ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke mu ... pre...gufasha abana gukura mu...

Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke mu Rwanda

Minisiteri y’Uburezi

Repubulika y’u Rwanda

Kigali, Ugushyingo 2018

©2018 Minisiteri y’Uburezi

Uburenganzira bw’umuhanzi.

Ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke mu Rwanda ni umutungo wa Minisiteri y’Uburezi. Ni ngombwa kugaragaza umwanditsi igihe cyose hakoreshejwe ibi bipimo.



Repubulika y’u Rwanda

Kigali, Ugushyingo 2018


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Ijambo ry’ibanzeLeta y’u Rwanda iha agaciro uburezi bw’inshuke nk’imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zishingirwaho mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’abenegihugu kugira ngo Igihugu kigere ku bukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Leta y’u Rwanda kandi yagaragaje ubushake mu gushyigikira imibereho myiza y’abana bato, bikagaragarira mu masezerano anyuranye yagiye ishyiraho umukono. Urugero ni nk’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku burenganzira bw’umwana, Inama mpuzamahanga ku burezi kuri bose. Leta y’u Rwanda kandi ikaba yishimira uruhare rufatika uyu musingi wubaka mu myaka ya mbere y’ubuzima bwa muntu buri imbere ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.

Politiki z’uburezi mu Rwanda zisaba ko buri mwana ahabwa uburezi bw’inshuke mu gihe k’imyaka itatu mbere yo gutangira amashuri abanza. Igenamigambi ry’urwego rw’uburezi ry’imyaka itanu (2013-2018) rigaragaza ko uburezi bw’inshuke buri mu bikorwa byihutirwa, rikanagaragaza ingamba zo kugira ngo bugere ku bagenerwabikorwa cyane cyane abana batuye mu cyaro. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Leta y’u Rwanda yemeje politiki yo guteza imbere abana b’inshuke n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, igaragaza ahagomba gushyirwa imbaraga mu gufasha abana gukura mu gihagararo, mu mitekerereze, mu bwenge, mu mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi, kugira ngo bagere ku bushobozi bwa ngombwa. Izo politiki zigendana n’ingamba Leta yihaye igendeye kuri gahunda y’imbaturabukungu ya II (EDPRS II), n’ikerekezo 2020 (Vision 2020), kimwe na gahunda ya Leta y’imyaka irindwi (NST 2017-2024).

Ministeri y’Uburezi ishingiye kuri politiki z’uburezi yashyizeho, imaze gutera intambwe mu burezi bw’inshuke. Hagati y’umwaka wa 2012 na 2017, ubwitabire mu mashuri y’inshuke ku bana bose hamwe bwiyongereye ku kigero kiri hagati ya 9.9% (MINEDUC, 2014) na 24.1% (MINEDUC, 2018), na ho ku bana bari mu kigero cyo kwiga mu mashuri y’inshuke ubwitabire buva kuri 6.1% bugera kuri 20.6%. Amashuri y’inshuke hagati y’iriya myaka yavuye ku 1,369 agera ku 3,186. Mu 2012, MINEDUC yashyizeho gahunda yo gutegura abarimu mbere y’uko batangira umwuga wo kwigisha mu mashuri y’inshuke kugira ngo abo barimu bagire ubunyamwuga. Muri 2015, MINEDUC yemeje bwa mbere integanyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umwana, ihugura abarezi b’amashuri y’inshuke, yemeza kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu kwigisha no gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abana bo mu mashuri y’inshuke. Mu rwego rwo kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umwana, Ikigo


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Ijambo ry’ibanzeLeta y’u Rwanda iha agaciro uburezi bw’inshuke nk’imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zishingirwaho mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’abenegihugu kugira ngo Igihugu kigere ku bukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Leta y’u Rwanda kandi yagaragaje ubushake mu gushyigikira imibereho myiza y’abana bato, bikagaragarira mu masezerano anyuranye yagiye ishyiraho umukono. Urugero ni nk’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku burenganzira bw’umwana, Inama mpuzamahanga ku burezi kuri bose. Leta y’u Rwanda kandi ikaba yishimira uruhare rufatika uyu musingi wubaka mu myaka ya mbere y’ubuzima bwa muntu buri imbere ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.

Politiki z’uburezi mu Rwanda zisaba ko buri mwana ahabwa uburezi bw’inshuke mu gihe k’imyaka itatu mbere yo gutangira amashuri abanza. Igenamigambi ry’urwego rw’uburezi ry’imyaka itanu (2013-2018) rigaragaza ko uburezi bw’inshuke buri mu bikorwa byihutirwa, rikanagaragaza ingamba zo kugira ngo bugere ku bagenerwabikorwa cyane cyane abana batuye mu cyaro. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Leta y’u Rwanda yemeje politiki yo guteza imbere abana b’inshuke n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, igaragaza ahagomba gushyirwa imbaraga mu gufasha abana gukura mu gihagararo, mu mitekerereze, mu bwenge, mu mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi, kugira ngo bagere ku bushobozi bwa ngombwa. Izo politiki zigendana n’ingamba Leta yihaye igendeye kuri gahunda y’imbaturabukungu ya II (EDPRS II), n’ikerekezo 2020 (Vision 2020), kimwe na gahunda ya Leta y’imyaka irindwi (NST 2017-2024).

Ministeri y’Uburezi ishingiye kuri politiki z’uburezi yashyizeho, imaze gutera intambwe mu burezi bw’inshuke. Hagati y’umwaka wa 2012 na 2017, ubwitabire mu mashuri y’inshuke ku bana bose hamwe bwiyongereye ku kigero kiri hagati ya 9.9% (MINEDUC, 2014) na 24.1% (MINEDUC, 2018), na ho ku bana bari mu kigero cyo kwiga mu mashuri y’inshuke ubwitabire buva kuri 6.1% bugera kuri 20.6%. Amashuri y’inshuke hagati y’iriya myaka yavuye ku 1,369 agera ku 3,186. Mu 2012, MINEDUC yashyizeho gahunda yo gutegura abarimu mbere y’uko batangira umwuga wo kwigisha mu mashuri y’inshuke kugira ngo abo barimu bagire ubunyamwuga. Muri 2015, MINEDUC yemeje bwa mbere integanyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umwana, ihugura abarezi b’amashuri y’inshuke, yemeza kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu kwigisha no gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abana bo mu mashuri y’inshuke. Mu rwego rwo kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umwana, Ikigo

Ijambo ry’ibanze

Leta y’u Rwanda iha agaciro uburezi bw’inshuke nk’imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zishingirwaho mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’abenegihugu kugira ngo igihugu kigere ku bukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Leta y’u Rwan-da kandi yagaragaje ubushake mu gushyigikira imibereho myiza y’abana bato, bikagaragarira mu mirongo ngenderwaho mu rwego bw’amategeko mpuzamahanga, ay’akarere u Rwanda ruherereyemo n’ay’igihugu muri rusange. Muri yo harimo nk’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku burenganzira bw’umwana yo mu 1948; amasezerano y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Burezi n’Umuco ku bijyanye n’uburezi budaheza yo mu 1994; inama mpuzamahanga ku burezi kuri bose yabereye i Da-kari mu 2000; amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bw’abantu bafite ubumuga yo mu 2008; intego z’iterambere rirambye igika cya kane (4); Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’uRwanda ryavuguruwe mu 2015; Ikerekezo 2020; Gahunda y’Imbaturabukungu ya II, Gahunda ya Leta y’imyaka irindwi (NST) kimwe n’igenamigambi ry’urwego rw’uburezi ry’imyaka itanu (2018-2024).

Politiki z’uburezi mu Rwanda zisaba ko buri mwana ahabwa uburezi bw’inshuke mu gihe k’imyaka itatu mbere yo gutangira amashuri abanza. Igenamigambi ry’urwego rw’uburezi ry’imyaka itanu (2018-2024) rigar-agaza ko uburezi bw’inshuke buri mu bikorwa byihutirwa, rikanagaragaza ingamba zo kugira ngo bugere ku bagenerwabikorwa cyane cyane abana batuye mu cyaro. Mu 2016, Leta y’u Rwanda yemeje politiki yo guteza im-bere uburezi bw’abana b’inshuke n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, igaragaza ahagomba gushyirwa imbaraga mu gufasha abana gukura mu gihagara-ro, mu mitekerereze, mu bwenge, mu mbamutima n’imibanire n’abandi, kugira ngo bagere ku bushobozi bwa ngombwa. Izo politiki zigendana n’ingamba Leta yihaye igendeye kuri gahunda y’imbaturabukungu ya II (EDPRS II), n’ikerekezo 2020 (Vision 2020), kimwe na gahunda ya Leta y’imyaka irindwi (NST 2017-2024).

Ministeri y’Uburezi imaze gutera intambwe igaragara mu burezi bw’in-shuke. Hagati y’umwaka wa 2010 na 2017, ubwitabire mu mashuri y’in-shuke ku bana bose hamwe bwiyongereye ku kigero kiri hagati ya 9.9%


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k’Igihugu Gishinzwe Uburezi (REB) n’abafatanyabikorwa bacyo bakoze inyoborabarezi, ibitabo byo gusoma, isaranganyamasomo, n’izindi mfashanyigisho zitandukanye mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburezi bw’inshuke.

imbogamizi zitandukanye harimo ubwitabire buke n’ireme ry’uburezi rikiri hasi. Amashuri y’inshuke akomeje kwitabirwa, ariko uburezi

ngenderwaho umwe. Kugira ngo uburezi bw’inshuke bugendere ku murongo umwe, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke bizafasha amashuri y’inshuke ya

hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 ntawuhejwe, bityo iyubahirizwa ry’ibyo bipimo ngenderwaho rikazafasha abanyeshuri kubona uburezi bukwiye.

Kuzuza ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’amashuri y’inshuke bizatuma

bukanguka hakiri kare, bityo bizategure imyigire yabo mugihe kiri imbere bahereye ku mashuri abanza ndetse no mu buzima busanzwe muri rusange. Ni yo mpamvu ishoramari mu burezi bw’inshuke ari umusingi w’iterambere ry’u Rwanda rw’ejo.

Hon. Dr. MUTIMURA Eugene Minisitiri w’Uburezi


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k’Igihugu Gishinzwe Uburezi (REB) n’abafatanyabikorwa bacyo bakoze inyoborabarezi, ibitabo byo gusoma, isaranganyamasomo, n’izindi mfashanyigisho zitandukanye mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburezi bw’inshuke.

imbogamizi zitandukanye harimo ubwitabire buke n’ireme ry’uburezi rikiri hasi. Amashuri y’inshuke akomeje kwitabirwa, ariko uburezi

ngenderwaho umwe. Kugira ngo uburezi bw’inshuke bugendere ku murongo umwe, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke bizafasha amashuri y’inshuke ya

hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 ntawuhejwe, bityo iyubahirizwa ry’ibyo bipimo ngenderwaho rikazafasha abanyeshuri kubona uburezi bukwiye.

Kuzuza ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’amashuri y’inshuke bizatuma

bukanguka hakiri kare, bityo bizategure imyigire yabo mugihe kiri imbere bahereye ku mashuri abanza ndetse no mu buzima busanzwe muri rusange. Ni yo mpamvu ishoramari mu burezi bw’inshuke ari umusingi w’iterambere ry’u Rwanda rw’ejo.

