõ, Ĉnã Txalomcø as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas, co
ǤefxeTeS daô dicdi÷ a×nkos `yvelaferi, rac dRemde me
mas kargi gavukeTe, usircxvilod daiviwya anikom.~
mocemul magaliTebSi pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebu-
li winadadebaa: vunã Txalomcø as oÙu×n Raz÷ Tagdinas àrac
dRemde me mas kargi gavukeTe~; pirvel SemTxvevaSi mas mTav-
ris momdevno pozicia ukavia, meoregan is mTavris wina dgas,
mesame magaliTSi ki is mTavris SuaSia moqceuli. rogorc
aRvniSneT, rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavrisa da pirda-
pirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis ganlagebis samive
varianti fiqsirdeba wovaTuSurSi metnaklebi sixSiriT.
II. iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
mocemul sakiTxSi wovaTuSuri enis viTareba Tavisebu-
ria im mxriv, rom tradiciulad aq iribi damateba zmnaSi ara
fiqsirdeboda raime formantiT. Tu qvemdebare da pirdapiri
damateba klasniSnian zmnebSi yovelTvis gamoixateboda
klasniSniT, iribi damateba mudmivad gamouxatavi rCeboda.
metyvelebis procesSi mas gamoarCevda saxelis uTandebulo
brunvis-micemiTis gansakuTrebuli formebi. es formebi ic-
vleba zmnis Sinaarsobrivi niuansebis Sesabamisad, ris safuZ-
velzec wovaTuSurSi oTxi saxis micemiTi brunvaa gamoyofi-
109
li saTanado formantebiT. es brunvebia: micemiTi I (mawarmo-
ebeli formantia sufiqsi -n), micemiTi II (sufiqsi -go), mice-
miTi III (sufiqsi -gé), micemiTi IV (sufiqsi -x).
rogorc aRvniSneT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brun-
vis mravalsaxeobas iwvevs saxelTan Sewyobili zmnis gansxva-
vebuli Sinaarsobrivi niuansebi. magaliTad, Tu zmna masTan
Sewyobili saxeliT aRniSnuli sagnebis sasargeblo moqme-
debas gamoxatavs, saxeli nariani micemiTis formiT Seewyoba
mas, xolo roca am TvalsazrisiT viTardeba sapirispiroa, sa-
xeli -go-sufiqsiani micemiTis formas iRebs.6
am mxriv viTareba Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi ucvleli
darCa, magram kardinalurad Seicvala zmnaSi iribi obieqtis
formaluri gamoxatvis sakiTxi. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs amje-
rad is garemoeba, rom qarTuli enis intensiuri zegavleniT
bolo dros ukve iribi damateba piris niSniT gamoixateba
wovaTuSuri enis zmnaSi. aRniSnuli interferentuli pro-
cesiT gamowveuli cvlilebis Sedegad iribi damatebisa da
zmnis formaluri urTierToba TiTqmis gaTanabrda am or ena-
Si, gansxvavebas axla ukve wovaTuSurSi arsebuli micemiTi
brunvis mravalsaxeoba qmnis.
mocemuli viTarebis mixedviT SegviZlia ganvacxadoT,
rom Tanamedrove wovaTuSurSi iribi damateba zmnis iribi
obieqturi piris fardi saxelia. Sesabamisad, iribdamatebi-
Tia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic asrulebs iribi da-
matebis rols mTavari winadadebis SemasmenelTan, an kidev
6 dawvrilebiT ix. miqelaZe 2011 – 21-50.
110
xsnis da azustebs mTavar winadadebaSi misaTiTebeli nacval-
saxeliT gadmocemuli iribi damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.
iribdamatebiTi damokidebulis Semcveli rTuli qvew-
yobili winadadebis mTavarSi misaTiTebel sityvebad gvxvde-
ba igive CvenebiTi da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, rac
qvemdebarulsa da pirdapirdamatebiT damokidebul winada-
debebSi dafiqsirda, kerZod, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e
`es~, o `is~, is `eg~ da gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi:
ćëmaõ / Ĉmaõ `yvela, yvelaferi~. mTavarSi warmodgenili
korelatebis kiTxvebadac igive m÷? `vin?~ da Ĉx? `ra?~ nac-
valsaxelebi ixmareba. sagulisxmoa isic, rom kavSirebadac
igive mimarTebiTi menđ / menã `vinc~ da Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac~ nac-
valsaxelebi funqcionirebs, romlebic amjeradac isev da-
mokidebuli winadadebis Semasmenlis Sesatyvis brunvaSi
warmogvidgebian.
miuxedavad amdeni damTxvevisa, iribdamatebiTi damoki-
debulis Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis specifi-
kas qmnis is garemoeba, rom CamoTvlili CvenebiTi, gansaz-
RvrebiTi da kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi mocemul SemTxvevaSi
oTxi zemoT CamoTvlili ganxsvavebuli micemiTi brunvis
formiT warmogvidgebian.
magaliTad:
1. as daCok oÙu×-n Cuqbados s÷ Jagné, ôanã dok diîoS
ôalé xaïé qorTi laTiné bolèmcø `me mxolod imas vaCu-
qeb Cems wigns, vinc guldasmiT waikiTxavs Tavidan bo-
lomde.~
111
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria as daCok
oÙu×n Cuqbados s÷ Jagné àme mxolod imas vaCuqeb Cems wigns~;
damokidebulia ôanã dok diîoS ôalé xaïé qorTi laTiné
bolomcø àvinc Tavidan bolomde waikiTxavs guldadebiT.~
mTavari winadadebis misaTiTebel sityvas warmoadgens
CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli oÙu×-n `imas~, romelic mocemulia
nariani micemiTis formiT da pasuxobs iribi damatebis kiT-
xvaze ôann? `vis?~
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelic na-
rian micemiTSia gaformebuli, iribi damatebis imave kiTxvaze
pasuxobs damokidebuli winadadebac. CamoTvlili yvela niS-
nis mixedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba iribdama-
tebiTia.
2. taTeb oÙar-go aôđl yuiv, ôögoôã duÙ da böke gagdiené
`fuli imaT hparon qurdebma, visac bevri aqvs bankSi Se-
naxuli.~
mocemul rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: taTeb
oÙar-go aôđl yuiv àfuli imaT hparon qurdebma~; damokide-
bulia ôögoôã duÙ da böke gagdiené àvisac bevri aqvs bankSi
Senaxuli~. daqvemdebarebisaTvis damaxasiTebeli yvela saxis
mimarTeba mTavarTan amjeradac iribi damatebisTvis niSan-
dobliv -go-sufiqsian micemiTSi gaformebuli korelatiTa
da maqvemdebarebeli kavSiriT aris gamoxatuli. gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba imasac, rom damokidebuli winadadeba
iribi obieqtis kiTxvaze pasiurobs. SegviZlia amjeradac da-
112
vaskvnaT, rom ganxiluli damokidebuli winadadeba iribda-
matebiTia.
3. wa oÙu×-gé dewiS TagdiTö, ôögoôã ×aóù gamocdileb ×a
`saxli imas unda gaakeTebinoT, visac didi gamocdileba
aqvs.~
saanalizo rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria Sem-
degi winadadeba: wa oÙu×-gé dewiS TagdiTö àsaxli imas unda
gaakeTebinoT~; damokidebulia ôögoôã (< ôögé? àvis?~) ×aóù
gamocdileb ×a àvisac didi gamocdilba aqvs.~
amjerad ukve iribi damatebis gadmosacemad mocemul
rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi -gé-sufiqsiani micemiTi fun-
qcionirebs: am brunvaSia warmodgenili korelati, am brunva-
Si dgas mTavris mimarTi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelic. cxadia,
rom mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba iribdamatebiTia,
raki kiTxvac iribi damatebisa daesmis.
4. doS oÙu-x TeSdebaT, ôanã ÙeCon Raltbadar co
kisrbado `sityva mas andeT, vinc sxvis Ralats ar
ikisrebs.~
mocemul rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria doS
oÙu-x TeSdebaT àsityva mas andeT~; damokidebulia ôanã
ÙeCon Raltbadar co kisrbado àvinc sxvis Ralats ar ikis-
rebs.~ aq yvelaferi zemoT warmodgenili sqemis mixedviT
aris realizebuli – mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba
yvela niSnis mixedviT iribdamatebiTia, erTaderTi gansxva-
veba zemoT ganxiluli sxva saxis pirdapirdamatebiTi damoki-
113
debuli winadadebebisagan -x-sufiqsiani micemiTis gamoyene-
baSi mdgomareobs.
ganxilul sailustracio magaliTebSi erTmaneTis mi-
marT mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebebis pozicia erTna-
iria: oTxsave SemTxvevaSi mTavari uswrebs, damokidebuli
mosdevs mTavars. mTavari da iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli
winadadebebis aseTi mimdevroba yvelaze farTod aris rea-
lizebuli wovaTuSurSi, Tumca sakmaod xSiria maTive Seb-
runebuli wyobis SemTxvevebic, mTavarSi moqceuli iribda-
matebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ki am enaSi TiTqmis ar
gvxvdeba.
davasaxelebT mTavrisa da iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli
winadadebebis Sebrunebuli mimdevrobis magaliTebs:
1. ôögôã somaq amag ×a, oÙu×n bčđ leõeS la×tas `visac Cem-
ze amagi aqvs, imas yovelTvis siamovnebiT davexmarebi.~
2. menã fsare gakveTilmaq co dar, uCitles oÙargé Txa
bodiS bčofiT÷ `vinc guSin gakveTilze ar iyo,
maswavlebelma imaT dRes bodiSi moaxdevina.~
3. ôanã Sa×r droô co gaToÙnadi÷, oÙargo simød daô
daydalø `vinc Tavis droze ar gaToxnes, imaT simindi
gauxmaT.~
4. is Jagné högôã ôalé xaïiné da, oÙux xaïaT is ambu× `eg
wigni visac wakiTxuli aqvs, imas hkiTxeT eg ambavi.~
misaTiTebeli sityva iribdamatebiTi damokidebulis
Semcvel Cvens mier damowmebul yvela rTuli winadadebis
mTavarSi saxezea, magram zogjer is SeiZleba arc iyos war-
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modgenili. Cveulebriv es damaxasiaTebelia gabmuli metyve-
lebisaTvis, sadac konteqstis mixedviT misi gaTvaliswineba
advilia.
magaliTad:
1. zora×Sç qast÷ ÙiTnor nan, støCoôđ ×aric saqm `Zalian
male mimxvdariyo deda, raSic iyo saqme.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
107)
2. ôögè xaõiTnaTx, haminaõ zora×Si RosxeTø oÙ busluCé
Sekreb÷ ambu× `visac gavagebineT, yvelas Zalian gauxarda
imRamindeli Sekrebis ambavi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 165)
III. ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
axla, roca wovaTuSuri enis iribi damatebac qvemdeba-
resa da pirdapir damatebasTan erTad qarTuli enis gramati-
kul sqemaze gadaerTo da piris niSani gaiCina, ubralo dama-
teba ukve upirisniSnobiT SegviZlia davupirispiroT sxva sa-
xis damatebebs: pirdapirsa da iribs. aseT SemTxvevaSi realu-
ria ukve misi Semdegi ganmarteba: `ubraloa damateba, rome-
lic ar aris Sewyobili zmnis obieqtur pirTan.~
ubralo damateba am enaSi Cveulebriv arsebiTi saxeliT
da nacvalsaxelebiT gadmoicema, zogjer ki – gaarsebiTebu-
li sxva metyvelebis nawilebiTac. igi uTandebuloa, an Tan-
debuliani. misi brunvebia: micemiTi, naTesaobiTi, moqmedebi-
Ti da gardaqceviTi (viTarebiTi), kiTxvebad ki daesmis `vin?~
115
da `ra?~ kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi im brunvis formiT, ra
brunvis formiTac TviTon ubralo damatebaa gadmocemuli.
winadadebaSi ubralo damateba ZiriTadad Semasmenels
axlavs: ôaSi doiv daxk÷ àstumrebi cxenebiT movidnen~;
gvxvdeba winadadebis sxva wevrebTanac:
qvemdebaresTan: masTxu×cø buô gamarjvbev damTavrbad-
balø àmterTan omi gamarjvebiT damTavrda.~
damatebasTan: garmonmaq Tefxar Ǥamdos àgarmonze dak-
vras vswavlob.~
gansazRvrebasTan: sicxogor÷da qoídaløCé ôaSiv ÷ le-
xor àsicxisgan Sewuxebuli stumrebi Crdils eZebdnen.~
garemoebasTan: báder Cu xaõ÷ gakviTli Ǥam×ö àbavSvi daj-
da gakveTilebis saswavleblad.~
sxva saxis damokidebul winadadebebTan erTad wovaTu-
SurSi aqtiurad funqcionirebs ubralodamatebiTi damoki-
debuli winadadeba. ubralodamatebiTia damokidebuli wina-
dadeba, romelic asrulebs ubralo damatebis rols mTavari
winadadebis romelime wevris mimarT, an kidev xsnis da azus-
tebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT gadmocemuli ubralo
damatebis zogad mniSvnelobas.
magaliTad:
øc ukve stemaxeõ qoílas, Ĉxã s÷ saqm ×aã, co ×a `axla uk-
ve yvelaferze vwuxdebi, rac Cemi saqme aris da ar aris.~
mocemul SemTxvevaSi mTavari winadadebaa øc ukve stemaxeõ
qoílas àexla ukve yvelagferze vwuxdebi~; damokidebulia
Ĉxã s÷ saqm ×aã, co ×a àrac Cemi saqme aris da ar aris.~ sakorela-
116
cio sityvaa stemaxeõ àyvelaferze~, kavSirad ki warmodgeni-
lia mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli Ĉxã àrac~. mTavars daesmis kiT-
xva stenax qoílas øc ukve? àraze vwuxdebi exla ukve?~
saanalizo winadadebaSi sakorelacio sityva asrulebs
ubralo damatebis rols da kiTxvasac mTavari winadadeba
ubralo damatebisas daisvams, ris gamoc damokidebuli wina-
dadeba aris ubralodamatebiTi.
sagulisxmoa, rom ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis
Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sarealizacio sqe-
ma TiTqmis mTlianad emTxveva iribdamatebiTi damokidebu-
lis Semcveli qvewyobilisas, kerZod:
1. gvaqvs igive sakorelacio sityvebi:
a) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e `es~, o `is~, is `eg~, ebi /
ebe ~ `eseni~, ifsi `egeni~, obi `isini.~
b) gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli: Ĉmaõ / ćëmaõ àyvela-
feri, yvela.~
2. igivea kavSirebad gamoyenebuli mimarTebiTi nacvalsa-
xelebi: Ĉxđ / Ĉxã àrac~, menđ / menã àvinc.~
3. igivea mTavris mimarTi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi: m÷?
àvin?~, Ĉx? àra?~
4. meordeba sakavSirebeli, misaTiTebeli Tu kiTxviTi
sityvebis brunvebi: micemiTi I (-n-sufiqsiani), mic. II (-go-su-
fiqsiani), mic. III (-gé-sufiqsiani), mic. IV (-x-sufiqsiani).
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, am ori saxis rTul qvewyobil
winadadebas Soris seriozul gansxvavebas qmnis is garemoeba,
rom:
117
1. iribi damateba axlavs mxolod pirian zmna-Semasmenels,
ubralo damateba ki sintaqsur wyvils qmnis pirian zmnebTa-
nac da gaarsebiTebuli Tu gazedsarTavebuli upiro zmniT
gadmocemul sxva wevrebTanac winadadebisa;
2. iribi damateba mxolod uTandebulod ixmareba yvela
saxis micemiTSi, ubralo damateba ki Tandebulianic gvxvde-
ba xSirad.
3. garda micemiTi brunvisa, ubralo damateba wovaTu-
SurSi xSirad gvxvdeba sxva brunvaSic: saxelobiTSi, moT-
xrobiTSi, moqmedebiTSi da viTarebiTSi.
davasaxelebT ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis Sem-
cvel rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis magaliTebs:
1. oÙu×na×né (Tandebuliani micemiTi – àimas-Tvis~)
gametebados a×sù diené Cxødri, ôannđ waniS Ùmarbadö ÙeTå
`imisTvis gavimeteb Cem moqsovil windebs, vinc kargi
xmareba icis.~
2. oÙu×gor÷ (Tandebuliani micemiTi – àimas-gan~) ste-
xos daxmareb, ôannmaqđ amag ×a sogo `imisgan velodebi
daxmarebas, viszec amagi maqvs.~
3. ×aóù Secdom ×a oÙux (uTandebulo micemiTi – àimas~)
TeSar, menã RaziS co dapw ôù `didi Secdomaa imisi ndo-
ba, visac kargad ar icnob.~
4. Tin oÙuv (uTandebulo moqmedebiTi – àimiT~) amyebala,
Ĉnã Sa×rù da×cç Tagdiené `Tina imiT amayobs, rac Tavisi
gakeTebulia.~
5. dal oÙuR (uTandebulo gardaqceviTi – àimad~) ma
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verwvebalasé, ôanã denle valar natrodo `RmerTi imad
nu gadamaqcevs, vinc sicocxleSi sikvdils natrobs.~
garda zemo aRniSnulisa, wovaTuSuri enis ubralo dama-
teba amave enis irib damatebasTan mimarTebiT kidev erT arse-
biTi xasiaTis gansxvavebas gviCvenebs. Tavisebureba amjerad
SemdegSi mdgomareobs.
mimReobasa Tu sawyisTan qvemdebarisebr, pirdapirobieq-
tisebr Tu iribobieqtisebr ubralo damatebad Sewyobili
saxeli inarCunebs formas imave brunvebisa, riTac isini (qvem-
debare, pirdapiri Tu iribi damateba) ukavSirdebodnen piri-
an zmnas. Sesabamisad:
I. qvemdebarisebri ubralo damateba gardamavali zmnis
sawyissa da mimReobasTan moTxrobiT brunvaSia warmodgeni-
li, gardauvali zmnis sawyissa da mimReobasTan – saxelobiT-
Si, an moTxrobiTSi;
II. imave kategoriis saxelebTan Sewyobili iribdamatebi-
sebri ubralo damateba mudmivad micemiTSia, pirdapirdama-
tebisebri ubralo damateba ki aseve yovelTvis saxelobiT
brunvaSia.
