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ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics စျးကက၊ ထငြမငယဆချက မေရးဆငရာ ေတသန အချကအလက ခြခမးစတြဖာမဆငရာ ICC/ ESOMAR အဖ၏ အြပညြပညဆငရာ ကျငဝတစညးမျဉ

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Page 1: ICC/ESOMAR International Codemrayangon.com/.../ICC-ESOMAR-International-Code-Myr... · ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics ေစျးကွက်၊

ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics ေစျးကက၊ ထငြမငယဆချက င လမေရးဆငရာ သေတသနင အချကအလက

ခြခမးစတြဖာမဆငရာ

ICC/ ESOMAR အဖ၏ အြပညြပညဆငရာ ကျငဝတစညးမျဉး

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ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics

ေစျးကက၊ ထငြမငယဆချက င လမေရးဆငရာ သေတသန င အချကအလကခြခမးစတြဖာမ ဆငရာ

ICC/ESOMAR အဖ႔၏ အြပညြပညဆငရာ ကျင၀တစညးမျဉး ICC (the International Chamber of Commerce)1 သည ငငေပါငး (၁၃၀) ေကျာ တင အဖ၀ငေပါငး ၆.၅ သနးေကျာ င ချတဆကထားသည ကမဘာအကးဆး စးပားေရးအဖ အစညးြဖစပါသည။ ငငေပါငး (၁၃၀)ေကျာမ သေတသန (research) င အချကအလကခြခား စတြဖာ သည လပငနး(data analytics)များက ေဆာငရကေပးေနေသာ သမဟတ ေဆာငရက ေစေသာ လပငနးကမးကျငသ (ပေရာဖကရငနယ) အေယာက (၄၉၀၀)ေကျာ င ကမပဏေပါငး (၅၀၀)ေကျာတက ကယစားြပuကာ အချကအလကများ (data)၊ သေတသန (research) င သေတသနဆငရာ အသက အ၀နး(research community) အေကာငးများက ESOMAR2 သည တစကမဘာလး က ထတေဖာ ေြပာကားေပးသည။

1 အြပညြပညဆငရာ ကနသညအသငး 2 European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ထငြမငယဆချက င ေဈးကကသေတသနဆငရာ ဥေရာပအဖ)

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ESOMAR တငပါဝငသများ အားလးသည ICC/ ESOMAR အြပညြပည ဆငရာစညးမျဉး က လကနာရန သေဘာတည ထားသများ ြဖစသည။ Copyright © ICC/ESOMAR 2016. All rights reserved. This publication may only be translated with the prior written permissionof ICC and ESOMAR. The ICC/ESOMAR International Code was drafted in English and the English text is thedefinitive version. All ICC codes and guidelines are available at www.iccwbo.org All ESOMAR Codes and guidelines are available at www.esomar.org

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မာတကာ အမာစာ ၃

နဒါနး ၄

ရညရယချကင နယပယ ၅

ဖငဆရငးလငးတငြပချက ၆

အဓပပါယ ဖငဆချကများ ၇

အေြခခသေဘာတရားဥပေဒသများ ၉

စညးမျညးများ ၁၀

ေလလာေမးြမနးခရေသာသများေပၚတင ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ ၁၀

စညးမျညး ၁ - ဂစကေပးရမည တာဝန ၁၀

စညးမျညး ၂ - ကေလးသငယများ၊ ငယရယသများင အြခားထခက လယသများ ၁၀

စညးမျညး ၃ - ေဒတာအချကအလကများက အကနအသတင ေဖာြပြခငး ၁၁

စညးမျညး ၄ - ေဒတာအချကအလကများက ကယတငတကကေကာကခြခငး ၁၁

စညးမျညး - တစဆငခ ေဒတာအချကအလကများက အသးြပuြခငး ၁၂

စညးမျညး ၆ - ေဒတာအချကအလကများက ကာကယေပးမင လြခuမ ၁၂

အလပအပသများ (clients) ေပၚတင ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ ၁၄

စညးမျညး ၇ - ပငလငးြမငသာမ ၁၄

အများြပညသအေပၚတင ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ ၁၄

စညးမျညး ၈ - ေတရချကများက ထတြပနေကညာြခငး ၁၄

သေတသန ပညာရငများ ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ ၁၅

စညးမျညး ၉ - ပေရာဖယရငနယဆငရာ ဝတရား ၁၅

စညးမျညး ၁၀ - ဥပေဒေရးရာ ၀တရား ၁၆

စညးမျညး ၁၁ - စညးမျဉးများင ကကညေအာငေဆာငရကြခငး ၁၆

စညးမျညး ၁၂ - အေကာငအထည ေဖာေဆာငြခငး ၁၆

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အမာစာ ေဈးကကသေတသန (market) ၊ ထငြမငယဆချကသေတသန (opinion) င လမေရးဆင

ရာ သေတသန (social research) လပငနးသည သမငးေကာငးတစေလာက၌ ကနပစစညး

င ဝနေဆာငမ ေပးသများ၊ အစးရများ၊ တစသး ပဂဂလများ င လအဖအစညးစသညတမ

ဆးြဖတချက ချမတရာတင အေထာကအကြဖစေစမည အချကအလကများ ြဖစေသာလ

အများ၏ အြပuအမ၊ လအပချကများ၊ စတေန သေဘာထားများင ပတသကေသာ သတငး

အချက အလကများင ထးထငးသြမငမ (insights) ေတက ေပးစမးလျကရပါသည။ ထသ

လပေဆာငကရာတင သေတသများသညပါ၀ငေလလာ ေမးြမနးခရသတစဦး တစေယာက

ချငးစင တကကထေတ ဆကဆသလ၊ ေစာငကည ေလလာကာ အချကအလကများက

ေကာကယသည။ တစဖကမာလညး ထပါဝငသ တစဦးတစေယာကချငးစ၏ ကယေရး

အချကအလက လြခuေရးက အထး အေလးထားကာကယကရသည။ ဤကသ ကယတင

ချမတထားသည စညးမျဉးများက အေလးထား လကနာကျငသးမသည ကနပတ

အသကေမး ဝမးေကျာငးလပငနး၏ ေအာငြမငေသာ သမငးေကာငးတင အဓကကျေသာ

အချကပငြဖစသည။

ကမဘာကးဟာေြပာငးလေနသညငအမ ထေြပာငးလမ ငအတ ကပတအေနင လက ပါ ေြပာငးလဖရာ အလနအေရးကး ပါသည။ လနခေသာ စ၂၀ခနအတငး လေတ၏ ေနထငပများင အလပလပကငပများက အေြခခ ကျကျ ေြပာငးလေပးေနေသာ ဒဂျစတယ ေတာလနေရး (digital revolution) ကေတြမငက ရပးြဖစပါသည။ တစကမဘာလးဆငရာ အငတာနက၊ ဆရယမဒယာ၊ မလဘငးဖနးနညး ပညာများင သတငးအချက အလကများက ေကာကယငစမး၊ သမးဆညးငစမး င လပငနးစဉ အဆငဆင ေဆာငရကငစမးများ သသသာသာ တးတကလာြခငး ြဖစပါ သည။ ရလဒအေနင ဒဂျစတယပသဏဌာနြဖင ရငပးေသာ အချကအလကများအေပတင ယကညအား ထားမတးတက လာသညငအည သေတသနလပငနးက အသငေြပာငးလ လာေစပါသည။ သေတသတစဦး၏ အခနးကဏဏသည ေတဆေမးြမနးသ (interviewer) အေနအြဖစမ အချကအလကများ က ကးကပသ (Data Curator) အြဖစသ အသငေြပာငး တးတကလာပး အများအားြဖင ရရ ထားပးေသာ အချကအလကများက စစညးေပါငးစပ ရာတငလညး ပ၍အေလးေပး ေဆာငရကလာ ရသည။

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သေတသနြပuလပြခငးင ထးထငးသြမငမ (insight) လပေဆာငချကသည အချကအလက ေကာကယမ င ခြခမးစတြဖာ သးသပြခငး (analysis) တမသည အပစဖေဆးေးြခငး (Focus Group)၊ နမနာ ေကာကစစတမး (Sample Survey)၊ ဆရယမဒယာ ငကနပျတာ ြဖင များြပားစာ သမဆညး ထားသည အချကအလကစသည အချကအလကရငးြမစမျuးစမ ရရထားသည အချက အလကများက စမခနခြခငး င စေပါငးချတဆကြခငးများအထ ကျယကျယြပနြပန တးတက ေြပာငးလ လပေဆာငလာေန ပြဖစပါ သည။

ြပငဆငေရးဆထားသည ICC/ESOMAR ကျင၀တစညးမျဉးသည သေသတန အသကေမး ဝမးေကျာငး လပငနးအေပ သကေရာကမရသည ေဖြပပါနညးပညာ အသစများကထည သငးထား သည။ ဤေခါငးစဉေအာကမာ အချကအလကများ ခြခမးစတြဖာမ (data analytics) ကထည သငးထားြခငးက သေတသများအတက များြပားေသာ အချကများရြခငးသည သေတသန လပငနးအတက လး၀ကြပားြခားနားသည ချညးကပမ ြပuလပရမညဆသညက အသ အမတြပuသည။ သေတသများသည အချကအလကများရ ပစများကေဖာထတ၍ စမးအင ြမငမားသည ထးထငးသြမငမ အသစ များ (powerful new insights)က အလပအပသများ (Clients) အတကေပးအပရနအတက ကနပျတာ ငသမးဆညးထားသည များြပားလ သည အချကအလကများအား စစညးပးခြခမး စတြဖာသည။ အချကအလကများက ခြခမးစတြဖာသးသပြခငး (data analytics)သည အြခားေသာ ရညရယချကများအတက အသးြပuငေသာလညး သေတသနလပငနးအတက အသးြပu မညဆပါက ဤကျင ဝတစညးမျဉး အတငး လကနာကျငသးရပါမည။ မေြပာငးလသည အချကတစခမာ အများြပညသ၏ ပးေပါငးေဆာငရကမအေပ ကနပတ ၏ ယကည အားထားမင သေတသနတင ပါဝငသေလလာေမးြမနးခရသတ၏ ေဒတာ အချကအလကများ လြခuမကမကျuးေပါကေအာငင ၄ငးတအတကဆးကျuးများ မြဖစ ေပေစဘ ကပတအေန င သေတသနက းးသားသား၊ ဓမမဓဋဌာနကျကျ ေဆာငရကက သညဆသညက အများြပညသတက ယကညြခငးပင ြဖစသည။ တစဦးချငးစ၏အေရးပါမငပတသက၍ ြပညသလထ၏စးရမမြမငမားလာေနသည အတက ၄ငးတ၏ ကယေရး ကယတာအချကအလကများက မညသအသးြပuမည၊ မညသညအတက အသးြပuမညဆသညတက ထနးချuပရနအတက ေဒတာအချကအလက

