Cell Test 2.1-2.3 IB SL Biology Version A

1. A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 μm. What does the organism's size tell you about how it might be classified?A. It must be a single–celled protist.B. It must be a single–celled fungus.C. It could be a bacterium.D. It could be a typical virus.

2. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell exceptA. DNA.B. a cell wall.C. ribosomes.D. an endoplasmic reticulum.

3. The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is thatA. light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy.B. light microscopy allows one to view all organelles within a cell.C. light microscopy allows one to view processes in living cells.D. light microscopy can be used to view 3D images.

4. Which ratio limits the size of cells?A. The rate of metabolism to massB. The surface area to volumeC. The mass to volumeD. The surface area to mass

5. Which of the following is true about binary fission?A. It is a form of sexual reproduction.B. It is a form of asexual reproduction.C. It only occurs in eukaryotic cells.D. It occurs in all cells.

6. Which pair of features is correct for both plant and prokaryotic cells?

Plant cell Prokaryotic cell

A. Able to change shape Fixed shape

B. Contains DNA associated with protein Contains naked DNA

C. DNA enclosed by membrane DNA associated with protein

D. Chloroplasts may be present Chloroplasts may be present

7. What describes the functions of the following organelles?

Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A. Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion ATP production

B. ATP production Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion

C. Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion Processing of proteins

D. Processing of proteins Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion

8. Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?A. lipidsB. glycogenC. proteinsD. nucleic acids

9. A student observes and draws an Amoeba, using the high power lens of a microscope. The diameter of the drawing is 100 mm. The actual diameter of the Amoeba is 100 µm. What is the magnification of the drawing?A. 0.001B. 100C. 400D. 1000

10. Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?A. ribosomeB. lysosomeC. smooth endoplasmic reticulumD. Mitochondrion

11. Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins?A. rough ERB. lysosomesC. ribosomesD. Golgi vesicles

12. Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?A. chloroplastB. lysosomeC. central vacuoleD. mitochondria

13. The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?A. rough ERB. smooth ERC. Golgi apparatusD. nuclear envelope

14. Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?A. lysosomeB. vacuoleC. mitochondrionD. Golgi apparatus

15. Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?A. lysosomeB. vacuoleC. mitochondrionD. Golgi apparatus

16. Which organelle contains it’s own DNA and ribosomes?

A. Endoplasmic reticulumB. vacuoleC. mitochondrionD. Golgi apparatus

17. Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found inA. vacuoles.B. chloroplasts.C. mitochondria.D. nuclei.

18. Which of the following is NOT a function of life?A. metabolismB. homeostasisC. movementD. nutrition

19. Which of the following statements is correct?A. cells are composed of tissuesB. tissues are composed of organsC. organs are composed of organ systemsD. organs are composed of tissues

20. Which structure–function pair is mismatched?A) nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunitsB) lysosome; cellular respirationC) ribosome; protein synthesisD) Golgi; protein modification

21. In what way are eukaryotic chromosomes different from prokaryotic chromosomes?

Eukaryotic chromosomes Prokaryotic chromosomes

Protein is present Protein is absent

DNA is present DNA is absent

DNA is absent DNA is present

Nucleus is absent Nucleus is present

22. Which of the following statements is true?A. all body cells in a multicellular organism contain the same DNA.B. all body cells in a multicellular organism perform the same functions.C. body cells in a multicellular organism do not specializeD. cells in a multicellular organism specialize because they have different DNA.

Name_____________________________________________________________________________________ Hour_______________Cell Test 2.1-2.3 IB SL Biology 1. The electron micrographs below show mitochondria in longitudinal section. The mitochondrion in A is from a bat pancreas cell and that in B is from a mouse liver cell.

