Ice Ice RescuRescu

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Tragedy On The Ice...

Benefits of IceBenefits of IceRescue TrainingRescue Training

• Increased safetyIncreased safety

• Increased potential of Increased potential of successful rescuesuccessful rescue

•Positive public imagePositive public image

•Decreased liability exposureDecreased liability exposure

Ice Rescue ProcessIce Rescue Process

•Evaluate scene conditionsEvaluate scene conditions

•Evaluate victim’s conditionEvaluate victim’s condition

•Access manpower and equipmentAccess manpower and equipment

•Develop operational planDevelop operational plan

•Ongoing evaluation of rescue Ongoing evaluation of rescue processprocess

Evaluate Scene Evaluate Scene ConditionsConditions

•Environmental conditionsEnvironmental conditions

•Location and condition of victimLocation and condition of victim

•Contact with bystanders and Contact with bystanders and witnesseswitnesses

•Time of incidentTime of incident

Evaluating Victim’s Evaluating Victim’s ConditionCondition

•Victim’s ability to respondVictim’s ability to respond

•Other possible injuriesOther possible injuries

•Prevention of further injuryPrevention of further injury

Manpower and Manpower and EquipmentEquipment

•Number of rescuersNumber of rescuers

•Skill and training level of Skill and training level of rescuersrescuers

•Equipment availabilityEquipment availability

Developing an Developing an Operational PlanOperational Plan

•Keep it safe and simple Keep it safe and simple (KISS)(KISS)

•Have a back-up plan in Have a back-up plan in placeplace

Ongoing Evaluation Ongoing Evaluation of Rescue Processof Rescue Process

•Rescuer safety is the Rescuer safety is the primaryprimary concernconcern

•Risk/benefit analysis Risk/benefit analysis

The ongoing evaluation of The ongoing evaluation of a rescue is not static.a rescue is not static.

It is a It is a dynamicdynamic process.process.

Ongoing Evaluation Ongoing Evaluation of Rescue Processof Rescue Process

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IceIce

Vertical CirculationVertical Circulation

• Water column becomes isothermal at Water column becomes isothermal at 39.239.200 F (4 F (400 C) C)

• Vertical circulation occurs at different Vertical circulation occurs at different times within the same body of watertimes within the same body of water

Cold Water

Warm Water

Ice FormationIce Formation

• Ice forms from belowIce forms from below• Thermocline temperature 32Thermocline temperature 3200 F (0 F (000

C)C)• Ice is 9% less dense than water at Ice is 9% less dense than water at

323200 F (0 F (000 C) C)

ICE

THERMOCLINE

FrazilIce

Clear Ice

Snow Ice Layered

Ice

Polarized Cross Section

Snow Ice/Clear IceSnow Ice/Clear Ice

Candled Ice

Polarized Cross SectionPolarized Cross Section

CandledCandledIceIce

Pack Ice

Crack Ice

Pressure Ridge

Ice strengthIce strengthNever judge ice strength Never judge ice strength

by appearance alone!by appearance alone!

Open-Water

Shore Melt

River Ice

ObstructionObstructionss

Ice Strength Ice Strength GuidelinesGuidelines

Thin Ice Maximum Load

2 inches One Person Walking

4 inches One Person Fishing/ Group Walking

5 inches Snowmobile

8 inches Car

12 inches Light truck

P = 50 TP = 50 T22

P = load bearing P = load bearing capacity capacity

T = Ice thicknessT = Ice thickness

Victim’s Victim’s ConditionCondition

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Evaluating Victim’s Evaluating Victim’s ConditionCondition

•Victim’s ability to respondVictim’s ability to respond

•Other possible injuriesOther possible injuries

•Prevention of further injuryPrevention of further injury

Causes of Causes of HypothermiaHypothermia

•Decreased heat Decreased heat productionproduction

• Increased heat lossIncreased heat loss

•A combination of bothA combination of both

Types of Types of HypothermiaHypothermia

•Acute (sudden onset)Acute (sudden onset)

•Sub-acute (slow onset)Sub-acute (slow onset)

Stages of Stages of HypothermiaHypothermia

Mild Moderate SevereConscious & oriented

Conscious but disoriented

Unconscious

Shivering Shivering stops

Muscle rigidity

Victim able to assist

Victim may not be able to assist

Victim unable to assist

Patient CarePatient Care

•Control ABC’sControl ABC’s

•Gentle handlingGentle handling

•Prevent further heat Prevent further heat lossloss

Drowning and the Drowning and the “Golden Hour”“Golden Hour”

•Cold Water Near Cold Water Near DrowningDrowning

•HypothermiaHypothermia

•Mammalian Dive ReflexMammalian Dive Reflex

Factors Affecting Factors Affecting SurvivabilitySurvivability

• AgeAge

• Submersion Submersion TimeTime

• Water Water TemperatureTemperature

• Water QualityWater Quality

• Victim StruggleVictim Struggle

• InjuriesInjuries

• Available BLSAvailable BLS

Manpower & Manpower & EquipmentEquipment

Response planResponse plan•Determined a response plan Determined a response plan

prior to an ice rescue emergencyprior to an ice rescue emergency

•Response plans prepare the Response plans prepare the team for the winter seasonteam for the winter season

Preparing Your TeamPreparing Your Team•TrainingTraining

•EquipmentEquipment

•ResponseResponse

Coordinate Pre-Coordinate Pre-planning With These planning With These

AgenciesAgencies• Dive Rescue TeamDive Rescue Team• Medical ControlMedical Control• Emergency Medical ServicesEmergency Medical Services• Fire ServiceFire Service• Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement• Other agenciesOther agencies

– (Water Control, Rope Rescue Teams, (Water Control, Rope Rescue Teams, Helicopters, etc.)Helicopters, etc.)

Ice Rescue Ice Rescue Equipment Should Equipment Should

Be:Be:•Pre-plannedPre-planned

•Pre-riggedPre-rigged

•AccessibleAccessible

Ice Rescue Ice Rescue Equipment SelectionEquipment Selection

•Safe and effectiveSafe and effective

•Easy to useEasy to use

•DurableDurable

Ice Rescue Suits Ice Rescue Suits OfferOffer

•Thermal Thermal protectionprotection

•BuoyancyBuoyancy

Team equipment

Developing An Developing An Operational Operational

PlanPlan

Use the SANE Use the SANE approachapproach

S - Simple, step-by-step approachS - Simple, step-by-step approach

A - Always have adequate back-upA - Always have adequate back-up

N - Never take chancesN - Never take chances

E - Eliminate the “Beat the ice” E - Eliminate the “Beat the ice” attitudeattitude

CommunicatioCommunication!n!

Establish Victim Contact Establish Victim Contact Immediately!Immediately!

SafetySafetyYou are there because the You are there because the

ice is unsafe…ice is unsafe…Don’t become another Don’t become another

victim!victim!

The safest rescue is The safest rescue is the one where the one where

everyone stays warm everyone stays warm and dry.and dry.

Operational PlansOperational Plans

•Self-rescueSelf-rescue

•ReachReach

•ThrowThrow

•GoGo

Reach

Method

Throw Method

Go Method

Rigging with an Ice Rescue Sling

Modified “Reach”

““Go” Go” using using an ice an ice rescue rescue boardboard

“OK”

Floating litter

Floating litter

Always have a Always have a back-up rescuer back-up rescuer

dressed and ready dressed and ready to assist the to assist the

primary rescuer.primary rescuer.

Row Row MethodMethod

Tools

Ongoing Evaluation Ongoing Evaluation of Rescue Processof Rescue Process

RISK

BENEFIT

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?Questions