IB Topic 5

DNA : What a 5th

grader knows

DNA replicatio

n

Central Dogma Part I

Central Dogma Part II

Proteins and

Enzymes

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DNA: WAFGK - $100

• DNA strands are said to run in an _______________ manner.

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DNA - WAFGK - $100

• ANTIPARALLEL!

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• What am I: I consist of DNA wrapped twice around 8 histone proteins and connected to another by an additional histone.

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• NUCLEOSOME!!

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• Name a type of organism in which nucleosomes are critical for supercoiling of chromosomes and regulation of transcription .

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• ANY EUKARYOTE!!!

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• This type of DNA is the least common among the human genome.

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• UNIQUE or SINGLE COPY GENES!!!!

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• State how DNA is organized in the DNA of a goat vs. that of Escherichia coli

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• Bacterial DNA: 1 single circular chromosome (not associated with any packaging proteins, nor does it possess introns or exons)

• Eukaryotic: multiple linear chromosomes (histones/nucleosomes) + introns and exonsHome View Question

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• DNA replication occurs in this location all prokaryotic cells

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• CYTOPLASM!!!!!

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• Identify 4 enzymes critical for prokaryotic DNA replication and state their function:

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Replication - $200

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• What is the significance of RNA primers to the replication process?

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• Production of an RNA primer that DNA polymerase recognizes as a place to start replication of a leading or lagging strand segment

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• The significance of adenosine nucleoside triphosphates; guanosine nucleoside triphosphates…etc

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•Powers the replication process in lieu of ATP

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• Challenge: Draw on the board a DNA basepair of your choosing. You must identify at least two different types of chemical bonds found in the base pair

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• A=T; G=C

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• Transcription produces ____________, in the _____________ direction by the enzyme ___________________

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•mRNA; 5->3; RNA polymerase

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• The _____________ strand has the same base sequence as mRNA with U instead of T

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• SENSE

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• The location on the DNA where the RNA polymerase initially binds

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THE PROMOTER REGION

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• Where does this process begin in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells respectively?

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•CYTOPLASM; NUCLEUS

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• Identify what features are found on a mature mRNA molecule (3 answers) in a eukaryote

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Exons, poly-A tail, Methyl guanine cap

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• These proteins attach amino acids to tRNA molecules

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• Identify at least 4 structural features of eukaryotic ribosomes

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• rRNA; protein, mRNA binding site, small subunit, large subunit, p-site, a- site, e-site

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• Technical name for two amino acids linked together & draw it on the board

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•DIPEPTIDE!!!!!!

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• Identify the start codon for translation and what it codes for…

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• AUG; Methionine

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• Identify two differences between free and bound ribosomes

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CDPT - $500Free – in the cytoplasm & make proteins for cell; Bound – attached to ER, make proteins for export

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• Identify the four levels of protein structure and give a brief definition for each

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P&E - $100• 1st – linear, at

production• 2nd – alpha/beta• 3rd – folded/glob• 4th – folded/glob; >

1ppHome View Question

P&E - $200Describe the induced-fit model of enzyme action

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• Identify a main difference between globular and fibrous proteins and give an example of each type of protein

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P&E - $300• Fib: insoluble in water,

helical or sheet structure (collagen, keratin• Glob: soluble in water;

tert or quart structure (albumin, Hb4)

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• Explain the difference between competitive and non-comp. inhibition; cite and example of each

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P&E - $400• Inhibition at or away

from the active site;• O2/CO2 –

RUBPcarboxylase• PB poisoning

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• Explain the control of metabolic pathways by end-product/(-) FBI, including the role of allosteric sites

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• State five functions of proteins and provide a named example of each

Defense – immunoglobulinsTransport – Hb4; Movement – actin/myosinStructure – (cytoskeleton); Structure – collagen, keratinCatalysts – enzymes (pick one)Communication - hormones

Study! & GL