(a) Annotate the micrographs to show two similarities in the structure of the mitochondria. (2)both have two (outer) membranes;both have cristae;both have a matrix (with a grainy appearance) / ribosomes; 2 max

(b) The mitochondria differ in size. State two other differences that are visible in the mitochondria. (2)shape;arrangement of cristae;density of cristae;amount of matrix granules / any reference to dark dots;(do not accept ribosomes) 2 max

(c) Predict, with two reasons, which of the mitochondria would have been able to produce ATP energy at a greater rate. (2)

A / bat’s;larger size / volume;greater surface area of cristae / more cristae;

closeness of mitochondria in B mouse reduces rate; 3 max

2. (a) State the typical size of (i) a bacterium (1) __(approximately) 1 μm Accept any value between 0.5 μm and 1.0 μm. (ii) an average eukaryotic cell (1) __(approximately) 10 μm to 100 μm Accept any value within this range.

(b) Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio in limiting cell size. (2)rate of transport of materials across membrane;energy / heat is a function of surface area;rate of metabolism is a function of mass to volume ratio;as size increases the ratio between SA and volume decreases;causing problems in transport / rate of exchange; 2 max

3. Distinguish between the structure of plant and animal cells. (6)Award [1] per difference, plant cells : have cell walls, animal cells do not;have plastids / chloroplasts, animal cells do not;

have a large central vacuole, animal cells do not;store starch, animal cells store glycogen;have plasmodesomata, animal cells do not;

animal cells:have centrioles, plant cells do not;have cholesterol in the cell membrane, plant cells do not;plant cells generally have a fixed shape / more regular whereas animal cells are more rounded;

4. Outline the cell theory, discussing at least one area of research that supports the theory. (4)All living organisms are composed of cells. Cells are the smallest unit of life. They are the smallest structures capable of surviving on their own.Cells come from pre-exsisting cells and cannot be created from non-living material.

When scientists started to look at the structures of organisms under the microscope they discovered that all living organisms were made up of these small units which they proceeded to call cells.

When these cells were taken from tissues they were able to survive for some period of time. Nothing smaller than the cell was able to live independently and so it was concluded that the cell was the smallest unit of life.

For some time, scientists thought that cells must arise from non-living material but it was eventually proven that this was not the case, instead they had to arise from pre-existing cells as shown in Louis Pasteur’s experiment. Sterilized chicken broth that remained unexposed to microbes would not generate life, until exposure to microbes occurred.

5. Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of E.coli. (7)1 pt for each of the following: cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, pili, flagella, ribosomes (70S) and nucleoid.

6. (a) Label the structures indicated in the diagram below. (5)

(b) Deduce, with a reason, whether this is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. (1)eukaryotic; membrane bound nucleus and organelles,

(c) If the nucleus measures 5 mm in length, and the magnification is X 15,000, what is the actual length of the nucleus? Show your work. (1)

specimen size = image size/magnificationimage = 5 mm or 5,000 μm; 5,000/15,000 = .33 μm or 330 nm

Plasma membraneNuclear envelopeNucleusRough ERmitochondria

4. Outline one therapeutic use of stem cells. (6)Award [4 max] for any of the following general statements:

stem cells are cells that retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different paths into all types of cells / are pluripotent / totipotent;

stem cells are derived from blastocysts / human embryos, left over from IVF / placenta / umbilical cord / some adult tissues;

new techniques / technologies rely on replacing diseased / dysfunctional cells with healthy / functioning ones;

need to identify desired type of stem cell and grow in culture / special solutions / controlled conditions; develop biochemical solution that will cause cells to differentiate into desired cell type; develop means of implanting / integrating cells into patient’s own tissues so that they function with the

body’s natural cells; danger of rejection of cells therefore need to suppress immune system; must make sure new cells do not become overgrown / develop into cancerous tumours;

Award [2 max] for a specific example ie: [1] for type of cells and [1] for proposed use:eg retinal cells;replace dead cells in retina to cure presently incurable diseases such as glaucoma and macular degeneration;eg graft new skin cells;to treat serious burn victims;eg nerve tissue;help repair catastrophic spinal injuries / help victims of paralysis regain movement;6 max(Plus up to [2] for quality)