Sdr.:
1. a) gardamavali zmnis piriani forma: dadas aSenbadi÷
àmamam aaSena.~
b) gardamavali zmnis mimReoba: dadas aSenbadiené àmamam
aSenebuli.~
g) gardamavali zmnis sawyisi: dadas aSenbadar àmamam
aSeneba.~
119
2. a) gardauvali zmnis piriani forma: báder doJ÷ àbavSvi
waiqca.~
b) gardauvali zmnis mimReoba: doJené báder àwaqceuli
bavSvi.~
g) gardauvali zmnis sawyisi: báder doJar àbavSviǩsǪ
waqceva.~
analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs iribsa da pirdapir damate-
bebTan mimarTebiTac.
aRniSnuli viTareba, cxadia, saTanado gavlenas axdens
qvemdebarisebri, iribdamatebisebri Tu pirdapirdamatebi-
sebri ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis Semcvel rTul
qvewyobil winadadebaSi warmodgenili sakorelacio, sakav-
Sirebeli Tu kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelis formaze. konkretuli
viTarebis mixedviT es nacvalsaxelebi saxelobiT brunvaSic
Segvxvdeba, moTxrobiTSic da micemiTSic.
magaliTad:
I. mTavarSi warmodgenili misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli
moTxrobiT brunvaSia:
oÙus (àiman~) Cuqbadiené Jagné dewå sù, hannđ Jagnuû max
xeõicç àiman naCuqari wigni minda, vinc wignis fasi icis.~
II. misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli saxelobiT brunvaSi:
sù o (àis~ – sax. br.) aĉö leõ, vunã Sugé Txalomcø coôanã
aĉøda `me is (imis) Tqma minda, rac TqvenTvis dRemde ara-
vis uTqvams.~
III. aô oÙu×n (àimas~) latar loõdina, ôannđ Ùenaõ comenđ
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letå `Sen imas (imis) daxmareba moimdome, visac sxva ara-
vin exmareba.~
garda mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebisa, ubralo damatebi-
Ti damokidebuli winadadeba mTavars xSirad uerTeba maqvem-
debarebeli mã àrom~ kavSiriT.
magaliTad:
1. sù Sugé o (àis~) xaõiTö leõ, mã is saqm ôalé co Tagla
øc `me imis gagebineba minda TqvenTvis, rom eg saqme ar ga-
keTdeba axla.~
2. tyveni denæô-busê oÙux daklevir, mã banker÷ moôeÙda
Su×n dewer aôdalö `tyveebi dRemde imaze fiqrobdnen,
rom rogorme banakidan unda gaparuliyvnen.~
3. se nango oÙuû gasqö miCe ×ar, mã Txo nifsiCé naymaq
oídoralé – swavl-ganaTleb loralé Txù `dedaCems
imis SesZlebloba sad hqonda, rom Cven swor gzaze dave-
yenebineT – swavla-ganaTleba moeca CvenTvis.~ (miqelaZe
2014 – 70)
mTavarTan dasakavSireblad aRniSnuli saxis damokide-
bulSi zogjer erTdroulad gvxvdeba esa Tu is mimarTebiTi
nacvalsaxelic da kavSiri mã àrom.~
magaliTad:
1. oÙu×na×né co gametbad×omak sù côanaxcôa ×a×nç ×oô,
ôannđ mã fstu×n RaziS gag×ö co makå `imisTvis ver
gavimeteb Cems erTaderT qaliSvils, visac rom qalis
kargad Senaxva ar SeuZlia.~
2. sù oÙu×na×né metbala daCok sikeTå, ôannđ mã o
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dafasbad×an ÙeTã, daô co ×icla `me imisTvis memeteba
mxolod sikeTe, vinc rom misi dafaseba icis da ar
iviwyebs.~
rogorc yvela sxva saxis damokidebuli, ubralodamate-
biTi damokidebulic umetes SemTxvevaSi mosdevs mTavars.
aseTia mTavrisa da ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winada-
debis poziciuri urTierTmimarTeba Cvens mier dasaxelebu-
li ubralodamatebiTi damokidebulis Semcveli rTuli
qvewyobili winadadebis yvela magaliTSi.
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, mocemuli saxis damokidebuli
winadadeba mTavris wina poziciaSic xSirad gvxvdeba, mTav-
ris Sida poziciaSi ki is Zalian iSviaTad fiqsirdeba.
magaliTebi, sadac ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli wi-
nadadeba mTavriswina poziciaSia:
1. ôanæ imed ×ar sogo daxmarb÷, ôamigor÷daôoõ uar
miRebadinas `visic imedi mqonda me daxmarebisa, yvelas-
gan uari miviRe.~
2. Ĉne mã comacnã ôalé co asrulbala, oÙux daklevar
×aóù gùwol moí sù `rac rom arasodes asruldeba, ima-
ze fiqri didi sisulele mgonia.~
3. menã mã Cuô dagur yùCè buôlo, oÙu×gor÷da xeõ sù is
ambu× `vinc rom Sig eria axalgazrdobis CxubSi, imisgan
gavige eg ambavi.~
122
§22. gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
gansazRvrebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic
raime niSnis mixedviT axasiaTebs anu gansazRvravs mTavari wi-
nadadebis arsebiTi saxeliT gamoxatul romelime wevrs, an
kidev gadmogvcems aseT wevrTan gansazRvrebad dakavSire-
buli misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxelis konkretul Sinaarss. mo-
cemuli saxis damokidebuli winadadeba mogvigebs gansaz-
Rvrebis kiTxvebze, kerZod:
menux? `romeli?~, molú? `rogori?~, meĉ? `ramdeni?~,
ôa×nç? `visi?~, stinç? / stenø? `risa?~, miCr÷? `saidan? / sada-
uri?~, maclú? `rodindeli?~, stenair? `ranairi?~…
gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis korelate-
bad gvxvdeba saTanado CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e `es~, o
`is~, is `eg~, iStú `aseTi~, oStú `iseTi~, eÙumfl÷ `amdeni, am-
xela~, oÙumfl÷ `imdeni, imxela~, eÙnair `amnairi~, uÙnair
`imnairi~, eôaTlú `maSindeli~…
damokidebuli winadadebis mTavarTan mimarTebas yvela-
ze xSirad maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã àrom~ gamoxatavs, mag-
ram saTanado SemTxvevaSi aseve xSirad asrulebs imave fun-
qcias mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi:
menuxđ `romelic~, molunđ / mu×lnã `rogoric~, meĉã
`ramdenic~, ôanæ / ôa×nđ `visic~, stinæ / stenæ `risic~, miCrenđ
`sadauric~, maclunđ `rodindelic~, meĉđ / meĉã `ramdenic~,
stenairđ `ranairic~…
magaliTad: oStú lamzur levdor næfani Sikeõ, mã ôeWuS co
123
Ǥapmakralé admenen `iseTi lamazi yofiliyo nefioni (ne-
fe da patarZali), rom yurebiT ver gaZReboda Turme
adamiani.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)
mocemul rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: oStú
lamzur levdor næfani Sikeõ `iseTi lamazebi yofiliyvnen
nefe-patarZali oriveni~; damokidebulia mã ôeWuS co Ǥap-
makralé admenen `rom yurebiT ver gaZRebnoda Turme adamia-
ni.~ korelatia CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli oStú àiseTi~, rome-
lic mTavar winadadebaSi asrulebs gansazRvrebis rols; da-
mokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs gansazRvrebis kiTxvaze
molú? àrogori?~
yvela mocemuli niSnis mixedviT ganxiluli damokide-
buli winadadeba gansazRvrebiTia.
analogiurad qarTulisa, gansazRvreba wovaTuSurSi
ori saxisaa: atributuli da substantiuri. sazRvrulTan
urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT orive saxis gansazRvreba gar-
kveul Taviseburebas gviCvenebs sakvlev enaSi. atributuli
gansazRvrebis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom garda
saxelobiTisa, yvela sxva brunvaSi -Co sufiqss dairTavs da
ubrunvisniSnod Seewyoba sazvruls. rac Seexeba substanti-
ur gansazRvrebas, is saxelobiTSi sazRvruls naTesaobiTi
brunvis formiT Seewyoba, sxva brunvaSi ki naTesaobiTi
brunvis fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili. aRniSnuli garemoeba,
cxadia, saTanado gavlenas axdens korelatebisa Tu sakavSi-
rebeli sityvebis formaze.
124
magaliTad:
oStu-Cé stakø imed ×a sogo, ôanæ vaJkacb÷ ambu× ôaminaõ
xawen×a `iseTi kacis imedi maqvs, visic vaJkacobis ambavi
yvelas gagonili aqvs.~
mocemul winadadebaSi misaTiTebeli nacvalsaxeli
oStú àiseTi~ sazRvrulis naTesaobiTi brunvis formasTan
Co-sufiqsiani ubrunvisniSno fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili,
xolo mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli ôanæ / ôa×nđ àvisic~ naTesao-
biTi brunvis formas warmoadgens kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelisa
ôa×nç? àvisi?~
gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba umetes Sem-
TxvevaSi mosdevs mTavars, naklebad gvxvdeba mTavriswina po-
ziciaSi, xolo rac Seexeba mTavrisSua pozicias, aq is, sxva
saxis damokidebulTagan gansxvavebiT, sakmaod xSirad fiq-
sirdeba.
magaliTad:
a) gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris
momdevno poziciaSi.
1. oStú niWier vanor taté, mã ôamivaõ gadawyvetadi-
nor o Ǥamdö sazRvargareT ôaWvar `iseTi niWieri yofi-
liyo tato, rom yvelas gadaewyvita misi saswavleblad
sazRvargareT gagzavna.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 132)
2. oStú mawrø dđxar levdor i naxgo vaSicø eôaT, mã daniõ
Tamar mefå maTxox dadralé `iseTi tkbili cxovreba
hqonoda am xalxs erTmaneTTan maSin, rom yvelani Tamar
mefis mzes ficulobdnen Turme.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 198)
125
3. o pirob daô mamacnã ×ico×é, Ĉnã yùle ×a×ĉraô sé `im
pirobas nurasodes daiviwyeb, rac axalgazrdobaSi
momeci.~
4. oÙuû imed ×ar Txogo, ubnereCé bádrigo, mã ba×í maSa×ô
dedmiw gogix ×erwar co deôlar Txogo àimis imedi
gvqonda Cven, ubnel bavSvebs, rom mTvaris Suqze dedami-
wis Semotrialeba ar gamogvepareboda~. (miqelaZe 2014 –
166)
b) gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris wi-
na poziciaSi:
1. ôanã RaziS Ǥamodé, uÙ bádrin skolas qeb÷ sigeli da-
rigbadi÷ `vinc kargad swavlobs, im bavSvebs skolam qe-
bis sigelebi dauriga.~
2. macnã yenđ, baxđ co xiĉugå, oStuCé droô ×đxö leõer sù
`rodesac Raribi da mdidari aRar iqneba, iseT droSi
mindoda cxovreba.~
3. miCôe iónè da, uÙ naymaq du× TxiloS leldebaT! `sadac
mkveTri daxrilobaa, im gzaze cxenebi frTxilad ata-
reT!~
g) gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris
SuaSi:
1. ôeï÷ o naWer, stennmaqđ sogo qok laíer, xiv Sarn
×oï×or `zvavis is naWeri, romelzedac me fexi medga,
wyals mihqonda.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 43)
2. o lekđ stakgo, ôanã o báder datdiøc, zora×Sç
RaziCé dakø fstu gu×aĉ÷ `im lekis kacs, vinc is bavSvi
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moitaca, Zalian kargi gulis coli aRmoaCnda.~ (miqela-
Ze 2011 – 118)
3. o fstu×né, ôanæ ambu× ×efcor sogé nanas, waro
×axraloã, mehir weralé `is qali, vis ambavsac miyveboda
deda, waroSi cxovrobda Turme da mehiri rqmeoda.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 143)
§23. garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavarTan fun-
qciuri Tu poziciuri mimarTebis imave principebiT realiz-
deba, rac gvqonda qvemdebaruli, damatebisebri Tu gansaz-
RvrebiTi damokidebulis SemTxvevaSi da fiqsirdeba imdeni-
ve saxis garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, ra saxeebic
gaaCnia TviTon garemoebas; gvaqvs: droisgaremoebiTi damo-
kidebuli winadadeba, adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba, viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba,
mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba da miznisga-
remoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
I. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
droisgaremoebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic
asrulebs drois garemoebis rols mTavarTan mimarTebiT, an
kidev xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli zmnizediT
127
gadmocemuli drois garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas. misi
kiTxvebia:
macö? `rodis?~, maclomcø? `rodemde?~, macödolø? `ro-
didan?~, meĉ xane? `ramden xans?~
mTavarSi korelatebad gvxvdeba Semdegi zmnizedebi: øc
`exla~, eôaT `maSin~, dudax `weRan~, øcdolø `amieridan~,
eôaTdolø `maSindlidan~, dudaxdolø `weRandelidan~,
øclomcø `aqamde, am dromde~, eôaTlomcø `iqamde, manamde, im
dromde~, oÙumfleCé xane `imden xans~, icxumfleCé xane `mag-
den xans~, eÙumfleCé xane `amden xans~…
mTavarTan damokidebulis sakavSirebel ZiriTad saSua-
lebas kavSiri mã àrom~ warmoadgens. konkretuli viTarebis
mixedviT imave funqcias asruleben agreTve mimarTebiTi
zmnizedebi: macnã àrodesac, roca~, maclomcinđ àrodemdec~,
macödolinđ àrodidanac~, meĉ xaneôđ àramden xansac~…
magaliTad:
1. marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar, bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu×
×or `rogori Zalian didi kargoba iyo maSin, TuSebi
(bacbebi) TuSurad (bacburad) rom laparakobdnen.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 194)
mocemul rTul orSemadgenlian winadadebaSi mTavaria
marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar àrogori Zalian didi kargoba iyo
maSin~; damokidebulia bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or àTuSe-
bi TuSurad rom laparakobdnen.~
128
damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs drois garemoebis
kiTxvaze macö dar Raznđ? àrodis iyo kargoba?~ da xsnis misa-
TiTebeli eôaT àmaSin~ zmniszedis zogad mniSvnelobas.
dasaxelebuli yvela niSnis mixedviT ganxiluli damoki-
debuli winadadeba drois garemoebiTia.
2. tyu×ôsølú sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes, macnã
maq leki ÙeTø eõmaq sufren gogix ǤedaxkCu×Sn `bolo
sadRegrZelos ambobda Turme Tamada, rodesac Tavs
lekebi daesxnen mwvane molze sufris garSemo
msxdomareebs.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 109)
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria tyu×ôsølú
sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes `ukanasknel sadRegrZe-
los ambobda Turme Tamada~; damokidebulia macnã maq leki
ÙeTø eõmaq sufren gogix ǤedaxkCu×Sn `rodesac Tavs lekebi
daesxnen mwvane molze sufris garSemo msxdomareebs.~ mTa-
var winadadebas aklia korelati, anu ara aqvs drois garemo-
ebis amsaxveli wevri, ris gamoc mas daesmis drois garemoe-
bis kiTxva macö levbor Tamdes tyu×ôsølú sadRegrZelo?
àrodis ambobda Tamada ukanasknel sadRegrZelos?~
dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxs iZleva damokidebuli winadade-
ba, anu is asrulebs drois garemoebis rols mTavarTan mimar-
TebiT. yvela niSnis mixedviT ganxiluli damokidebuli wina-
dadeba drois garemoebiTia.
sagulisxmoa, rom drois garemoebiTi damokidebulis
Semcveli qvewyobili winadadeba sxvebTan SedarebiT gaci-
lebiT meti sixSiriT funqcionirebs wovaTuSuri enis zepir-
129
metyvelebasa Tu werilobiTs wyaroebSi, rac Sepirobebuli
unda iyos im gansakuTrebuli roliT, rac drois faqtors
ukavia adamianis piradsa Tu sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
drois garemoebiTi damokdiebuli winadadeba samsave pozi-
ciaSi fiqsirdeba mTavris mimarT: TavSic, SuaSic da bolo-
Sic.
magaliTad:
a) droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris
momdevno poziciaSi:
1. ×uymaíde levdor, macnã wøgor nayv uÙ deni laëmì
du×tniSi meRorđ wyaru×gé óa×Cnor `SuadRe yofili-
yo, roca winagoris gziT im dRes mTaSi mimavlebma meRo-
ris
wyaros miaRwies.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 108)
2. sworeT eôaT stabè lev×or, macne za×rzenin da×qrđ
zurbes ôaWdiené marWkel oínor sögé `swored maSin
Semodgoma yofiliyo, roca zariZeebs abaSiZe zurabis
gagzavnili maWankali misdgomodaT kars.~ (miqelaZe 2011
– 107)
3. eôaT cu× Teĉer, macne mã aTxa zurita ixora `maSin
ar sjobda, roca rom zuretSi davdiodiT.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 163)
4. Txđ tyoõ dakv ôeWyé sù, macnã oÙuû natyirđl÷ bčarki
dakixé sù `dResac isev guli miWers (mtkiva), roca misi
cremliani Tvalebi magondeba.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 55)
130
b) droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris-
wina poziciaSi:
1. macnã bčex vaser ôafsbö ÙaW baÙøc fôexobiv, levé ojxe
lazren Ùa×Cnor vaxar, vaÙu×Cé vaSen `rodesac omSi
kacebis gagzavnaze wili eyaraT soflelebs, leos ojax-
Si lazars Sexvedria wasvla, ufros Zmas.~ (miqelaZe 2011
– 129)
2. macnã vaôox ôerCeS nan daô mal×alø, døjaT, co qastlaS
maq vaxnoer dad vaôon, WčaRoS, vaJka×craT daôđ ôa×rCnor
`roca Svilis xvevniT deda daiRala, dinjad, auCqareb-
lad misuliyo mama SvilTan da magrad, vaJkacurad Caek-
ra gulSi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 121)
3. savarZlđx ǤebaxkeCé vaWrilor÷ macnã gamoZaxbadvu×nç
comenđ vis÷, sanigo qokimaq laíinç su×mö daklevadvinor
`savarZlebSi msxdar vaWarTagan roca gamosaZaxebeli
aRaravin darCa, karebTan fexze mdgari simoni moekiT-
xaT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 155)
4. sanam as ifsi daklevdoras, o ǤarWiS dofxdaløCé naxø
alzö daô Tiĉ÷ sox `sanam me mageebs vfiqrobdi, is
SavadCacmuli adamianebis mdinare (alazani) gamcda.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 177)
5. Ĉnã aTx rusTil÷ alu×n Camosaxlbada×lnaTx, eôaT-
dolø duÙ dro ×ax÷ `rac Cven alvanSi CamovsaxldiT ru-
seTidan, maSindlidan didi dro gavida.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –
69)
131
g) droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris
Sua poziciaSi:
1. øcaä, macnã Sugé e daSni defcos, oStiõ o bčarkiv
naTbado sù saxex, baxé bčarkiv... `axlac, roca mis am
sityvebs gadmogcemT, isev is saocari Tvalebi minaTeben
saxes, baxvas Tvalebi...~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 29)
2. qiqoõ, macnã lekianob ×ar, duó moČø ambu× Teglar
`winaT, roca lekianoba iyo, bevri cudi ambavi xdeboda.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 118)
3. wye, macnã taté opere levvor, scenenmaq nikloz÷
suraT ×eõnor `erTxel, roca tato operaSi yofiliyo,
scenaze nikolozis suraTi SemoetanaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
133)
4. eôaTdolø, skolas mã dikraTva× eqskursienmaq, so mcxe-
Ta co xiĉen×ag `mas Semdegidan, skolam rom eqskurisia-
ze wagviyvana, me mcxeTaSi aRar vyofilvar.~
5. eôaT, aTx mã kawkù bakal ôoS rusudö ×agö daxer, o
moČøW SariS dar `majSin, Cven rom cotaodeni saWmliT
rusudanis sanaxavad wavediT, swored is gausaZlisi
wlebi iyo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 52)
droisgaremoebiT damokidebul winadadebasa da mis mTa-
vars xSirad moepovebaT saerTo sityva, romelic gamotove-
bulia oriveSi da igulisxmeba wina naTqvamisa Tu zmnis pirian
formaTa mixedviT; xSirad aseTi SemTxvevebic gvaqvs, roca
saerTo sityva dasaxelebulia erT-erTSi, meoreSi ki igu-
lisxmeba.