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များက တာ၀နသစာ ကငတယငမည ရငးလငးြပတသားေသာ ကျင၀တင အသကေမး ၀မးေကျာငးလပငနးဆငရာ လမးညနချကများမာ အေရးတကး လအပလာေနပါသည။ လအများ၏ ကယေရးအချကအလကေတက အသးြပuသညအခါ ထားရရမည ကျငဝတ ဆငရာ (ethical)၊ အသကေမးဝမးေကျာငးဆငရာ (professional) င လမေရးဆငရာ (social) ဝတရားများ င ပတသက၍ ကပတ၏ အေလးထားဂြပuမက ဆကလက လကေတြပသရနင သေတသန အေပမာ လထကထားရေသာ ယကညမကဆကလက ထနးသမးငရန ယခငကထကပငပ၍ အေရးကး လာပါ သည။ ICC င ESOMAR တအေနင ေနာကဆးထကရထားေသာ ဤကျငဝတစညးမျဉး ြပဋဌာနး ချကက ဝမးေြမာကစာ တငြပအပပါသည။ ြမငမားေသာ စချနစညနးရသည ကျငဝတင ကကညေသာ အြပuအမများက ဆကလကလပေဆာငပး သေတသနအေပ လထကထား ရေသာ ယကညမက တးြမငေစငမညဟ ယကညပါသည။ ဤစညးမျဉးက တစကမဘာလး လကနာကရန တကတနး အပပါသည။ John Danilovich, ICC အေထေထ အတငးေရးမ း Finn Raben, ESOMER အေထေထ ဒါကတာ

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ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics

နဒါနး

ESOMAR သည ၁၉၄၈ခစတင ေဈးကကင လမေရးသေတသနဆငရာ ကျငဝတစညး မျဉး င ပတသကသည ပထမဆး စညးမျဉးက ထတြပနခပါသည။ ထသ ထတြပနပး ေနာကပငးစများတင ငငအများစကလညး ၄ငးတငငအလက မမတငသကဆင သည စညးမျဉးများက ထတြပနခ ကပါသည။ ၁၉၇၆ ခစတင Global Marketing and Advertising Code of Conduct မအစြပuပး ငငတကာ စညးမျဉးအသးသးရခသည ESOMAR င ICC သည တစခတညးေသာ ငင တကာ စညးမျဉးထားရရန သေဘာတညခကသည။ ေနာကတစစမာပင ICC/ESOMAR ပးတစညးမျဉးက ထတြပနခသည။ ထ၁၉၇၇ ခစ စညးမျဉးက ၁၉၈၆၊ ၁၉၉၄ င ၂၀၀၇ ခစများတင ြပနလညြပငဆင မမးမြဖညစကခသည။ ငငေပါငး ၅၀ေကျာရ အဖ အစညး ၆၀ေကျာက ဤကျငဝတစညးမျဉးက လကခလကနာ ကျငသးေနကပါ သည။

ရညရယချကင နယပယ

ဤစညးမျဉးသည ေဈးကက၊အေတးအြမငထငြမငယဆချကင လမေရးဆငရာ သေတ သန၊ င အချကအလက ခြခမးစတြဖာ သးသပြခငးတင ပါဝငလပကငေနသတ အတက ကယတငချမတ ကျငသးသညစညးမျဉး (self-regulation)လပေဆာငရာမာ ပး ြပညစ ေသာ မေဘာငတစခအေနြဖင အသးြပuငရန ေရးဆထားသည။ ဤစညးမျဉးတင သေတ သနအေပ၌ လထကထားရေသာ ယကညမ (public confidence)က ထနးသမးရန အတက ေရးဆထားေသာ မရမြဖစလအပသည ကျငဝတဆငရာ (ethical)င အသက ေမး၀မးေကျာငးလပငနးဆငရာ (professional) စနးများက ြပဌာနးထားသည။ တပuင တညးမာပင သကဆငရာ နယပယအလက၊ ငငအလက င ေဒသအလက ဥပေဒများ

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သမဟတ စညးမျဉးများင ပမြမငမားေသာ စနးများ ချမတထားေသာ လပငနး နယပယဆငရာ (industry)/ အသကေမး၀မးေကျာငးဆငရာ လကနာ ေဆာငရက ရမည စညးမျဉးများကလည တငးကျပစာစမ လကနာရန လအပသည။ သမားးကျ အချက အလကရရပ င အချကအလက အရငးအြမစအသစများမရရပ စမျuးလးင လပကင ေနေသာ သေတသများ င ခြခမးစတြဖာသများ (analysts) အေနင သေတသန တင အသးြပuေသာ တစးဉးတစေယာကချငး၏ အချကအလကများင ၄ငးတ ဝနေဆာငမေပး ေနရေသာ အလပအပသများ (clients) င အဖအစညးများအေပ ကျငဝတဆငရာများ၊ အသက ေမး၀မးေကျာငး ဆငရာများ၊ ဥပေဒဆငရာ ဝတရားများငအည ဆကလက ေဆာငရကငရန ဤစညးမျဉးက သတမတြပဌာနး သည။ ဤစညးမျဉးသည United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ၏ ပဒမ ၁၉ တင ြပဠာနး ထားသည အချကအလကများ ရာေဖရယ ေဖာြပရာတင သေတသများ၏ လပပငခငက ကာကယေပးငရနလညး ရညရယသည။ ဤစညးမျဉးက ကမဘာတစဝနးရ သေတသနလပငနး အားလးတင လကခကျငသးက သည။ ESOMAR အဖဝငများင ဤစညးမျဉးက လကခကျငသးေနေသာ အြခားေသာ သေတသန အဖအစညးများမ အဖဝငများသည ဤစညးမျဉးဥပေဒသက လကခပး လကနာေစာငထနးရန မြဖစမေန လအပသည။

အဓပပာယဖငဆရငးလငးတငြပချက

ဤစညးမျဉးက ေရးသားထားသညစာသားစညးမျဥ◌းသေဘာအရသာ မဟတပ၊ လကနာ ရြခငး၏ အေကာငးတရားကပါ စတအတငးမ သရနားလည၍ မမဆဒအရ လကနာလ စတရသည အေလျာက ကျငသးလကနာရမညြဖစသည။ ၎ငးက အြခားဆေလျာသည ICC င ESOMAR စညးမျဉးများ၊ လမးညနချကများ၊ အေြခခစညးမျဉးများ၊ သတမတထား ေသာ သေတသနနညးလမးများင ကျငသးမစညးမျဉးက လကခကျငသးရန ရညရယ ထားေသာ အေြခခသေဘာတရားများ၊ ေဖာထတတငြပချကမေဘာငများင တဖကဖတ သငသည။ ဤသေသာ ကျင၀တြပဋဌာနးချကင ၎ငးငအလားတရာများက www.iccwbo. org င www.esomar.org တငရယင ပါသည။

ဤြပဌာနးချကတစေလာကလးတင “ရမည” (must) ဟေသာ စကားလးက မြဖစမေန လပေဆာငရန လအပသညများက ေဖာြပရာတင အသးြပuသည။ ဆလသညမာ သေတသ များ မြဖစမေန လကနာရမည အေြခခသေဘာတရားများ သမဟတ လပထးများ ြဖစ သည။ “သငသည” (should) ဟေသာ စကားလးက အေကာငအထည ေဖာေဆာငရာ မာြဖစေစ၊ အကြပuလသညလပထးက ရညညနးသညအခါမာြဖစေစအသးြပuသည။

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အဓပပာယဖငဆချကများ

ဤကျငဝတစညးမျဉးတငပါ၀ငေသာ အသးအနးေတများတင ေအာကေဖာြပပါ သတမတ အဓပပာယများရပါသည။ ကေလးသငယများ (Children) - သေတသနများတင ပးေပါငးပါဝငရန မဘ (သမဟတ) အပထနး သများ၏ သေဘာတ ခငြပuချကက မြဖစမေန ေတာငးခရန လအပသများက ဆလသည။ အသက အရယ အပငးအြခားက ကေလးဟ သတမတသည ဆသညမာ အမျuးမျuး ကြပားပး ငငအလက ဥပေဒင ကယတင ချမတထားေသာ စညးမျဉးများေပ မတညသည။ ငငအလကတကျသည အဓပပာယဖငဆချကများမရခလင ေယဘယျအားြဖင အသက၁၂ စငေအာက ရသများက ကေလးသငယများအြဖစ သတမတပး အသက၁၃စမ အသက၁၇စကားရ သများက “ငယရယေသာသ” (young person) အြဖစသတမတသည။ အလပအပသများ (Client) ဆသညမာ သေတသန စမချကတစခ၏အစတအပငး (သမဟတ) စမချကတစခလးက လပကငေပးရန ေတာငးဆေသာ၊ အလပအပေသာ သမဟတ အလပ အတကကuတငေပးေချထားေသာ အလပအပသည အဖအစညး (သမဟတ) တစသးပဂဂလကဆ လသည။ သေဘာတ ခငြပuချက (Consent) ဆသညမာ လတစဦးတစေယာကအေနြဖင ၄ငး၏ကယေရး အချကအလကများက ေကာကယြခငး၊ ထညသငးသးသပ အသးြပuြခငးတင ပတသကပး အသ ေပးခရပးေနာက ၎ငးကယတင လတလပစာ ဆးြဖတ၍ခငြပuေပးထားြခငးက ဆလသည။ အချကအလကများ ခြခမးစတြဖာေလလာမ (Data analytics) ဆသညမာ ဝကထားေသာ ပစများ (hidden patterns)၊ မသေသးေသာ ဆကယမများ (unknown correlation)၊ ေခတေရစးေကာငး များ (trends)၊ ကuကစသကရာများ (preferences) င အြခားေသာ အသးဝငသည သတငး အချကအလကများက သေတသန ရညရယချက အတက ေဖာထတရန အချကအလကအစက စးစမးစစေဆးသည လပငနးစဉ (process of examining data sets) ြဖစသည။ ေလလာ ေမးြမနးခရသ (Data subject) ဆသညမာ သေတသနတင ၄ငး၏ကယေရးေဒတာ အချကအလကများ (personal data) က ထညသငးအသးြပuြခငးခရသများ ြဖစသည။ ဆးးနစနာမများ (Harm) ဆသညမာ လကဆပလကကငြပငသည ထခကဆးးနစနာမများ (ဥပမာ- ခဓာကယ ပငးဆငရာ ထခကဆးးနစနာမများ သမဟတ ေငေကးပငးဆငရာ ဆးး နစနာမများ)၊ လကဆပလကကင မြပငသည သမဟတ စတပငးဆငရာ ထခကဆးး နစနာ