Hon. Dr. MUTIMURA Eugene Minisitiri w’Uburezi

(MINEDUC, 2014) na 24.1% (MINEDUC, 2017), na ho ku bana bari mu kigero cyo kwiga mu mashuri y’inshuke, ubwitabire buva kuri 6.1% bugera kuri 20.6%. Amashuri y’inshuke hagati y’iriya myaka yikubye inshuro ebyiri zirenga kuko yavuye ku 1,369 agera ku 3,186. Mu 2012, Misiteri y’Uburezi ya-tangije mu mashuri nderabarezi asanzwe ategura abarimu b’amashuri aban-za, ishami ritegura abarimu mbere y’uko batangira umwuga wo kwigisha mu mashuri y’inshuke kugira ngo bagire ubushobozi bukwiye. Mu 2015, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yemeje bwa mbere integanyanyigisho y’amashuri y’in-shuke ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umwana, ihugura abarezi b’amashuri y’inshuke, yemeza kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu kwigisha no gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abana bo mu mashuri y’inshuke. Mu rwe-go rwo kunoza ireme ry’uburezi bw’inshuke, Ikigo k’Igihugu Gishinzwe Uburezi (REB) n’abafatanyabikorwa bacyo bakoze inyoborabarezi, ibitabo byo gusoma, isaranganyamasomo, n’izindi mfashanyigisho zitandukanye ziherekeza integanyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke ishingiye ku bushobozi.

Nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa mu burezi bw’inshuke, amashuri y’inshuke aracyafite imbogamizi zitandukanye harimo ubwitabire buke n’ireme ry’uburezi rikiri hasi na servisi zihabwa abana zitagira umurongo umwe zigenderaho. Kugira ngo uburezi bw’inshuke bugendere ku muron-go umwe, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’iban-ze mu mashuri y’inshuke bizafasha amashuri y’inshuke ya Leta n’ayigenga gutanga uburezi bufite ireme ku bana bose bafite hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 ntawuhejwe. Kuzuza ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’amashuri y’inshuke bi-zatuma abana b’inshuke bahabwa uburezi bufite ireme bitume ubwonko bwabo bukanguka hakiri kare, bityo bikazategura imyigire yabo mugihe kiri imbere bahereye ku mashuri abanza ndetse no mu buzima busanzwe muri rusange. Ni yo mpamvu ishoramari mu burezi bw’inshuke rikomeje kuba umusingi w’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda.

Dr. MUTIMURA EugeneMinisitiri w’Uburezi


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GushimiraIyi nyandiko igaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke ni umusaruro wavuye mu bufatanye bw’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye mu burezi bw’abana b’inshuke. Itsinda rigizwe n’abantu batandukanye baturutse mu nzego za Leta n’imiryango mpuzamahanga bahuriye hamwe bafatanya gukora ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke.

Turashimira mbere na mbere Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bana (UNICEF) kubera inkunga yateye itegurwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke.

Turashimira abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye mu burezi bw’inshuke bagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke uhereye mu gutunganya inyandiko z’ikusanyamakuru kugera ku iyemezwa ry’ibi bipimo. Abo bafatanyabikorwa barimo Save the Children, World Vision, Plan International, TEACH Rwanda, Help a Child, CEAPS na Wellspring Foundation.

Turashimira kandi abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC)

uburezi bw’inshuke bagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke bigomwa umwanya mu gutanga ibitekerezo byifashishijwe. Mu gutegura ibi bipimo ngenderwaho, hasuwe amashuri y’ishuke 50 kugira ngo amakuru avuye muri ayo mashuri ashingirweho mu gukora ibi bipimo. Tukaba rero dushimira byimazeyo abarezi bo muri ayo mashuri kubera uruhare bagize kugira ngo iki gikorwa gishoboke.

Turashimira byimazeyo akazi kakozwe na Bwana HABUMUREMYI Jean Marie Vianney wigisha muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda Ishami ry’Uburezi, Agashami Gashinzwe Uburezi bw’Inshuke, wayoboye iki gikorwa. Ubumenyi n’ubunyamwuga bye bikaba byaratumye ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke bitegurwa neza.

Dr. MUNYAKAZI IsaacUmunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ay’isumbuye,Minisiteri y’Uburezi


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Abafashije muri iki gikorwa cyo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke

Abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Uburezi 1. Uwizeyeyezu Marie Therese: Inzobere mu burezi bw’amashuri

abanza n’ay’inshuke, MINEDUC 2. Habiryayo Athanase: Umugenzuzi ushinzwe amashuri y’inshuke,

MINEDUC3. Uwamungu Victorien: Umugenzuzi ushinzwe amashuri y’inshuke,

MINEDUC4. Nsengiyumva Jean Baptiste: Umugenzuzi ushinzwe amashuri

y’inshuke, MINEDUC 5. Ndayisaba Apollinaire: ECE Officer, REB6. Nyirandagijimana Anathalie: TTC Curriculum Officer, REB

Minisiteri y’Umuryango n’Iterambere ry’Abategarugori (MIGEPROF)/Porogaramu y’Igihugu Mbonezamikurire y’abana bato (NECDP)1. Iradukunda Diane: Child Protection Specialist, NECDP2. Kayitare Immaculee: School Readiness, NECDP3. Niyonzima Theoneste: ECD Specialist

Abafatanyabikorwa mu burezi bw’amashuri y’inshuke1. Dusengumuremyi Firmin: UNICEF2. Emily Gilkinson: Help A Child Rwanda3. Mahuku Rachel: Wellspring Foundation4. Mukantagwera Liliose: Save The Children Rwanda5. Umutesi Egidia: World Vision Rwanda 6. Janet Brown: TEACH RWANDA7. Minani Honoré: Africa ECD

Abarezi mu mashuri y’inshuke1. Nikuze Anastasie: CEAPS Nyarugenge2. Mukakinyana Pauline: Ecole L’horizon 3. Uwamurera Brigitte: Jabana Nursery School

Inzobere mu burezi bw’amashuri y’inshukeHabumuremyi Jean Marie Vianney: University of Rwanda, College of Education


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Ishakiro

Ijambo ry’Ibanze i

Gushimira iii

Abafashije muri iki gikorwa cyo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke iv

Impine zakoreshejwe viii

1. Intangiriro 1

2. Intego z’Ibipimo Ngenderwaho mu Mashuri y’Inshuke 2

3. Kubahiriza Ishyirwamubikorwa Ry’ibipimo Ngenderwaho 3

4. Uburyo bwo Gusoma no Gusobanukirwa n’ibi Bipimo Ngenderwaho 4

5. Ibipimo Ngenderwaho By’ibanze mu Mashuri Y’inshuke 5

5.1 Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku miterere y’aho ishuri riherereye, inyubako n’ ibikoresho byifashishwa 5

5.1.1 Uko inyubako ziteye 55.1.1.1 Aho ishuri riherereye 55.1.1.2 Imiterere y’aho ishuri riherereye 65.1.1.3 Imiterere y’inyubako 85.1.1.4 Ibikinisho 135.1.1.5 Ibikoresho byo mu mashuri 14

5.1.2 Serivisi zigenerwa abana bafite ibibazo byihariye 16

5.2. Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abana ku ishuri 17

5.2.1. Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ubuzima 175.2.2 Isuku n’isukura 195.2.3. Imirire iboneye 205.2.4 Ibikorwa bigamije iterambere mu gihagararo n’imiyego 21


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5.3. Umutekano w’abana ku ishuri 22

5.3.1 Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga umutekano w’abana 225.3.2 Umutekano mu mibanire n’abandi n’imbamutima 25

5.4. Imikoranire y’ishuri ry’inshuke n’abafatanyabikorwa 26

5.5. Imyigire n’imyigishirize mu ishuri ry’inshuke 27

5.5.1 Imfashanyigisho z’umunyeshuri 275.5.2 Imfashanyigisho z’umwarimu 305.5.3 Imitegurire y’ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize 325.5.4 Uburyo bukoreshwa mu myigire n’imyigishirize 345.5.5 Gukora gahunda y’ingendoshuri 355.5.6 Isuzumabushobozi 36

5.5.6.1 Uburyo bwifashishwa n’ibigenderwaho mu isuzumabushobozi 36

5.5.6.2 Ibikubiye mu isuzumabushobozi 375.5.6.3 Gusesengura no gusangira ibyavuye

mu isuzuma ry’abana 375.6. Ibipimo bijyanye n’imiyoborere y’amashuri

y’inshuke 39

5.6.1 Kwakira no kwandika abana mu mashuri y’inshuke 395.6.2 Ishyirwa mu kazi ry’abarimu bo mu mashuri y’inshuke 395.6.3 Impamyabushobozi z’abarimu 415.6.4 Ibikenewe mu korohereza umwarimu akazi 425.6.5 Amahugurwa ahoraho (CPD) 435.6.6 Imiyoborere y’amashuri y’inshuke 44

5.7. Gushyiraho, kwemeza no gufunga amashuri y’inshuke 44

5.8. Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku nshingano z’abafatanyabikorwa mu mashuri y’inshuke. 45


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6. Imigereka 47

Umugereka wa1: Amabwiriza agenga kwandikisha ishuri 47

Umugereka wa 2. Iby’ingenzi bigomba kugaragara mu mbanzirizamushinga 47

Umugereka wa 3. Ifishi yuzuzwa n’usaba kwandikisha ishuri ry’inshuke 48

Umugereka wa 4. Ibidanago by’ibanze mu miyoborere y’ishuri ry’inshuke 49

Umugereka wa 5. Ifishi igaragaza imitegurire y’urugendo-shuri 50

Umugereka wa 6. Amabwiriza ku micungire y’icyumba k’ishuri abana bigiramo batekanye 51

Umugereka wa 7. Imfashanyigisho zigomba gukoreshwa mu masomo ashingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko ikomatanije 52

Umugereka wa 8. Ifishi igaragaza iterambere ry’umwana mu ishuri ry’inshuke 56

Umugereka wa 9. Ibishobora gutuma ishuri ry’inshuke rifungwa 59

Umugereka wa 10. Ibikoresho by’ibanze bigomba kuboneka mu gasanduku k’ubutabazi bw’ibanze. 60


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Impine zakoreshejwe

CBC: Competence Based Curriculum

CEAPS: Centre Expérimental d’Activités Pré-Scolaires

CRC: Convention on the Rights of the Child

CSEN: Children with Special Educational Needs

ECD: Early Childhood Development

ECE: Early Childhood Education

EDPRS: Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategies

EFA: Education for All

ESSP: Education Sector Strategic Plan

GoR: Government of Rwanda

MIGEPROF: Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion

MINEDUC: Ministry of Education

NECDP: National Early Childhood Development Programme

REB: Rwanda Education Board

SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals

SEN: Special Educational Needs

SNE: Special Needs Education

TDM: Teacher Development Management

TTC: Teacher Training College

UNICEF: United Nations Children’s Fund


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1. Intangiriro

Akamaro k’uburezi bw’amashuri y’inshuke mu Rwanda kagaragarira mu buryo umubare w’abanyeshuri wiyongereye ukagera kuri 24.2% muri 2017. Iki ni ikimenyetso cy’uko abantu benshi bamaze kumenya agaciro kabwo. Ibi kandi bigaragarira mu myumvire ya benshi ku gaciro k’ubu burezi, kandi abashoramari benshi bakaba barabwitabiriye. Amashuri y’inshuke yarafunguwe ariko imikorere yayo ikeneye kunononsorwa no gukurikiranirwa hafi kugira ngo ireme ry’uburezi muri ayo mashuri ritabangamirwa. Abashoramari mu kiciro cy’amashuri y’inshuke ntibasobanukiwe neza ku bijyanye n’abashinzwe gutanga uburenganzira bwo gutangiza amashuri y’inshuke. Mu gitabo k’ibarurishamibare cya Ministeri y’Uburezi, umwaka wa 2017, hagaragaramo ibyiciro bibiri by’amashuri y’inshuke: ikiciro cy’abana bari hagati ya 0 n’imyaka 3 kigenzurwa na Ministeri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango (MIGEPROF) n’icy’abari hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 kigenzurwa na Ministeri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC).