132
magaliTad:
1. macnã ôal qorTmi di÷, le o `bradiag~ co levvoger
osiôã, le oÙuû böjglđr÷ fôu `rodesac Tavebi aswies,
aRarc is `bradiaga~ yofiliyo iq da aRarc misi
banjgvliani ZaRli.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 25)
2. taté mã Ǥamdđ safrögiT vaxer, eôaT icxu×na×né u×s
comenđ ixor `tato rom saswavleblad safrangeTSi wavi-
da, maSin magisTvis iq aravin dadioda. ~
3. ćëmaõ mokiTxodinas, macnã ôaSilé Cu ignas `yvela
movikiTxe, roca stumrebSi Severie.~
II. adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba asru-
lebs mTavarSi gamotovebuli adgilis garemoebis rols, an
xsnis da azustebs mTavar winadadebaSi misaTiTebeli zmnize-
diT gadmocemuli adgilis garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas.
adgilisgaermoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxve-
bia: miCe? / miCux? `sad, ra adgilas?~, miCrenđ? `saidan? ~, mi-
Cemcø? `sadamde? ~, miCivô? `saiTken?~
mTavar winadadebaSi korelatebad gvxvdeba misaTiTebe-
li zmnizedebi: ese `aq~, isi~ `mand~, osi `iq~, esernđ `aqedan~,
isirnđ `mandedan~, osirnđ `iqidan~, esemcø `aqamde~, isimcø
`mandamde~, osimcø `iqamde~, ese×vô `aqeTken~, isivô `mandeT-
ken~, osivô `iqiTken~.
133
adgilis garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebas mTavar-
Tan aerTebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimarTde-
biTi zmnizedebi miCôã `sadac~, miCrenaôè `saidanac~, miCemcinđ
`sadamdec, sadamdisac~, miCe×vôđ `saiTkenac~.
magaliTad:
1. alu×nç baRu×nç Sivè, oÙuû naybistđ Su× Jevaõ osi
binebalar, miCôã uCø xiĉur `alvanSi momavali Sio da misi
amxanagi TavianTi cxvriTve iq binavdebodnen, sadac dau-
RamdebodaT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 51)
2. daô oídebal i lamzur TefSđ, miCôe Ùeni TefSi datic!
`gadadgi ra es lamazi TefSic, sadac sxva TefSebi ala-
gia!~
magaliTad dasaxelebul pirvel qvewyobil winadadebaSi
mTavaria alu×nç baRu×nç Sivè, oÙuû naybistđ Su× Jevaõ osi bi-
nebalar `alvanSi momavali Sivo da misi amxanagi TavianTi
cxvriTve iq binavdebodnen~; damokidebulia miCôã uCø xiĉur
`sadac dauRamdebodaT~. mTavar winadadebaSi gvaqvs kore-
lati, adgilis zmnizeda osi `iq~; damokidebuli winadadeba
pasuxobs adgilis garemoebis kiTxvaze miCe binebalar Sivè,
oÙuû naybistđ? `sad binavdebodnen Sio da misi amxanagi?~ da
azustebs korelatis zogad Sinaarss. CamoTvlili niSnebis
mixedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba adgilis gare-
moebiTia.
meore qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria daô oTídebal i
lamzur TefSđ `gadadgi ra es lamazi TefSic~, xolo damoki-
debulia miCôã Ùeni TefSi datic `sadac sxva TefSebi alagia~.
134
mTavarSi ara gvaqvs adgilis garemoeba, damokidebuli wina-
dadeba ki pasuxobs adgilis garemoebis kiTxvaze da asru-
lebs imave wevris rols mTavris mimarT, ris gamoc is adgi-
lisgaremoebiTia.
adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba samsave
poziciaSi fiqsirdeba mTavris mimarT: TavSic, SuaSic da
momdevnodac, Tumca yvelaze xSirad momdevno poziciaSi
funqcionirebs.
magaliTad:
a) adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-
ris momdevnmo poziciaSi:
1. duÙ nax Tivur ôaTxeõ u×sç, xãn qoxmđx, miCôã øc tbaTinaû
×as÷ gorkni laíå `bevri xalxi isvenebda winaT iq, xis
qoxmaxebSi, sadac axla tbaTanis carieli gorebi dgas.~
2. osimcø lilnaTx TuSiT daxö manqanev, miCrenaôè ukve
aRmarTđ ×ebllar `iqamde viareT TuSeTSi asasvlelad
manqaniT, saidanac ukve aRmarTi iwyeboda.~
3. kaxiTaû mefå bacbin dđxö adgil ×aĉrex osimcø
Sepirbadvalø, miCemcinđ alnirna xaxkøCé donen baxmaker
`kaxeTis mefe TuSebs sacxovrebeli adgilis micemas
iqamde Sehpirda, sadamdec alvnidan gaWenebuli cxeni
ivlida.~
b) adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-
ris wina poziciaSi:
1. miCôã co divè, u×s cèm dacmak ôù `sadac ar daTes, iq
verafers moimki.~
135
2. miCôã muSebadö ×ol×a×lnas, miCxmaõ saqm CaSlad×alø
sogo `sadac muSaoba daviwye, yvelgan saqme CameSala.~
3. miCemcinđ maker sù lelö, osimcø lixnas baviné ×eí
mødre `sadamdec SemeZlo siaruli, iqamde veZebe min-
dorSi dakarguli Zroxa.~
g) adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-
ris SuaSi.
roca adgilis garemoebiTi damokidebuli mTavris Sua-
Sia da sakavSirebel saSualebas mimarTebiTi zmnizeda war-
moadgens, is TiTqmis yovelTvis wevrkavSiriT iwyeba da uSu-
alod mosdevs korelats:
magaliTad:
1. osi, miCôã `vefxistyaosö~ dexklar, ×aò÷ rig laíer `iq,
sadac `vefxistyaosani~ iyideboda, grZeli rigi idga.~
2. osimcø, miCôã Sobö fôe ba, manqan÷ niy co bu×tì `iqamde,
sadac fSavlebis sofelia, samanqane gza ar midis.~
3. osirnđ, miCã va× du×tì ôaSeR, sù qu×TaT ×ux co ×aõmakå
`iqidan, sadac Cven mivdivarT stumrad, me fexiT ukan ver
davbrundebi.~
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, zogjer gvxvdeba iseTi Sem-
Txvevebic, roca amgvari mimdevroba darRveulia.
magaliTad:
osi, TiSiCé Teatr÷ Senob miCôã laíric, iustici÷ wa
Tagdi÷ `iq, Zveli Teatris Senoba sadac idga, iusticiis
saxli aaSenes.~
136
sagulisxmoa, rom kavSiris poziciuri ganawilebis mxriv
sapirispiro viTareba iqmneba, roca adgilisgaremoebiTi da-
mokidebuli winadadeba mTavars maqvemdebarebeli mã `rom~
kavSiriT uerTdeba: es kavSiri arasodes dgas damokidebu-
lis TavSi, anu arasodes iwyebs mas. aseTi viTareba gvaqvs yo-
velTvis, sul erTia, damokidebuli mosdevs mTavars, us-
wrebs, Tu mTavris SuaSia moqceuli. Sdr.:
1. dadas venaÙ gaSenbadi×÷ osi, ôaTxeõ mã ×ase sögè laíer
`mamam venaxi gaaSena iq, winaT rom carieli ezo idga.~
2. aô mã Tivö ×ikraô so, duxane co ×čiõmakø sù osi `Sen rom
dasasveneblad wamiyvane, didxans ver gavCerdi iq.~
3. døgas osi, fôe qorTix mã lamzur gornak laíå,
xTiSobel ma×ram÷ saydar Tagdi÷ `dingam iq, soflis Tav-
Si rom lamazi gora dgas, mariam RvTiSoblis eklesia aa-
Sena.~
imdenad aqtiuria mã `rom~ kavSiris roli adgilis gare-
moebiTs damokidebul winadadebaSi, rom is nebismier Sem-
TxvevaSi paralelurad SeiZleba axldes sakavSireblad ga-
moyenebul ama Tu im wevr-kavSirs.
magaliTad:
u×srenđ, miCôã mã leTxö ixu×n stak laíer, wča×qù daxaõé
deqar xa×wnor lekin `iqidan, sadac rom mocekvave kaci
idga, uceb SurTxis xmianoba gaegoT lekebs.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 178)
137
III. viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
gasagebi mizeziT, adgilisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis
Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba naklebi sixSiriT
funqcionirebs wovaTuSuri enis werilobiT wyaroebSi, rac
zedmiwevniT dafiqsirda masze msjelobisas damowmebuli ma-
galiTebis mixedviT; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs amjerad is gare-
moeba, rom dasaxelebul magaliTebSi mxolod erTia weri-
lobiTi wyaroebidan amoRebuli. sapirispiroa am mxriv mdgo-
mareoba viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis Semcvel
rTul qvewyobil winadadebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac imaSi
gacxaddeba, rom yvela saanalizo magaliTi axla ukve weri-
lobiTi wyaroebidan iqneba amoRebuli.
viTarebisgaremoeba sxva saxis garemoebebTan mimarTebiT
garkveul Taviseburebas gviCvenebs im mxriv, rom is mniSvne-
lobis mixedviT mravalferovania. masSi garda sakuTriv vi-
Tarebis garemoebisa, pirobiT aerTianeben mniSvnelobis mi-
xedviT masTan axlo mdgom sxva garemoebebsac, rogoricaa
zoma-odenobisa da jerobis garemoebebi. aRniSnuli viTare-
ba Tavis mxriv, cxadia, saTanado asaxvas poulobs viTarebis-
garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebebis Sinaarsobriv mra-
valferovnebaSi. Sesabamisad: viTarebisgaremoebiTia damoki-
debuli winadadeba, romelic gamoxatavs msgavseba-Sedare-
bas, rogorobas, zoma-odenobasa Tu jerobas im moqmedebisa,
rac gadmocemulia mTavar winadadebaSi.
mTavar winadadebaSi, romelsac erTvis viTarebisgare-
moebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, korelatebad gvxvdeba
138
CvenebiTi zmnizedebi: iSt `ase~, u×St `ise~, iÙna×raT /
eÙna×raT `amnairad~, icxna×raT `magnairad~, uÙna×raT `imnai-
rad~, oÙumfleSw `imdenjer~, iÙumfleSw / eÙumfleSw `am-
denjer~…
kiTxvebad gvaqvs saTanado kiTxviTi zmnizedebi: moô?
`rogor?~, stena×raT? `ranairad?~, meĉw? `ramdenjer?~,
meĉwlǩoǪReS? `meramdened?~
viTarebis garemoebiTi damokidebul winadadebas mTa-
varTan aerTebs maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimar-
TebiTi zmnizedebi: moôã `rogorc~, stena×raTđ `ranairadac~,
meĉwđ / meĉwã `ramdenjerac~…
viTarebisgaremoebiT damokidebuli winadadebis dasaxa-
siaTeblad ganvixiloT Semdegi ori magaliTi:
1. Ù÷ e Tx÷ ag... u×Sç zora×Sç dak ôa×Wnor, mã moCvenbi
damarTbad×a×lnor `mere es Cveni bebia... ise Zalian
damwuxrebuliyo, rom Cvenebebi damarTvoda.~ (miqelaZe
2014 – 52)
2. zora×Si ma×xvoralé universitete profesriv tato,
moôã ÙeCna×raT niWier stud÷t `Zalian afasebdnen Turme
universitetSi profesorebi tatos, rogorc sxvanairad
niWier students.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 132)
magaliTebad dasaxelebuli rTuli qvewyobili winada-
debebidan pirvel winadadebaSi mTavaria Ù÷ e Tx÷ ag... u×Sç zo-
ra×Sç dak ôa×Wnor àmere es Cveni bebia... ise Zalian damwuxre-
buliyo~, damokidebulia mã moCvenbi damarTbad×a×lnor àrom
moCvenebebi damarTvoda~. mTavarSi korelatia CvenebiTi
139
zmnizeda u×Sç àise~, romlis zogad mniSvnelobasac xsnis da
azustebs damokidebuli winadadeba. yvela niSnis mixedviT
mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba viTarebisgaremoebiTia.
meore qvewyobili wiandadebaSi mTavaria zora×Si
ma×xvoralé universitete profesriv tato àZalian afaseb-
dnen Turme universitetSi profesorebi tatos~, damokide-
bulia moôã ÙeCna×raT niWier stud÷t àrogorc sxvanairad
niWier students~. damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs viTa-
rebis garemoebis kiTxvaze moô ma×xvor universitete pro-
fesriv taté? àrogor afasebdnen universitetSi profeso-
rebi tatos?~
damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs viTarebis garemoe-
bis kiTxvaze da mTavari winadadebis mimarT asrulebs viTare-
bis garemoebis funqcias, ris gamoc is viTarebisgaremoebiTi
damokidebulia.
viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavars
yvelaze ufro xSirad maqvemdebarebeli mã `rom~ kavSiriT
uerTdeba. aseTi dakavSirebisas damokidebuls umeteswilad
mTavris momdevno pozicia ukavia, magram sakmaod xSirad
mTavris wina poziciaSic fiqsirdeba.
magaliTad:
a) mã `rom~-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokide-
buli winadadeba mTavris momdevno poziciaSi:
1. u×Sç mowonad×alø sù o winç musik, mã búglãr÷ toti ka-
bax daô wam×ienes, baòeCé bilikmaqđ aôè ôitnas Saregomcø
`ise momewona is axali musika, rom mtvriani xelebi kaba-
140
ze Seviwminde da grZeli bilikiT gaviqeci quCamde.~ (mi-
qelaZe 2014 – 177)
2. u×S ÙeCna×raT Secxadbadinor laëmreCé naxv Tamar
mefå ×alar, mã yovel ojxego Cuô Txu×lđ levdor `ise
sxvanairad Seecxadebina mTis xalxs Tamar mefis sikvdi-
li, rom yovel ojaxs Sin satirali hqonoda gamarTuli.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 198)
3. saydregor÷ dux derwiné nax u×S qastlaS dotur, mã
gaZnelbadalø sù oÙar na×bjex awyobad×alar `eklesii-
dan gamobrunebuli xalxi ise Cqara midioda, rom gami-
Wirda maTTvis nabijis awyoba.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 170)
b) mã `rom~-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokide-
buli winadadeba mTavris wina poziciaSi:
1. uÙé bu×sì mã ma×m balkonmaq baíagé ôiWnas, u×St ÙeCé
droô co ôeWen×ages `im Rames me rom mamidas aivanze
mTvares vuyure, ise sxva dros aRar miyurnia.~ (miqelaZe
2014 – 166)
sagulisxmoa, rom mTavrisa da viTarebisgaremoebiTi da-
mokidebuli winadadebis zemoT ganxilul konstruqciaSi
kavSiri mã àrom~ xSirad gamotovebulia.
magaliTad:
1. u×Sç levbor gamwarbadbaliné vaø vaser, lekin ba-
cuCé nayv ôaTxđ ×a×Ùnoer, côaõ dinç co vaxiTinor
`ise yofiliyvnen gamwarebulebi Cveni kacebi, lekebis-
Tvis mokle gziT win gadaeswroT da erTic cocxali ar
gaeSvaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 110)
141
2. u×St viqnor e kawkù stak mã, leki baniõ caxcaxa×né
bekbinor `ise daeyvira am patara kacs, rom lekebi yvela-
ni acaxcaxebuliyvnen.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)
sxva kavSirebis anu wevr-kavSirebis SemTxvevaSi viTare-
bisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ZiriTadad isev
mTavris momdevno poziciaSi funqcionirebs, magram zogjer
wina da Sua poziciebSic gvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
a) wevr-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba mTavris momdevno poziciaSi:
1. lamni dakdaxkCe s÷ doka× daS, moôe warmaq – daí÷ `mTe-
bis gaxsenebaze Cemi guli dneba, rogorc cecxlze er-
bo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 83)
2. ma×rxu×n taté u×S zora×S vewer, moôã dewødar Sa×rù
diené báder `marexs tato ise Zalian uyvarda, rogorc
eyvareboda sakuTriv Tavisi gaCenili Svili.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 132)
3. u×St co bčarbax÷ TaTbirmaq se didvaWar babu×n, moôã
kuTnbalar oÙumfl÷ taTeb daCé stakon `ise ar Sexvdnen
TaTbirze Cems didvaWar papas, rogorc ekuTvnoda imdeni
fulis patron kacs.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 152)
b) wevr-kavSiriani viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba mTavris wina poziciaSi:
1. moôã iÙus co Ùoíogå foTol, oStiõ s÷ dok ôalé
co ayovbalagegå `rogorc amas aRar moesxmeba foToli
(aRar Seimoseba foTliT), ise Cemi guli aRar ayvavdeba.~
142
(miqelaZe 2011 – 131)
2. moôã darigbadvi÷ æqmes, u×Stç dinor se yaûCé dadas
`rogorc daerigebina eqims, ise gaekeTebina papaCems.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 144)
3. wkipé vaôoã, moôe xaten ôaTx, u×St deweTx ôox
locadalö `wkipo xar da, rogorc xatis win, ise unda
vilocoT Senze.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 179)
IV. mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebukli winadadeba
mizezis garemoebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, rome-
lic asrulebs mTavar winadadebaSi gamotovebuli mizezis
garemoebis rols an kidev xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTi-
Tebeli zmnizediT gadmocemuli mizezis garemoebis zogad
mniSvnelobas. is mogvigebs kiTxvaze: Ĉ? `ratom?~, sten-
ndaîa? `ris gamo?~, ste mizzuv? `ra mizeziT?~
mTavarSi gvxvdeba misaTiTebeli zmnizedebi: isa×né `imi-
tom~, daxeõ `amitom~, oÙuûdaîđ `imis gamo~, iÙuûdaîa /
eÙuûdaîa `amis gamo~.
mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavars
ZiriTadad mã `rom~ kavSiriT uerTdeba; amave funqciiT
gvxvdeba mimarTebiTi zmnizedebic: Ĉnđ / Ĉnã `ratomac~,
stenndaîaôè `ris gamoc~, ste mizzuvđ `ra mizeziTac~. ore-
novnebis bolo periodSi ukve wovaTuSTa metyvelebaSi dava-
fiqsirebT qarTulidan yovelgvari cvlilebis gareSe nases-
xeb raki da radgan kavSirebsac.