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မများ (ဂဏသတငး သမဟတ နာမညေကာငးက ထခကမ စသြဖင)၊ သမဟတ ေတာငးဆထား ြခငးမရသည တစဦးတစေယာကတညးက ဦးတညေသာ အေရာငးြမငတငေရး စာတများေပး ပြခငးကသ အတငးေရး ကယေရးကယတာ ကစစများက အလနအမငး အောငအယက ြဖစေစ ေသာ အရာများ ပါဝငသည။ သေတသနမဟတေသာ လပငနးစဉ (Non-research activity) ဆသညမာ တစဦးတစေယာက၏ စတေနသေဘာထား၊ အေတး အြမငထငြမငယဆချကေတ သမဟတ လပေဆာငချကေတက ေြပာငးလရန ရညရယချကင အဆပါတစဦး တစ ေယာက၏ ကယေရး အချကအလက များက ေကာကယ သမဟတ ခြခမးစတြဖာသးသပပး တကက လပေဆာငြခငးမျuး ြဖစသည။ အချကအလကများက အလအေလျာက တဆင ေကာကခြခငး (Passive data collection) ဆသညမာ တစဦး တစေယာက၏ လပေဆာငချကများ သမဟတ ြပuမမများက ကညေလလာြခငး၊ တငးထာြခငး သမဟတ အချကအလကများ မတတမးတငထားြခငးအားြဖင ကယေရးအချက အလကများက ေကာကယြခငးြဖစ သည။ ကယေရး အချကအလကများ (Personal data) (တစခါတစရ မညသမညဝါ ြဖစသညက ေြပာင သည ကယေရးကယတာ သတငးအချကအလကများ သမဟတ Personally identifiable information (PII) ဟ၍လညးရညညနး ကသည။) သည သကရလတစဦးတစေယာကငပတ သက၍ ၄ငးပဂဂuလသည မညသမညဝါြဖစေကာငးက ေဖာြပငသည သတငးအချကအလက အေကာငးအရာတငးက ဆလသည။ ဥပမာ-တကက ရညညနးသညအရာများ (အမည၊ တကျ ေသာ ပထဝတညေနရာအေနအထား၊ တယလဖနးနပါတ၊ ဓာတပ၊ အသသမဟတ ဗဒယမတ တမးတငမများကသ) သမဟတ တကကရညညနးသည မဟတေသာအရာများြဖစေသာ လ တစဦး တစေယာကရခဓာကယပငးဆငရာ၊ ဇ၀ကမမဆငရာ၊ စတပငးဆငရာ၊ စးပားေရးပငး ဆငရာ၊ ယဉေကျးမပငးဆငရာ သမဟတ လမေရးပငးဆငရာ ဝေသသလကခဏာများ ပါဝင သည။ ကယတင တကကေကာကခရေသာ အချကအလက (Primary data) ဆသညမာ သေတသန၏ ရညရယချက အတက တစဦးတစေယာကအေကာငး သမဟတ ထတစဦးတစေယာကစမရရ ထားေသာ အချကအလကများက သေတသများ ကယတင ေကာကခထားေသာ အချကအလက များြဖစသည။ လြခu မဆငရာ အေၾကာငးၾကားမ (Privacy notice) (တစခါတစရ လြခuမဆငရာ မဝါဒေပလစ ဟ၍ လညး ရညညနးကသည) ဆသညမာ ေလလာ ေမးြမနးခရသ (Data subject) ၏ ကယေရး အချကအလကေတက အဖ အစညးတစခ အေနငစစညးပ၊ အသးြပuပ၊ ထတေဖာြပသပေတ င

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စမခနခပေတက ေဖာြပထားေသာ ထအဖ အစညး၏လြခuမဆငရာ လပထးများက အကျဉးချuပ ထတြပနထား ြခငးြဖစသည။ သေတသန (Research) ဆသညမာ တစဦးတစေယာကချငးအေကာငး၊ အဖအစညးများ အေကာငး သတငးအချကအလကများက စနစတကျစစညးပး အဓပပာယဖငဆသညလပငနး ြဖစ သည။ သေတသနဟဆရာတင ေဈးကက သေတသန (market research)၊ ထငြမင ယဆချက သေတသန (opinion research) င လမေရးဆငရာ သေတသန (social research) င အချက အလက ခြခမးစတြဖာ သးသပြခငးများ (data analytics) တအားလး အကျuး၀ငပါသည။ ထးထငး သြမငမ (insights)များက ေဖာထတရနင ကနပစစညးင ဝနေဆာငမေပးသများ၊ အစးရအဖ အစညးများ၊ အကျuးအြမတက အဓကမထားေသာ အဖအစညးများ (non-profit organisations) င အများြပညသ လထတ ဆးြဖတချကချမတရာမာ အေထာကအပ ြဖစေစရနအတက သေတ သနသည အသးချလမေရးသပပ၊ အမအကျငသပပ (behavioral science) င အချကအလကသပပ (data science) တ၏ စာရငးအငးဆငရာ င ခြခမးစတြဖာ နညးလမးများ ပါ၀ငသည နညးစနစ များက အသးြပuသည။ သေတသ (Researcher) ဆသညမာ သေတသနလပငနးတင တစဦးတစေယာကချငးြဖစေစ၊ အဖ အစညးလကြဖစေစ အကေပးအြဖစ လပကငေနကသများ ြဖစသည။ ထအထတင အလပအပ သညအဖအစညး (client organisations) များတင အလပလပကငေနသများင ဆပကနထက လပငနး(တာ၀နလကခေပးသများ)တင လပကငသ (subcontractors) များလညး အပါအဝင ြဖစသည။ တစဆငခ အချကအလက (Secondary data) ဆသညမာ အြခားရညရယချကအတက ေကာကယ ထားပးြဖစ ေသာအချကအလကများြဖစပး ေနာကပငးတငသေတသန လပငနးအတက အသးြပu ြဖစေသာ အချက အလကများ ြဖစသည။ ထခကလယေသာ သများ (Vulnerable people) ဆသညမာ မမဆဒအေလျာကင အချကအလက (သမဟတ) သတငးအချကအလကများအေပ အေြခခသည ဆးြဖတချကများ ချငရန အခက အခရသများ၊ မစမးငသများ ြဖစသည။ ယငးတတင အသအြမငေတးေခငစမးအားြဖင ချuယငးချကရသများ သမဟတ ေြပာဆဆကဆငစမး ချuတသများ ပါဝငသည။

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အေြခခသေဘာတရားဥပေဒသများ

ဤကျငဝတစညးမျဉးက သမငးေကာငး တစေလာကက ေဈးကကဆငရာ၊ အေတးအြမင ထငြမငချက ဆငရာင လမေရးဆငရာ သေတသနလပငနးများင ပတသကပး အေြခခဥပေဒသ (၃)ရပ အေပမ တည၍ ဖစညးထား သည။ ထအေြခခဥပေဒ (၃)ရပသည ဤစညးမျဉး၏ ထေရာကေသချာေသာ ပဒမများက လကနာကျငသးရန အတက ေဖာြပ ထားသည ေနာကခေကျားရငးလငးချကြဖစသည။ ၁။ သေတသနအတက ရညရယချကပး ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသထမ ကယေရးအချက အလကများက ေကာကယသညအခါ သေတသများသည ေကာကယလသည သတငးအချကအလကများအေကာငး၊ ေကာကယရသည ရညရယချက၊ ထသတငးအချကအလကများက မညသမညဝါငမ ေဝမည အေကာငး င မညသညပစြဖင မေဝမည အေကာငးတင ပတသကပး ပငလငးြမငသာမရရမည။ ၂။ သေတသများသည သေတသနတငအသးြပuသည ကယေရး အချကအလကများက တရားမဝင ရယ သးစြခငးမ ကာကယထားေကာငး င ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသထမ သေဘာတ ခငြပuချကမပါဘ ထတေဖာဖငဟြခငး ြပuလပမည မဟတေကာငး က အာမခရမည။ ၃။ သေတသများသည ကျငဝတငအည အမတေစြပuမေနထငကာ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသအား ထခက နစနာေစငေသာ သမဟတ ေဈးကကဆငရာ၊ ထငြမငယဆချကဆငရာင လမေရးဆငရာ သေတသန၏ ဂဏသတငးအားပျကစးေစငေသာ မညသညအေကာငးအရာကမ မြပuလပရပါ။

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စညးမျဉးများ

ေလလာေမးြမနးခရေသာသများေပတင ထားရ ရမည ဝတရားများ

Article 1 Duty of care စညးမျဉး ၁ ဂစကေပးရမည တာဝန (က) ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများ၏ ကယေရး အချကအလကများက သေတသနတင ထညသငးအသး ြပuြခငးေကာင ထသတက ထခကနစနာမ မြဖစေအာင သေတသများအေနင အေလးအနက ဂြပuရ မည။ (ခ) သေတသနလပမည အေကာငးအရာသည ထလယရလယြဖစေနေသာအခါ (သ) အချကအလက ေကာကယေသာ အေနအထားသည ေလလာေမးြမနးခရေသာသများအတက စတအောငအယကြဖစ စရာ၊ စတမသကမသာ ြဖစစရာ ြဖစေနငေသာအခါမျuးတင သေတသများအေနင အထးဂစက ကငတယရမည။ (ဂ) သေတသနသည ယငး၏ေြဖာငမတမနကနမအေပ လထကထားရေသာ ယကညမင ေအာငြမင ေသာ သေတသန ြဖစဖရာအတက သတငးအချကအလကများက လြခuစာကငတယမတ အေပမာ မတညေနသညက သေတသများအေနင အမသတြပuေနရပါမည။ သပါေသာေကာင သေတသနဆငရာ လပငနးစဥ◌များင သေတသနမဟတေသာ လပငနးစဉများ ကားမကာြခားမက ဆကလက ထနးသမး ဖရာကလညး အမကuးစား အားထတရပါမည။ (ဃ) အကယ၍ သေတသများအေနင သေတသနမဟတေသာ လပငနးစဉးများတင ပါ၀ငပတသက ရလင (ဥပမာ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများက တကကဉးတညေသာ အေရာငးြမငတငေရး သမဟတ ေကာြငာပငးဆငရာ လပငနးများ) ၄ငးတအေနင ထလပငနးစဥ◌များက သေတသနလပငနးစဉများမ ရငးရငးလငးလငး ခြခားထား ရမည။ Article 2 Children, young people and other vulnerable individuals စညးမျဉး ၂ ကေလးသငယများ၊ ငယရယေသာသ များင အြခားထခကလယသများ (က) သေတသများသည ကေလးသငယများ သမဟတ ဥပေဒအရ အပထနးသေအာကတင ေနရသများ ထမ ကယေရး အချကအလကများက ေကာကခရာတင မဘ သမဟတ အပထနးသ၏ သေဘာတ ခငြပuချကက မြဖစ မေနရယရမည။