Ministeri y’Uburezi (2015) yateguye integanyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke igenewe ikiciro cya kabiri cy’abana bari hagati y’imyaka itatu n’itandatu, mu rwego rwo gufasha abarezi bo mu mashuri y’inshuke guha abana uburezi bufite ireme no kubategura gutangira amashuri abanza. Ishyirwamubikorwa ry’iyo nteganyanyigisho ryasabaga ko ibipimo ngenderwaho mu mashuri y’inshuke, abanza n’ayisumbuye Ministeri y’Uburezi yashyizeho mu mwaka wa 2009 byasubirwamo, kugira ngo bigaragaze ubushobozi mu byiciro binyuranye by’integanyanyigisho. Ministeri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango (MIGEPROF) na yo yateje imbere ireme ry’uburezi mu mashuri y’inshuke, ishyiraho, mu mwaka wa 2016, ibipimo ngenderwaho muri gahunda y’imbonezamikurire y’abana bato ku bana bari mu kigero k’imyaka kuva umwana agisamwa kugera ku myaka 6. Muri ibi bipimo ngenderwaho serivisi z’uburezi umwana agomba guhabwa mu ishuri ry’inshuke zahawe umwanya muto. Ibi bipimo ngenderwaho mu mashuri y’inshuke byashyizweho ku bana bafite imyaka guhera kuri 3 kugeza ku myaka 6 mu rwego rwo kunononsora serivisi z’uburezi umwana ahabwa, hagamijwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi mu mashuri y’inshuke.


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Integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi mu mashuri y’inshuke yateguwe, igaragaza ibiranga abana bafite amahirwe yo gutsinda mu mashuri abanza no kwitwara neza mu buzima busanzwe. Abana nk’aba baba bafite ubushobozi bwo kwiga no kuvumbura ibintu biri mu duce baherereyemo; baba barahawe ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu bijyanye no kubara; bakaba kandi bafite ubushobozi buhagije mu miyego y’ingingo nto n’inini; bashobora kuvuga badategwa mu bijyanye n’ubuhanzi, kugaragaza ubushobozi mu isesengura no kubonera ibibazo ibisubizo; bakaba bafite ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu Kinyarwanda no mu mivugire y’ururimi rw’Icyongereza; bafite kandi indangagaciro n’ubushobozi bwo gushishoza, kumva abandi no kumvwa na bo.

Ikusanyamakuru ryakozwe muri amwe mu mashuri y’inshuke ryagaragaje ko hakibura ihuzwa rya serivisi zitangwa mu mashuri y’inshuke mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’integanyanyigisho, bityo ireme ry’uburezi muri ayo mashuri rikahazaharira. Ni yo mpamvu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke byashyizweho kugira ngo hagenwe umurongo ngenderwaho mu mitangire ya za serivise mu mashuri y’inshuke ku bana bari mu kigero hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 mu gihugu hose.

Ibi bipimo ngenderwaho bizifashishwa n’abatanga serivisi mu mashuri y’inshuke bose, bikazajya bikoreshwa mu igenamigambi, ishyirwa mu bikorwa no mu rwego rw’isuzumabikorwa. Impamvu hitawe ku kiciro cy’abana bari hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6 mu gutegura ibi bipimo ni uko ubushakashatsi ku mikurire y’abana bwagaragaje ko ireme ry’imyigire abana babonye bakiri bato ari ingenzi mu gukemura imbogamizi zijyanye n’imyigire mu mashuri abanza, ayisumbuye n’ayandi (Anderson n’abandi, 2017).

Mu gihe k’ikusanyamakuru ku mashuri y’inshuke atandukanye, byagaragaye ko abana bo mu mashuri y’inshuke badahabwa serivisi ku buryo bumwe, ibi bikaba bigira ingaruka mu kubategurira kwiga amashuri abanza. Ibi bipimo ngenderwaho bikuraho ubusumbane n’ivangura mu mitangire ya za serivisi mu burezi bw’amashuri y’inshuke, kubera ko ibibazo bijyanye n’uburezi budaheza byavuzweho.


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2. Intego z’Ibipimo Ngenderwaho mu Mashuri y’Inshuke

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa mu mashuri yose y’inshuke ku bana bari hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6. Intego zigamijwe mu gutegura ibi bipimo n’amabwiriza bigenga amashuri y’inshuke zikubiye mu ngingo zikurikira:

• Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemeza ibigo by’amashuri y’inshuke no gutanga umuyoboro uzifashishwa mu kugaragaza amashuri y’ikitegererezo.

• Kugeza ku bafatanyabikorwa mu burezi bw’amashuri y’inshuke amabwiriza, hagamijwe gushyiraho amashuri y’inshuke yujuje ibipimo bisabwa.

• Kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi mu mashuri y’inshuke hashyirwaho ibikenewe by’ingenzi n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma intera ibigo by’amashuri y’inshuke bigezeho.

• Gufasha amashuri y’inshuke kwikorera isuzuma no kuyashishikariza kugera ku ntego yiyemeje, no kuzamuka ava mu kiciro kimwe ajya mu kindi.

3. Kubahiriza Ishyirwamubikorwa Ry’ibipimo Ngenderwaho

Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) ifite mu nshingano amashuri y’inshuke ku bana bari hagati y’imyaka 3 na 6. Uburenganzira bwo gutangiza amashuri y’inshuke y’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itatu butangwa na Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango (MIGEPROF).

Abakozi b’urwego rushinzwe gutanga uburenganzira bwo gutangiza amashuri y’inshuke, muri Ministeri y’Uburezi, bakira buri wese wifuza gutangiza ishuri ry’inshuke bakamugira inama ku bipimo ngenderwaho ishuri rigomba kuzuza. Minisiteri y’Uburezi ifite ubugenzuzi buhoraho bwita ku bintu byose birebana n’itangwa rya za serivisi mu mashuri y’inshuke, no kugenzura ko ibipimo ngenderwaho n’amabwiriza byubahirizwa. Intego y’ingenzi y’ubwo bugenzuzi ni ugukurikiranira hafi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho.

Iyo igenzura rigaragaje ko serivisi zitangwa zitujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho, abakozi babishinzwe baganira n’umukozi basuye ku bibazo byagaragaye n’ahagomba gushyirwa imbaraga. Ubufasha bwose bushoboka bukenewe kugira ngo ibisubizo biboneke buratangwa.


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Mu gihe ushinzwe gutanga serivisi mu burezi bw’amashuri y’inshuke adashoboye kuzuza inshingano zijyanye n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bitewe n’amikoro adahagije cyangwa akaba yifuza kuzigeraho mu nzira zitajyanye n’ibyo bipimo, asaba ko ibyo bipimo ngenderwaho byahindurwa. Ubusabe bukorwa mu nyandiko bukohererezwa umuyobozi ubishinzwe, bukaganirwaho hanyuma hagafatwa ikemezo. Ashobora kubyemererwa cyangwa akabyangirwa.

Ibi bipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze bikomatanya inkingi eshanu ishyirwamubikorwa rya politiki y’imbonezamikurire y’abana bato ryubakiyeho. Kugira ngo rero ibi bipimo bishyirwe mu bikorwa neza, Minisiteri y’Uburezi izakorana bya hafi na Minisiteri zose zifasha muri serivisi zitandukanye z’imbonezamikurire y’abana bato. Minisiteri y’Umuryango n’Iterambere ifite umwihariko mu kuko ari yo ifite mu nshingano zayo guhuza ibikorwa bya serivise zose zihabwa abana kugira ngo politiki y’imbonezamikurire ishyirwe mu bikorwa neza.

Amashuri y’inshuke yose yo mu Rwanda azakurikiza ibi bipimo ngenderwaho byashyizweho na Minisiteri y’Uburezi. Uhereye mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2019, Minisiteri y’Uburezi yifuza ko amashuri yose asanzwe akora yatangira gukurikiza ibi bipimo ngenderwaho ariko amashuri mashya akazabikora buhoro buhoro. Abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze ku rwego rw’umurenge n’urw’akarere bazafasha kandi bagire inama amashuri y’inshuke kugira ngo ishyirwamubikorwa rizabe ryagezweho mu gihe k’imyaka ibiri.

Ibi bipimo bigamijwe kugenderwaho mu gihe k’imyaka itanu bikabona kuvugururwa, ariko bishobora kuvugururwa nyuma y’imyaka itatu bibaye ngombwa.

4. Uburyo bwo gusoma no gusobanukirwa n’ibi bipimo ngenderwaho

Intego y’ibanze y’ibi bipimo ngenderwaho bigenewe amashuri y’inshuke mu gihugu ni uguhuza serivisi zitangwa mu mashuri y’inshuke no guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi hagamijwe gutegurira abana kwiga neza amashuri abanza. Ahanini, ibyo bipimo bireba serivisi zitangirwa ku ishuri ry’inshuke kandi ingeri zose z’imikurire y’umwana mu buryo bukomatanyije zitaweho hagamijwe gutegura neza umwana utangira amashuri abanza. Muri ibyo, twavuga aho umwana aherereye, inyubako, ibijyanye n’ubuzima, imirire, isuku, umutekano w’umwana,


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ibikenewe mu myigire n’imyigishirize, imikino y’imbere mu cyumba k’ishuri no hanze, isuzumabushobozi, imicungire y’amashuri y’inshuke, impamyabushobozi z’abarimu n’amahugurwa.

Ibipimo biri mu byiciro bitatu. Ikiciro cy’Umuringa kigizwe n’ibyangombwa byose by’ibanze amashuri y’inshuke agomba kuba afite, ku buryo bitabonetse ireme ry’uburezi ritagerwaho. Ikiciro cya Feza (Silver) ni intera yisumbuyeho ku kiciro cy’umuringa. Iki kiciro kigizwe na bimwe mu bintu by’inyongera ku by’ibanze, bikaba akarusho ku ireme ry’uburezi mu mashuri y’inshuke. Ikiciro cya zahabu (Gold) ni cyo gisumba ibindi mu rwego rw’imitangire ya za serivisi mu mashuri y’inshuke. Kuri bimwe mu bigize ibipimo ngenderwaho, igipimo kimwe gishobora kugaragara mu byiciro byose byavuzwe. Iyo ari uko bimeze, nticyongera kubarwa muri Feza no muri zahabu, ari yo mpamvu utuzu tumwe tugiye turimo ubusa. Aho igipimo kigaragara muri Feza gusa, bisobanuye ko amashuri ashyirwa mu kiciro cya zahabu acyujuje. Naho igipimo kigaragara muri zahabu gusa, bisobanuye ko kidakenewe muri Feza no mu Muringa.