143
magaliTad ganvixiloT Semdegi ori qvewyobili winada-
deba:
1. ôamaxeõ yeniã, mac-ma×lnã daraTxé fôeô, raki s÷ dad
tyavoĊĉa×ï Sare daô var daxvretadviené `yvelaze
Raribebi da mSier-mwyurvalebi viyaviT sofelSi, raki
mamaCemi ocdaCvidmet welSi daxvretili iyo.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 163)
2. merabđ, medikè daxeõ daTanxmadalø sox ôaTeõ, mã sogo
×aóù avtoritet ×ar oÙarcø `merabi da mediko imitom
dameTanxmnen maSinve, rom me didi avtoriteti mqonda
imaTTan.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 165)
magaliTad warmodgenil pirvel qvewyobil winadadebaSi
mTavaria ôamaxeõ yeniã, mac-ma×lnã daraTxé fôeô àyvelaze Ra-
ribebi da mSier-mwyurvalebi viyaviT sofelSi~; damokidebu-
lia raki s÷ dad tyavoĊĉa×ï Sare daô var daxvretadviené
àraki mamaCemi ocda-Cvidmet welSi daxvretili iyo~. damoki-
debuli winadadeba pasuxobs mizezis garemoebis kiTxvaze Ā
daraTxé ôamaxeõ yenã, macma×lnã fôeô? àratom viyaviT yvelaze
Raribi da mSier-mwyurvalebi sofelSi?~ da asrulebs mize-
zis garemoebis rols mTavari winadadebis mimarT, romelsac
mizezis garemoeba saerTod ar gaaCnia. CamoTvlili niSnebis
mixedviT irkveva, rom ganxiluli damokidebuli winadadeba
mizezisgaremoebiTia. amgvar daskvnas mxars uWers wevr-kav-
Siric raki.
meore qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria merabđ, medikè
daxeõ daTanxmadalø sox ôaTeõ àmerabi da mediko imitom dam-
144
Tanxmdnen maSinve~. damokidebulia sogo ×aóù avtoritet ×ar
oÙarcø àme didi avtoriteti mqonda maTTan~.
mTavar winadadebaSi gvaqvs mizezis garemoebis gamom-
xatveli korelati daxeõ `imitom~.
damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs mizezisgaremoebis
kiTxvaze: Ā daTanxmadalø sox merabđ, medikè ôaTeõ? àratom
damTanxmdnen merabi da mediko maSinve?~
damokidebuli winadadeba mizezis garemoebiTia, radgan
is ganmartavs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT gadmocemuli
mizezis garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas.
mTavarTan maqvemdebarebeli mã `rom~ kavSiriT SeerTe-
buli mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba TiTqmis
yovelTvis mTavris momdevno poziciaSia, mTavarSi ki aseve
yovelTvis gvaqvs misaTiTebeli zmnizeda daxeõ `imitom~ an
oÙuûdaîđ `imis gamo~. aRniSnuli viTareba saTanadod dafiq-
sirda Cvens mier mizezis garemoebiTi damokidebulis Sem-
cveli qvewyobilis magaliTad ganxilul meore winadadeba-
Si.
roca korelatad gamoyenebuli misaTiTebeli zmnizede-
bi daxeõ `imitom~ an oÙuûdaîđ `imis gamo~ mTavari winadade-
bis boloSi moxvdeba, intonaciurad isini damokidebul wi-
nadadebas ekedlebian da vRebulobT rTul kavSirebs: daxeõ
mã `imitom rom~, oÙuûdaîđ mã `imis gamo rom~.
magaliTad:
1. marixé coôanna ×a×gnor ×aTxinç, daxeõ mã vaø nax
delir mar vaTxvoCé fstunax `marexi aravis enaxa
145
mtirali, imitom rom Cveni xalxi dascinoda qmris moti-
ral qals.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 130)
2. e Ùeob zora×S saSiS da, oÙuûdaîđ mã zora×Sç kčokrú
daã, gviölomcø ×aóù ôeï Ǥaëfì maq kikel ×aRoCé alznego
`es xevi saSiSia, imis gamo rom Zalian Rrmaa da gvianamde
sqeli zvavi afaria aq alazans, zvavis qveS rom moedineba.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 238)
3. taté ôalé co Ùiínor qokimaq, daxeõ me oÙu×n co
wonalaralé mef÷ wyu×blob, respublikđ wonalaralé
`tato ar amdgariyo fexze, imitom rom imas ar moswonda
Turme mefis wyobileba, respublika moswonda Turme.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 133)
mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic
mTavars wevr-kavSiriT uerTdeba, ZiriTadad mTavris momdev-
no an wina poziciaSi realizdeba. roca am tipis damokidebu-
li winadadeba boloSia, maSin mTavarSi ara gvaqvs misaTiTe-
beli zmnizeda, maSin ki, roca damokidebuli winadadeba Tav-
Sia, mTavarSi TiTqmis yovelTvis gvaqvs korelati daxeõ `imi-
tom~ an oÙuûdaîđ `imis gamo~.
magaliTad:
a) mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-
ris momdevno poziciaSi:
1. cèm da×ĉnor lekin, raki bacbđ vaserv ToôSã co
dastralé maqr÷ gerw `araferi gamosvlodaT lekebs,
raki TuSis kacebi ZilSic ar ixsnidnen Turme iaraRs.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 109)
146
2. o Ta×lza× kawkù voô xaõviené megarmonaä daô ×ow×alø
oÙarx, raki oÙuû mar osi vawur Jex `xurjinSi patara
biWCasmuli megarmonec gahyva imaT, raki imisi qmari iq
dasdevda cxvars.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 137)
3. sonđ co ×aÙmakø krebemaq iS, raki aôa× atiné laíra `mec
ver amoviRe krebaze xma, raki Senc Cumad ideqi.~
b) mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTav-
ris wina poziciaSi:
1. radgan janmrTelbev qo co wyobado ôù, daxeõ SilReCé
specialbemaq Ǥamdaren may bewã baĉö `radgan janmrTelo-
ba xels ar giwyobs, amitom meore specialobaze swavlas
Tavi unda daanebo.~
2. raki s÷ ya×nç babé vagur Cuô, as na×x ambu×gé daxeõ
ǤefölaTras lark qorTé wonalaS `raki papaCemi eria Sig,
me xalxis laparaks imitom vugdebdi yurs Tavmomwoned.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 152)
3. Sesaferis kab mã co ×ar sogo, daxeõ co ×arasù SabTine
ivseb qu×rwlex `Sesaferisi kaba rom ar mqonoda, imitom
ar viyavi SabaTs iosebis qorwilSi.~
mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris
Sua poziciaSi Zalian iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba, ma-
galiTad:
1. ôe biZixø, raki zora×Si buôlak var, ćëmaõ CaÙ ridbalar
`biZaSenisgan, raki Zalian CxubisTavi iyo, yvela Sors
iWerda Tavs.~
147
2. s÷ qorTé, raki zora×Sç ubedur ×arasé, daxeõ yaxeTer
sù `Cemi Tavi, raki Zalian ubeduri viyavi, imitom meco-
deboda.~
V. miznis garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
miznisgaremoebiTia damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic
xsnis da azustebs mTavarSi misaTiTebeli zmnizediT gadmo-
cemuli miznis garemoebis zogad mniSvnelobas, an kidev as-
rulebs miznis garemoebis rols mTavar winadadebasTan mi-
marTebiT.
mTavar winadadebaSi korelatebad gvxvdeba nacvalsaxe-
luri warmoSobis miznis zmnizedebi: isa×né `imisTvis~ da
oÙuûdaîđ `imis gulisTvis~. damokidebuli winadadeba pasu-
xobs miznis garemoebis kiTxvebze stenna×né? `risTvis?~,
stenndaîđ? `risi gulisTvis?~, ste miznuv? `ra mizniT?~. mTa-
varTan miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis sakav-
Sirebel saSualebas ZiriTadad maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri mã
`rom / raTa~ warmoadgens, Tumca zogjer amave funqciiT
Segvxvdeba mimarTebiTi zmnizedebic: stenna×nè `risTvisac~,
stenndaîaôè `risi gulisTvisac, ris gamoc~.
magaliTad:
1. Sin-Ùđ deni wye aôé ixor Ùevbi o Tx÷ dad, mã xiv
gamoriyadiené Ĉnaxi vaSđr daquCadoeralé, ôalè
daôralé Txù `or-sam dReSi erTxel Cadioda xevSi
mamaCveni, rom (raTa) wylis gamoriyuli nivTebi
148
moegrovebina da amoetana CvenTvis.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 44)
2. aôéõ bax÷ eserna vaser Siriq isa×né, mã Tôaqmaq u×íralé
i ×awiCé saqmun `isev wavidnen aqedan kacebi SiraqSi imis-
Tvis, rom (raTa) kvalze dasdgomodnen am mZime saqmes.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 51)
magaliTad dasaxelebul pirvel qvewyobil winadadebaSi
mTavaria Sin-Ùđ deni wye aôé ixor Ùevbi o Tx÷ dad àor-sam
dReSi erTxel Cadioda xevSi mamaCveni~; damokidebulia: mã xiv
gamoriyadiené Ĉnaxi vaSđr daquCadoeralé, ôalè daôralé
Txù àrom / raTa wylis gamoriyuli raRacebi erTad moegro-
vebina da amoetana CvenTvis~.
damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs miznis garemoebis
kiTxvaze: stenna×né ixor Ùevbi Tx÷ dad? àrisTvis Cadioda
xevSi mamaCveni?~
mTavar winadadebaSi korelati ara gvaqvs, ris gamoc da-
mokidebuli winadadeba asrulebs miznis garemobis rols
mTavarTan mimarTebiT, aRniSnulis gamo is miznisgaremoebiT
damokidebul winadadebas warmoadgens.
meore qvewyobili winadadebis mTavaria aôéõ bax÷ eserna
vaser Siriq isa×né àCavidnen isev aqedan SiraqSi kacebi imis-
Tvis~; damokidebulia mã Tôaqmaq u×íralo i ×awiCé saqmun
àrom (raTa) kvalze dasdgomodnen am mZime saqmes~.
mTavar winadadebaSi gvaqvs korelati: isa×né àimisTvis~.
damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs miznis garemoebis kiT-
xvaze stenna×né bax÷ Siriq vaser aôoõ? àrisTvis Cavidnen ka-
cebi SiraqSi isev?~
149
damokidebuli winadadeba amjerad xsnis da azustebs
mTavarSi misaTiTebeli sityviT gadmocemuli miznis garemo-
ebis zogad mniSvnelobas, ris gamoc is miznisgaremoebiTi
damokidebilia.
miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba TiTqmis
yovelTvis mTavris momdevno poziciaSi funqcionirebs, Tum-
ca iSviaTad mTavris wina poziciaSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes.
a) miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris
momdevno poziciaSi:
1. zurbes Sarø vaSé ôaWvi÷ koxđx, mã ojx÷ wevri barel÷
ôalé dikralé `zurabma Tavisi Zma gamogzavna kaxeTSi,
rom (raTa) ojaxis wevrebi baridan aeyvana.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 108)
2. vaxenå, o ibos larki daô Tetinå o Cáigo, daôđ ×aôø
naJtri, mã osi Ǥui daô TeSboralé, mã as, Ùoiï SarluCé
feSkrev, Cá bčivnas `adga is ibo da yurebi daaWra im daTvs
da waiRo binaSi, raTa iq daerwmunebina mwyemsebi, rom me,
cameti wlis biWunam, daTvi movkali.~ (miqelaZe 2014 –
120)
3. zurbes oÙu×na×no nifsdor vaSbđx dã-bu×sđ, mã moôeÙda
ojax qokimaq oí×oralé `zurabi dRe-Rames imisTvis as-
worebda, rom rogorme ojaxi fexze wamoeyenebina.~
b) miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli mTavris wina pozi-
ciaSi:
1. misaReb gamocdi mã warmatbiT Cabarbad×orlos, daxeõ
mzadbalaras kerZé uCitlicø `misaRebi gamocdebi rom
150
warmatebiT Camebarebina, imisTvis vemzadebodi kerZo
maswavleblebTan.~
§24. Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba
rogorc win ukve aRvniSneT, Tanamedrove wovaTuSur
enaSi gvaqvs TiTqmis yvela saxis damokidebuli winadadeba,
rac qarTulSi fiqsirdeba, maT Soris Semasmenluri damoki-
debulic.
Semasmenluria damokidebuli winadadeba, romelic xsnis
da ganmartavs mTavari winadadebis Sedgenil SemasmenelSi
nacvalsaxeliT warmodgenili saxeladi nawilis zogad Sina-
arss.
magaliTad:
ôo o vaôé, ôanã se ×aóu×Cé gaWirba gametbiT latdira sù
qo `Sen is xar, vinc Cems did gaWirvebaSi gametebulad
SemaSvele xeli.~
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria ôo o vaôé
àSen is xar~; dmokidebulia ôane se ×aóu×Cé gaWirba gametbiT
latdira sù qo àvinc Cems did gaWirvebaSi gametebiT SemaS-
vele xeli~. mTavari winadadebis Sedgenili Semasmenelia o
vaôé àis xar~, romlis saxeladi nawili o àis~ zogadi Sinaar-
sisaa da moiTxovs axsnas da dakonkretebas. mas daesmis kiT-
xva: m÷ daôé ôo? àvin xar Sen?~, romelzec pasuxs iZleva damo-
kidebuli winadadeba. maSasadame, ganxiluli damokidebuli
winadadeba Semasmenluria.
151
Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadebis Semcveli mTa-
vari wianadadebis Sedgenil SemasmenelSi saxelad nawilad
gvxvdeba Semdegi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: e `es~, o `is~, is
`eg~, iStú `aseTi~, oStú `iseTi~, iÙnair / eÙnair `amisTana~,
uÙnair `imisTana~… saxelad nawilad gamoyenebuli CamoT-
vlili nacvalsaxelebi mudmivad saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas.
meSvelad am dros vasé `var~ zmna funqcionirebs sxvadasxva
pirisa, ricxvisa, droisa Tu kilos formiT. aRniSnuli tipis
damokidebul winadadebas mTavarTan aerTebs maqvemdebarebe-
li kavSiri mã `rom~ da mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: menđ /
menã `vinc~, Ĉxđ / Ĉxã `rac~, molunđ / mu×lnã `rogoric~,
menuxđ `romelic~…
rac Seexeba mTavrisa da Semasmenluri damokidebuli wi-
nadadebis poziciur urTierTmimarTebas, damokidebuli, ro-
gorc wesi, umetes SemTxvevaSi mosdevs mTavars, magram zog-
jer mTavris wina poziciaSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes.
magaliTad:
a) Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris mom-
devno poziciaSi:
1. o oStú co va, mã Sarn qo TeĉoCé saqmox uar aĉolé `is
iseTi araa, rom TavisTvis xelsayrel saqmeze uari
Tqvas.~
2. obi u×Sni ba, ôanã Suø javr coôannđ meyo×é `isini iseTe-
bi arian, vinc Tavis javrs aravis SearCens.~
3. so oStú ×asé, mu×ĉnã uÙé ×awiCé droô se Jeré nanas
×aÙ×÷sé `me iseTi var, rogoric im Znel droSi Cemma
152
qvrivma dedam gamzarda.~
b) Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris wina
poziciaSi:
1. ôannđ ÙeCov ×iené sikeTå daô co ×icla, so o vasé `visac
sxvisi gakeTebuli sikeTe ar aviwydeba, me isa var.~
2. ôanxã sa× qorTixsö TeSes, ôo o vaôé `visac sakuTar
TavsaviT vendobi, Sen isa xar.~
Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba iSviaTad mTav-
ris SuaSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes, magaliTad:
so, ôanã bádrole ôo sikvdlex gadarCenadvier, o vasé `me,
vinc bavSvobaSi Sen sikvdils gadagarCina, isa var.~
§25. pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
garda iseTi damokidebuli winadadebebisa, romlebic
mTavari winadadebis ama Tu im konkretul wevrs miemarTebian,
wovaTuSur enaSi gvxvdeba mTlianad mTavrisadmi mimarTuli
damokidebuli winadadebebic. am rigis winadadebaTagan Tana-
medrove wovaTuSur enaSi farTo gavrceleba aqvs pirobiT
damokidebul winadadebas.
pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba gadmogvcems piro-
bas, razec aris damokidebuli imis Sesruleba, rac mTavar
winadadebaSia gadmocemuli. am dros damokidebul winada-
debaSi pirobaa dasaxelebuli, mTavarSi ki – Sedegi, ris ga-
moc am tipis rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba pirobiT-Sede-
gobiTis saxeliTac moixsneba.
153
mTavari winadadeba, romelsac pirobiTi damokidebuli
axlavs, daisvams kiTxvas: macö? àrodis? ra SemTxvevaSi?~, ro-
melzec pasuxs iZleva damokidebuli; ZiriTadi kavSiria Tu-
ki.
magaliTad:
zora×Sç nanbadoô, Tuki deniõ dro swavlen co
moÙmarbad×oô `Zalian inaneb, Tuki mTel dros swavlas ar
moaxmar.~
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria zora×Sç nan-
badoô àZalian inaneb~; damokidebulia Tuki deniõ dro swav-
len co moÙmarbad×oô àTuki mTel dros swavlas ar moaxmar~.
damokidebuli pasuxobs pirobiTi damokidebulis kiTxvaze:
macö nanbadoô zora×Sç? àra SemTxvevaSi inaneb Zalian?~
niSandoblivia am mxriv damokidebulSi gamoyenebuli
kavSiric Tuki. mocemuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom ganxiluli damokidebuli winadadeba piro-
biTia.
kavSiri Tuki Zalian produqtiulia wovaTuSuri enis pi-
robiTi damokidebulis Semcvel rTul qvewyobil winadade-
baSi. aRniSnuli kavSiriani pirobiTi damokidebuli winada-
deba gvxvdeba rogorc mTavris win, ise momdevnod:
magaliTad:
1. as is saqmux qo co Ùawdos, Tuki voô co la×tì sù `me
mag saqmes xels ar movkideb, Tuki biWi ar miSvelis.~
2. Tuki bazre wesier max co ba, as sa× baÙCa pamidor co
doõdoges `Tuki bazarSi wesieri fasi ara aqvs, me Cems
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ezoSi pamidors aRar moviyvan.~
3. as niné qu×rwlex co Ros, Tuki dakreS co ×exosé `me
ninos qorwilSi ar waval, Tu gulianad ar dampatiJebs.~
§26. ukavSiro rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba
rogorc cnobilia, `rTuli ukavSiro winadadebaTa erTi
wyeba azrobriv da struqturulad axlo dgas rTul kavSi-
rian qvewyobil winadadebasTan. am tipis rTuli ukavSiro wi-
nadadebebis erTi nawili mogvagonebs mTavar winadadebas, me-
ore ki damokidebuls, romelic, sazogadod, imave sintaqsur
funqcias asrulebs, rasac kavSiriani damokidebuli winada-
deba~ (kvaWaZe 1966 – 420).
wovaTuSuri enis zepirmetyvelebasa Tu werilobiTs
wyaroebSi sakmao sixSiriT funqcionirebs ukavSiro rTuli
qvewyobili winadadeba. es is SemTxvevebia, roca rTuli ukav-
Siro winadadebis erTi nawili mogvagonebs mTavar winadade-
bas, meore ki damokidebuls, romelic ukavSirobis SemTxve-
vaSic imave sintaqsur funqcias asrulebs, rasac saTanado
kavSiriani winadadeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, roca kavSiri gamo-
tovebulia, damokidebuls mTavarTan akavSirebs azrobrivi
mimarTeba da saTanado intonacia. amitomaa, rom Sesaferisi
kavSiris aRdgena cnobierebaSi Zalian advilad, TiTqmis me-
qanikurad xdeba.
magaliTad:
1. oStú lamzur levdor næfani Sikeõ, ôeWuS co
155
Ǥapmakralé admenen `iseTi lamazi yofiliyo nefioni (ne-
fe da patarZali), yurebiT ver gaZReboda Turme adamia-
ni.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 107)
mocemul ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi Semavali me-
ore martivi winadadeba xsnis da azustebs pirvel martiv wi-
nadadebaSi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeliT gadmocemuli gansaz-
Rvrebis zogad mniSvnelobas iseve, rogorc es moxdeboda
kavSiriani daqvemdebarebis SemTxvevaSi:
oStú lamzur levdor nifani Sikeõ, mã ôeWuS co
Ǥapmakralé admenen `iseTi lamzebi yofiliyvnen nefioni
oriveni, rom yurebiT ver gaZReboda Turme adamiani.~
2. molú ×aóù zorol ×a fstuûCù, ×a×ln×otu×nç
Ǥefweíux qoílalé `rogori didi gmirobaa qalisa,
momakvdavi isev sircxvil-namusze wuxdes.~ (miqelaZe 2011
– 110)
meore magaliTSi ukve damokidebuli winadadeba qvemde-
barulia, radgan pasuxobs kiTxvaze qvemdebarisa: Ĉx ×a zo-
rol? àra aris siyoCaRe?~ da asrulebs qvemdebaris rols wi-
namavali mTavari winadadebis mimarT.
saanalizo ukavSiro qvewyobili winadadebis pirvel na-
wilSi SeiZleba CavsvaT korelati o `is~, xolo meore nawil-
Si kavSiri mã `rom~ gveqneba:
molú ×aóù zorol ×a fstuûCù o, mã ×a×ln×otu×nç oS-
tiõ Ǥef-weíux qoílalé `rogori didi gmirobaa qalisa
is, rom momakvdavi isev sircxvil-namusze wuxdes.~
156
korelati ganamtkicebs amjerad kiTxvis dasmiT miRe-
bul Cvens daskvnas imis Sesaxeb, rom damokidebuli winadade-
ba mocemul SemTxvevaSi qvemdebarulia.
ukavSiro qvewyobili winadadebis nawilebs Soris Sina-
arsobriv mimarTebas zepirmetyvelebaSi ZiriTadad intona-
cia warmarTavs; amasve emsaxureba winadadebaTa wyoba da
zmnur formaTa urTierTmimarTeba; rac Seexeba werilobiT
wyaroebs, aq mTeli datvirTva sasven niSnebs eniWeba. ukavSi-
ro qvewyobilSi martiv winadadebaTa wyobis gansakuTrebul
rols Sinaarsobriv mimarTebaTa gamoxatvaSi warmoaCens is
garemoeba, rom maTi wyoba myaria da TanamimdevrobaTa Sec-
vlas ar eqvemdebareba: damokidebuli uswrebs an mosdevs
mTavars.