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(ခ) သေတသနတင ကေလးသငယများင ငယရယေသာသများက ထညသငးရန သငမသငက သေတသများ အေနင အထးအေလးထား စဉးစားဆးြဖတရမည။ ေမးြမနးမည ေမးခနးများတင သတ ၏ အသကငရငကျကမ အဆငက ထညသငး စဉးစားရမည။ (ဂ) အြခားထခကလယသများင လပကငရာတငလညး အဆပါပဂဂuလများအေနင ရရထားသည အချကအလကများ အေပတင သရဆးြဖတငစမးရပး သေတသနတင ပါ၀ငရန အတငးအကပဖအား ေပးခရမများ မရေစရ ေအာင သေတသများ အေနင ဂစကရမည။ Article 3 Data minimization စညးမျဉး ၃ အချကအလကများအား အနညးဆးသာေကာကယြခငး သေတသများအေနင သေတသနင ဆေလျာေသာ ကယေရး အချကအလကများက ေကာကယရာတင ြဖစေစ၊ ယငးတက စစစလပေဆာငရာတငြဖစေစ အကနအသတြဖငသာ လပေဆာငရမည၊ လအပ သေလာကသာ လပေဆာငရမည။ Article 4 Primary data collection စညးမျဉး ၄ အချကအလကများက တကကေကာကခြခငး (က) သေတသန၏ ရညရယချကအတက ေလလာေမးြမနးခသထမ ကယေရးအချကအလကများက တကက ေကာကခရာတင ၁) သေတသများသည မမတ မညသမညဝါြဖစသညဆသညက ဉးစာေြပာြပထားရမညြဖစပး သေတသ ြဖစေကာငး အေထာကအထား မနကနမက ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများ အေနင အခကအခမရ စစေဆး ငခငရရမညြဖစသည။ ၂) သေတသများသည သေတသန၏ ေယဘယျရညရယချကက အလျငးသငသညငတပuငနက ရငးရငး လငးလငး ေဖာြပရမည ြဖစသည။ ၃) သေတသနတငပါ၀ငမသည ပါ၀ငသ၏ ကယပငဆဒအေလျာကြဖစပး သေတသနအ ေကာငး သေဘာ င ေယဘယျ ရညရယချကတင ပတသကသည လေလာကပး ထင ေယာငထငမား မြဖစေစ ငေသာ အချကအလကများ ေပတင အေြခခ ေကာငး သေတသများအေနင ေသချာေစရပါမည။

၁) သေသသမဟတသများသညလညး သေတသနလပငနးစဉများင သေတသနမဟတေသာ လပငနးစဉ များက ရငးရငးလငးလငး ခြခားသရန အေရးကးသညအတက ICC ေကာြငာလပငနးဆငရာ စညးမျဉးင ေစျးကကဆကသယေရး ဆငရာလပထးက သတမရမညြဖစသည “ေစျးကကဆငရာ ဆကသယ ေရး လပငနး များသည ယငးတ၏ စးပားေရးအကျuးအြမတဆငရာ ရညရညချကအစစအမနက တလ ပေဖာြခငးမျuး မြပu

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လပသငပါ။ သြဖစပါ၍ ကနပစစညးတစခ၏ အေရာငးြမငတငေရးအတက ဆကသယ ေဖာြပမက ေစျးကက သေတသန၊ စားသးသစစတမး၊ သးစသများဖနတးေသာ အ ေကာငးအရာအချကအလက၊ ကယပင ဘေလာဂ၊ သမဟတ လတလပစာေရးသားထားေသာ ကနပစစညးအညနးများအေနြဖင အ ေယာငေဆာင မထားသငပါ။

၄) အကယ၍ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများက ြပနလညဆကသယရမညြဖစစဉမျuးပါ၀ငခလင သေတသ များသည ေလလာေမးြမနးခရမညသများက အသေပးအ ေကာငးကားရမညြဖစပး ေလလာေမးြမနးခရ သများထမ ြပနလည ဆကသယရန သေဘာတခငြပuချကကရယရပါမည။ အရညအေသး ထနးချuပမ (quality control) ရညရယချက အတက ြပနလညဆကသယရြခငးမျuးကမ ခငးချကအေနငသတမတ ငသည။ ၅) သေတသများသည ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများမ သေတသနတငပါ၀ငရနေတာငးဆချကက ြငငးပယ ငခငက ေလးစားရမည။

(ခ) သေတသများသည ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများအေနင သေတသနတင ဆကလကပါ၀ငရန မညသညအချန အခါတငမဆြငငးဆငခငင ၄ငးတ၏ ကယေရးေဒတာ အချကအလကများက ရယ ငခင သမဟတ ြပငဆင ငခငက ခငြပuရပါမည။

(ဂ) (Passive data collection) ဟ ေခသည ေလလာခရသကကuတငခငြပuချကမေတာငးသည အချက အလက ေကာကယမတင ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသ၏ သေဘာတခငြပuချကက ရယရမည ြဖစကာ ပဒမ ၄ (က) တငပါ ေသာ အေကာငး အေြခအေနများ အားလးင ကကညေနရပါမည။ (ဃ) သေဘာတခငြပuချကက ရယရန မြဖစငသည Passive data collection နညးလမးများက အသး ြပuရာတင ထသေသာ အချကအလကများက ေကာကယငရန ဥပေဒအရ ခငြပuထားမရရမညြဖစပး မညသမညဝါြဖစသညက သေစငသည ကယ ေရးအချကအလကများက လပငသညအချနတင တတငသမ ေစာလျငစာ ဖယရားေပးရ မည၊ သမဟတ ဖးကယ ေပးထား ရမည။

Article 5 Use of secondary data စညးမျဉး ၅ အြခားသေကာကယထားသည အချကအလကများက အသးြပuြခငး ကယေရး အချကအလကများပါ၀ငေသာ အြခားသေကာကယထားသညအချကအလကများက အသးြပu ရာတင သေတသများ အေနင ေအာကေဖာြပပါအချကများက ဂြပuရမည။ (က) အသးြပuမညရညရယချကသည မလက အချကအလကေကာကခသည ရညရယချကင ေလျာညမ ရ ရမည။

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(ခ) ေကာကယရရထားသည အချကအလကများသည ဥပေဒအရ တားြမစချကများက ချuးေဖာက၍ေသာ လညးေကာငး၊ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများ ယကညလာေအာင(သ)သသာထငရားြခငးမရေအာင လည ြဖားေသာ နညးလမး များြဖင ေသာလညးေကာငး ေကာကယထားြခငးမျuးမြဖစရပါ။ (ဂ) မလက အချကအလကေကာကယရာတင အသေပးထားေသာ လြခuမဆငရာအ ေကာငးကားမတင ယငးအချက အလကများက အသးြပuရနရညရယထားေသာ အ ေကာငးအရာက တမငဖယချန ထားြခငး မြဖစရပါ။ (ဃ) ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသတစဥ◌းစမ ယငးတ၏ အချကအလကများက အြခားရညရယချကများ အတက အသးမြပuရန ေတာငးဆမများက အထးအေလးထားရမည။ (င) အချကအလကများက အသးြပuြခငးြဖင ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများက ထခကနစနာမမရေစရနင ထသေသာ ထခကနစနာမများမ ကာကယေပးရန နညးလမးများလညးရပးြဖစရပါမည။ Article 6 Data protection and privacy စညးမျဉး ၆ ေဒတာအချကအလကများက ကာကယေပးမင လြခu မ (က) အကယ၍ သေတသများအေနင သေတသနအတကအြပင သေတသနင မသကဆငေသာ ရညရယချကအတက အသးြပuမည ကယေရးေဒတာ အချကအလကများက ေကာကယလင အချက အလက ေကာကယြခငး မတငခငကပင ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများက ဤအ ေကာငးငပတသကပး ကuတင၍ ရငးလငးအသေပး ထားရမညြဖစပး သေတသနင မသကဆငေသာ အသးြပuမများအတက ၄ငးတထမ သေဘာတခငြပuချက ကရယ ပးသားြဖစရပါမည။ (ခ) သေတသများအေနင ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများ၏ ကယေရးေဒတာ အချကအလကများက ၎ငးက သေဘာတညမ ေပးထားပးြဖစသည အေြခအေနမလ၍ အလပအပသထသ မ ေဝြခငးမြပuလပရပါ။ (၎ငး အေနြဖင မညသညရညရယချက အတကသးရန မ ေဝမညဆသညကလညး သေဘာတပးြဖစ ရပါမည။) (ဂ) သေတသများအေနင လြခuမဆငရာအေကာငးကားမရရမညြဖစကာ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရ သများ အတက အချနမေရး လကလမးမေစရမညြဖစပး အလယတကနားလညလယငေစရမည။ (ဃ) ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများ၏ ကယေရး အချကအလကများက စစမး၍မရငေစ ရနင တစဉး တစေယာကချငးစ၏ အ ေကာငးက ထတယဆငြခင၍ေဖာထတသငြခငးမျuး မရေစရန သေတသ များမ အထးဂြပuရမည။ (ဥပမာ- တစဦး တစေယာကစ၏ အေကာငးက ဆကစပစစစေတရချကမ တဆငြဖစေစ၊ နမနာ samples ငယများ မ ြဖစေစ၊ သမဟတ အလပအပသ၏ မတတမးေတထမြဖစေစ

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သမဟတ အများြပညသအတက ထတြပနထားတ တစဆငခ အချက အလကေတမြဖစေစ စစညးထား ေသာအချကအလကများ မတစဆငြဖစေစ) (င) ကယေရးအချကအလကများက လြခuမရေကာငးေသချာေစရန သေတသများအ ေနင သငတင ေလျာညေသာ ကuတငကာကယမများက လပေဆာငထားရပါမည။ ေပျာကဆးသားြခငး၊ ခငြပuချကမရပ ရယသားငြခငး၊ ဖျကစးခရြခငး၊ အလသးစားလပြခငး၊ ကuးကငြခယလယြခငး သ ထတေဖာြပသြခငး ကသ ြဖစငေချရငေသာ အတရာယများမ ကာကယထားရမည။ (စ) ကယေရး အချကအလကများက ေကာကယထားေသာရညရယချကအတက လအပသညထကပ၍ ကာရညစာ သမးဆညး ထားရြခငးမြပuရပါ။ (ဆ) အကယ၍ ကယေရးအချကအလကများက ဆပကနထကများ (တာ၀နလကခေပးသများ) သမဟတ အြခား ၀နေဆာငမေပးသများသ လေြပာငးရာမျuးတင အဆပါလကခရရသများ၏လြခuေရး နညးလမး ေဆာငရကချကများသည သေတသများင တညေသာအေနအထားတင အနညးဆးရ ေကာငး ၎ငးတအေနင ေသချာေစရ မည။ (ဇ) သကဆငရာတစခမ အြခားတစခသ ကယေရးအချကအလကများက လေြပာငးရာတင ေလလာ ေမးြမနးခရသအများ၏ အချကအလကဆငရာ ကာကယေရးအခငအေရးက ထနးသမးရန သေတသများ အေနင အထးအေလးေပး ဂစကရပါမည။ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသ၏ ခငြပuချက(သ) အြခားေသာ ဥပ ေဒအရ ခငြပuချကများ မပါရပါက အဆပါကယေရးေဒတာ အချကအလကများက လေြပာငးြခငး မြပuလပရပါ။ ထအြပင လြခuေရးဆငရာ နညးလမး ေဆာငရကချကများ လလေလာကေလာက ရရနင ဤကျင၀တစညးမျဉးပါ အချကအလကကာကယေရးဆငရာ စညးမျဥ◌းများင ညညတမရရန လအပ သည ေလျာညေသာ လပေဆာငချကအဆငများက သေတသများ အေနင ဂြပuလပေဆာငရမည။ (ဈ) ကယေရး အချကအလကများပါ၀ငသည အချကအလကများ ေပါကကားသညအြဖစမျuးတင ထ ေပါကကားမတင ပါ၀ငသားေသာ ေလလာေမးြမနးခရသများ၏အချကအလကများအတက သေတသ များမ တာ၀နယရမညြဖစပး အချကအလက ေပါကကားမင သကဆငေသာ ဥပေဒလပထးများအတငး လကနာ ေဆာငရကရမည။