Ibi byiciro by’amashuri y’inshuke byashyizweho kugira ngo amashuri ashobore gutanga ibya ngombwa by’ibanze mu mitangire ya za serivisi kandi akita ku bipimo ngenderwaho aho kuba ihame ridahinduka. Ishuri ry’inshuke ribarizwa mu kiciro cya zahabu rigomba kuzuza ibisabwa mu cy’Umuringa n’icya Feza. Amashuri ashobora kwifashisha ibi bipimo nk’uburyo bwo kwikorera isuzuma n’igenamigambi rigamije kuzamura ishuri. Hateganijwe imigereka izifashishwa nk’ishakiro ry’amakuru ahagije kandi yimbitse ku byiciro bimwe na bimwe by’amashuri.


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5. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke

5.1 Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku miterere y’aho ishuri riherereye, inyubako n’ ibikoresho byifashishwa

5.1.1 Uko inyubako ziteye5.1.1.1 Aho ishuri riherereye

Umuringa Feza Zahabu

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba gukorera ahantu hagerwa n’inzira nyabagendwa

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba gukorera ahantu hagerwa n’umuhanda.

Ni kimwe no muri Feza

Abana ntibagomba gukora urugendo rurenze ibirometero 2 bava iwabo bajya ku ishuri

Aho imiryango ituye mu ntera irenze kirometero 2, ishuri rigomba gushaka imodoka itwara abana, ababyeyi bakishyura amafaranga y’urugendo. Ababyeyi kandi bashobora gushyiraho ubundi buryo bwo kugeza abana babo ku ishuri.


Ishuri rigomba gukorera ahantu hatagera urusaku rwinshi (ahitaruye udukiriro, isarumara, inganda, amasoko)

Ni kimwe no mu Muringa


Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba gukorera ahantu hemewe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze

Nyir’ishuri ry’inshuke agomba kugira nibura amasezerano y’ubukode bw’aho ishuri rikorera atari hasi y’imyaka itanu

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cy’aho rikorera


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5.1.1.2 Imiterere y’aho ishuri riherereye


Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kuba ahantu hatari imyanda n’ibikoresho bikomeretsa



Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kuba ahantu hari umutekano, hatari ibikoresho byanduza cyangwa ibimera bihumanya.



Nta tuyira tugomba dukoreshwa n’abo hanze kunyura mu kigo



Ku marembo no mu kigo k’ishuri ry’inshuke hagomba gushyirwa ikimenyetso kerekana ko ntawemerewe kuhanywera itabi n’inzoga



Ikibuga cyo gukiniraho kigomba kuba cyumutse. Ibyobo byose bigomba kuba bipfundikiye neza.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ubusitani abana bitaho

Aho abana bakinira hagomba kuba ibimera, indabo,n’ibiti biteye amabengeza.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ikigega gifata amazi y’imvura

Kugira nibura ikigega gifata amazi ya WASAC na robine

Kugira ibigega bifata amazi y’imvura, ibifata amazi ya WASAC, n’ibifata amazi yakoreshejwe.


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Ishuri rifite ikigega gifata amazi y’imvura

Ishuri rifite ikigega gifata amazi ya WASAC na robine

Ishuri rifite ibigega bifata amazi y’imvura, aya WASAC, n’ibyobo bifata amazi yakoreshejwe

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kuba hafi y’ishuri ribanza kugira ngo abana barangije uburezi bw’inshuke bashobore kubona aho bakomereza amashuri abanza

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kuba riri kumwe n’ishuri ribanza


Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kuba rizitiye n’ibikoresho bisanzwe nk’imbaho cyangwa ibiti, kandi uruzitiro rukagira umuryango ufungwa.

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kuba rizitije ibikoresho biramba

Uruzitiro rw’ishuri rugomba kugaragaza umuryango wo kwinjiriramo n’uwo gusohokeramo

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira utuyira tugana mu nyubako

Inyubako n’utuyira tuzigeraho bigomba kuba byorohereza abana bose hitawe kubafite ubumuga bunyuranye.


—Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira amashanyarazi



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5.1.1.3 Imiterere y’inyubako

Ibyumba by’amashuri


Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira nibura ibyumba bitatu bikoreshwa n’ikiciro cyose: umwaka wa mbere, uwa kabiri n’uwa gatatu



Amashuri agomba kuba asukuye nta vumbi n’imyanda bigaragaramo

Hagomba kuba nibura ibikoresho 2 byo gushyiramo imyanda muri buri shuri


Amashuri agomba kuba ari ku rugero rw’abana: ajyanye n’imyaka yabo, areshya abana, atuma bagira uruhare mu myigire yabo, kandi agaragaza umuco nyarwanda



Ishuri rigomba kugira umwanya ungana na 1.5 m2 kuri buri mwana. Ishuri ntirigomba kurenza abana 30 ku mwarimu umwe.

Ishuri rigomba kugira umwanya ungana na metero kare ebyiri (2m2) kuri buri mwana. Ishuri ntirigomba kurenza abana 30 ku mwarimu umwe n’umwunganira.

Ishuri rigomba kugira umwanya ungana na 2 m2 kuri buri mwana. Ishuri ntirigoba kurenza abana 25 ku mwarimu umwe n’umwunganira.

Hasi mu ishuri hagomba kuba hashashemo isima



Inkuta zigomba kuba zubakishije ibikoresho biramba

Inkuta zigomba kuba ziteye amarangi


Igisenge kigomba kuba gisakakaje amategura cyangwa amabati.




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Buri cyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira umuryango umwe

Buri cyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira imiryango ibiri


Buri cyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira amadirishya abiri afite nibura ingero za 1m x 1m, kandi ishuri rikagira urumuri n’umwuka bihagije.

Buri cyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira amadirishya ane y’ibirahure afite nibura ingero zingana na 1m x 1m


—

Icyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira isomero

Icyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira isomero ryihariye ririmo ibitabo by’abana

—Icyumba k’ishuri kigomba kugira amashanyarazi


Igikoni


Aho bategurira amafunguro y’abana hagomba kugira nibura ingero za 2mx2m amafunguro agatekwa hakoresheje iziko rya rondereza n’inkwi.

Amafunnguro agomba gutekwa hakoreshejwe amakara

Amafunguro agomba gutegurwa hakoreshejwe gazi cyangwa amashanyarazi

Ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa mu kintu gipfundikirwa bikabikwa ahantu hasukuye. Amasahani n’ibikombe bya plastic ntibyemewe gukoreshwa mu mafunguro

Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu mafunguro bigomba kubikwa muri etageri ifite nibura 2mx2m.

Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu mafunguro bigomba kubikwa muri etageri n’utubati


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Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu mafunguro bigomba gushyirwa ahantu humutse nyuma yo kozwa



Igikoni kigomba kuba cyitaruye ubwiherero



Ubwiherero


Ubwiherero bugomba kuba bujyanye n’ikigero cy’abana, kandi ubw’abahungu n’ubw’abakobwa butandukanye

Hagomba kuba akumba k’ubwiherero ku bana 15. Hakaba nibura utwumba dutandatu (6) tw’ubwiherero turi ku rugero rw’abana kandi igice kigenewe abakobwa kigatandukana n’igice kigenewe abahungu.


Hagomba kubaho nibura akumba k’ubwiherero kagenewe abana bafite ubumuga.



Abarimu bagomba kugira ubwiherero bwabo butandukanye n’ubw’abanyeshuri.



Umwobo w’ubwiherero bw’abana nturenza santimetero 15 z’umurambararo.




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Ibindi byumba

—Ishuri rigomba kugira ibiro by’umuyobozi.

Ishuri rigomba kugira icyumba k’inama

—

Ishuri rigomba kugira icyumba kibikwamo imfashanyigisho.

Ishuri rigomba kugira aho abana bafatira amafunguro.

—

Ishuri rigomba kugira icyumba abana baruhukiramo. Icyo cyumba kigomba kuba giteguyemo umufariso.

Icyumba abana baruhukiramo kigomba kuba giteguyemo umufariso n’amashuka.

Ikibuga


Ikibuga abana bakiniraho kigomba kuba kisanzuye ku buryo buri mwana abona umwanya ungana nibura na metero kare imwe (m2 1)

Ikibuga abana bakiniraho kigomba kugira nibura ingano ya m2 45 kuri buri shuri ry’abana 30. Ni ukuvuga m21.5 kuri buri mwana

Hagomba kuboneka ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gukina imikino yo hanze: imyicundo…

Ikibuga abana bakiniraho kigomba kugira nibura ingano ya m2 60 kuri buri shuri ry’abana 30. Ni ukuvuga m22 kuri buri mwana

Aho ishuri ry’inshuke riri kumwe n’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, aho abana b’inshuke bakiniraho hagomba gutandukanwa n’aho abakuru bakinira.




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Ikibuga abana bakiniramo kigomba kuba gifite ubuso bukomeye cyangwa hateye umucaca.

Ikibuga abana bakiniraho kigomba kugira ibice bitandukanye: ahatwikiriwe n’isima, ahateye ubwatsi

Ikibuga abana bakiniraho kigomba kuba gikoze na sima kandi gisize amarangi atandukanye, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’umukino. Utuyira na two tugomba kuba dukoze na sima.

5.1.1.4 Ibikinisho


—

Hagomba kuba ibikoresho ntayegayezwa byo gukiniraho harimo nibura imyicundo itandukanye.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikinisho bitandukanye bijyanye n’urugero rw’abana.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikinisho byimukanwa birimo imigozi, imipira, amapine, inziga n’ibindi.


Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikinisho bitandukanye birimo utumodoka, udutafari dukase mu mbaho, uduti duto n’ibibaho

—

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikinisho, icyobo kirimo umucanga, udutiyo duto n’ibikoresho byo kuyoreramo umucanga.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibyobo birimo umucanga n’ibumba, rikagira n’udutiyo duto kandi buri mwana akagira itaburiya.


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—


Ishuri rigomba kugira ahantu hari amazi yifashishwa mu mikino imwe n’imwe, hakaba n’ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kuyacuranura, kimwe n’imiyoboro y’ayo mazi.

Ubuso bwose bushyirwaho ibikinisho, bugomba kuba buringaniye nta bintu byangiza bihari.



Ahantu abana bakinira imikino yo gusimbuka hagomba kuba horohereye cyangwa hateye umucaca

Ahantu abana bakinira imikino yo kurira no guserebeka hagomba kuba horohereye cyangwa hateye umucaca


5.1.1.5 Ibikoresho byo mu mashuri


Ishuri rigomba kugira ikibaho cyangwa ibindi byo kwandikaho ku buryo byorohera abana kugikoresha kikaba kiri muri cm 20 uvuye ku butaka.



Ishuri rigomba kugira intebe n’ameza bikomeye kandi biri ku kigero cy’abana.

Ishuri rigomba kugira intebe n’ameza bisize amabara atandukanye akurura abana.


_


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Ishuri rigomba kugira umukeka/ikirago ukoreshwa mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe nko gusoma, guca imigani n’ibindi byakenerwa.


Ishuri rigomba kugira ameza ari ku kigero cy’abana akoreshwa mu guteza imbere ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo, mu matsinda no mu bindi bikorwa bitandukanye.