Sinaarsobrivi funqciis mixedviT ukavSiro qvewyobil
winadadebaSi Semavali damokidebuli winadadeba imdenive
saxisaa, rac kavSiriani daqvemdebarebisas dafiqsirda.
gvaqvs:
I. ukavSiro qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba
aseTi damokidebuli winadadeba yovelTvis mosdevs mTa-
vars, romelSic qvemdebare ara gvaqvs saerTod an gadmoce-
mulia nacvalsaxeliT.
magaliTad:
1. wesuR dar, duÙ mezobliđ, naTesviđ côāR ixor laëmì
`wesad iyo, naTesavebi da mezoblebi erTad midiodnen
mTaSi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 108)
157
2. bacbilo zora×Sç daóù Ǥef dar, mã dadas báder le a×rkç
xaõdoraloã, le ôalé ecralé `wovaTuSebSi didi sir-
cxvili iyo, rom mamas Svili an kalTaSi Caesva, an kidev
xelSi aeyvana.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 201)
orive dasaxelebul qvemdebarul damokidebul winada-
debaSi SeiZleba aRvadginoT kavSiri mã `rom~; rac Seexeba
korelats, meore magaliTSi is warmodgenilia CvenebiTi o
`is~ nacvalsaxeliT, pirvelSi ki SeiZleba misi aRdgena, gveq-
neba isev o `is~.
II. ukavSiro pirdapidamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
1. SilReCé deni samsaëxri vax÷Cé tatu×gé
gamocxadbadinor, Tavisufal vaôu×né `meore dRes
samsaxurSi misuli tatosTvis gamoecxadebinaT,
Tavisufali xaro.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 133)
2. alnireCé mamasaxlises fôe vaSbar Ùiblnoer,
davalbadinor, mã yovel ojxer÷ côac yonù voô vewå
bčex vaxana×né `alvnel mamasaxliss sofeli daebarebina
da daevalebina, yoveli ojaxidan TiTo axalgazrda vaJi
unda laSqarSi wavideso.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 129)
ukavSiro pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
iseve, rogorc qvemdebaruli damokidebuli, yovelTvis
mTavris momdevno poziciaSia. korelati aq TiTqmis yovel-
Tvis gvaklia da uSualod asrulebs damokidebuli winada-
deba pirdapiri damatebis rols mTavari winadadebis Semasme-
158
nelTan. yovelTvis SesaZlebelia aRdgena korelatisa da sa-
Tanado kavSirisa.
III. ukavSiro iribdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
poziciuri Tu struqturuli urTierTmimarTeba mTavar-
sa da damokidebuls Soris aqac iseTive gvaqvs, rogoric
ukavSiro qvemdebaruli Tu pirdapirdamatebiTi damokide-
bulis SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda: ara gvaqvs korelati. damoki-
debuli winadaedba asrulebs iribi damatebis rols mTavar-
Tan mimarTebiT.
magaliTad:
lekiv vatvi÷Cé va×ô nanen co ÙeTmakø, Ĉxa×né Teĉor
eÙumfl÷ SekiTxvi ôaSeR ×eõ÷Cé ucxé fstuûCov `lekebis
mier motacebuli biWis deda ver mixvda, ratom aZlevda
amden SekiTxvas stumrad mosuli ucxo qali.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 120)
IV. ukavSiro ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
ukavSiro ubralodamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
TiTqmis yovelTvis moiTxovs korelats, raki mTavris zmna
mis Sesaxeb, qvemdebarisa da sxva saxis damatebaTagan gansxva-
vebiT, raime saxis miniSnebas ar iZleva, anu masSi ar aisaxeba
piris niSnisa Tu klasniSnis saSualebiT.
magaliTad:
159
1. as miCxmaõ oÙuv amyebalas, duÙã, Raz÷ bádri daÙdinas
sa× qveyana×nç `me yvelgan imiT vamayob, bevri da kargi
Svili gavuzarde Cems qveyanas.~
2. oÙux comenđ daklivç, molú Znel da is saqm bolomcø
×ikar `imaze aravin fiqrobs, rogori Znelia mag saqmis
bolomde miyvana.~
orsave magaliTSi damokidebuli winadadeba ubralo da-
matebiTia. niSneulia is garemoeba, rom amjerad orsave mTa-
varSi gvaqvs nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatuli ubralo damateba,
romlis zogad mniSvnelobasac ganmartavs damokidebuli wi-
nadadeba. mTavarSi korelatis qona ganapirobebs imasac, rom
mTavarsa da damokidebul winadadebebs meqanikurad, yovel-
gvari cvlilebis gareSe SeiZleba SevunacvloT adgilebi.
V. ukavSiro gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba saerTod ga-
morCeuli sixSiriT funqcionirebs sxva saxis damokidebul
winadadebaTa Soris, rasac komunikaciis procesSi saganTa
da movlenaTa daxasiaTebis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnadoba
ganapirobebs. wovaTuSuri enis zepirmetyvelebasa da weri-
lobiTs ZeglebSi xSiria mTavrisadmi gansazRvrebiTi damo-
kidebuli winadadebis rogorc kavSiriani, ise ukavSiro daq-
vemdebarebis SemTxvevebi.
ukavSirod daqvemdebarebul gansazRvrebiT damokide-
bul winadadebas mTavarSi TiTqmis yovelTvis moepoveba Se-
160
sabamisi korelati, Tumca zogjer ukorelato daqvemdeba-
rebis SemTxvevebic gvaqvs. misaTiTebeli sityvis rols asru-
lebs CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli oStú `iseTi~. korelatiani
daqvemdebarebis SemTxvevaSi damokidebuli winadadeba Tavi-
sufal poziciur mimarTebaSia mTavarTan, uswrebs an mosdevs
mas, ukorelato daqvemdebarebis dros ki wyoba qvewyobilSi
Semavali martivi winadadebebisa Seucvlelia da myari.
magaliTad:
1. ×awø ambu× ×a, Txalomcø tyoõ ag-babu×v báder-bádrigé
×efcé `mZime ambavia, dRemde kidev bebia-papebi
SviliSvilebs uyvebian.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 236)
2. i zora×Si kawku×Cé dãR stakgo, wkipu×go, oStú ×aóù
iS lev×or, zurtilnđ tbaTin daô vuRölaTralé `am Zalian
patara tanis kacs, wkipos, iseTi didi xma hqonoda, zuros-
goridan tbaTanaSi gadasZaxoda Turme salaparakod.~ (mi-
qelaZe 2014 – 188)
mocemuli orive rTuli ukavSiro qvewyobili winadade-
bis damokidebuli gansazRvrebiTia. maT Soris struqturul
gansxvavebas qmnis is garemoeba, rom pirvelSi damokidebuli
ukorelatoa, meoreSi ki gvaqvs korelati oStú `iseTi~. aR-
niSnuli gansxvaveba qmnis imis safuZvels, rom pirvelSi Sema-
val martiv winadadebebs adgilebs ver SevucvliT, radgan
aseT SemTxvevaSi damokidebulma SeiZleba sxva funqciuri
datvirTva miiRis; samagierod, aseTi adgilgadanacvleba meo-
re magaliTSi Tavisuflad gakeTdeba, raki aq korelati yvela
poziciaSi zustad gansazRvravs damokidebulis statuss.
161
orive damokidebulSi SeiZleba aRvadginoT erTi da
igive kavSiri mã `rom~, pirveli magaliTis mTavarSi ki gan-
sazRvrebiTi damokidebulis korelati oStú `iseTi~.
VI. ukavSiro droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
ukavSiro drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
wovaTuSurSi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba. aseTi mimarTeba mTavarsa
da damokidebuls Soris dasturdeba mxolod iseT gansa-
kuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, roca mTavarsa da damokidebulSi
movlenaTa erTdrouloba an Tanamimdevrobaa gamoxatuli.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc gamotovebuli, damokidebulSi
igulisxmeba kavSiri macnã `roca, rodesac~, mTavarSi ki Se-
iZleba daculi iyos korelati eôaT `maSin~. aseTi konstruq-
ciis ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi damokidebuli mTa-
vars tireTi gamoeyofa.
magaliTad:
1. goCnadvos – vilç sogé s÷ kawkù voô, jarbalđs – eôaTđ
vilç sogé `veferebi – micinis Cemi patara biWi, vuwyrebi
– maSinac micinis.~
2. mTavrbax daxmareb ×ixnas – co lat÷ sù, daô a×tnas –
ojax maclelé Tas×alø sogo `mTavrobas daxmareba vTxo-
ve – ar damexmara, gavCumdi – ojaxi SimSilSi Camivarda.~
saTanado kavSirisa da korelatis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi
orivegan miviRebT drois garemoebiTi damokiedbuli wina-
dadebebis Semcvel trafaretul qvewyobil winadadebebs.
162
VII. ukavSiro viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba
viTarebisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli ukavSiro winada-
deba sakmao sixSiriT gvxvdeba wovaTuSur enaSi. am tipis da-
mokidebuli mosdevs an uswrebs mTavars, mTavarSi TiTqmis
yovelTvis gvaqvs misaTiTebeli zmnizeda u×Stç `ise~, SesaZ-
lo kavSirs ki damokidebulSi warmoadgens mã `rom~.
magaliTad:
1. u×St dazæanebad×i÷ setyvas s÷ venaÙ, côa gag qa×nz÷ co
eóobmakø sù `ise daaziana setyvam Cemi venaxi, erTi mteva-
ni yurZeni ver movwyvite.~
2. wyeõ co daxmarbad×almakø sù, u×St daÙdi÷ se ×aôov
côavCov bádri `erTxelac ver davexmare, ise gazarda Cem-
ma gogom martom Svilebi.~
mTavar winadadebaSi mocemuli korelati qmnis myar sa-
fuZvels mTavrisa da damokidebulis poziciaTa Tavisufali
SenacvlebisaTvis, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes meqanikurad, am wi-
nadadebaTa yovelgvari struqturuli cvlilebis gareSe.
VIII. ukavSiro mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
ukavSiro mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
gvxvdeba mTavris wina an momdevno poziciaSi. rogorc yvela
sxva saxis garemoebiTi damokidebuli ukavSiro winadadeba,
mTavarSi is yovelTvis saWiroebs saTanado korelats. aseTi
korelatebia: daxeõ `imitom~, oÙuûdaîđ `imis gamo~, êÙ miz-
zuv `im mizeziT~. saTanado kiTxvebia: Ĉxa×no? `ratom?~,
163
stenndaîđ? `ris gamo?~, ste mizzuv? `ra mizeziT?~. mTavarSi
korelatebis mqoneoba Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs im garemoe-
bas, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad xerxdeba mTavaris mi-
marT damokidebulis poziciaTa cvla.
magaliTad:
daxeõ co ×aĉmakø sù arCevnđx deputateR, merias co lacø sù fe `imitom ver gavedi arCevnebSi deputatad, meriam
ar damiWira mxari.~ damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs mizezis garemoebis
kiTxvebze: Ĉxa×né co ×aĉmakø sù arCevnđx deputateR? àra-
tom ver gavedi arCevnebze deputatad?~
kiTxvaze pasuxs iZleva damokidebuli da xsnis mTavarSi
mocemuli korelatis daxeõ `imitom~ zogad mniSvnelobas.
CamoTvlili niSnebis mixedviT ganxiluli ukavSiro damoki-
debuli winadadeba mizezis garemoebiTia.
rogorc aRvniSneT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi mTavari da da-
mokidebuli winadadebis struqtura da Sinaarsobrivi ur-
TierTmimarTeba saSualebas iZleva, yovelgvari gardaqmnis
gareSe SevunacvloT maT adgilebi, gveqneba: merias fe co
lacø sù, daxeõ co ×aĉmakø sù arCevnđx deputateR `meriam mxa-
ri ar damiWira, imitom ver gavedi arCevnebSi deputatad.~
IX. ukavSiro miznisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
rogorc wesi, ukavSiro miznisgaremoebiTi damokiedbu-
li winadadeba mTavarSi yovelTvis saWiroebs korelats. ko-
relatebad gvaqvs oÙu×na×né `imisTvis~, êÙ miznuv `im miz-
164
niT~, damokidebuli winadadeba ki pasuxobs kiTxvebs sten-
na×né? `risTvis?~, ste miznuv? `ra mizniT?~
ukavSiro miznisgaremoebiTi damikidebuli winadadeba
gvxvdeba mTavris wina an momdevno poziciaSi. mTavrisa da da-
mikidebulis adgilebis cvla meqanikurad, yovelgvari gar-
daqmnis gareSe xdeba.
magaliTad:
oÙu×na×né nifsdos muSebadoS dã-bu×sđ vaSbđx, ×oô Ǥamdö
sazRvargariT ôaW×ö leõ sù `imisTvis vasworeb SromaSi
dRe-Rames, qaliSvilis sazRvargareT saswavleblad
gagzavna minda.~
mocemul ukavSiro qvewyobil winadadebaSi damokide-
bulia ×oô Ǥamdö sazRvargariT ôaW×ö leõ sù `qaliSvilis sas-
wavleblad sazRvargareT gagzavna minda.~
damokidebuli winadadeba pasuxobs miznis garemoebis
kiTxvaze Ĉxa×né nifsdos muSebadoS dã-bu×sđ vaSbax? `ris-
Tvis vasworeb SromaSi dRe-Rames (dRes da Rames)?~
is xsnis da ganmartavs mTavarSi mocemuli korelatis –
oÙu×na×né `imisTvis~ zogad mniSvnelobas. yvela niSnis mi-
xedviT mocemuli damokidebuli winadadeba miznisgaremoe-
biTia.
mTavar winadadebaSi mocemuli korelati iZleva SesaZ-
leblobas martivad SevucvaloT pozicia damokidebuls.
gveqneba ×oô Ǥamdö sazRvargariT ôaW×ö leõ sù, oÙu×na×né
nifsdos muSebadoS dã-bu×sđ vaSbđx `qaliSvilis saswavleb-
165
lad sazRvargareT gagzavna minda, imisTvis vasworeb Sroma-
Si dRe-Rames.~
X. ukavSiro Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba
Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba saerTod Sez-
Rudul Sinaarsobriv konteqsts moicavs, ris gamoc sxva six-
SiriT funqcionirebs qarTuli enis zepirsa Tu weriTs met-
yvelebaSi. kidev ufro naklebia aRniSnuli tipis damokide-
bul winadadebaTa ukavSirod gamoyenebis SenTxvevebi. moce-
mul sakiTxSi kidev ufro SezRuduli viTareba gvaqvs wova-
TuSurSi, Tumca mainc vxvdebiT aRniSnuli tipis damokide-
bul winadadebaTa mTavarTan ukavSiro SeerTebis erTeul
SemTxvevebs.
magaliTad:
1. so oStú vasé, javr coôannđ ×iTos `me iseTi var, javrs
aravis SevarCen.~
2. eôaT dro oStú ×ar, ôamego ÙeCon latu×la co dar
`maSin dro iseTi iyo, vinmes sxvisi daxmarebis saSualeba
ar hqonda.~
magaliTad, dasaxelebul pirvel qvewyobil winadadeba-
Si mTavaria so oStú vasé àme iseTi var~, meoreSi ki eôaT dro
oStú ×ar àmaSin dro iseTi iyo.~
korelatis sakiTxs amjerad calke ver davsvamT, radgan
aq, orive mTavar winadadebaSi, Semasmenlis nacvalsaxeliT
gadmocemuli saxeladi nawili asrulebs korelatis rols.