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အလပအပသများ (clients) ေပတင ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ

Article 7 Transparency စညးမျဉး ၇ ပငလငးြမငသာမ (က) သေတသများသည သေတသနဒဇငးေရးဆရာတငစညးမျဉး ၉(က) င ကကညရမညြဖစပး အလပအပသင သေဘာတည ထားသည အရညအေသးင အေသးစတအချကအလကအတငး ေရးဆ ရမည။ (ခ) ေတရချကများင ၄ငးတကအဓပပာယဖငဆချကများသည ရငးလငးရမညြဖစပး ေဒတာအချက အလက များြဖင လေလာကစာအေြခခထားရမည။ (ဂ) သေတသများသည အလပအပသများမ အချကအလကေကာကယမင အချကအလကငပတက၍ ကuတင ြပငဆငမများအေပတင သးသနလတလပစာ စစေဆးမများ (independent checks) အတက ေတာငးဆလာပါလင ခငြပuေပးရမည။ (ဃ) အလပအပသများအေနင ကျuးေကာငးညညတခငလေသာရလဒများ အကြဖတငရနင ေကာကချကများ ဆယငရန အတက သေတသနငပတသကေသာ နညးပညာအချကအလကများက သေတသများက ပပးေပးရ မည။ (င) သေတသနမ ရလဒများက ထတြပနအစရငခရာတင သေတသများသည ေတရချကများင ယငးေတရချကများ အေပတင သေတသ၏ အဓပပာယဖငဆချကများင ဆယထားေသာ ေကာကချက များ (သ) အကြပuချကများအကား ရငးလငးစာ ခြခားေဖာြပရမည။

အများြပညသအေပတင ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ

Article 8 Publishing findings စညးမျဉး ၈ ေတရချကများက ထတြပနေၾကညာြခငး (က) သေတသနေတရချကများက ထတြပနေကညာရာတင အများြပညသများအေနြဖင အသးြပuထား ေသာ အချကအလကများ၏အရညအေသးင ချထားေသာေကာကချကများ၏ခငလမက သးသပင ေစရန လေလာကေသာ အေြခခ အချကအလကများက ရရ ေကာငး သေတသများက ေသချာေစရပါမည။

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(ခ) စာချuပအရ တားြမစထားသညမလ၍ ထတြပနထားေသာ ေတရချကများ၏ ခငလမက အကြဖတရန လအပေသာ နညးပညာဆငရာ သတငးအချကအလကများက ထပေဆာငးေတာငးဆမအေပ သေတသ များက ေပးအပရပါမည။ (ဂ) အလပအပသက သေတသနစမချကမ ေတရချကများက ထတြပနေကညာရန ရညရယထားသည အခါတင ထထတြပနေကညာမတငပါ၀ငေသာ အချကများင ပစက သေတသများက ပါ၀ငေဆးေး အကuြပuသငပါသည။ ထထတြပန ေကညာချကများသည အထငအြမငလမားေစြခငးမျuး၊ မားယငး နားလညေစြခငးမြဖစေစရန အလပ အပသင သေတသစဥ◌းစဖကလးတင တာ၀နရပါသည။ (ဃ) သေတသနစမချကမ ေကာကချကများက အကျယတဝငြပနြခငးတင အဆပါေကာကချကများ သည အချကအလကများ အေပ လလေလာကေလာက အေြခခထားြခငးမျuးမဟတလင သေတသများ အေန င ယငးတ၏ အမည (သမဟတ) အဖအစညး၏အမညက ေဖာြပခငမြပuရပါ။

သေတသန ပညာရငများ ထားရရမည ဝတရားများ

Article 9 Professional responsibility စညးမျဉး ၉ ပေရာဖယရငနယဆငရာ (အသကေမး၀မး ေၾကာငးလပငနးဆငရာ)ဝတရား (က) သေတသများသည းသားရမည၊ မနမနကနကနင ဓမမဓဠာနကျရမညြဖစပး င ၄ငးတ၏ သေတသနသည ဆေလျာေသာ သပပနညးကျသည သေတသန အေြခခသေဘာတရားများ၊ နညးလမးများ၊ နညးနာနဿယများ ငအည လပေဆာငထားရမည။ (ခ) သေတသများသည ကျငဝတငအညအမတေစ ကျငကေနထငရမည။ သေတသန၏ ဂဏသတငး များက မေလျာေသာ နညးြဖင ပျကစးဆးးေစငေသာ အရာများ သမဟတ အများြပညသ၏ ယကညမ က ေလျာပါးေစငေသာ အရာများက မြပuလပရပါ။ (ဂ) သေတသများသည ၄ငးတ၏ ပေရာဖယရငနယ(အသကေမး၀မး ေကာငးလပငနးဆငရာ) ဆငရာ င စးပားေရး လပငနးဆငရာ ပတသကဆကဆမ အားလးတင းသားေြဖာငမတရမည။ (ဃ) သေတသများသည အြခား သေတသများက ကျuးေကာငးခငလမနကနမမမရပ ေဝဖနြခငးများ မြပuလပရပါ။

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(င) သေတသများသည ၄ငးတ၏ (သမဟတ) ၄ငးတ အဖအစညး၏ ကမးကျငမများ၊ အေတအကu သမဟတ လပေဆာင ေနသည လပငနးများငပတသကပး မားယငးေသာ သမဟတ အထငအြမင လမားေစငေသာ ထတြပနချကများ မြပuလပရပါ။ (စ) သေတသများသည ေယဘယျအားြဖင လကခထားေသာ တရားမတေသာ ယဉပuငမများ ဆငရာ အေြခခ သေဘာတရားများင ေလျာညစာေဆာငရကရမည။ Article 10 Legal responsibility စညးမျဉး ၁၀ ဥပေဒေရးရာ ၀တရား သေတသများသည သကဆငေသာ ငငတကာင ငငအလကဥပ ေဒများင ေဒသတငးချမတ ထားေသာ စညးမျဉးဥပေဒသများင သေတသနအသကေမး၀မးေကျာငးဆငရာ စနးများ သမဟတ စညးကမးချကများ အားလးက လကနာရမည။ Compliance စညးမျဥးများင အညလကနာေဆာငရကြခငး (က) သေတသများသည သေတသနလပငနးများ ေဆာငရကရာတင ဤကျင၀တစညမျဉးင ေလျာညစာ လပေဆာငရမည။ သေတသနငဆငေသာ အလပအပသများင အြခားပါ၀ငေသာအဖအစညးများ သညလညး ဤလအပချကများ အတငးလကနာကျငသးရမညြဖစကာ ဤပဒမစညးမျဉးအရ လအပချက များက လကနာကျင သးရန သေဘာတညေစရမည။ ဤစညးမျဉးက ပတသကပါ၀ငေသာ အားလးေသာ အဖအစညးများ၊ ကမပဏများ င တစဉး တစ ေယာကချငးစမ ေလျာညေသာေနရာတငးင သေတသန၏ အဆငတငးတင လကနာကျငသးရမည။ (ခ) သေတသတစ ေယာကအေနြဖင ဤစညးမျဉးကေဖာကဖျကမက ြပနလညအမားြပငဆင ငေသာ လညး အဆပါေဖာကဖျကမအတက အေကာငးြပချကမြဖစေစပါ။ (ဂ)ဤစညးမျဉးက ကျးလနေဖာကဖျကငေြခရေသာအေနအထားတင ESOMAR ၏စညးကမး ထနး သမးေရးဆငရာ စစမးစစေဆးေဖာထတမက လကခပးေပါငးရန ပျကကကလငလညး ယငး ESOMAR အဖ၀ငသည ဤစညးမျဉးက ကျးလနေဖာကဖျကသညဟ သတမတသည။ ဤစညးမျဉးက လကနာ ေသာ အြခားေသာ အဖများင တစသးပဂဂလ အဖ၀ငများ တငလညး ဤအတငးသကေရာက မရသည။

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Implementation အေကာငအထည ေဖာေဆာငြခငး (က) ဤေနရာတင ြပဌာနးထားေသာ စညးမျဉး င အေြခခသေဘာတရားများက လကခကျင သးသင သည။ မမသေဘာအေလျာက ကျင၀တစညးမျဉးသတမတထားသည သကဆငရာေဒသ အလက၊ ငင အလကင အြပည ြပညဆငရာ အဖများသည ဤစညးမျဉးက လကခကျငသးပးေနာက ယငးက မမငငအတငးင ငငတကာတင အေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရကသငသည။ သေတသနငပတ သက၍ ဆေလျာသည ေဒသတငးချမတထားေသာ ြပဋဌာနးချကများင သငေလျာရာ ကယတင စညးမျဉး ကျငသးြပဋဌာနးသ/အဖအစညး၏ ချမတထားေသာ ဆးြဖတချကများ င သေတသများ (Researchers) င အလပအပသများ (clients) သညလညး အကမးတဝင ရငးးမရသင သည။ (ခ) ဤကျငဝတစညးမျဉးများတင ပါဝငသည အေြခခသေဘာတရား ဥပေဒများ၏ ဖငဆရငးလငး တငြပချကက ေတာငးဆလလင ESOMAR Professional Standards Committee သမဟတ ICC Commission Marketing and Advertising ကတငြပရမည။

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The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) အေကာငး ICC (the International Chamber of Commerce) သည ငငေပါငး (၁၃၀) ေကျာတင အဖ၀ငေပါငး ၆.၅

သနးေကျာ ငချတဆကထားသည ကမဘာအကးဆး စးပားေရး အဖအစညးြဖစပါသည။ အများငမတ

ေသာ စညးးလေဆာမမျuးစင စနးသတမတချကငအည လပေဆာငေနေသာ လပငနးစဉများမ

တစဆင (market-leading dispute resolution services) ေဈးကကေရေြပး အြငငးပားမဆငရာ ေြဖရငး