Ishuri rigomba kugira intebe ya mwarimu n’ameza abikaho ibidanago bye cyangwa akagira ahandi abibika mu biro.

Ishuri rigomba kugira intebe ya mwarimu n’ameza afite ububiko abikamo ibidanago bye cyangwa akagira ahandi abibika mu biro.


Ishuri rigomba kugira umukeka, ikirago cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyifashishwa mu kubika imfashanyigisho.

Ishuri rigomba kugira nibura etajeri imwe ibikwamo imfashanyigisho

Ishuri rigomba kugira nibura etajeri ebyiri zibikwamo imfashanyigisho.

Buri shuri rigomba kugira aho buri mwana amanika imyenda y’imbeho.



Ishuri rigomba kugira umukeka usukuye uterekwaho amafunguro y’abana.

Ishuri rigomba kugira etajeri iterekwaho amafunguro y’abana.

Ishuri rigomba kugira akabati gafungwa kagenewe kubikwamo amafunguro y’abana.


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5.1.2 Serivisi zigenerwa abana bafite ibibazo byihariye


Abarimu bagomba guhabwa ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu kumenya no gukemura ibibazo by’abana bafite ibibazo byihariye kandi bakamenya kubitaho batabinubira, no kumenya abakeye koherezwa mu bigo bibitaho by’umwihariko.


Ishuri rigomba kugirana amasezerano n’itsinda rifasha abana bafite ibibazo byihariye, abarimu na bo bagahabwa ubumenyi bubafasha gukorana n’abo bana.

— —Ishuri rigomba kugira gahunda y’imyigire ya buri mwana

Ingengabihe y’ishuri, uburyo bukoreshwa mu kwigisha, uburyo bigamo, ibikoresho, ibikinisho n’imfashanyigisho bigomba korohereza abana bo mu byiciro bitandukanye buri wese ku bushobozi bwe



Hari ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikorwa na mwarimu mu rwego rwo gufasha abana bafite ibibazo byihariye


Ishuri rigomba kugira inyubako n’ibikoresho byorohereza abana bafite ibibazo byihariye: ikibaho abana bashyikira, inzira itariho amadaraza, n’ibikoresho byihariye bifashisha.

— —

Nta vangura rigomba kugaragara haba mu gushaka abakozi cyangwa kwakira abana mu kigo k’ishuri.


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5.2. Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abana ku ishuri

5.2.1. Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ubuzima


Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira nimero za terefoni z’umujyanama w’ubuzima mu gace ishuri riherereyemo. Igihe uwo mujyanama w’ubuzima asuye ishuri cyangwa hari serivisi ahatanze byandikwa mu gitabo cy’abashyitsi agasinya.

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugirana amasezerano na kimwe mu bigo bitanga service z’ubuzima kemewe na Leta kugira ngo kijye kibagezaho ubutabazi bwihuse igihe habonetse ikibazo gitunguranye.

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira ivuriro n’umuforomo wita ku bana umunsi ku munsi kandi ibyakozwe bikandikwa mu gitabo cyabugenewe.

Igihe hari imiti yazanwe ku ishuri, igomba kubikwa aho abana batagera. Umwarimu agomba guha umwana iyo miti akurikije amabwiriza ya muganga.



Ikigo k’ishuri kigomba kugira ibikoresho bisukuye bibikwamo amazi meza yo kunywa kandi buri mwana agakoresha igikombe ke.

Buri shuri rigomba kugira ibikoresho byihariye bisukuye bibikwamo amazi meza yo kunywa kandi buri mwana agakoresha igikombe ke.



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Iyo hari umwana ugize ikibazo gitunguranye, mwarimu w’ishuri ajyana uwo mwana ku kigo nderabuzima kegereye ishuri bagahita babimenyesha ababyeyi. Ashaka umusigariraho kugira ngo acunge abana.



Buri mwana agomba kugira ifishi y’ubuzima bwe ku ishuri igaragaza uko umwana ahagaze, imikurire ye, n’uko agezwaho imiti y’inzoka



Buri mwana agomba kugira ikarita yo kwivurizaho



Mu ngengabihe ya buri munsi, abana bagomba kugenerwa igihe k’imikino ngororamubiri.



Amabwiriza yo kwirinda indwara zandura aherekejwe n’amashusho agomba kumanikwa ahagaragara.




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5.2.2 Isuku n’isukura


Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira umukozi ushinzwe isuku.



Ikigo kigomba gukorerwa isuku hitabwa ku mashuri, ubwiherero, igikoni n’ibibuga.



Abana bagomba kuba bafite isuku kandi bambara impuzankano

Impuzankano ifite ikirango k’ishuri.


Ishuri rifite umwambaro umwe cyangwa ibiri yifashishwa mu gihe umwana ahuye n’ikibazo kihariye cy’uburwayi. Urugero yarwaye impiswi.



Ishuri rifite ibikoresho bibikwamo amazi meza rikagira n’isabune aho bikenewe ko abana bakaraba haba mu ishuri, mu bwiherero, mu gikoni n’ahandi hose bikenewe.




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Ibikoresho by’isuku bigomba kuba hafi y’ubwiherero: impapuro z’isuku, ibikoresho bibika amazi, amazi n’isabune byo gukaraba intoki bakisukura bagakaraba bakoresheje kandagira ukarabe.

Ishuri rigomba kugira nibura ahantu hatatu (3) abana bakarabira intoki bavuye mu bwiherero hagashyirwa amazi n’isabune, hamwe hakagenerwa abahungu, ahandi abakobwa, ahandi abarimu.


Ishuri rifite ahashyirwa imyanda itandukanye, ibyobo bifata amazi yakoreshejwe bigapfundikirwa kugira ngo bitangiza abana.



5.2.3. Imirire iboneye


Abana bagomba kugaburirwa ku ishuri byaba byiza bagahabwa igikoma


Iyo abana birirwa ku ishuri umunsi wose bagomba guhabwa ifunguro rya saa sita kandi bakagaburirwa indyo yuzuye.

Abarimu bagomba gukurikirana igihe abana bafatira amafunguro kandi bakababa hafi igihe bayafata.




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Niba ishuri ritekera abana, abatunganya amafunguro yabo bagomba kuba bafite isuku.

Abatunganya amafunguro y’abana bagomba kwambara amataburiya n’ingofero.


Abatunganya amafunguro y’abana n’abayabagaburira bagomba kuba bizewe kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza.

Abatunganya amafunguro y’abana n’abayabagaburira bagomba kugira ikemezo cy’ubuzima bwiza n’ik’imyitwarire myiza.


Kugenzura imikurire y’abana mu gihagararo no mu biro bikorwa ku buryo buhoraho hagamijwe kureba abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi hakiri kare.



5.2.4 Ibikorwa bigamije iterambere mu gihagararo n’imiyego


Gahunda y’ibikorwa ya buri munsi iteganya umwanya ugenewe ibikorwa by’imikino ngororamubiri.



Ingengabihe y’icyumweru n’isaranganyamasomo bigomba kugaragaza ibikorwa bibera hanze y’ishuri bigamije kuzamura imiyego y’ingingo nini binyuze mu mupira w’amaguru, gusimbuka, kwiruka, kurira, kubyina, guhamya intego, gutera/kujugunya.




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Ingengabihe y’icyumweru n’isaranganyamasomo bigomba kugaragaza ibikorwa bigamije kuzamura imiyego y’ingingo nto harimo kwandika, gutera amarangi, gutaka, gushushanya, gusiga amabara, gutungira, gukata, komeka, gukora imitako, kubumba, gucomekeranya, kubaka bakoresheje ibikoresho biboneka aho ishuri riri.



5.3. Umutekano w’abana ku ishuri5.3.1 Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga umutekano w’abana


Ibyuma n’ibikoresho bikomeretsa bigomba kubikwa aho abana batagera.

Ni kimwe no mu Muringa Ni kimwe no mu Muringa

Ishuri rigomba kugira umucanga n’amazi bikoreshwa igihe habaye inkongi y’umuriro.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikoresho byo kurinda inkongi y’umuriro mu rwego rwo kurinda abana, kandi abarimu bagahabwa amahugurwa yo gukoresha ibyo bikoresho.


—Ishuri rigomba kugira umurindankuba


Ishuri rigomba kugira amabwiriza agendanye no kwirinda impanuka n’uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibyihutirwa kandi ayo mabwiriza akamanikwa ahagaragara. Hagomba kandi kugaragara nimero ya terefoni ikoreshwa mu gusaba ubutabazi mu gihe bukenewe.



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Ishuri rigomba kugira amabwiriza agendanye n’imikumire y’ibyorezo.


Ishuri rigomba kugira amabwiriza n’ibikoresho bigendanye n’uburyo bwo guhangana n’impanuka zikunze kugaragara mu kigo.

Ishuri rigomba kugira agasanduku k’ibikoresho byifashishwa mu butabazi bw’ibanze bikabikwa n’umuntu mukuru aho abana batagera kandi bigahora bisuzumwa byaba ngombwa bigasimbuzwa.


Mu gihe abana bakina hanze y’ishuri bagomba kugira umuntu mukuru ubakurikirana. Abana 30 bakurikiranwa n’umntu mukuru umwe

Abana 30 bagomba gukurikiranwa n’abantu bakuru 2


Ishuri rigomba kugira amabwiriza akumira abantu badasanzwe muri cyo kigo, abadafite icyo bahakorera, abacuruzi b’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi byakwangiza abana. Ayo mabwiriza akamanikwa ahagaragara ku muryango w’ikigo.


Ishuri rigomba kugira ingamba zo kwirinda ibihano bibabaza umubiri no kwirinda guhohotera abana. Izo ngamba zigomba kumenyeshwa abakozi bose b’ikigo n’ababyeyi.



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—

Aho barahurira umuriro w’amashanyarazi hagomba kuba hapfutse mu rwego rwo kurinda abana impanuka z’umuriro w’amashanyarazi. Insinga z’amashanyarazi zigomba kuba zifunitse.


5.3.2 Umutekano mu mibanire n’abandi n’imbamutima


Abarimu bagomba kugira ubumenyi ku bikorwa bishimisha abana ku ishuri kandi bagafasha abana kugira umuhate wo kwiga. Ibyo babikora mu buryo bukurikira:

• Gusuhuzanya urugwiro abana mu mazina yabo

• Kureka amahitamo y’abana no guha agaciro ibyo bakoze

• Mu gihe umwarimu aganira n’abana agomba kwicara aharinganiye n’aho bicaye, ku buryo baganira barebana mu maso.

• Kutivuguruza imbere y’abana. • Gukina n’abana no kumva ibitekerezo

byabo• Kubaza ibibazo no gushishikariza

abana gutanga ibitekerezo, ariko adatandukiriye ngo akure abana mu gikorwa barimo.

• Kubwira abana ko ari ibisanzwe kubabara, kurakara, cyangwa kugira agahinda.




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• Kuganira n’abana mu ijwi rituje akoresheje amagambo asanzwe.

• Gufata umwanya akagera kuri buri mwana kandi buri munsi.

• Kuganira ku byo abana bagezeho n’ibyo bakunda mu buryo bwa gicuti kandi buziguye.

• Kwicaza abana mu buryo butababangamiye.