166
gamodis, rom aseTi tipis qvewyobili winadadebis mTavarSi,
rogorc savaldebulo, yovelTvis gvaqvs korelati, romlis
mimarT dasmul kiTxvasac pasuxobs damokidebuli. pirveli
winadadebis damokidebuli pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze molú vasé
so? àrogori var me?~
meore damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxvaa molú dro ×ar
eôaT? àrogori dro iyo maSin?~
orive damokidebuli winadadebas xsnis da akonkretebs
mTavari winadadebis Semasmenlis saxeladi nawilis zogad
mniSvnelobas, anu orive ukavSiro Semasmenluri damokide-
buli winadadebaa.
sainteresoa, rom gvaqvs martiv winadadebaTa daqvemde-
barebis iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca kavSirianTan SedarebiT
stiluri upiratesoba mTavarTan damokidebulis ukavSiro
SeerTebas eZleva.
magaliTad:
1. xkolix bare ×isené ÙSiroS daklevlarasé, oStiõ ka× fex
laíelé tčera×lC lamnicø, le s÷ bádrolsö CaÙ da×xno-
lu×né `zafxulSi barad darCenils xSirad mefiqreboda,
isev ise axlos udganan varskvlavebi mTebs, Tu Cems bavSvo-
basaviT Sors wavidodneno.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 44)
2. Txđ tyoõ dok epwé s÷ osævô. mSvidaT, TivuS lamnigé co
ôeWmakå sù: ôaTeõ deídalö ixé i s÷ dok `dResac kidev
guli mimiwevs iqiT. mSvidad, mosvenebiT mTebs ver vuyu-
reb: maSinve aCqarebul Zgeras iwyebs es Cemi guli!~ (miqe-
laZe 2014 – 44)
167
Tavi IV.
rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi
§27. ramdenime erTgvari da araerTgvari damokidebuli wina-
dadeba mTavarTan
Cven mier aqamde ganxiluli winadadebaTa daqvemdebare-
bis TiTqmis yvela SemTxveva iseTia, sadac erT mTavars erTi
damokidebuli axlavs. wovaTuSur enaSi, sadac ukve bolom-
de aris damkvidrebuli rTulSi Semaval martiv winadadeba-
Ta daqvemdebarebis mdidari da daxvewili qarTuli sistema,
Tavisufal mimoqcevaSia rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqcie-
bic, sadac erT mTavars ramdenime damokidebuli ukavSirde-
ba.
rogorc cnobilia, rTul winadadebaSi Semavali ramde-
nime damokidebulidan SeiZleba yvela uSualod mTavars
ukavSirdebodes, an kidev gvqondes Tanamimdevruli daqvem-
debareba, roca mTavars axlavs erTi damokidebuli, damoki-
debuls ki Tavisi damokidebuli.
damokidebuli winadadebebi, romlebic saerTo mTavars
ukavSirdeba, ori saxisaa: erTgvari da araerTgvari.
erTgvaria erT mTavarTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime da-
mokidebuli winadadeba, romlebic erTi da imave funqciisani
arian, yvela qvemdebarulia, an gansazRvrebiTi da a. S. aseTi
damokidebuli winadadebebi erTnairad miemarTebian mTavris
erTsa da imave wevrs, an mTlianad mTavar winadadebas.
magaliTad:
168
zezvaû we, raki Sa×rç vaJkacbev daô gaku×rbad×ier qveyanđ,
raki daô gadarCenad×ier kaxiTđ TaTriv aoxrbad×arexø, va×
naxlo daô comacnã ×aë `zezvas saxeli, raki Tavisi vaJka-
cobiT qveyana gaakvirva, raki kaxeTi gadaarCina TaTre-
bisgan aoxrebas, Cvens xalxSi arasodes daikargeba.~
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria zezvaû we va×
naxlo daô comacnã ×aë àzezvas saxeli Cvens xalxSi arasodes
daikargeba~. aq mocemul Semasmenels ori mizezisgaremoebi-
Ti damokidebuli winadadeba axlavs:
1. raki Sa×rç vaJkacbev daô gakvirbad×ier qveyanđ `raki
Tavisi vaJkacobiT gaakvirva qveyana.~
2. raki daô gadarCenad×ier kaxiTđ TaTriv aoxrbad×arexø
`raki gadaarCina kaxeTi TaTrebisgan aoxrebas.~
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ganxiluli qvewyobili winada-
deba erTgvar damokidebul winadadebiania.
analogiuri viTareba gavqvs Semdeg rTul qvewyobil wi-
nadadebaSic, sadac mTavari winadadebis erT Semasmenels
ori droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli wiandadeba ukavSir-
deba:
marā Raznđ moõ eôaT dar,
bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or,
doinmaq Ta×lzi ÙoxkøCu×Sv
fsti-bádri laëmì mã ôalo Ùelor
`ra kargi iyo maSin,
TuSebi TuSurad rom laparakobdnen,
cxenebze xurjinebakidebulebs
169
col-Svili mTaSi rom mihyavdaT.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 194)
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: marā Raznđ
moõ eôaT dar àmaSin iyo ra kargi~.
mTavar winadadebaSi mocemul korelats eôaT àmaSin~
ganmarteba-dazustebisaTvis axlavs ori drois garemoebiTi
damokidebuli winadadeba:
I. bacbiv ba×cbraT mã ambu× ×or `TuSebi TuSurad rom
laparakobdnen.~
II. doinmaq Ta×lzi ÙoxkøCu×Sv fsti-bádri laëmì mã
ôalo Ùelor `cxenebze xurjinebakidebulebs, col-Svi-
li mTaSi rom mihyavdaT.~
rogorc analizma gviCvena, mTavari winadadebis erT
wevrs amjerad ori droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli wina-
dadeba axlavs, anu es damokidebuli winadadebebi erTgvaria.
roca damokidebuli winadadebebi erTgvaria anu erTma-
neTis mimarT Tanwyobilia, isini xSirad maerTebeli kavSiriT
uerTdebian erTmaneTs.
magaliTad:
o adgil, miCôã wa deweTx Tagdanã, miCôã dđxö deweTx xabJö,
fôeqorTix ×a `is adgili, sadac saxli unda avaSenoT da
sadac unda davbinavdeT, soflis TavSia.~
aq mTavari winadadebis erT wevrs (o adgil `is adgili~)
axlavs ori gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba, rom-
lebic, rogorc Tanwyobilni, `da~ kavSiriT aris SeerTebu-
li.
170
erT mTavarTan dakavSirebuli damokidebuli winadade-
bebi araerTgvarovania, roca isini sxvadasxva tipisani arian,
an mTavris sxvadasxva wevrs miemarTebian.
magaliTad:
1. Jagné, menxê dudax icnas, uÙé admenev qebadi÷ sogé, menã
zora×Sç xeïiné da `wigni, romelic weRan viyide, im ada-
mianma miqo, vinc Zalian nakiTxia.~
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria: Jagné uÙé ad-
menev qebadi÷ sogé `wigni im adamianma miqo.~ mocemul mTavar
winadadebas axlavs ori gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli wina-
dadeba; pirveli: menxê dudax icnas àromelic weRan viyide~;
da meore: menã zora×Sç xeïiné da àromelic Zalian nakiTxia~.
miuxedavad erTtipiurobisa, es damokidebuli winadadebebi
araerTgvaria, radgan isini mTavari winadadebis sxvadasxva
wevrebs miemarTebian. es wevrebia Jagné `wigni~ da uÙé `im~.
rogorc aRvniSneT, damokidebuli winadadebebi araer-
Tgvaria maSinac, roca isini erTsa da imave wevrs miemarTebi-
an, magram sxvadasxva tipisani arian.
magaliTad:
I. momxseneblegé yuradRebiT lark Ǥu×fnoôra×Sç,
ueWvelaT datyobadora×Sç, mã moxseneb zepiraT ×ar
Ǥam×iené `momxseneblisTvis yuradRebiT rom mogesminaT,
ueWvelad SeatyobdiT, rom moxseneba zepirad hqonda
daswavlili.~
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavari wiandadebaa
ueWvelaT datyobadora×Sç àueWvelad SeatyobdiT~.
171
mas axlavs ori damokidebuli:
1. momxseneblegé yuradRebiT lark Ǥu×fnoôra×Sç
`momxseneblisTvis yuradRebiT rom mogesminaT.~
2. mã moxseneb zepiraT ×ar Ǥam×iené `rom moxseneba zepi-
rad hqonda daswavlili.~
mocemuli damokidebuli winadadebebi araerTgvaria, imi-
tom rom isini sxvadasxva tipisani arian: pirveli pirobiTi da-
mokidebulia, meore ki pirdapir damatebiTi damokidebuli.
II. sanam eÙus defciné defcu×cas, ohđ dewes Sug aĉö, mã
×uymaí xkulix ×ar e ambu× `sanam amis moyolils
movyvebode, isic unda giTxraT, rom Sua zafxuls iyo es
ambavi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 77)
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi gvaqvs agreTve erT
mTavarTan Sewyobili ori damokidebuli winadadeba;
mTavaria: ohđ dewes Sug aĉö àisic unda giTxraT~.
damokidebuli:
1. sanam eÙus defciné defcu×cas àsanam amis monayols
movyvebi~.
2. mã ×uymaí xkulix ×ar e ambu×ã àrom Sua zafxulSi mox-
da es ambavi~.
mocemuli damokidebuli winadadebebi mTavris erTsa da
imave wevrs – Semasmenels – miemarTeba, magram isini araer-
Tgvaria, radgan sxvadasxva tipisani arian: erTi drois gare-
moebiTia, meore ki – pirdapir damatebiTi.
172
§28. Tanamimdevruli daqvemdebareba
damokidebuli winadadebebis Tanamimdevruli daqvemde-
bareba gvaqvs maSin, roca mTavris damokidebuls Tavisi da-
mokidebuli axlavs, damokidebulis damokidebuls Tavisi
damokidebuli da a. S. am gziT iqmneba daqvemdebarebis kibise-
buri saxe: winadadeba, romelic erTi winadadebis mimarT da-
mokidebulia, meoris mimarT aris mTavari da es wesi grZel-
deba bolomde.
magaliTad:
ibos as bčevøCé Cáigo larki daô Tetø, mã bini ôoralé,
miCôã mwyemsi darwmunbadbor se simarTlex `ibom Cem mok-
lul daTvs yurebi daaWra, rom (raTa) binaSi waeRo, sa-
dac mwyemdebs daarwmunebda Cems simarTleSi.~ (miqelaZe
2014 – 120)
mocemul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavaria pirveli wina-
dadeba ibos as bčevøCé Cáigo larki daô Tetø `ibom Cem mok-
lul daTvs yurebi daaWra.~
mTavarzea damokidebuli meore winadadeba mã bini
ôoralé `rom (raTa) binaSi mietana.~ es damokidebuli wina-
dadeba miznis garemoebiTia, radgan pasuxobs miznis garemoe-
bis kiTxvaze da asrulebs miznis garemoebis rols mTavris
SemasmenelTan.
meore damokidebuli winadadebaa: miCôã mwyemsi darwmun-
badbor se simarTlex `sadac mwyemsebs daarwmunebda Cems si-
marTleSi.~ es damokidebuli winadadeba ukve eqvemdebareba
pirvel damokidebul winadadebas, radgan asrulebs garkve-
173
uli wevris (miznis garemoebis) rols swored pirveli damo-
kidebulis SemasmenelTan. cxadia, amjerad daqvemdebareba
Tanamimdevrulia.
Tanamimdevrulad daqvemdebarebuli winadadebebis ric-
xvi SeiZleba orze metic iyos. magaliTad:
samsaëxrel÷ Cu ×eõené gakvirbad×a×lné ×is÷sé, macnã
ojxe oStú nax bčardax÷ sù, ôanxinđ bčđ CaÙ ridbalaras,
raki oÙarx duÙ moČø Ĉm xaw÷dar sù, vuxã daô coôanã
leWydoger `samsaxuridan dabrunebuli gakvirvebuli
davrCi, roca ojaxSi iseTi xalxi damxvda, visac yovel-
Tvis veridebodi, raki maTs Sesaxeb bevri cudi msmenmo-
da, rasac aRaravin malavda.~
mocemuli qvewyobili winadadeba xuTi martivi winada-
debisgan Sedgeba, romelTa Soris mTavaria samsoëxrel÷ Cu
×eõené gakvirbad×a×lné ×is÷sé àsamsaxuridan dabrunebuli
gakvirvebuli davrCi~.
mTavari winadadebis damokidebulia (I xarisxis damoki-
debulia) macnã ojxe oStú nax bčardax÷ sù àroca ojaxSi
iseTi xalxi damxvda~.
I xarisxis damokidebuli winadadebis damokidebuli wi-
nadadebaa, anu II xarisxis damokidebulia ôanxinđ bčđ CaÙridba-
laras àvisac yovelTvis veridebodi~.
III xarisxis damikidebulia raki oÙarx duÙ moČø Ĉm
xaw÷dar sù àraki maT Sesaxeb bevri cudi msmenmoda~.
IV xarisxis damikidebulia Ĉxã daô coôanã leWydoger
àrasac aRaravin malavda~.
174
Tanamimdevruli daqvemdebarebis dros erTmaneTis mom-
devno sxvadasxva xarisxis damokidebul winadadebebs Soris
iseTive mimarTeba gvaqvs, rogoric gvaqvs mTavarsa da mis da-
mokidebuls Soris. magaliTad, mocemul SemTxvevaSi pirve-
li xarisxis damokidebuli winadadeba damokidebulia mTav-
ris mimarT, magram mTavaria meore xarisxis damokidebulis
mimarT. meore xarisxis damokidebuli winadadeba mTavaria mi-
esame xarisxis damokidebulis mimarT da a. S.
§29. Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba
iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, wovaTuSurSic xSirad vxvde-
biT erTdrouli Tanwyobisa da qvewyobis Semcvel rTul wi-
nadadebebs. iseT rTul winadadebas, sadac Tanwyobac gvaqvs
da qvewyobac, Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba hqvia. aRniS-
nuli tipis rTulSi Semavali Tanwyobili winadadebis nawi-
lebi erTmaneTs uerTdeba majgufebeli an mapirispirebeli
kavSirebiT, rogoricaa: ã `da~, mđ `magram~, xoloT `xolo~…
zogjer maTive ukavSiro SeerTebac gvxvdeba.
magaliTad:
duxane co Ǥeda×xknor obi u×sã, ukve ukanasknel
sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes, macnã maq leki
ÙiTnor `didxans ara msxdariyvnen isini iq-da ukve
ukanasknel sadRegrZelos ambobda Turme Tamada, roca
zed lekebi dasxmodnen~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 109)
175
mocemuli magaliTi sam martiv winadadebas aerTianebs,
esenia:
1. duxane co Ǥeda×xknor obi u×sç `didxans ara
msxdariyvnen isini iq.~
2. ukve ukanasknel sadRegrZelé levboralé Tamdes `uk-
ve ukanasknel sadregrZelos ambobda Turme Tamada.~
3. macnã maq leki ÙiTnor `roca Tavs lekebi dasxmod-
nen.~
CamoTvlili martivi winadadebebidan rTulis Semadgen-
lobaSi pirveli ori Tanwyobis gziTaa erTmaneTTan SeerTe-
buli da orSemadgenlian Tanwyobil winadadebas qmnian. rac
Seexeba mesame martiv winadadebas, is, rogorc drois gare-
moebiTi damokidebuli, daqvemdebarebiTs mimarTebaSia Tan-
wyobili winadadebis meore nawilidan. gvaqvs Tanadrouli
Tanwyobac da daqvemdebarebac, ris gamoc ganxiluli rTuli
winadadeba Sereuli saxisaa.
wovaTuSuri enis zepirmetyvelebisa Tu werilobiTs
wyaroebSi gvxvdeba Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadebis kom-
ponentTa poziciuri urTierTmimarTebis iseTi saxeebic, ro-
ca qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis pirveli na-
wili, an qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis meore
nawili, an kidev misive orive nawili.
magaliTad:
I. qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis meore na-
wili:
1. iÙu×godolø samudmoT daô a×tnor ×oô, levö mđ u×S
176
daô eSarva×lnor, mã saswafoT donn xaõené tyu×ô
vowva×lnor mdevrex `amis mere samudamod gaCumebuliyo
qali, levani ki ise gagiJebuliyo, rom cxenze Semomjda-
ri saswrafod ukan gamosdevneboda mdevars.~ (miqelaZe
2011 – 110)
2. dodoSeõ fsarlè xiĉenå, ǤambarCå daô gubaĉ÷Cé mdev-
rin dagø, mã o Sobigo osi wariS akur `amasobaSi moRamda
da alaznisTavSi gadaCenilma mdevarma dainaxa, rom im
fSavlebs iq cecxlebi enToT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 20)
dasaxelebuli Sereuli saxis rTuli Tanwyobili winada-
debebidan pirveli Tanwyobili winadadebis meore nawili Se-
icavs viTarebisgaremoebiT damokidebul winadadebas, meore
Tanwyobili winadadebis meore nawils ki eqvemdebareba pir-
dapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
II. qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis pirveli
nawili:
magaliTad:
1. xeïralé ×aôox nanas, xum comenđ vewå ôùna×né, mđ ×oô ×ux
co livralé àekiTxeboda Turme gogos deda, xom aravin
giyvarso, magram gogo ar pasuxobda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
107)
2. buôexø vux co verwma×kCe, lazrego bádri bádé disé,
sogo mđ jer báder co da×cç `omidan Tu ver dabrunda,
lazars Svilebi oblad darCeba, me ki xom jer Svili ara
myavs.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 129)
177
magaliTebad dasaxelebul orsave rTul winadadebaSi
damokidebuli axlavs Tanwyobili winadadebis pirvel na-
wils. damokidebuli winadadeba pirvel SemTxvevaSi pirdapir
damatebiTia, meore SemTxvevaSi ki – pirobiTi.
III. qvewyobilia rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis orive na-
wili.
magaliTad:
1. Txa ×a wyegeõ ×awø mdgomareob va× maïgo daxeõ, mã
yùCu×Sn axnaõ co makegå va×ReS ambu× ×ö, ôanna mđ miTom
ÙeTå e vaø mott, ÙeCna×raT duÙ Secdomi Svebad×o `dRes
aqvs nametani mZime mdgomareoba Cvens enas imitom, rom
axalgazrdebis naxevarsac ki aRar SeuZliaT Cveneburad
laparaki, xolo vinc viTom icis, Zalze bevr Secdomas
uSvebs.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 105)
2. sù zora×Sç gaku×rbadalø, mã akademikos SaniZen sox
RaziS ÙeTer vaø moï, o mđ niko Ziegé verwø ku×xraT, mã
yùCu×Sv zora×S yiul baxraTx Txaø moï `me Zalian
gamikvirda, rom akademikosma SaniZem Cemze kargad icoda
Cveni ena, man ki Zia nikos SesCivla qarTulad, rom
axalgazrdebi Zalian vaRaribebdiT sakuTar enas.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 109)
magaliTebad dasaxelebuli Sereuli saxis orsave rTul
winadadebaSi gvaqvs erTdrouli Tanwyobac da qvewyobac.
Tanwyobili winadadebebi orivegan orSemadgenliania, ro-
melTagan TiToeuls axlavs TiTo damokidebuli winadadeba.
pirvel magaliTSi gvaqvs mizezis garemoebiTi da qvemdeba-
178
ruli damokidebuli winadadebebi, meoreSi ki – qvemdebaru-
li da pirdapirdamatebiTi damokidebuli wiandadebebi.
cxadia, Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba SeiZleba Sei-
cavdes ara mxolod orSemadgenlian Tanwyobil winadadebas,
aramed sam- da metSemadgenliansac iseve, rogorc SeiZleba
meti iyos Tanwyobili winadadebis TiToeul Semadgenelze
damokidebuli wiandadebebis ricxvic.
zogjer iseTi SemTxvevebic gvaqvs, roca Tanwyobili wi-
nadadebis orsave nawils erTi saerTo daqvemdebarebuli wi-
nadadeba gaaCnia.
magaliTad:
oStú lamzur lev×or winusgo bčarkiã, oStú dard
laíralé Cuô, mã aRelbadvaløCé miqlego deR
la×stnor `iseTi lamazi hqonoda patarZals Tvalebi da
iseTi dardi mdgariyo Sig, rom aRelvebul miqels tani
Sehqaneboda.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 30)
mocemul SemTxvevaSi saerTo damokidebuli winadadeba
gansazRvrebiTia. niSneulia amjerad is garemoeba, rom Tan-
wyobili winadadebis orsave nawilSi gvaqvs damokidebulis
korelati oStú àiseTi~.