ြခငးဝနေဆာငမင တက) ငငတကာကနသယေရး၊ တာဝနရရ လပေဆာငသည စးပားေရးလပငနး

ဆငရာ ကျငထး (responsible business conduct) င တစကမဘာလးဆငရာ ကငတယ ေြဖရငးနညးက

ြမငတငေပးရန ICC က လပေဆာင ေပးသည။ များစာေသာ ကမဘာအကးဆး ကမပဏများ၊ အေသးစားင

အလတစား စးပားေရးလပငနး SMEsများ၊ စးပားေရးလပငနးဆငရာ အသငးအဖများ င ေဒသတငး

စးပားကးသနး ကနသညကးများ အသငးများသည ICC ၏အသငးဝငများ အြဖစပါဝငကသည။

ESOMAR အေကာငး ESOMARသည ငငေပါငး (၁၃၀)ေကျာမ သေတသန (research) င ခြခမးစတြဖာ သးသပထားေသာ

ေဒတာ အချကအလက (data analytics) များက ေဆာငရကေပးေနေသာ သမဟတ ေဆာငရကေစေသာ

လပငနးကမးကျငသ (ပေရာဖကရငနယ) အေယာက (၄၉၀၀)ေကျာ င ကမပဏေပါငး (၅၀၀)ေကျာ

တက ကယစားြပuကာ အချကအလကများ (data)၊ သေတသန(research) င သေတသနဆငရာ အသက

အ၀နး(research community) အေကာငးများက တစကမဘာလးက ထတေဖာေြပာကားေပးသည၊

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ယငးတ ေြပာဆလသညများက ယငးတကယစားေြပာကားေပးသည။ ESOMARတင ပါဝငသများ အားလး

သည ICC/ESOMAR ငငတကာ စညးမျဉးက လကနာရန သေဘာတညထား သများ ြဖစသည။

တစကမဘာလးဆငရာအဖအစညးအေနင ငငအလကငငငတကာ သေတသနအဖအစညးများင

အတ ကပတ၏ နယပယကအတက ကပတသည ကယတငချမတ ကျငသးသညစညးမျဉး င

မမတ၏ အသကေမး၀မးေကျာငး လပငနးဆငရာ (ပေရာဖကရငနယ) စချနစညနးများက ချမတထား

ပး ြမငတင ေဆာသကာ အမနတကယ အေရးကးေသာ အေရးကစစများက မးေမာငးထးြပပး ထေရာက

ေသာ ဆးြဖတချကများချမတ ငရနအတက ခြခမးစတြဖာ သးသပထားေသာ အချကအလကများ၊

ေဈးကကဆငရာ င အေတးအြမင ထငြမငချကဆငရာ သေတသနတ၏ အခနးကဏဏ င တနဖးက

တကတနးအားေပးြခငး၊ အဆငြမငတငေပးြခငး င ေထာကခေပးြခငးများ လပေဆာငသည။

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ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics

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Copyright © ICC/ESOMAR 2016.

All rights reserved. This publication may only be translated with the prior written permission of ICC and ESOMAR.

The ICC/ESOMAR International Code was drafted in English and the English text is the definitive version.

All ICC codes and guidelines are available at www.iccwbo.org

All ESOMAR Codes and guidelines are available at www.esomar.org

ICC (the International Chamber of Commerce) is the world’s largest business organization with a network of over 6.5 million members in more than 130 countries.

ESOMAR is the global voice of the data, research and insights community, speaking on behalf of over 4900 individual professionals and 500 companies who provide or commission data analytics and research in more than 130 countries, all of whom agree to uphold the ICC/ESOMAR International Code.

Preface

Introduction

Purpose and scope

Interpretation

Definitions

Fundamental principles

Articles

Responsibilities to data subjects Article 1 - Duty of care Article 2 - Children, young people and other

vulnerable individuals Article 3 - Data minimisation Article 4 - Primary data collection Article 5 - Use of secondary data Article 6 - Data protection and privacy

Responsibilities to clients Article 7 - Transparency

Responsibilities to the general public Article 8 - Publishing findings

Responsibilities to the research profession Article 9 - Professional responsibility Article 10 - Legal responsibility Article 11 - Compliance Article 12 - Implementation

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Copyright © ICC/ESOMAR 2016.

All rights reserved. This publication may only be translated with the prior written permission of ICC and ESOMAR.

The ICC/ESOMAR International Code was drafted in English and the English text is the definitive version.

All ICC codes and guidelines are available at www.iccwbo.org

All ESOMAR Codes and guidelines are available at www.esomar.org

ICC (the International Chamber of Commerce) is the world’s largest business organization with a network of over 6.5 million members in more than 130 countries.

ESOMAR is the global voice of the data, research and insights community, speaking on behalf of over 4900 individual professionals and 500 companies who provide or commission data analytics and research in more than 130 countries, all of whom agree to uphold the ICC/ESOMAR International Code.

Preface

Introduction

Purpose and scope

Interpretation

Definitions

Fundamental principles

Articles

Responsibilities to data subjects Article 1 - Duty of care Article 2 - Children, young people and other

vulnerable individuals Article 3 - Data minimisation Article 4 - Primary data collection Article 5 - Use of secondary data Article 6 - Data protection and privacy

Responsibilities to clients Article 7 - Transparency

Responsibilities to the general public Article 8 - Publishing findings

Responsibilities to the research profession Article 9 - Professional responsibility Article 10 - Legal responsibility Article 11 - Compliance Article 12 - Implementation

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Preface Throughout its history market, opinion and social research has delivered information and insights about people’s behaviour, needs and attitudes to inform decision making by providers of goods and services, governments, individuals and society at large. In doing so researchers relied primarily on data collected through direct interaction with and observation of participating individuals, while placing a strong focus on safeguarding their privacy. This focus has been at the core of our profession’s successful history of self-regulation.

The world is changing and it is imperative that we change with it.

Over about the last 20 years we have seen a digital revolution – dramatic increases in the ability to collect, store and process information, the global Internet, social media, mobile technology – that is radically changing the way people live and work.

As a result, research is being transformed with increasing reliance on data already available in digital form. The role of the researcher is evolving from interviewer to data curator, focusing more on organising and integrating data, much of which already exists. The research and insight function is extending beyond data collection and analysis to managing and synthesising data from a diverse range of sources, from focus groups and sample surveys to social media and large databases.

This revision of the ICC/ESOMAR Code takes account of the impact of these new technologies on the research profession. The inclusion of data analytics in the title recognises that the proliferation of data has resulted in an entirely new approach to research within our profession wherein researchers assemble and analyse large databases to uncover patterns in the data and deliver powerful new insights to clients. Data analytics can be used for other purposes, but when used for research, this Code applies.

One thing that has not changed is our reliance on the cooperation of the public and their confidence that research is carried out honestly and objectively without infringing their privacy or creating disadvantages for those whose data is used in research.

With increasing public concerns about the importance of individuals being able to control how their personal data is used and for what purpose comes a pressing need for clear ethical and professional guidance on how to handle that data responsibly. It is more important than ever before to maintain public confidence in research and to continue to demonstrate our recognition of the ethical, professional and social responsibilities that come with using people’s personal data.

ICC and ESOMAR are delighted to present this latest revision of the Code, one that we believe will continue to promote high standards of ethical behaviour and reinforce public confidence in research. We recommend use of this Code worldwide.

John Danilovich, Secretary General of ICC

Finn Raben, Director General of ESOMAR

5

Introduction ESOMAR published the first Code of Marketing and Social Research Practice in 1948. In subsequent years, a number of national bodies published their own codes.

In 1976, ESOMAR and ICC – who had a related international code stemming from their Global Marketing and Advertising Code of Conduct – agreed that it would be preferable to have a single international code. A joint ICC/ESOMAR Code was published the following year. This 1977 code was revised and updated in 1986, 1994 and, most recently, in 2007. More than 60 associations in over 50 countries have adopted or endorsed it.

Purpose and scopeThis Code is designed to be a comprehensive framework for self-regulation for those engaged in market, opinion and social research and data analytics. It sets essential standards of ethical and professional conduct designed to maintain public confidence in research, while also requiring strict adherence to any relevant regional, national and local laws or regulations, and industry/professional codes of conduct that may set a higher standard. It ensures that researchers and analysts working with both traditional and new sources of data continue to meet their ethical, professional and legal responsibilities to the individuals whose data they use in research and to the clients and organisations they serve. It also is intended to safeguard the right of researchers to seek, receive and impart information as stated in Article 19 of the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

This Code applies to all research worldwide. Acceptance and observance of the Code is mandatory for ESOMAR members and the members of other research associations that have adopted it.

InterpretationThis Code is to be applied in the spirit in which it was written as well as to the letter. It should be read in conjunction with other relevant ICC and ESOMAR codes, guidelines, principles, and framework interpretations intended to apply the Code in the context of specific research methods and applications. These and other similar documents are available at www.iccwbo.org and www.esomar.org.

Throughout this document the word “must” is used to identify mandatory requirements, that is, a principle or practice that researchers are obliged to follow. The word “should” is used when describing implementation and denotes a recommended practice.

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Preface Throughout its history market, opinion and social research has delivered information and insights about people’s behaviour, needs and attitudes to inform decision making by providers of goods and services, governments, individuals and society at large. In doing so researchers relied primarily on data collected through direct interaction with and observation of participating individuals, while placing a strong focus on safeguarding their privacy. This focus has been at the core of our profession’s successful history of self-regulation.

The world is changing and it is imperative that we change with it.

Over about the last 20 years we have seen a digital revolution – dramatic increases in the ability to collect, store and process information, the global Internet, social media, mobile technology – that is radically changing the way people live and work.

As a result, research is being transformed with increasing reliance on data already available in digital form. The role of the researcher is evolving from interviewer to data curator, focusing more on organising and integrating data, much of which already exists. The research and insight function is extending beyond data collection and analysis to managing and synthesising data from a diverse range of sources, from focus groups and sample surveys to social media and large databases.

This revision of the ICC/ESOMAR Code takes account of the impact of these new technologies on the research profession. The inclusion of data analytics in the title recognises that the proliferation of data has resulted in an entirely new approach to research within our profession wherein researchers assemble and analyse large databases to uncover patterns in the data and deliver powerful new insights to clients. Data analytics can be used for other purposes, but when used for research, this Code applies.

One thing that has not changed is our reliance on the cooperation of the public and their confidence that research is carried out honestly and objectively without infringing their privacy or creating disadvantages for those whose data is used in research.

With increasing public concerns about the importance of individuals being able to control how their personal data is used and for what purpose comes a pressing need for clear ethical and professional guidance on how to handle that data responsibly. It is more important than ever before to maintain public confidence in research and to continue to demonstrate our recognition of the ethical, professional and social responsibilities that come with using people’s personal data.

ICC and ESOMAR are delighted to present this latest revision of the Code, one that we believe will continue to promote high standards of ethical behaviour and reinforce public confidence in research. We recommend use of this Code worldwide.

John Danilovich, Secretary General of ICC

Finn Raben, Director General of ESOMAR

5

Introduction ESOMAR published the first Code of Marketing and Social Research Practice in 1948. In subsequent years, a number of national bodies published their own codes.

In 1976, ESOMAR and ICC – who had a related international code stemming from their Global Marketing and Advertising Code of Conduct – agreed that it would be preferable to have a single international code. A joint ICC/ESOMAR Code was published the following year. This 1977 code was revised and updated in 1986, 1994 and, most recently, in 2007. More than 60 associations in over 50 countries have adopted or endorsed it.