• Kwicaza abana mu matsinda kugira ngo bazamure ubufatanye hagati yabo



5.4. Imikoranire y’ishuri ry’inshuke n’abafatanyabikorwa


• Inama rusange y’ababyeyi iterana nibura rimwe mu gihembwe.

• Ababyeyi bagomba kugira uruhare mu burezi bw’abana babo baba hafi bakanabagira inama

• Iyo hari ingingo zikeneye kuganirwaho, ishuri ritumira ababyeyi bagakorana inama.

• Ababyeyi bemerewe gusura ishuri ku mpamvu zitandukanye.

Ababyeyi bagomba guhugurwa ku ngingo zijyanye n’uburezi, imirire, ubuzima, isuku n’isukura bigakorwa binyuze mu mahugurwa ategurwa n’ikigo



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• Ababyeyi ni abakorerabushake ku ishuri bagomba gusangiza abakozi cyangwa abanyeshuri ubunararibonye bwabo.

• Ishuri rigomba kugira komite y’ababyeyi ifasha mu micungire yaryo.

• Komite zihura igihe cyose bikenewe.

• Ababyeyi bagomba kugira uruhare mu kugaburira abana ku ishuri.

• Ababyeyi bagomba guhugurwa ku ngingo zijyanye n’uburezi, imirire, ubuzima, isuku n’isukura bigakorwa mu nama zitandukanye n’imiganda

• Ishuri rishyiraho uburyo bw’imikoranire hagati yaryo n’abafatanyabikorwa

Ababyeyi bagomba guhugurwa ku ngingo zijyanye n’uburezi, imirire, ubuzima, isuku n’isukura bigakorwa binyuze mu mahugurwa ategurwa n’ikigo


5.5 Imyigire n’imyigishirize mu ishuri ry’inshuke5.5.1 Imfashanyigisho z’umunyeshuri


Mu gutegura icyumba k’ishuri, hateganywa umwanya w’ameza akorerwaho ibikorwa bitandukanye aho abana bagira uruhare mu myigire yabo.

Mu gutegura icyumba k’ishuri, hateganywa umwanya abana bakiniramo ku mikeka, hasi, etajeri zishyirwamo imfashanyigisho.



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Imfashanyigisho n’ibikinisho bikoreshwa mu ishuri no hanze bigomba gufasha abana gukoresha ibyiyumviro byose: kureba, kumva, gukorakora, kwihumuriza no kumva ibiryohereye cyangwa ibibishye.



Imfashanyigisho n’ibikinisho bigomba kuba ari ibiboneka aho abana batuye



Ibyinshi mu bikinisho bigomba gufasha abana bafite ubushobozi butandukanye.



Ishuri rigomba kugira imfashanyigisho zihagije zigendanye n’ibyigwa byose: Imibare, Indimi (Ikinyarwanda n’Icyongereza), Ubugeni n’umuco, Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije, Iterambere mu mibanire n’imbamutima, Ibonezabuzima (Reba umugereka No. 7)




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Mu nguni z’ibikorwa hagomba kuba imfashanyigisho zitandukanye zakorewe/ziboneka aho abana batuye zibafasha gutekereza byimbitse.

Mu nguni z’ibikorwa hagomba kuba imfashanyigisho zitandukanye zakorewe/ziboneka aho abana batuye n’izaguzwe zigafasha abana gutekereza byimbitse.


—

Imyigishirize hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga igomba kwitabwaho.

Imyigishirize hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ndetse na murandasi igomba kwitabwaho.

Ishuri ry’inshuke rigomba kugira ibitabo bitandukanye by’inkuru zishushanyije by’u Rwanda zigaragaramo umuco nyarwanda kandi biri ku kigero cy’abana babikoresha.


Ishuri rigomba kugira ibitabo bitandukanye bigaragaza imico itandukanye abana bagahitamo ibyo basoma.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikoresho abana bakoresha mu kwandika harimo ibitabo, amakaramu y’ibiti, ingwa, amakaramu y’amabara.

Ishuri rigomba kugira impapuro za A4 zikorerwaho imyitozo n’abana, imikasi, ubujeni n’amarangi.

Ishuri rigomba kugira impapuro z’amabara anyuranye.


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Imfashanyigisho n’ibikinisho bikoreshwa mu ishuri ry’inshuke bigomba kuba biboneka aho abana batuye, byemewe mu muco nyarwanda, bigendanye n’ikigero cy’abana, biramba, bitangiza abana kandi bifite isuku, bikurura abana, bikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi, byubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire, kandi bikangura ubwenge bw’abana n’ibyumviro byabo kandi bitangiritse.

zimwe mu mfashanyigisho n’ibikinisho bikoreshwa zishobora kugurwa hanze y’igihugu mu gihe zitaboneka mu Rwanda kugira ngo abana bunguke ubumenyi buhagije.

Ishuri rigomba kugira imfashanyigisho n’ibikinisho bihagije ku buryo buri mwana akora ibikorwa wenyine.

Imfashanyigisho n’ibikinisho byinshi bitaboneka mu Rwanda byagurwa mu mahanga.

5.5.2 Imfashanyigisho z’umwarimu


Ishuri rigomba kugira integanyanyigisho y’amashuri y’inshuke ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umunyeshuri



Umwarimu agomba kugira ibidanago bikurikira: Integanyanyigisho, inyoborabarezi, nyamunsi, ikayi yo guhamagariramo abanyeshuri, imbata nkomatanyo, gahunda y’ibikorwa y’icyumweru, gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umunsi, amafishi y’isuzuma.

Ishuri rigomba kugira izindi mfashanyigisho zifasha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umunyeshuri.

Ishuri rigomba gutegura amahugurwa ku myigire n’imyigishirize y’abana b’inshuke agatangwa n’abantu babifitiye ubushobozi.


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Ishuri rigomba gutunga kandi rigakoresha inyoborabarezi y’amashuri y’inshuke, isaranganyamasomo, ibitabo byo kwigishirizamo, n’izindi mfashanyigisho zemewe.

Abarimu bagomba kubona imfashanyigisho zitandukanye zituma bongera ubunyamwuga.


Ishuri rigomba kugira kandi rigakoresha ibitabo byo kwigiramo n’ibyo gusoma kimwe n’izindi mfashanyigisho zemewe.



Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikinisho bikozwe mu bikoresho biboneka aho umwana atuye cyangwa se bidahenze.

Ishuri rigomba kugira ibikinisho bikoze mu bikoresho biteye imbere.


Ishuri rigomba kugira ibitabo bitandukanye by’inkuru zisomerwa abana byemejwe n’Ikigo k’Igihugu Gishinzwe Uburezi (REB).



Ishuri rigomba kugira imifuka bandikaho cyangwa bagashushayaho ibimanikwa mu ishuri.

Ishuri rigomba kugira impapuro zikomeye zabugenewe bandikaho cyangwa bagashushayaho ibimanikwa mu ishuri.



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—

Hagomba gukoreshwa ikoranabuhanga mu gutegura amasomo, imfashanyigisho, gutegura ibyigwa n’ibindi.

Hagomba gukoreshwa ikoranabuhanga na murandasi mu gutegura amasomo, imfashanyigisho, gutegura ibyigwa n’ibindi.

5.5.3 Imitegurire y’ibikorwa by’imyigire n’imyigishirize


Ishuri rigira umwarimu umwe

Ishuri rigira umwarimu umwe n’undi wunganira ibyumba bibiri

Ishuri rigira umwarimu umwe n’umwunganira kuri buri cyumba

Abarimu bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa integanyanyigisho y’igihugu ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umunyeshuri nk’uko biteganywa.



Ururimi rwigishwamo ni Ikinyarwanda.



Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe kuri buri mutwe mu byigwa bikurikira bugerwaho hakoreshejwe imikino n’ibyo abana bazi:

• Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije• Imibare• Ibonezabuzima • Ubugeni n’umuco• Indimi • Iterambere mu mibanire

n’imbamutima




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Ingengabihe y’amasomo ntigomba kurenza amasaha 4. Ishuri rifite ibindi bikorwa ribimenyesha ubuyobozi bw’Akarere.



Ingengabihe ishushanyije imanikwa aho abana bareba.



Ingengabihe igomba gukorwa ku buryo ibikorwa bisimburana hakurikijwe imitere yabyo kugira ngo abana batarambirwa: ibikorwa bakora bacecetse-ibikorwa bakora bavuga; ibikorwa bakorera mu ishuri imbere-ibikorwa bakorera hanze y’ishuri, ibikorwa abana bagiramo uruhare runini- ibikorwa abana bagiramo uruhare ruto; ibikorwa bikorerwa mu matsinda manini-ibikorwa bikorerwa mu matsinda mato; ibikorwa abanyeshuri biteguriye-ibikorwa byateguwe n’umwarimu bigatuma abanyeshuri bagira ubumenyi butandukanye bakura mu byigwa byose.



Igihe ibikorwa bimara kiratandukanye bitewe n’imiterere yabyo: Ibikorwa abanyeshuri bagiramo uruhare runini ni byo batindamo kuko bitabarambira; ariko imikino n’ibikorwa biyobowe n’umwarimu ntibigomba kurenza iminota 25.




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Imitegurire y’ishuri igomba kuba ikurura abana mu mikino hakaba kandi ibikoresho bitadukanye harimo ibikorerwa aho abana batuye kugira ngo bikangure imitekerereze y’abana n’ubushakashatsi.



Ishuri rigomba kugira imfashanyigisho zikoreshwa n’abana bose (Reba umugereka wa 7)

Ibikinisho bimanikwa muri etajeri aho abana bashyikira


Ibyakozwe n’abana byose harimo ibishushanyo, inyandiko, n’ibindi bitandukanye bimanikwa ku nkuta aho abana bareba.



Mu gihe k’imikino, abana bagomba kuba bari kumwe n’umuntu mukuru ubakurikirana akanabafasha mu mikoreshereze y’ibikinisho.



5.5.4 Uburyo bukoreshwa mu myigire n’imyigishirize


Abarezi bigisha hakurikijwe uburyo bushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko, ku iterambere rusange kandi bushingiye ku biriho: gahunda y’ibikorwa y’umunsi n’iya buri cyumweru zishingira ku nsanganyamatsiko z’ibyigwa kandi zigakomatanya ibiteganijwe mu nteganyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi.




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Abarezi bakoresha uburyo bw’udukino: abana batozwa kwiga hakoreshejwe imikino yerekeranye n’insanganyamatsiko haba imbere mu ishuri cyangwa hanze yaryo, kandi umwana agakina yisanzuye, hitabwaho kandi ibikorwa biteza imbere imiyego mito n’iminini; bityo hafi umunsi wose ugaharirwa inyigisho mu mikino.



Abarezi bakoresha uburyo bushingiye ku byumviro: ibikorwa biganisha ku byumviro: kureba (kubona), kumva, gukorakora, guhumurirwa, kurigata (kumva uburyohe).



Abarezi babarira cyangwa basomera abana udukuru



Abarezi bifashisha indirimbo n’imivugo kugira ngo bagire ubumenyi bushingiye ku kigwa.



5.5.5 Gukora gahunda y’ingendoshuri


• Abana bava ku ishuri buri cyumweru bagiye kwiga ibijyanye n’amasomo biboneka aho batuye.