179
Tavi V.
winadadebaTa qvewyobis
arqauli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi
§30. sakiTxis zogadi mimoxilva
rogorc wina TavebSi ganvixileT, Tanamedrove wovaTu-
Sur enaSi srulad dafisqirda martiv winadadebaTa daqvem-
debarebis yvela is tipuri SemTxveva, rac Tanamedrove qar-
TulSi gvaqvs; maTematikuri sizustiT aris gadmoRebuli
kavSiriani Tu ukavSiro qvewyobis maorganizebeli korela-
tebi Tu kavSirebi da wevr-kavSirebi, Sonaarsobrivi Tu in-
tonaciuri mimarTeba mTavarsa da damokidebuls Soris, mar-
tivi, erTsafexuriani qvewyobisa Tu rTuli, mravalsafexu-
riani qvewyobis modelebi.
mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul yu-
radRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom, miuxedavd wovaTuSuri
enis martiv winadadebaTa qvewyobis axali modelebis sruli
Sesatyvisobisa qarTuli enis saTanado modelebTan, am mo-
delTa maorganizebeli masala: korelatebi, kavSirebi Tu
wevr-kavSirebi – yvela, garda iSviaTi gamonaklisisa, msesxe-
belma enam sakuTari leqsikuri inventaridan awarmova qar-
Tuli standartis mixedviT. am movlenas safuZvlad, cxadia,
wyaro enis gavlenisgan msesxebeli enis Tavdacvis instinqti
udevs. aRniSnuli faqtidan kargad ikveTeba is garemoebac,
rom enobrivi gavlenebi ZiriTadad saazrovno modelTa gar-
180
daqmnas emsaxureba, saorganizacio masala ki teqnikuri mom-
saxurebis rigiT samuSaos asrulebs mxolod.
wovaTuSurSi dRes martiv winadadebaTa daqvemdebare-
bis ori sistema moqmedebs paralelurad: sakuTari da qarTu-
lidan SeTvisebuli. qarTuli sistema aqtiur momiqcevaSia am
enaze mosaubreTa Soris, sakuTari ki daviwyebas eZleva swo-
red nasesxebi sistemis aqtiuri zegavleniT.
zemoT, martiv winadadebaTa qvewyobis sakiTxebze msje-
lobisas, Cven davaxasiaTeT wovaTuSurSi farTod moqmedi
daqvemdebarebis qarTuli sistema, axla ki imave daqvemdeba-
rebis sakuTriv wovaTuSur sistemas SevexebiT. winaswar aR-
vniSnavT, rom es araa bolomde Camoyalibebuli da dasrule-
buli sistema qvewyobisa, es martiv winadadebaTa daqvemdeba-
rebis didi xnis win dawyebuli, magram daumTavrebeli nage-
bobaa, romlis Semdgom sruloqmnisa da gafarToebis xeli
SeuSala qarTuli enis mza, mravlismomcvelma sistemam. yvelaze didi Tavisebureba daqvemdebarebis Zveli sis-
temisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom mTavari da damokidebuli wi-
andadebebis zmnur formaTa funqciur urTierTobas calke,
damokidebul sityvebad warmodgenili kavSiri da korelati
ki ar gansazRvravs, aramed zmnis konkretuli aspeqtisa Tu
drois formaze darTuli maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsebi. Tana-
medrove wovaTuSur enaSi sul ramdenime aseTi sufiqsi fun-
qcionirebs. esenia: -S, -Ce, -ô, - ôer, -Cu×, -Ceôer. maTze day-
rdnobiT xdeba organizeba sami saxis damokidebuli winada-
debisa, rogoricaa: droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli wian-
181
dadeba, mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba da pi-
robiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
martiv winadadebaTa daqvemdebarebis sakuTriv wovaTu-
Suri sistemis siZveles cxadyofs ramdenime garemoeba:
I. aRniSnuli saxiT is dRes aqtiurad funqcionirebs wo-
vaTuSuris uaxloesad monaTesave CeCnursa da inguSur eneb-
Si;
II. wovaTuSuri enis winadadebaTa qvewyobis sakuTari sis-
temis yvelaze Zvel modelSi, rogoricaa droisgaremoebiTi
damokidebuli winadadeba, Semasmenlebi monacvleoben ara
drois, aramed aspeqtis mixedviT.
samecniero literaturaSi dadgenilad iTvleba ukve is
garemoeba, rom, rogorc gramatikuli kategoria, aspeqti
uswrebda dros. mocemul sakiTxze vrclad msjelobs prof.
z. WumburiZe. mkvlevari askvnis, rom: `drois gramatikuli
kategoriis Camoyalibebas win uswrebda aspeqti: diuratiu-
li da momentobrivi. es ori aspeqti safuZvlad daedo ori
drois, awmyosa da warsulis, garCevas, momavali dro ki Se-
darebiT gvian gamoiyo~ (WumburiZe 1986 – 3).
daqvemdebarebis aRniSnuli sistemis siZveles CeCnuri
enis masalaze dayrdnobiT adasturebs prof. n. iakovlevi:
`Подчинение придаточных предложений с помощью особых
глагольных форм, которые мы назвали придаточными формами сказуемого, представляет собою более древнее явление в языке, чем подчинение их с помощю относительных союзов и местоимений~ (iakovlevi 1940 – 178).
182
§31. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom Tanamedrove wovaTuSur enaSi
daqvemdebarebis Zveli sistema sami saxis damokidebul wina-
dadebas moicavs, gvaqvs: droisgaremoebiTi, mizezisgaremoe-
biTi da pirobiTi damokidebuli wiandadebebi. droisgaremo-
ebiT damokidebul winadadebas konkretuli viTarebis mi-
xedviT ori sxvadasxva sufiqsi gamoxatavs, esenia: -Ce da -ô.
ganvixilavT TiToeul maTgans cal-calke.
maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsi `-Ce~ ZiriTadad droul mimar-
Tebas gamoxatavs mTavar winadadebaSi gadmocemuli moqme-
debis mimarT, magram sakmaod xSirad pirobasac gadmogvcems
imave mTavarSi gadmocemuli moqmedebisa,
gvaqvs: -Ce 1. àmaSin, roca~; 2. àmaSin, Tu~.
Sdr.:
1. niké veõ-Ce, so u×sç varasé `niko roca movida, ǩmaSinǪ me
iq viyavi.~
2. niké veõ-Ce, as u×s co vaRos `niko Tu mova, ǩmaSinǪ me iq
ar moval.~
sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom mocemuli sagaremoebo
sufiqsi daerTvis zmnis mxolod srulaspeqtiani formebis
fuZes da gamoxatavs moqmedebis srul aspeqts drois gareSe.
Sesabamisad, rogorc zmnis srulaspeqtian formas, mas SeuZ-
lia gamoxatos mxolod ori dro: warsuli da momavali; xo-
lo is, Tu am ori droidan romelia gamoxatuli zmnis -Ce-su-
fiqsiani formiT, zustdeba mTavari winadadebis zmnis drois
mixedviT: dasaxelebuli ori droidan isaa damokidebuli wi-
183
nadadebis zmnis dro, ra drocaa gamoxatuli mTavari winada-
debis zmniT.
Sdr.:
1. niké veõ-Ce, so u×sç varasé `niko roca movida, ǩmaSinǪ me
iq viyavi.~
2. niké veõ-Ce, asđ u×sç xiĉas `niko roca mova, ǩmaSinǪ mec
iq viqnebi.~
rogorc es TargmanebSi gamoixata, zmnis erTma da imave
formam (veõCe) konkretuli viTarebis mixedviT anu mTavari
winadadebis zmnis drois mixedviT ori sxvadasxva dro gamoi-
xata: warsuli da momavali.
dgeba kiTxva: riT avsebs ena damokidebuli winadadebis
Riad darCenili axlandeli drois formebs? sagulisxmoa,
rom es xdeba imave moqmedebis aRmniSvneli zmnis usruli as-
peqtis formebze dayrdnobiT, axla ukve am formas daerTvis
maqvemdebarebeli afiqsi. zogadenaTmecnieruli Tvalsazri-
siT sainteresoa is garemoebac, rom imave zmnis usruli as-
peqtis formebs maqvemdebarebeli funqciiT sul sxva saniSno
sufiqsi daerTvis, esaa -S.
magaliTad:
nan samsoxrel÷ ×aRo-S, as sanigo bčarixas `deda
samsaxuridan roca modis, ǩmaSinǪ me karebTan vxvdebi.~
mocemuli -Ce da -S sufiqsiani magaliTebis Sedareba
naTlad warmoaCens im garemoebas, rom wovaTuSurSi aspeqtis
mixedviT erTmaneTs upirispirdeba erTi da imave zmnis gan-
184
sxvavebuli fuZeebi, anu sruli da usruli aspeqtis gamom-
xatveli fuZeebi.
aRniSnuli aspeqtobrivi dapirispireba damokidebuli
winadadebis sxvadasxva drois formebs Soris gansakuTrebiT
naTlad iCens Tavs, roca saanalizod qarTulidan nasesxeb
zmniswinian formebs viRebT. aseTi dakvirvebis saSualebas
gvaZlevs is garemoeba, rom wovaTuSurma enam qarTulidan
nasesxebi auarebeli zmnis zmniswinian da uzmniswino formeb-
ze dayrdnmobiT aspeqtis gamoxatvis sakuTari sistemis para-
lelurad gaiTavisa da nasesxebi zmnebisaTvis dauSva aspeq-
cis gamoxatvis qarTuli, zmniswinze agebuli sistema.
magaliTad:
1. as davaleb dawerad×iCe, nan Cuô ×ar `me davaleba
davwere-roca, deda Sin iyo.~
2. as davaleb dawerad×iCe, nan Cuô xiĉì `me davalebas
davwer-roca, deda Sin iqneba.~
3. as davaleb werad×oS, nan sù fenix Ǥe×aRå `me davalebas
vwer-roca, deda CemTan axlos zis.~
4. as davaleb werad×oS, nan sù fenix Ǥe×aRer `me davale-
bas vwerdi-roca, deda CemTan axlos ijda.~
dasaxelebul magaliTebSi yuradRebas iqcevs is garemo-
eba, rom nasesxeb `dawera~ zmnaSi sruli da usruli aspeqtis
formebi qarTuli sistemiT, anu zmniswinis darTva-daurTve-
lobiT upirispirdeba erTmaneTs. mravlismetyvelia is faq-
tic, rom erTi da igive forma nasesxebi zmnisa dawerad×iCe
mTavari winadadebis zmnis drois mixedviT erT SemTxvevaSi
185
srul aspeqtian warsul drod gaiazreba, meore SemTxvevaSi
ki isev srulaspeqtiani momavali drois gagebas iZleva. rac
Seexeba imave zmnis meore formas werad×oS, is usruli aspeq-
tis fuZes eyrdnoba da erT SemTxvevaSi rom axlandel dro-
is gamoxatavs, meore semTxvevaSi usrulaspeqtiani warsuli
drois formad gaiazreba.
rogorc vxedavT, damowmebuli qarTuli zmnis magali-
TebSi damokidebuli winadadebis zmnis aspeqtisa da drois
gamoxatvis sistema najvaria anu hibridulia:
I. qarTulia is, rom aspeqti zmniswiniT gamoixateba;
II. wovaTuSuria is, rom damokidebuli winadadebis zmnis
dro mTavari winadadebis zmnis droiT ganisazRvreba, iseve
rogorc es xdeboda am enis sakuTari zmnebis SemTxvevaSi.
sainteresoa, rom Cven mier mocemul sakiTxebze faqtob-
rivi masalis mosaZieblad aRebul wovaTuSuri teqstebis
orsave tomSi sxva saxis damokidebul winadadebebTan Seda-
rebiT yvelaze meti sixSiriT swored drois garemoebiTi da-
mokidebuli winadadeba dafiqsirda, Tanac umetesoba maTgan
sayrdeni Semasmenlebis -Ce sufiqsian warsuli drois forme-
biT aris realizebuli. maTma saerTo ricxvma orsave tomSi
36-s miaRwia qarTuli modeliT agebuli imave Sinaarsis 8
drois garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis sapirispi-
rod.
vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli Sinaarsis damokidebulis Semcve-
li qvewyobili winadadebebis simravle werilobiT wyaroeb-
Si imiT unda aixsnas, rom maTSi Setanili mTliani masala wo-
186
vaTuSebis ganvlil cxovrebas anu warsul dros asaxavs da
Txrobac ZiriTadad warsul droSi xdeba; sakiTxavia oRond,
enaSi ukve farTod damkvidrebuli gamocalkevebul-kavSi-
riani qarTuli modelis damokidebuli winadadebebis gver-
diT ras unda gamoewvia imave Sinaarsis sagaremoebo-sufiq-
siani damokidebuli winadadebebis gverdiT ras unda gamoew-
via imave Sinaarsis sagaremoebo-sufiqsiani damokidebuli
winadadebebis simravle? amisi erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi,
vfiqrobT, tradicia unda iyos, meore mizezad ki, albaT, is
unda CaiTvalos, rom damokidebuli winadadebis aseTi for-
mebi sametyvelo droisa da energiis ekonomiis Tvalsazri-
siT aSkarad momgebiania.
saanalizo werilobiTi wyaroebidan amoRebuli qarTu-
li modelis droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis
Semcveli rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis magaliTebi wina
TavSi gvaqvs damowmebuli saTanado msjelobasTan dakavSi-
rebiT. amjerad davasaxelebT -Ce sufiqsiani droisgaremoe-
biTi damokidebulis Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebis maga-
liTebs imave wovaTuSuri teqstebidan: damokidebuli us-
wrebs, an mosdevs mTavars:
magaliTad:
I. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba uswrebs
mTavars.
1. aTx ôalé ayradba×l-Ce, maTx a×rTvö daô bagbanor
lastené `Cven rom aviyareniT, mze ukve sakmaod iyo
gadaxrili.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 27)
187
2. baxtrilné as aôé guva×ĉ-Ce, nata vaCnaZe ×eõ÷ sworeT
eôaTaW `baxtrionSi me-roca CavaRwie, nata vaCnaZe movida
swored maSin.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 75)
3. aTx guba×ĉ-Ce xaxkøCé doiv, naxv niy baĉø Txù `Cven
gamovCndiT-roca gaWenebuli cxeniT, xalxma gza mog-
vca.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 196)
4. ôalé Ùií-Ce, Cili toti ×axiTienå baxos, qaRaldđ ow-
di÷ ôalé `adga-roca, ubeSi xelebi Caiyo baxvam da qa-
Raldi amoiRo.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 28)
5. universitet daô damTavrbad×i-Ce, dixnor profesriv
tatox osi včiõar `universiteti daamTavra-roca, eTxo-
vaT profesorebs tatosTvis iq darCena.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
132)
6. Si bacav naymaq Cu u×í-Ce, bu×nReS ×ociTva× ambua `ori
TuSi gzaze gavCerdebiT-roca, qarTulad viwyebT aki
laparaks.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 105)
7. u×sr÷ dux dirw-Ce, nax ukve qastlaS dotur `iqidan
gamobrundnen-roca, xalxi ukve swrafad modioda.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 179)
8. asđ Cu xaõnas… so ×a×g-Ce, ma daklav, leõ sù Tivö `mec
davjeqi… daminaxav-roca, nu ifiqreb, dasveneba minda.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 83)
9. iČlR÷ klas damTavrbad×i-Ce, mar vinas `mecxre klasi
davamTavre-roca, qmari SevirTe.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 78)
188
10. lamni dakdaxk-Ce, s÷ doka× daS, moôã warmaq daí÷ `mTe-
bi gamaxsenda-roca, Cemi guli dneba, rogorc cecxlze
erbo.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 83)
II. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba mosdevs
mTavars.
1. ôo ×agar deniõ Ùenaõ da: gaëgđx Cu vexosé, ôo ×a×g-Ce
`Seni danaxva sul sxvaa: muxlebi merTmeva, daginaxav-ro-
ca.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 97)
2. fsarlè lev×oralé, obi alu×nç ôalé Ùa×C-Ce `saRamo
yofiliyo, imaT miaRwies-roca alvans.~ (miqelaZe 2011 –
120)
3. tye×xwlReCé saukun÷ bolé levbor, rusiT-TurqiTaû
buô bolba×l-Ce `mecxramete saukunis bolo yofiliyo,
ruseT-TurqeTis omi daiwyo-roca.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 129)
4. matr÷ dro miCux xiĉur jer, aTx nayn u×í-Ce `sadilis
dro sad iqneboda jer, Cven gzas davadeqiT-roca.~ (miqe-
laZe 2014 – 26)
mTavrisa da droisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis pozici-
uri mimarTebis ganxiluli ori wyobidan, rogorc sailus-
tracio winadadebebis raodenobrivi Sefardeba gviCvenvri-
sebs, didi sixSiruli sxvaobiT upiratesoba eniWeba pirvels.
sagulisxmoa, rom damokidebuli winadadebis mTavris wina
poziciis dasaxelebuli aTi magaliTis garda, bevri darCa sa-
analizo teqstebSi iseTi, romelTa damowmebac kidev Tavi-
suflad SeiZleboda, mTavris momdevnmo poziciaSi ki imave
189
saxis damokidebuli mxolod damowmebul oTx magaliTSi da-
dasturda.
rogorc zeviT ukve aRvniSneT, droisgaremoebiTi damo-
kidebuli winadadebis usrul aspeqtian zmnebSi imave Sinaar-
sis daqvemdebareba sufiqsi -S gamoxatavs. gvaqvs, magaliTad:
1. as disertacia dacod×o-S, laraõ burWulaZe genadis
gagua rusudn÷ recenzia cu× xaïø se disertacienmaq! `me
disertacias vicavdi-roca, uceb burWulaZe genadim
rusudan gaguas recenzia ar waikiTxa Cemi disertaciis
Sesaxeb!~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 52)
2. øcaä, Sug e daSni defco-S, oStiõ o bčarkiv naTbado
sù `axlac, am sityvebs giyvebiT-roca, isev is Tvalebi
minaTeben.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 29)
3. buô bo-S, wkipos aSarv ÙeĊĉbiTölaTralé masTxu×
`omobda-roca, wkipo xmas aSinebinebda Turme mters.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 188)
sayuradReboa, rom imave ganxilul maqvemdebarebeli
kavSirebis funqciis sagaremoebo -S da -Ce sufiqsebs gan-
sxvavebul enobriv situaciaSi sxva funqciebic aqvT, kerZod:
a) martivi winadadebis farglebSi sagaremoebo sufiqsi
-S viTarebis garemoebis funqcias aniWebs zmnur formas.
b) zmnis fuZeze darTuli sufiqsi -Ce garkveul situa-
ciaSi pirobiT damokidebul winadadebas awarmoebs.
ganvixilavT TiToeul maTgans cak-calke. daviwyebT sa-
garemoebo -S sufiqsiT. aRniSnuli funqciiT anu viTarebis
garemoebis mawarmoeblis funqciiT is daerTvis zmnis awmyos
190
mwkrivis fuZes; magaliTebi: vaTx `tiris~ – vaTxeS `tiriliT~;
vuR `yviris~ – vuReS `yviriliT~; kvnesala `kvnesis~ – kvnesa-
laS `kvnesiT~…
magaliTebi teqstebidan:
1. daô maldaløTxé ubner÷ maxkar-knaTi nikloz stexo-S
`daviRaleT ubnis gogo-biWebi nikolozis lodiniT.~
(miqelaZe 2011 – 75)
2. kampa×né Ùđ saaTu Ǥeba×xknaTx qæfebala-S,
sadRegrZelu× aĉö vaSin jibrbala-S `zustad sam saaTs
visxediT qeifiT, sadRegrZeloebis TqmaSi erTmaneTTan
SejibriT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 27)
3. Cu xabJueraTx bawar ha×né gaëgđx ôerCdo-S, ôalé gavi
TegdoraTx `davsxdebodiT, bawris ase muxlebze xveviT
Suloebs vakeTebdiT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 82)
-Ce sufiqsis meore, damatebiT funqcias pirobiT damo-
kidebulTan dakavSirebiT ganvixilavT.