Purpose and scopeThis Code is designed to be a comprehensive framework for self-regulation for those engaged in market, opinion and social research and data analytics. It sets essential standards of ethical and professional conduct designed to maintain public confidence in research, while also requiring strict adherence to any relevant regional, national and local laws or regulations, and industry/professional codes of conduct that may set a higher standard. It ensures that researchers and analysts working with both traditional and new sources of data continue to meet their ethical, professional and legal responsibilities to the individuals whose data they use in research and to the clients and organisations they serve. It also is intended to safeguard the right of researchers to seek, receive and impart information as stated in Article 19 of the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

This Code applies to all research worldwide. Acceptance and observance of the Code is mandatory for ESOMAR members and the members of other research associations that have adopted it.

InterpretationThis Code is to be applied in the spirit in which it was written as well as to the letter. It should be read in conjunction with other relevant ICC and ESOMAR codes, guidelines, principles, and framework interpretations intended to apply the Code in the context of specific research methods and applications. These and other similar documents are available at www.iccwbo.org and www.esomar.org.

Throughout this document the word “must” is used to identify mandatory requirements, that is, a principle or practice that researchers are obliged to follow. The word “should” is used when describing implementation and denotes a recommended practice.

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DefinitionsFor the purpose of this Code the following terms have this specific meaning:

Children means individuals for whom permission to participate in research must be obtained from a parent or responsible adult. Definitions of the age of a child vary substantially and are set by national laws and self-regulatory codes. In the absence of a national definition, a child is defined as being 12 and under and a “young person” as aged 13 to 17.

Client means any individual or organisation that requests, commissions or subscribes to all or any part of a research project.

Consent means freely given and informed indication of agreement by a person to the collection and processing of his/her personal data.

Data analytics means the process of examining data sets to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, trends, preferences and other useful information for research purposes.

Data subject means any individual whose personal data is used in research.

Harm means tangible and material harm (such as physical injury or financial loss), intangible or moral harm (such as damage to reputation or goodwill), or excessive intrusion into private life, including unsolicited personally-targeted marketing messages.

Non-research activity means taking direct action toward an individual whose personal data was collected or analysed with the intent to change the attitudes, opinions or actions of that individual.

Passive data collection means the collection of personal data by observing, measuring or recording an individual’s actions or behaviour.

Personal data (sometimes referred to as personally identifiable information or PII) means any information relating to a natural living person that can be used to identify an individual, for example by reference to direct identifiers (such as a name, specific geographic location, telephone number, picture, sound or video recording) or indirectly by reference to an individual’s physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural or social characteristics.

Primary data means data collected by a researcher from or about an individual for the purpose of research.

Privacy notice (sometimes referred to as privacy policy) means a published summary of an organisation’s privacy practices describing the ways an organisation gathers, uses, discloses and manages a data subject’s personal data.

Research which includes all forms of market, opinion and social research and data analytics, is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals and organisations. It uses the statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social, behavioural and data sciences to generate insights and support decision-making by providers of goods and services, governments, non-profit organisations and the general public.

Researcher means any individual or organisation carrying out or acting as a consultant on research, including those working in client organisations and any subcontractors used.

Secondary data means data collected for another purpose and subsequently used in research.

Vulnerable people means individuals who may have limited capacity to make voluntary and informed decisions, including those with cognitive impairments or communication disabilities.

Fundamental principles This Code is based upon three fundamental principles that have characterised market, opinion and social research throughout its history. They provide an interpretative background for the application of the substantive articles of the Code:

1. When collecting personal data from data subjects for the purpose of research, researchers must be transparent about the information they plan to collect, the purpose for which it will be collected, with whom it might be shared and in what form.

2. Researchers must ensure that personal data used in research is thoroughly protected from unauthorised access and not disclosed without the consent of the data subject.

3. Researchers must always behave ethically and not do anything that might harm a data subject or damage the reputation of market, opinion and social research.

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DefinitionsFor the purpose of this Code the following terms have this specific meaning:

Children means individuals for whom permission to participate in research must be obtained from a parent or responsible adult. Definitions of the age of a child vary substantially and are set by national laws and self-regulatory codes. In the absence of a national definition, a child is defined as being 12 and under and a “young person” as aged 13 to 17.

Client means any individual or organisation that requests, commissions or subscribes to all or any part of a research project.

Consent means freely given and informed indication of agreement by a person to the collection and processing of his/her personal data.

Data analytics means the process of examining data sets to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, trends, preferences and other useful information for research purposes.

Data subject means any individual whose personal data is used in research.

Harm means tangible and material harm (such as physical injury or financial loss), intangible or moral harm (such as damage to reputation or goodwill), or excessive intrusion into private life, including unsolicited personally-targeted marketing messages.

Non-research activity means taking direct action toward an individual whose personal data was collected or analysed with the intent to change the attitudes, opinions or actions of that individual.

Passive data collection means the collection of personal data by observing, measuring or recording an individual’s actions or behaviour.

Personal data (sometimes referred to as personally identifiable information or PII) means any information relating to a natural living person that can be used to identify an individual, for example by reference to direct identifiers (such as a name, specific geographic location, telephone number, picture, sound or video recording) or indirectly by reference to an individual’s physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural or social characteristics.

Primary data means data collected by a researcher from or about an individual for the purpose of research.

Privacy notice (sometimes referred to as privacy policy) means a published summary of an organisation’s privacy practices describing the ways an organisation gathers, uses, discloses and manages a data subject’s personal data.

Research which includes all forms of market, opinion and social research and data analytics, is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals and organisations. It uses the statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social, behavioural and data sciences to generate insights and support decision-making by providers of goods and services, governments, non-profit organisations and the general public.

Researcher means any individual or organisation carrying out or acting as a consultant on research, including those working in client organisations and any subcontractors used.

Secondary data means data collected for another purpose and subsequently used in research.

Vulnerable people means individuals who may have limited capacity to make voluntary and informed decisions, including those with cognitive impairments or communication disabilities.

Fundamental principles This Code is based upon three fundamental principles that have characterised market, opinion and social research throughout its history. They provide an interpretative background for the application of the substantive articles of the Code:

1. When collecting personal data from data subjects for the purpose of research, researchers must be transparent about the information they plan to collect, the purpose for which it will be collected, with whom it might be shared and in what form.

2. Researchers must ensure that personal data used in research is thoroughly protected from unauthorised access and not disclosed without the consent of the data subject.

3. Researchers must always behave ethically and not do anything that might harm a data subject or damage the reputation of market, opinion and social research.

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ArticlesResponsibilities to data subjectsDuty of care

Researchers must ensure that data subjects are not harmed as a direct result of their personal data being used for research.

Researchers must exercise special care when the nature of the research is sensitive or the circumstances under which the data was collected might cause a data subject to become upset or disturbed.

Researchers must remain mindful that research relies on public confidence in the integrity of research and the confidential treatment of the information provided for its success, and therefore must remain diligent in maintaining the distinction between research and non-research activities. 1)

If researchers engage in non-research activities, for example promotional or commercial activities directed at individual data subjects, they must clearly distinguish and separate those activities from research.

Children, young people and other vulnerable individuals

Researchers must obtain the consent of the parent or responsible adult when collecting personal data from children or anyone for whom a legal guardian has been appointed.

Researchers must take special care when considering whether to involve children and young people in research. The questions asked must take into account their age and level of maturity.

When working with other vulnerable individuals, researchers must ensure that such individuals are capable of making informed decisions and are not unduly pressured to cooperate with a research request.

Data minimisation

Researchers must limit the collection and/or processing of personal data to those items that are relevant to the research.

Primary data collection

When collecting personal data directly from a data subject for the purpose of research:

i. Researchers must identify themselves promptly and data subjects must be able to verify the identity and bona fides of the researcher without difficulty.

ii. Researchers must clearly state the general purpose of the research as soon as methodologically possible.

iii. Researchers must ensure that participation is voluntary and based on information about the general purpose and nature of the research that is adequate and not misleading.

iv. Researchers must inform data subjects if there is any activity that will involve re-contact and data subjects must agree to be re-contacted. The only exception to this is re-contact for quality control purposes.

v. Researchers must respect the right of data subjects to refuse requests to participate in research.

Article 1

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Article 2

(a)

(b)

(c)

Article 3

Article 4

(a)

1) As it is important that non-researchers also clearly distinguish research from commercial activities, attention is drawn to Article 9 of the consolidated ICC Code of Marketing and Marketing Communications Practice: “Marketing communications should not misrepresent their true commercial purpose. Hence a communication promoting the sale of a product should not be disguised as for example market research, consumer surveys, user-generated content, private blogs or independent reviews.”

Researchers must allow data subjects to withdraw from the research at any time and access or rectify personal data held about them.

Passive data collection should be based on the consent of the data subject and meet all conditions in Article 4(a).

When using passive data collection methods where it is not possible to obtain consent, researchers must have legally permissible grounds to collect the data and they must remove or obscure any identifying characteristics as soon as operationally possible.

Use of secondary data

When using secondary data that includes personal data researchers must ensure that:

The intended use is compatible with the purpose for which the data was originally collected.

The data was not collected in violation of restrictions imposed by law, through deception, or in ways that were not apparent to or reasonably discernible and anticipated by the data subject.

The intended use was not specifically excluded in the privacy notice provided at the time of original collection.

Any requests from individual data subjects that their data not be used for other purposes are honoured.

Use of the data will not result in harm to data subjects and there are measures in place to guard against such harm.

Data protection and privacy

If researchers plan to collect personal data for research that may also be used for a non-research purpose, this must be made clear to data subjects prior to data collection and their consent for the non-research use obtained.

Researchers must not share a data subject’s personal data with a client unless the data subject has given consent to do so and has agreed to the specific purpose for which it will be used.

Researchers must have a privacy notice that is readily accessible by data subjects and is easily understood.

Researchers must ensure that personal data cannot be traced nor an individual’s identity inferred via deductive disclosure (for example, through cross-analysis, small samples or combination with other data such as a client’s records or secondary data in the public domain).

Researchers must take all reasonable precautions to ensure that personal data is held securely. It must be protected against risks such as loss, unauthorised access, destruction, misuse, manipulation or disclosure.

Personal data is to be held no longer than is necessary for the purpose for which it was collected or used.

If personal data is to be transferred to subcontractors or other service providers, researchers must ensure that the recipients employ at least an equivalent level of security measures.

(b)

(c)

(d)

Article 5

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Article 6

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

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ArticlesResponsibilities to data subjectsDuty of care

Researchers must ensure that data subjects are not harmed as a direct result of their personal data being used for research.

Researchers must exercise special care when the nature of the research is sensitive or the circumstances under which the data was collected might cause a data subject to become upset or disturbed.

