ib history - the second world war - after pearl harbor

8/8/2019 IB History - The Second World War - After Pearl Harbor

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Allon Posen

The Second World War: After Pearl Harbor

Operation Barbarossa

y German invaded Soviet Union June 22,1941 o Stalin panics, fails to act for dayso Various massacres of Soviet troops by Germanso Scorched earth policy implementedo Advance stalls at Stalingrad; lasts into winter

y Stalin furious, determined to destroy Nazis.y USSR moves major manufacturing east of the Ural Mountains

o Builds railways connecting factories to fronto Totalitarian rule allows economy to devote itself fully to the manufacture of

tanks, artillery and weaponry for the Red Army.

U.S. Isolation Policies

y 1934 Johnson Act y 1934-36 Nye Committee investigates war profiteering in the industrial sectory Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937

o No sale of arms to belligerents (countries that start troubles)o No U.S. citizen could travel on a belligerents shipso No loans to belligerentso President could prohibit any exports to belligerent nations and ban

belligerent warships from American ports

y Isolations vs. Interventionistsy Neutrality Act, 1939

o Permitted sale of arms on Cash and Carry Basiso President could bar U.S. ships from war zones

y U.S. began to increase military:o Two ocean navyo 1.2 million meno 35,000 aircrafto Selective Service and Training Act (The Draft)


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Allon Posen

The U.S. Aids Allies

y U.S. gave 50 destroyers to Britain in 1940 (Destroyer Deal) y Lend-Lease Act, 1941

o U.S. just gives Britain war supplies for no costy U.S. began attacking German Wolf pack submarines in the Atlantic

(Unrestricted Submarine Warfare)

The Atlantic Charter

y Took place August 9th 12th August, 1941 on a U.S. warship off the coast ofNewfoundland

y U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt & British Prime Minister Winston Churchillmet to discuss the future of the world after the war.

Determinations of the Atlantic Charter

y Renounced Territorial Aggrandizementy Opposed territorial changes in violation of self-determinationy All people should choose their governmenty All nations deserve equal access to trade and raw materialsy Cooperation among nations to improve peoples social and economic livesy People should be free of fear and wanty The seas should be free for ships of all nations.y Aggressors should be disarmed


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Allon Posen

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

y Surprise attack 7th December 1941o Japan began widespread attacks in Pacifico Co-Prosperity Sphere created

y U.S. declares war December 8th

y Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declare war on U.S. December 11th.y U.S. unprepared for war in 1942 y Wide-spread volunteerism, industrial production: The Arsenal ofDemocracy y By mid-1943, The U.S. had converted its peace-time economy into the largest

wartime arsenal in history

y Lend-Lease extended to USSRy U.S. technological developments in the Atlantic:

o Long-range air coverage (B24Liberator)o High Frequency Direction Finding (HF/ DF HuffDuff) radio system: from

1942 onward

o Destroyer convoysy U.S. lands in North Africa

o U.S. troops defeated in Morocco;General George Patton sent to redirect theoffensive.

o Erwin Rommel: The Desert Fox vs. Patton in desert tank battleo Patton victorious; Rommel returns to Germanyo British defend the Suez Canal & defeat Turks

Major Turning Points: European Theater

y Battle of Stalingrado September 1942 January 1943

y Two Nazi army groups ordered to capture eponymous city (city named after aperson) & Caucasus oil fields

y Vicious street fightingy Bitter cold, hunger for cut-offGerman troops ordered not to retreaty German Army led by General Paulus

o 1,011,500 meno 675 tankso 1,216 planes

y Russian Army led by Marshal Zhukovo 1,000,500 meno 894 tankso 1,115 planes


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Allon Posen

y Paulus promoted to Field Marshal, but forced to surrender, January 1943 o An entire Nazi Army group losto 90,000 POWso Hitler: The G-D of war has gone over to the other side.o Russian advance now unabated towards Berlin

y Invasion of Italy, 1943o Mussolinis Italian troops inef fective;German resistance neededo Invasion began though Sicilyo U.S. Generals Patton and Montgomery race to Romeo Benito Mussolini overthrown in 1943 but propped up by Hitler; capture and

hanged with his mistress by Italian partisans April 1945.

y Invasion ofNormandy, 6thJune 1944 o D-Dayo The Longest Dayo Allied Supreme Commander Dwight Eisenhower vs. Fortress Europe.

ib history - the second world war - after pearl harbor

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