§32. mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba
mizezis garemoebis funqciis daqvemdebarebiTs urTier-
Tobas damokidebuli winadadebis zmnis axla ukve ara aspeq-
tis, aramed konkretuli drois formaze darTuli maqvemde-
barebeli sufiqsi -Cu× gamoxatavs.
SevadaroT:
a) konkretuli drois usufiqso formebi:
1. axlandeli dro: meĉé `svams~
191
2. momavali dro: maĉé `dalevs~
3. warsuli dro: maĉ÷ `dalia~
b) konkretuli drois maqvemdebarebel-sufiqsiani for-
mebi:
1. axlandeli dro: meĉ-Cu× `raki / radgan svams~
2. momavali dro: maĉ-Cu× `raki / radgan dalevs~
3. warsuli dro: maĉ÷-Cu× `raki / radgan dalia~
magaliTad:
1. Ǥa eíC-u×, ôamivaõ dos margebado `zamTari dgeba-raki,
yvela SeSas imaragebs.~
2. dadas sù wa ec-Cu×, TamamaT vollas vđxö `mama me saxls
miyidis-raki, Tamamad daviwyeb cxovrebas.~
3. lav deõ÷-Cu×, ćëmaõ Su× wenbèx Cu laôdalø `Tovli
movida-radgan, yvela TavianT saxlebSi Sebinavda.~
es ukve daqvemdebarebis axali safexuria, raki damokide-
buli winadadebis Semasmenlis drois gasarkvevad amjerad
aRar aris saWiro mTavari winadadebis Semasmenlis drois mo-
Zieba, rogorc, magaliTad, es aucilebeli iyo zemoT ukve
ganxiluli droisgaremoebiTi damokidebulis SemTxvevaSi;
samive drois gageba ukve TviTon mizezis garemoebiTi damo-
kidebukli winadadebis Semasmenlis fuZeSi devs. cxadia, wi-
nadadebaTa daqvemdebarebis warmodgenili modeli Sedare-
biT gviandeli drois SenaZenia, radgan damokidebuli wina-
dadebis Semasmeneli aspeqtis magier drois orientacias iZ-
leva. Tanac myofadi, romelic drois formaTagan yvelaze
192
gviandelad aris miCneuli samecniero literaturaSi, aq uk-
ve calke, damoukideblad funqcionirebs.
aRniSnuli saxis damokidebuli winadadeba Cvens saanali-
zo teqstebSi ar dadasturda, ris gamoc magaliTebs zepiri
metyvelebidan vasaxelebT. gvaqvs, magaliTad:
1. gakviTli RaziS Ǥam×i÷-Cu×, iliké RosxeTeS vax÷ skoli
`gakveTilebi kargad iswavla-radgan, iliko sixaruliT
wavida skolaSi.~
2. sogo ôo va-Cu×, cxovrba costenxđ ÙeĊĉisé `me Sen
myavaxar-radgan, cxovrebaSi arafrisa meSinia.~
3. bádrilo vaóuxì va-Cu×, dadas ćëma sox valbado
`SvilebSi ufrosi var-raki, mama yvelafers me mavalebs.~
4. pirob ôalé asrulbad×o-Cu×, naxv ôo Cavarvo deputa-
teR `pirobas Seasruleb-raki, xalxi Sen agirCevs depu-
tatad.~
5. Raz÷ amødu× oí÷-Cu×, naxv xorbl÷ ×aóù mosaval stexé
`kargi amindebi dadga-radgan, xalxi xorblis did
mosavals elodeba.~
6. RaziS Ǥamdo-Cu×, skolas s÷ ×oô sigelev dajildbad×i÷
`kargad swavlobs-radgan, skolam Cemi gogo sigeliT
daajildova.~
§33. pirobiTidamokidebuli winadadeba
damokidebuli winadadebis Semasmenlis ama Tu im drois
formaze darTuli maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsebi -ô, - ôer, -Ce,
193
-Ceôer gamoxataven pirobas, razec aris damokidebuli mTava-
ri winadadebis SemasmenliT gadmocemuli moqmedebis Sesru-
leba Tu Seusrulebloba. maTgan Tavisi funqciiT sufiqsi -ô
zustad Seesatyviseba qarTuli pirobiTi damokidebuli wi-
nadadebis `Tu~ kavSirs, xolo -ôer imave qarTuli pirobiTi
damokidebuli winadadebis `rom~ kavSirs esadageba. sufiqsi
-Ce, romelic ZiriTadad droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli
winadadebis maxasiaTebelia da saTanado `rodesac~ kavSiris
funqcias atarebs, garkveul pirobebSi pirobiTi damokide-
bulis `Tu~ kavSiris funqciasac iTavsebs. rac Seexeba su-
fiqss -Ceôer, is rTuli Sedgenilobisaa, warmomdgaria ori
sxvadasxva, -Ce da -ôer, sufiqsebis SeerTebiT da Sinaarsob-
rivadac orive maTgans moicavs: iTargmneba rTuli `Tu rom~
kavSiris saxiT.
pirobiTi Sinaarsis damokidebul winadadebas wovaTu-
SurSi aqvs Tavisi sakuTari intonaciuri modeli, rasac qmnis
misi Semasmenlis pirveli marcvlidan bolo marcvalze gada-
tanili intensiuri maxvili. aseTi adgilgadanacvleba maxvi-
lisa mxolod am erTi saxis damokidebuli winadadebis Semas-
menelSi xdeba, rac qmnis misi intonaciis specifikas, anu,
garda maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsisa, intonaciac gamoarCevs
mas sxva saxis damokidebulTagan.
Sdr.:
werado `wers~
werado-ô `Tu wers~
werado-ôer `rom werdes~
194
rogorc aRvniSneT, pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadebis
ZiriTadi maqvemdebarebeli sufiqsebia -ô àTu~ da -ôer `rom~.
sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom aRniSnul maqvemdebarebel
sufiqsebs sayrdenad aqvT ukve Semasmenlis konkretuli
drois formebi, iseve rogorc es gvqonda mizezis garemoe-
biTi damokidebuli winadadebis SemTxvevaSi. arc amjerad
xdeba saWiro damokidebuli winadadebis Semasmenlis drois
saZieblad mTavari winadadebis drois garkveva. gvaqvs:
I. axlandeli dro – werado `wers~, werado-ô `Tu wers~,
werado-ôer `rom werdes.~
II. momavali dro – dawerado `dawers~, dawerado-ô `Tu
dawers~, dawerado-ôer `rom dawerdes.~
III. warsuli dro – daweradi÷ `dawera~, daweradino-h `Tu
dawera~, daweradino-ôer `rom daewera~.
rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, pirobiTi daqvemdebarebu-
lis formis gadmosacemad sufiqsebi -ô da -ôer yovelgvari
cvlilebis gareSe daerTvis zmnis axlandeli drois mza
formebs. erTaderTi sxvaoba am mxriv fuZis boloSi gadata-
nili maxvili qmnis.
magaliTad:
a) -ô-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
1. saëbì ambu× xaõö leõe-ô Sú, se ×aSax xaïaT, tasox `meti
ambis gageba gindaT-Tu Tqven, Cems das hkiTxeT, tasos.~
(miqelaZe 2014 – 283)
2. nanas davalbado-ô sox, is saqm ueWvelaT ôal Tag×os
`deda damavalebs-Tu, mag saqmes ueWvelad gavakeTeb.~
195
3. wesier xelfas Teĉo-ô, ôalé vewe volvalö Saxte
muSebadö `wesier xelfass iZlevian-Tu, unda daiwyo
SaxtSi muSaoba.~
4. Tamros gakviTli ôal Ǥam×ino-ô, maRazii ôaWos ma×Ù ecö
`Tamarma gakveTilebi iswavla-Tu, maRaziaSi gavgzavni
puris sayidlad.~
5. fsarelú ambu× ôamen xa×õno-ô, nax delödoluTva×xç
`guSindeli ambavi vinmem gaigo-Tu, xalxi dagvcinebs.~
b) -ôer-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli wiandadeba:
1. báder balkonmaqr÷ aôé Tefsla-ôer, eôaTđ co
SeZlebalar dadas o ôalé ecar `bavSvi aivnidan
vardeboda-rom, maSinac ar SeiZleboda is xelSi aeyvana
mamas.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 201)
2. Raz÷ amødu× disu-ôer, venÙev Raz÷ mosaval
×aĉin×araTva×nç `kargi amindebi darCebodes-rom, venaxi
karg mosavals mogvcemda.~
3. voô ×oô ×exö votu-ôer, oÙus vowor le biZç, le nanvaSé
`biWi gogos saTxovnelad midioda-rom, is gaiyolebda
biZas, an dediZmas.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 25)
4. va× CuliCé aíav đs droô dino-ôer, laëmì
ôaWbienbaraTva× nđx Jabcø cāR `Cvens make Zroxas boCola
droze moego-rom, mTaSi gavgzavnidiT sxvebis Zroxeb-
Tan erTad.~
5. ivnego kaZikù moõ vaJkacob xiĉno-ôer, iSt coôannđ
daCagrodvomaker `ivanes cota mainc vaJkacoba hqonoda-
rom, ase veravin daCagravda.~
196
-Ce-sufiqsian formebs disonansi SeaqvT pirobiTi damo-
kidebuli winadadebis zemoT ganxilul mwyobr sistemaSi. aq
is qmnis gamonakliss, radgan mTeli sistema pirobiTi damoki-
debuli winadadebisa Semasmenlis samive drois erTmaneTisa-
gan aSkarad gansxvavebul formebs eyrdnoba, -Ce sufiqsis
SemTxvevaSi ki sayrdens sruli aspeqtis erTaderTi, drois
mixedviT ganurCeveli forma warmoadgens. mas arc sagangebo
intonaciuri modeli ukavSirdeba, radgan Semasmenlis fuZe-
ze misi darTvisas. maxvili tradiciul pirvel xmovanze rCe-
ba. yvela aspeqtiT -Ce-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli
winadadeba gansxvavebulia amave funqciis -ô da -ôer-sufiq-
sebiani winadadebebisagan.
vfiqrobT, -Ce-sufiqsiani formebis pirobiTidamokide-
buli winadadebis sferoSi SemoWra droisa da pirobiTida-
mokidebukli winadadebebis garkveulma funqciur-Sinaar-
sobrivma msgavsebam ganapiroba. aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT arc
is unda iyos mniSvnelobas moklebuli, rom droisa da piro-
biT damokidebul winadadebebs aqvT saerTo kiTxva macö?
`rodis?~
igive viTareba dasturdeba wovaTuSurSi -Ceôer-sufiq-
siani pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadebis SemTxvevaSic. ro-
gorc es zeviT aRiniSna msjelobaSi, Semasmenelze calke
darTuli -ôer sufiqsi ar arRvevs pirobiTi damokidebuli
winadadebis ZiriTad morfologiur models. amjerad masTan
dakavSirebuli gamonaklisi misi -Ce-sufiqsTan kavSiriT un-
da aixsnebodes.
197
gvaqvs, magaliTad:
a) -Ce-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.
1. bádri ôal xiT-Ce, taTbuv daxsnador mSobliv, co xiT-Ce
mđ RaígiR daÙdor mSobliv `bavSvebs ipovidnen-Tu, fu-
liT ixsnidnen mSoblebi, ver ipovidnen-Tu, mojamagire-
ebad zrdidnen mSoblebi.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 119)
2. SemTxveviT Txa so daô va×l-Ce, côav÷ ma viTlesé osi,
ÙeĊĉisé `SemTxveviT dRes me movkvdi-Tu, mart ar
damtovo, meSiniao.~ (miqelaZe 2011 – 195)
3. iÙu×n Ĉm xiĉ-Ce, as eÙu× dadegé Ĉx aĉos? `amas rame
mouvida-Tu, me amis mamas ra vuTxra?~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 118)
4. gibal o gu×rgaõRarø ×oô, mowonad×a×l-Ce ôù, Cu
×oõ×oTva× `naxe is gorgiSvilebis qali, mogewoneba-Tu,
moviyvanoT.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 216)
5. is Jagné co mowonada×l-Ce sù, bolomcø ôal co xaïos
`eg wigni ar momewona-Tu me, bolomde ar wavikiTxav.~
b) -Ceôer-sufiqsiani pirobiTi damikidebuli winadadeba.
1. ma×Jdar ôamas ba×ĉ-Ceôer sù, ×aóù miRwev ×ar `mWads
vinme momcemda-Tu-rom, didi miRweva iyo.~
2. qiqoõ ×aôov mar vi-Ceôer, ×as÷ co ×otur ojxi `Zvelad
gogo gaTxovdeboda-Tu-rom, carieli ar midioda
ojaxSi.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 90)
3. maran finxđ ×otu×nç fstu×né aôé ×u×J-Ceôer, co
SeZlebalar o ôalé Ùeí×ana×né mar fenix vaxar `qmris
gverdiT mimavali coli rom waqceuliyo, ar SeiZleboda,
asayeneblad qmari masTan misuliyo.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 204)
198
4. amødu× mosarda×l-Ceôer, bare Teg×oraTx e saqm
`amindebi gafuWdebnoda-Tu-rom, barSi vakeTebdiT am
saqmes.~ (miqelaZe 2014 – 262)
5. vaø nax Ĉmaõ dakav cadda×l-Ceôer, i va× ag-babă mawrø
moï daô bisbaÙinbaraTva× daô bavrexø `Cveni xalxi yvela
guliT ecdebodes-Tu-rom, am Cveni mama-papebis tkbil
enas gadavarCendiT dakargvisagan.~
199
literatura
1. gigaSvili 2014 – q. gigaSvili, wovaTuSebis Tanamedrove
eTno-sociologiuri profili, Tb., 2014.
2. dondua 1949 – k. dondua, damokidebuli winadadebis gan-
viTarebidan Zvel qarTulSi, Tsu Sromebi, t. 37, Tb., 1949.
3. enuqiZe 1987 – ZiriTadi sintaqsuri Teoriebi Tanamedro-
ve sazRvargareTul enaTmecnierebaSi, Tb., 1987.
4. kvaWaZe 1966 – l. kvaWaZe, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sin-
taqsi, Tb., 1966.
5. miqelaZe 2008 – m. miqelaZe, interferentuli procesebi
wovaTuSur enaSi, naw. I, leqsika da fonologia, Tb., 2008.
6. miqelaZe 2011 – m. miqelaZe, wovaTuSuri enis saxelTa mor-
fologiis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2011.
7. miqelaZe 2013 – m. miqelaZe, wovaTuSuri zmnis morfolo-
giis sakiTxebi, Tb., 2013.
8. miqelaZe 2013 – m. miqelaZe, Tanamedrove wovaTuSuri enis
martivi winadadebis sintaqsi, Tb., 2015
9. quTaTelaZe 1988 – ar. quTaTelaZe, pirveldawyebiTi qar-
Tuli gramatika, Tb., 1888.
10. Ciqobava 1998 – arn. Ciqobava, ra Tavisebureba axasiaTebs
qarTuli zmnis agebulebas, Tb., 1998.
11. WikaZe 1995 – r. WikaZe, winadadebis parataqsuli kon-
struqcia qarTulSi, Tb., 1995.
12. WumburiZe 1986 – z. WumburiZe, myofadi qarTvelur eneb-
Si, Tb., 1986.
200
13. deSerievi 1953 – Ю. Д. Дешериев, Бацбийскиц язык, М.,
1953. 14. iakovlevi 1940 – Н. Ф. Яковлев, Синтаксис чеченского
литературного языка, М., 1940. 15. meie 1938 – А. Мейе, Введение в сравнительное изучение
индоевропейских языков, М., 1938. 16. miqelaZe 2018 – M. Mikeladze, Basic Cases in the Tsova-Tush
Language, Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, vol. 12, no.3, 2018, pp. 117-121.
17. peSkovski 1956 – А. М. Пешковский, Русский синтаксис в
научном освещении, М., 1956.
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi
1. miqelaZe 2011 – m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili, m.
ciskariSvili, wovaTuSuri teqstebi, nawili I, Tb., 2011.
2. miqelaZe 2014 – m. miqelaZe, a. berTlani, q. gigaSvili, wo-
vaTuSuri teqstebi, nawili II, Tb., 2014.
201
sarCevi
Sesavali................................................................................................................. 3
Tavi I. Serwymuli winadadebis sintaqsi..........................................6
§1. Serwymuli winadadebis raoba........................................................ 6
§2. Serwymuli winadadebis tipebi .................................................... 9
§3. erTgvar wevrTa SeerTebis saSualebani .............................. 12
§4. kavSiriani Serwymuli winadadeba .............................................. 14
§5. erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadeba ................. 25
§6. erTgvarSemasmenliani Serwymuli winadadeba ................. 35
§7. erTgvarpirdapirdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba ...... 41
§8. erTgvariribdamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba ............ 45
§9. erTgvarubralodamatebiani Serwymuli winadadeba......... 49
§10. erTgvargansazRrebiani Serwymuli winadadeba............. 51
§11. erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadeba .................. 55
§12. gansxvavebuli tipis Serwymuli winadadeba .................... 68
Tavi II. rTuli Tanwyobili winadadebis sintaqsi......................70
§13. rTuli winadadebis raoba da saxeebi ...................................... 70
§14. majgufebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba ............................................................................................. 72
§15. macalkevebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba ........................................................................................... 74
§16. mapirispirebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba ............................................................................................ 77
202
§17. maigivebelkavSiriani rTuli Tanwyobili
winadadeba............................................................................................... 81
§18. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba........................... 82
Tavi III. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis sintaqsi......................91
§19. rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis genezisisa da
struqturis sakiTxebi ................................................................ 91
§20. qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba ......................... 99
§21. damatebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba.................................. 104
§22. gansazRvrebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ...................... 122
§23. garemoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ............................. 126
§24. Semasmenluri damokidebuli winadadeba........................... 150
§25. pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ...................................... 152
§26. ukavSiro rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba.......................... 154
Tavi IV. rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi ..................................167
§27. Ramdenime erTgvari da araerTgvari damokidebuli
winadadeba mTavarTan...................................................................... 167
§28. Tanamimdevruli daqvemdebareba ............................................... 172
§29. Sereuli saxis rTuli winadadeba............................................ 174
Tavi V. winadadebaTa qvewyobis arqauli sintaqsuri
konstruqciebi...................................................................................179
§30. sakiTxis zogadi mimoxilva ......................................................... 179
§31. droisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadaeba ................. 182
203
§32. mizezisgaremoebiTi damokidebuli winadadeba .......... 190
§33. pirobiTi damokidebuli winadadeba ...................................... 192
literatura....................................................................................................... 199
sarCevi .................................................................................................................... 201
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