• Ababyey basinya ku rupapuro bemeza ingendo zisaba kwishyura amafaranga y’imodoka.

Abana bakora nibura urugendo rumwe mu mwaka hanze y’aho batuye kugira ngo bamenye igihugu cyabo kurushaho.

Ababyeyi


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• Umwe mu barezi cyangwa umubyeyi ayobora itsinda ry’abana 10 kandi aba afite urutonde rw’abo bana hamwe na nimero za telefoni z’ababyeyi.

• Imodoka zitwara abana zigomba kuba zizewe.

• Abashoferi bagomba kuba bafite ikemezo cy’ubudakemwa mu mico no mu myifatire (cyatanzwe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha)

• Umurezi uyoboye abana agendana agasanduku k’ubutabazi bw’ibanze.

Abana bakora nibura urugendo rumwe mu mwaka hanze y’aho batuye kugira ngo bamenye igihugu cyabo kurushaho.

5.5.6 Isuzumabushobozi5.5.6.1 Uburyo bwifashishwa n’ibigenderwaho mu isuzumabushobozi


• Nta gihe k’ibizamini cyateganyijwe, isuzumabumenyi rikorwa buhoro buhoro.

• Isuzumabumenyi rishingira ku iterambere rusange ry’umwana, kandi riba rifite ibisobanuro aho gushingira ku mibare.

• Abana bagereranywa hashingiye ku gipimo aho kuba umwana ku wundi(isuzuma rishingiye ku gipimo)




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• Dosiye y’umwana igomba kuba ifite ahandikwa ibijyanye n’imyitwarire ya buri mwana kuri buri gihembwe, zimwe mu mpapuro umwana yagiye akoreraho, inyandiko zitumira ababyeyi mu nama, raporo z’amasuzumabumenyi za buri kwezi/buri gihembwe/buri mwaka. Indangamanota ya buri mwana umurezi agomba kwifashisha hagati mu gihembwe ni ngombwa.

• Ibiganiro hagati y’umwana n’umurezi byandikwa mu idosiye y’umwana.

zimwe mu nyandiko n’ibishushanyo by’abana ku matariki atandukanye bibikwa mu madosiye yabo.

• Umurezi akora inyandiko ebyiri nibura zigaragaza ukuri ku byakozwe n’umwana buri gihembwe, zikinjizwa mu idosiye y’umwana.

• Amafoto y’ibyo abana bubatse n’indi mishinga bibikwa mu madosiye y’abana.

• Amadosiye abikwa muri mudasobwa.

5.5.6.2 Ibikubiye mu isuzumabushobozi


Isuzumabumenyi rigizwe n’ibintu bitandatu bijyanye n’imyigire kandi bishingiye ku ntego ziri mu nteganyanyigisho:

• Ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije• Imibare• Indimi: Ikinyarwanda, Icyongereza• Ubugeni n’Umuco• Ibonezabuzima• Iterambere mu mibanire n’abandi

n’imbamutimaIkitonderwa: Ku bindi, warebera raporo ku iterambere ry’umwana iri ku mugereka.




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5.5.6.3 Gusesengura no gusangira ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry’abana


• Abarezi basesengura imikorere y’abana hagati no mu mpera za buri gihembwe hanyuma bakagenda bahindura uburyo bwo kwigisha n’imfashanyigisho, bagamije guteza imbere kurushaho ubushobozi bw’umwana.

Abarezi bahura nibura rimwe mu cyumweru kugira ngo baganire ku myigishirize, ku mikorere y’abana, no ku zindi ngingo zijyanye n’umwuga w’uburezi.

Abarezi bahura buri munsi kugira ngo baganire banasesengure ibijyanye n’imyigishirize.

Uburyo bwo kugaragaza ubushobozi bw’umwana hakoreshejwe amabara, cyangwa ubundi butayagaragaza na gato, ni bwo bukoreshwa kugira ngo abarezi bamenyeshe ababyeyi imikorere y’abana. ICYATSI: Aho iri bara riboneka bivuga ko umwana ahafite ubushobozi bwifuzwa UBURURU: Aha, umwana arimo gutera imbere ariko ntaragera ku bushobozi bwifuzwa.UMUHONDO: Umwana ni bwo atangiye gutera intambwe ngo agere ku bushobozi bwifuzwa.UMUTUKU: Umwana akeneye ubufasha kugira ngo agere ku bushobozi bwifuzwa; ubushobozi bwe buba butaragaragara.

Imikorere y’abana ikorwaho raporo ku buryo bwimbitse.

Raporo ku myigire n’imyitwarire y’abana yandikwaho amakuru yose ashoboka ku mikorere myiza yagiye iranga umwana no ku mitsindire ye.

Amakuru ku mikorere y’umwana abikwa neza kugira ngo azifashishwe mu gihe k’isesengura n’ubushakashatsi.


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Raporo y’imyigire n’imyitwarire yanditse ihabwa umubyeyi buri gihembwe.

Abarezi n’ababyeyi baganira kuri raporo z’imyigire n’imyitwarire z’abana, umwumwe cyangwa bari hamwe, kugira ngo bafashwe kumva ibizikubiyemo.

Inama zihariye kuri buri muryango w’umwana zirakorwa.

5.6. Ibipimo bijyanye n’imiyoborere y’amashuri y’inshuke

5.6.1 Kwakira no kwandika abana mu mashuri y’inshuke


Abana bose bemerewe kwakirwa mu mwaka wa mbere w’inshuke igihe bujuje imyaka itatu cyangwa bazayuzuza mu gihembwe cya mbere.



Amakarita y’ikingira cyangwa ibyemezo by’amavuko ni zo mpapuro zishingirwaho mu kwandika abana mu mwaka wa mbere. Umwana ahabwa inomero imuranga akaba yayimukana ku ishuri agiyeho ryose.



Nta kizamini cyaba icyanditse cyaba icyo kuvuga gihabwa umwana kugira ngo yemererwe mu mwaka wa mbere w’inshuke.




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5.6.2 Ishyirwa mu kazi ry’abarimu bo mu mashuri y’inshuke


Uburyo bwo kubona abarimu bukorwa n’urwego rw’akarere (ku mashuri y’inshuke agengwa na Leta) cyangwa se na komite igenwa na ba nyiri ishuri ku mashuri yigenga.



Dore uburyo ishyirwa mu kazi ry’abarimu mu mashuri y’inshuke bukorwa:• Umwanya n’ibisabwa kuri uwo

mwanya bitangazwa ku buryo butaziguye.

• Kwakira no kujonjora abakandida



• Gukoresha ikizamini cyanditse kigaragaza ko umukandida afite ubumenyi n’ubushobozi buhagije mu burezi bw’abana b’inshuke (ECE)

• Ikizamini cyo kuvuga • Kugenzura amazina umukandida

yatanze y’abantu bamuzi • Gukora urutonde rw’abemerewe

n’abataremerewe akazi



• Gutegura no gusinya amasezerano y’akazi agaragaza umushahara, ibyo umukozi agenerwa n’ibindi bisabwa.

• Igeragezwa rimara umwaka umwe mbere yo guhabwa akazi ka burundu.




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• Gusinya amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’umwana

• Gukora indahiro imbere y’ubuyobozi bw’ishuri mbere yo gutangira akazi.

• Gusinya amasezerano ajyanye no kurinda ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana.



5.6.3 Impamyabushobozi z’abarimu


Abarimu bose bafite imyaka 18 y’amavuko kuzamura.



Impamyabushobozi isabwa: kuba nibura yararangije amashuri atandatu yisumbuye mu burezi bw’inshuke cyangwa afite iyo bihwanyije agaciro yaboneye mu ishuri nderabarezi ryemewe.


Impamyabushobozi isabwa: kuba nibura yararangije ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu burezi bw’inshuke cyangwa afite iyo bihwanyije agaciro yaboneye mu ishuri rikuru nderabarezi ryemewe.

Impamyabushobozi zatangiwe mu mahanga zigomba kuba zaremejwe n’urwego rubishinzwe.



Abaherewe impamyabushobozi mu bigo by’amashuri nderabarezi (TTC) mu yandi mashami bafite nibura uburambe bw’umwaka umwe nk’abasimbura.




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Ku bize imyaka itandatu y’amashuri yisumbuye mu yandi mashami n’akarusho mu masomo y’uburezi bw’inshuke (ECE), bafite impamyabushobozi yatanzwe n’urwego rwemewe.

Abarezi bahugurwa nibura rimwe mu mwaka


Abarimu bo mu mashuri y’inshuke barasabwa kugaragaza ubushobozi mu bijyanye n’iterambere ry’abana no mu burezi bw’inshuke.

Abarimu bahora iteka bashyira mu bikorwa ubumenyi bwavuye mu mahugurwa.

Abarimu bafite ubushobozi bwo gusobanurira ababyeyi n’abashyitsi ibikorerwa mu ishuri ku buryo bwumvikana.

Abarimu bagomba kuba bafite ibyemezo by’ubudakemwa mu mico n’imyifatire (byatanzwe n’urwego rw’Akagali).



Abarimu ntibagomba kunywa inzoga, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge ibyo ari byo byose cyangwa za telefoni bari kumwe n’abana.



5.6.4 Ibikenewe mu korohereza umwarimu akazi


Abarimu bo mu mashuri y’inshuke bagenerwa umushahara n’amashimwe kimwe n’abandi bari ku rwego rumwe mu mashuri abanza.



Abarimu bo mu mashuri y’inshuke bahawa imfashanyigisho zibafasha gukora neza imirimo bashinzwe.



—Gushyiraho umwarimu w’umusimbura



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—

Abakozi batari abarimu bashyirwaho kugira ngo borohereze umwarimu akazi. Abo ni: abashinzwe isuku, abatetsi, abazamu.


5.6.5 Amahugurwa ahoraho (CPD)


Amahugurwa ahoraho yagenewe abarimu atangwa buri mwaka n’ibigo by’inzobere ku barimu n’abasimbura mu byiciro by’amasomo nka:• Ishyirwa mu bikorwa

ry’integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi

• Gukoresha ibiboneka mu Rwanda nk’imfashanyigisho

Igenzura ry’ibikenewe rikorwa buri mwaka kugira ngo hagaragazwe ibyo buri mwarimu ategetswe gukora mu rwego rw’amahugurwa ahoraho. Gahunda y’ayo mahugurwa ikorwa hakurikijwe ibikenewe.

Abarimu bahabwa ubufasha buhoraho mu mashuri yabo hagamijwe kubongerera ubumenyi n’ubushobozi.

Andi mahugurwa yakwibanda ku: • Uburezi budaheza

(gushakisha no guhitamo abana barebwa n’ubwo burezi, kubagorora)

• Gutanga ubufasha bw’ibanze igihe habaye impanuka

• Umuco wo gukunda ishuri no kwimenya

• Gukemura amakimbirane • Igenamigambi mu bijyanye

n’imyigire.



Amahugurwa abera mu bigo akorwa rimwe mu cyumweru nibura.




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5.6.6 Imiyoborere y’amashuri y’inshuke


Ku rwego rw’igihugu, amashuri y’inshuke y’abana bo mu kigero kiri hagati y’imyaka itatu n’itandatu ayoborwa na Ministeri y’Uburezi.