Researchers must remain mindful that research relies on public confidence in the integrity of research and the confidential treatment of the information provided for its success, and therefore must remain diligent in maintaining the distinction between research and non-research activities. 1)

If researchers engage in non-research activities, for example promotional or commercial activities directed at individual data subjects, they must clearly distinguish and separate those activities from research.

Children, young people and other vulnerable individuals

Researchers must obtain the consent of the parent or responsible adult when collecting personal data from children or anyone for whom a legal guardian has been appointed.

Researchers must take special care when considering whether to involve children and young people in research. The questions asked must take into account their age and level of maturity.

When working with other vulnerable individuals, researchers must ensure that such individuals are capable of making informed decisions and are not unduly pressured to cooperate with a research request.

Data minimisation

Researchers must limit the collection and/or processing of personal data to those items that are relevant to the research.

Primary data collection

When collecting personal data directly from a data subject for the purpose of research:

i. Researchers must identify themselves promptly and data subjects must be able to verify the identity and bona fides of the researcher without difficulty.

ii. Researchers must clearly state the general purpose of the research as soon as methodologically possible.

iii. Researchers must ensure that participation is voluntary and based on information about the general purpose and nature of the research that is adequate and not misleading.

iv. Researchers must inform data subjects if there is any activity that will involve re-contact and data subjects must agree to be re-contacted. The only exception to this is re-contact for quality control purposes.

v. Researchers must respect the right of data subjects to refuse requests to participate in research.

Article 1

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Article 2

(a)

(b)

(c)

Article 3

Article 4

(a)

1) As it is important that non-researchers also clearly distinguish research from commercial activities, attention is drawn to Article 9 of the consolidated ICC Code of Marketing and Marketing Communications Practice: “Marketing communications should not misrepresent their true commercial purpose. Hence a communication promoting the sale of a product should not be disguised as for example market research, consumer surveys, user-generated content, private blogs or independent reviews.”

Researchers must allow data subjects to withdraw from the research at any time and access or rectify personal data held about them.

Passive data collection should be based on the consent of the data subject and meet all conditions in Article 4(a).

When using passive data collection methods where it is not possible to obtain consent, researchers must have legally permissible grounds to collect the data and they must remove or obscure any identifying characteristics as soon as operationally possible.

Use of secondary data

When using secondary data that includes personal data researchers must ensure that:

The intended use is compatible with the purpose for which the data was originally collected.

The data was not collected in violation of restrictions imposed by law, through deception, or in ways that were not apparent to or reasonably discernible and anticipated by the data subject.

The intended use was not specifically excluded in the privacy notice provided at the time of original collection.

Any requests from individual data subjects that their data not be used for other purposes are honoured.

Use of the data will not result in harm to data subjects and there are measures in place to guard against such harm.

Data protection and privacy

If researchers plan to collect personal data for research that may also be used for a non-research purpose, this must be made clear to data subjects prior to data collection and their consent for the non-research use obtained.

Researchers must not share a data subject’s personal data with a client unless the data subject has given consent to do so and has agreed to the specific purpose for which it will be used.

Researchers must have a privacy notice that is readily accessible by data subjects and is easily understood.

Researchers must ensure that personal data cannot be traced nor an individual’s identity inferred via deductive disclosure (for example, through cross-analysis, small samples or combination with other data such as a client’s records or secondary data in the public domain).

Researchers must take all reasonable precautions to ensure that personal data is held securely. It must be protected against risks such as loss, unauthorised access, destruction, misuse, manipulation or disclosure.

Personal data is to be held no longer than is necessary for the purpose for which it was collected or used.

If personal data is to be transferred to subcontractors or other service providers, researchers must ensure that the recipients employ at least an equivalent level of security measures.

(b)

(c)

(d)

Article 5

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Article 6

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

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Researchers must take particular care to maintain the data protection rights of data subjects whose personal data is transferred from one jurisdiction to another. Such transfers must not be made without the consent of the data subject or other legally permissible grounds. In addition, researchers must take all reasonable steps to ensure that adequate security measures are observed and that the data protection principles of this Code are complied with.

In the event of a data breach containing personal data researchers have a duty of care for the data subjects involved and must follow all applicable data breach notification laws.

Responsibilities to clientsTransparency

Researchers must design research to the specification and quality agreed with the client and in accordance with Article 9(a).

Researchers must ensure that findings and any interpretation of them are clearly and adequately supported by data.

Researchers must on request allow clients to arrange for independent checks on the quality of data collection and data preparation.

Researchers must provide clients with sufficient technical information about the research to enable them to assess the validity of the results and any conclusions drawn.

When reporting on the results of research, researchers must make a clear distinction between the findings, the researchers’ interpretation of those findings and any conclusions drawn or recommendations made.

Responsibilities to the general publicPublishingfindings

When publishing research findings, researchers must ensure that the public has access to sufficient basic information to assess the quality of the data used and the validity of the conclusions.

Researchers must make available upon request the additional technical information necessary to assess the validity of any published findings, unless contractually prohibited.

When the client plans to publish the findings of a research project, researchers should ensure that they are consulted as to the form and content of publication. Both the client and the researcher have a responsibility to ensure that published results are not misleading.

Researchers must not allow their name or that of their organisation to be associated with the dissemination of conclusions from a research project unless those conclusions are adequately supported by the data.

(h)

(i)

Article 7

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Article 8

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Responsibilities to the research professionProfessional responsibility

Researchers must be honest, truthful and objective and ensure that their research is carried out in accordance with appropriate scientific research principles, methods and techniques.

Researchers must always behave ethically and must not do anything that might unjustifiably damage the reputation of research or lead to a loss of public confidence in it.

Researchers must be straightforward and honest in all of their professional and business dealings.

Researchers must not unjustifiably criticise other researchers.

Researchers must not make false or otherwise misleading statements about their skills, experience or activities, or about those of their organisation.

Researchers must conform to the generally accepted principles of fair competition.

Legal responsibility

Researchers must conform to all applicable international and national laws, and local codes of conduct and professional standards or rules.

Compliance

Researchers must ensure that research is carried out in accordance with this Code, that clients and other parties to the research agree to comply with its requirements, and that the Code is applied, where appropriate, by all organisations, companies and individuals at all stages of the research.

Correction of a breach of this Code by a researcher, while desirable, does not excuse the breach.

Failure by an ESOMAR member to co-operate with a disciplinary investigation by ESOMAR into a possible breach of this Code, will be considered a breach of this Code. This also applies to members of other self-regulatory bodies implementing this Code.

Implementation

This Code and the principles enshrined in it should be adopted, and if it is adopted, must be implemented, nationally and internationally by the relevant local, national and international self-regulatory bodies. Researchers and clients also should familiarise themselves with relevant local self-regulatory documents on research and with decisions taken by the appropriate self-regulatory body.

Requests for interpretation of the principles contained in this Code must be submitted to the ESOMAR Professional Standards Committee or the ICC Commission on Marketing and Advertising for interpretation.

Article 9

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Article 10

Article 11

(a)

(b)

(c)

Article 12

(a)

(b)

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Researchers must take particular care to maintain the data protection rights of data subjects whose personal data is transferred from one jurisdiction to another. Such transfers must not be made without the consent of the data subject or other legally permissible grounds. In addition, researchers must take all reasonable steps to ensure that adequate security measures are observed and that the data protection principles of this Code are complied with.

In the event of a data breach containing personal data researchers have a duty of care for the data subjects involved and must follow all applicable data breach notification laws.

Responsibilities to clientsTransparency

Researchers must design research to the specification and quality agreed with the client and in accordance with Article 9(a).

Researchers must ensure that findings and any interpretation of them are clearly and adequately supported by data.

Researchers must on request allow clients to arrange for independent checks on the quality of data collection and data preparation.

Researchers must provide clients with sufficient technical information about the research to enable them to assess the validity of the results and any conclusions drawn.

When reporting on the results of research, researchers must make a clear distinction between the findings, the researchers’ interpretation of those findings and any conclusions drawn or recommendations made.

Responsibilities to the general publicPublishingfindings

When publishing research findings, researchers must ensure that the public has access to sufficient basic information to assess the quality of the data used and the validity of the conclusions.

Researchers must make available upon request the additional technical information necessary to assess the validity of any published findings, unless contractually prohibited.

When the client plans to publish the findings of a research project, researchers should ensure that they are consulted as to the form and content of publication. Both the client and the researcher have a responsibility to ensure that published results are not misleading.

Researchers must not allow their name or that of their organisation to be associated with the dissemination of conclusions from a research project unless those conclusions are adequately supported by the data.

(h)

(i)

Article 7

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Article 8

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Responsibilities to the research professionProfessional responsibility

Researchers must be honest, truthful and objective and ensure that their research is carried out in accordance with appropriate scientific research principles, methods and techniques.

Researchers must always behave ethically and must not do anything that might unjustifiably damage the reputation of research or lead to a loss of public confidence in it.

Researchers must be straightforward and honest in all of their professional and business dealings.

Researchers must not unjustifiably criticise other researchers.

Researchers must not make false or otherwise misleading statements about their skills, experience or activities, or about those of their organisation.

Researchers must conform to the generally accepted principles of fair competition.

Legal responsibility

Researchers must conform to all applicable international and national laws, and local codes of conduct and professional standards or rules.

Compliance

Researchers must ensure that research is carried out in accordance with this Code, that clients and other parties to the research agree to comply with its requirements, and that the Code is applied, where appropriate, by all organisations, companies and individuals at all stages of the research.

Correction of a breach of this Code by a researcher, while desirable, does not excuse the breach.

Failure by an ESOMAR member to co-operate with a disciplinary investigation by ESOMAR into a possible breach of this Code, will be considered a breach of this Code. This also applies to members of other self-regulatory bodies implementing this Code.

Implementation

This Code and the principles enshrined in it should be adopted, and if it is adopted, must be implemented, nationally and internationally by the relevant local, national and international self-regulatory bodies. Researchers and clients also should familiarise themselves with relevant local self-regulatory documents on research and with decisions taken by the appropriate self-regulatory body.

Requests for interpretation of the principles contained in this Code must be submitted to the ESOMAR Professional Standards Committee or the ICC Commission on Marketing and Advertising for interpretation.

Article 9

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Article 10

Article 11

(a)

(b)

(c)

Article 12

(a)

(b)

1110

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About the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is the world’s largest business organization with a network of over 6.5 million members in more than 130 countries. ICC works to promote international trade, responsible business conduct and a global approach to regulation through a unique mix of advocacy and standard setting activities – together with market-leading dispute resolution services. ICC members include many of the world’s largest companies, SMEs, business associations and local chamber of commerce.

About ESOMARESOMAR is the global voice of the data, research and insights community, speaking on behalf of over 4900 individual professionals and 500 companies who provide or commission data analytics and research in more than 130 countries, all of whom agree to uphold the ICC/ESOMAR International Code.

Together with national and international research associations, we set and promote professional standards and self-regulation for our sector and encourage, advance and advocate the role and value of data analytics, market and opinion research in illuminating real issues and bringing about effective decision-making.