Ku rwego rw’ishuri, ubuyobozi bw’amashuri y’inshuke bugirwa na: Inteko Rusange y’Ishuri (SGA), komite y’ababyeyi, abayobozi b’ishuri, abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, abafatanyabikorwa na ba Nyiri ishuri.



5.7. Gushyiraho, kwemeza no gufunga amashuri y’inshuke


Nyiri ishuri akurikiza amabwiriza yagenwe kugira ngo ashinge ishuri ry’inshuke.



Nyiri ishuri yandikira Ministeri y’Uburezi asaba kwemererwa gushinga ishuri, akomekaho raporo y’igenzura yakozwe n’umukozi wo ku karere. Imirimo itangira nyuma yo kubona ibaruwa yo kwemererwa gutangiza ishuri.



Ishuri ry’inshuke rifungwa iyo nyiri ishuri ananiwe kuzuza inshingano ze, bitewe n’umutekano muke utewe n’intambara, imyigaragambyo ikomeye y’abakozi, ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko aho hantu hashobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abana mu kaga, isuku nke, ibiza, imyigire n’imyigishirize bidahwitse ndetse n’ubuyobozi bubi (ku bindi wareba ku mugereka wa 9).




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5.8. Ibipimo ngenderwaho ku nshingano z’abafatanyabikorwa mu mashuri y’inshuke.


Minisiteri y’Uburezi:

• Kumenyekanisha ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke ku bantu bose mu nzego zitandukanye

• Gukwirakwiza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze mu mashuri y’inshuke ya leta, afashwa na leta n’ayigenga

• Kugenzura uko ibi bipimo bishyirwa mu bikorwa

• Guhugura abafatanyabikorwa bose bazakoresha ibi bipimo

• Kwemeza amashuri y’inshuke ya leta, afashwa na leta n’ayigenga

• Gutanga inama ku batanyabikorwa mu mashuri y’inshuke

• Gukora raporo ya buri mwaka ku miterere y’amashuri y’inshuke mu Rwanda.

• Gukorana bya hafi n’izindi minisiteri zifite aho zihurira n’uburezi bw’amashuri y’inshuke hagamijwe kunoza ishyirwamubikorwa ry’ibi bipimo

• Gushishikariza abaterankunga n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa gushyigikira ishyirwamubikorwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke mu Rwanda




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Akarere gasabwa ibi bikurikira:

• Kugenzura imicungire y’amashuri y’inshuke;

• Gukora igenzura ry’amashuri y’inshuke no gutanga inama ku batanga serivisi z’uburezi mu mashuri y’inshuke kugira ngo ibi bipimo byubahirizwe

• Guhagarika by’agateganyo ishuri ry’inshuke mu gihe hari ibyashyira ubuzima bw’abana mu kaga;

• Gushyira mu kazi abarimu n’abayobozi mu mashuri y’inshuke hagendewe ku bipimo by’ibanze byashyizweho;




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6. Imigereka

Umugereka wa1: Amabwiriza agenga kwandikisha ishuri

• Uwandika asaba gushinga ishuri yandikira Ministeri y’Uburezi abinyujije ku karere kugira ngo ishuri ryandikwe. Ibaruwa isaba igomba kuba iherekejwe na raporo y’igenzura yakozwe n’ubuyozi bwa’akarere nyuma yo kumusura, ndetse n’imbanzirizamushinga igaragaza aho amafaranga azaturuka kimwe n’ibikorwa biteganyijwe mu gihe k’imyaka itatu.

• Iyo ibisabwa byose byuzuye, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ufite uburezi bw’inshuke, amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye mu nshingano ze atanga ibaruwa yemerera ishuri gutangira imirimo.

• Iyo uwasabye gushinga ishuri atabyemerewe, amenyeshwa impamvu zabiteye mu nyandiko.

Umugereka wa 2. Iby’ingenzi bigomba kugaragara mu mbanzirizamushinga

• Isuzumwa ry’ibikenewe• Gusobanura impamvu iryo shuri rikenewe n’icyo rizamarira aho rigiye

gukorera• Uburyo umushinga uzashyirwa mu bikorwa • Ikerekezo ishuri rifite• Ibyo ishuri riteganya • Intego z’ishuri • Ibyo ishuri rizibandaho mu guteza imbere aho rikorera • Abagenerwabikorwa• Iteganyabikorwa ry’imyaka nibura itatu• Aho amafaranga yo gushyigikira umushinga azaturuka mu gihe

k’imyaka itatu


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Umugereka wa 3. Ifishi yuzuzwa n’usaba kwandikisha ishuri ry’inshuke

UMWIRONDORO W’USABA

Amazina: ……………………………………………………………

Akarere atuyemo: ……………………………………………………

Umurenge: ……………………………………………………………

Akagari: ………………………………………………………………

Umudugudu: …………………………………………………………

Inomero ya terefone: …………………………………………………

Umurongo wa interineti: ……………………………………………

IBIRANGA ISHURI

Izina ry’ishuri: ………………………………………………………

Ubwoko bw’ishuri: Irya Leta Iryigenga rifashwa na Leta Iryigenga

Aho ishuri riherereye:

Akarere: ………………………………………………………………

Umurenge: ……………………………………………………………Akagari: ………………………………………………………………Umudugudu: …………………………………………………………Inomero ya terefoni: …………………………………………………Urubuga rwa interineti (niba ruhari) umurongo wa interineti: …………………………………………………………….

Nyiri ishuri: …………………………………………………………

Ndemeza ko amakuru ntaze hejuru yuzuye kandi ari ukuri.

________________________

Umukono w’usaba


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Umugereka wa 4. Ibidanago by’ibanze mu miyoborere y’ishuri ry’inshuke

• Igitabo cyandikwamo abanyeshuri• Dosiye z’abana zigizwe n’amakuru ku mibereho yabo, uko bagiye

bavurwa, n’ibindi.• Igitabo cyo guhamagariramo abaje n’abataje• Ifayiro ibikwamo amadosiye y’abakozi b’ishuri• Igitabo cy’abashyitsi• Igitabo abarimu basinyamo• Igitabo/ifayiro y’amanota kuri buri munyeshuri• Igitabo k’ibaruramari• Igitabo cya raporo z’inama z’ababyeyi• Igitabo k’ibarura ry’umutungo w’ikigo• Igitabo cyandikwamo raporo z’inama z’abakozi• Ibidanago by’abarimu. • Iteganyabikorwa ry’imyaka itanu• Gahunda y’ibikorwa y’umwaka• Ingengo y’imari y’ishuri.


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Umugereka wa 5. Ifishi igaragaza imitegurire y’urugendo-shuri

Ifishi itegurirwaho urugendo-shuri

Itariki yo gusohoka Aho bazajya

Isaha bahagurukiye Isaha bagarukiye

Impamvu y’urugendo shuri

Uburyo buteganijwe bwo kugerayo Umuhanda banyuramo/ikerekezo

Izina ry’umwarimu uyoboye urugendo-shuri

Nimero ya terefoni

Umubare w’abana basohotse

Umubarew’abarimu/ababyeyi/abakoranabushake

Uko urugendo rwagenze: ibyabaye bitari byitezwe

Umubare w’abarimu/ababyeyi/abakorerabushake

Urutonde rw’ibikenewe mu rugendo-shuri

Agasanduku k’ubutabazi bw’ibanze

Urutonde rw’abantu bakuru bitabiriye urugendo-shuri baherekeje abana

Umubare w’abana bitabiriye urugendo-shuri

Nimero za terefoni z’abaherekeje abana

Nimero ya terefoni y’ababyeyi kuri buri mwana

Telefoni igendanwa/ubundi buryo bw’itumanaho n’izindi serivisi zitabazwa mu bihe bikomeye.

Amakuru ku buzima bwa buri mwana Ibindi, bivuge mu magambo make.


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Umugereka wa 6. Amabwiriza ku micungire y’icyumba k’ishuri abana bigiramo batekanye

Aya mabwiriza afasha abarimu kugera ku myigishirize myiza no gutuma abana bagira ubwisanzure, aho abana bagaragaza ubwitonzi kandi bashobora kwikemurira amakimbirane • Gushyiraho gahunda ihoraho ya buri munsi, amategeko

asanzwe kandi meza, n’amabwiriza atuma abana bamenya uburyo bwo kwikoresha no gukora gahunda y’umunsi uko bikwiye.

• Gushaka amwe mu mabwiriza yoroheje agenga icyumba k’ishuri. Ingero: Tugomba kuba mu ishuri. Dukwiriye gukunda bagenzi bacu. Tugomba kuvuga buhoro.

• Gukoresha amashusho cyangwa udukuru no gusobanura amabwiriza, n’impamvu bagomba gufasha bagenzi babo gukunda ishuri.

• Gukora ku buryo abana bakuze bagira uruhare mu kwitegurira amabwiriza abagenga.

• Mbere yo guhindura igikorwa, menyesha abana igihe gisigaye ngo barangize. Ibi ni uburyo bwo kubaha abana.

• Tanga amabwiriza asobanutse rimwe cyangwa kabiri wibutsa abana ikigomba gukurikiraho. Subiramo bibaye ngombwa.

• Mu gihe havutse amakimbirane, baza abana bagusobanurire uko byagenze.

• Ibisobanuro byose batanze usabwa kubyumva. Bakurikirane kugira ngo umenye uburyo ikibazo cyakemuka utanga ibisubizo bishoboka.

• Reka umwana yirengere ingaruka z’ibyo akora, niba izo ngaruka ntacyo zitwaye. Urugero: niba asutse igikoma mu gikombe akacyuzuza kikameneka, umwana arahanagura hatagombye kwitabaza umwana mukuru.

• Abarimu ni intangarugero mu kugaragaza urukundo, ubugwaneza no gufatanya.

• Kugira ngo hatabaho umuvundo mu ishuri, gerageza gufasha abana kutabyigana. Urugero: Niba ku meza bandikiraho hari intebe eshanu, bwira abanyeshuri barenga kujya inyuma aho babona intebe iriho ubusa


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Umugereka wa 7. Imfashanyigisho zigomba gukoreshwa mu masomo ashingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko ikomatanije

Imibare: Ibikoresho nyabyo mu itandukanya ry’ibintu, ijonjora, gusumbanya ibintu, kugereranya, kuvumbura ko umwe ari nk’undi, no kubara, nk’udukoni udufuniko tw’amacupa, n’utubuye. Umukino utunguranye w’udukoresho twa pulasike n’utundi two guhuza utuntu n’utundi.Amakarita cyangwa udufuka twa mpande enye dufite imibare. Umuba w’ibikoresho binyuranye bikoze mu giti byo kubaka utuzu. Ibikoresho bivuguruye byo kubara nk’amacupa arimo ubusa n’ibindi.

Igiti cyangwa amapfundo agamije gushaka ibisubizo akoze mu makarita afite amashusho, amabara, imibare. Udukoni twa metero.

Umunzani; ibisa n’amasaha manini ; metero bushumi; amafaranga; imbabura, ibibindi, n’ibindi bikoresho byo mu gikoni abana bakwifashisha mu gutegura amafunguro.


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Indimi: Ibitabo: hagomba nibura ibitabo bibiri by’amashusho n’iby’inkuru by’umwarimu byanditswe mu Kinyarwanda kuri buri mwana mu ishuri. Amatang

ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ ibanze ku mashuri y’inshuke mu ... pre...gufasha abana gukura mu...

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