Museological News Il Bulletin

of the International Committee of ICOM

for Museology

Stockholm 1988

Nouvelles musologiques Il Bulletin

du Comit international de l'ICOM

pour la musologie

Stockholm 1988

1988 ICOFOM Annual Meeting

Runion annuelle de l'ICOFOM

Contents - Sommaire

Museology boom - or something else ? 1988 : The break-throllgh year of mllseology Editorial by Vinos Sofka 7

Boom musologique - ou autre chose ? 1988: L'anne o perce la musologie Editurial par Vinas Sofka 9

ICOFOM 1988 Meeting place lndia - Point de rencontre rlnde

Welcome tu lndia - Bienvenue en Inde Address by the President of the Museums Association of India Allocution du Prsident de l'Association des Muses de l'Inde _ 13

Faets about India . by/par MLNigam

Quelques faits sur l'Inde _ 17

ICOFOM 1988 Meeting agenda and participants registered L'ordre du jour et participants lnsa'its

Meeting programme - Programme de la runion _ 25

Excursions 29

lJst of participants - lJste des participants _ 33

ICOFOM 1988 Meeting docwnents - Docwnents de la runion

Annual report 1987/1988 to the ICOM Advisory Committee Rapport annuel 1987/1988 au Comit Consultatif de l'ICOM _ 43

ICOFOM long-term programme Programme long terme de l'ICOFOM _

47 55

lCOFOM Triennial Programme 1987 - 1989 Programme triennal de l'ICOFOM 1987-1989 _ 63

.~. ,.-.--...- '~,. .. -:-.~ ..-:-- .. ~-_._----,--- ._--, .. -: .

Internai Rules of ICOFOM - Rglement interne de l'ICOFOM _ 67

Eections 1989 - Les lections 1989 75

ICOFOM and ICOM ProposaI to the AdvisOlY Committee of ICON! on the summary of the ideas, views and recommendations of the Working Groups of the Advisory Committee on the structure and poliey of ICOM and on harmonization of its Statutes and Rules by Vinos Sofka 79

ICOFOM et ICOM Propo~ition adresse au Comit c~-ultatif de l'ICOM concernant le rsum des ides, opinions et recommandations des groupes de travail du Comit consultatif au sujet de la stucture et de la politique de l'ICOM ainsi que sur l'harmonisation des statuts et du rglement par Vinos Sofka 85

ICOfOM 1988 Meeting activities - Activits la runion

ICOFOM symposium 1988 Museology and developing countries - help or manipulation ? Musologie et les pays en voie de dveloppement - aide ou manipulation? by Vinos Sofka _ 99

Create a model museum and museology in China for the developing countries Appeal by AIfonz Lengyel. Fudan Museum Foundation - USA 101

ICOFOMcase studies - testing the theory by practical experience by Vinos Sofka 103

Case Study 1988 - Etude de cas 1988 Cultural po1icy. the heritage, museums and museology in India La politique culturelle, le patrimoine, les muses et la musologie en Inde

Ust of the authors of contributions to the Case study India Uste des auteurs des contributions l'Etude de cas sur J'Inde _ 105

Status and problems of conservation in South and Southeast Asia byO P Agrawal _ 107

Analytical study of the state of museology in India by VH Bedekar _ 113

The storage areas of Indian museums 121by 1K Bhatnagar

Museology in India: Problems and prospects by A Ch Bhowmick 125

Museology in Banaras Hindu University by T K Biswas and 5 K Srivastava 133

Three Tier Training Programme in the Indian Museum in Calcutta bySChakraborti. 137

Cultural policy, the heritage, museums and museology - Case study Orissa ~H CDas _ 141

Training and research in museology at the University of Baroda by R T Parikh _ 153

Psycho--aesthetic approach to museology ln India ______________________ 169by A B Shah

Museology and developing countries - help or manipulation? Case study lndia: A plan of action

______________________ 175byO PTandon

Contnbutions to speeiallopics - Conmbutions des thmes spdfiques

Ust of the authors of the contributions on special topies Uste des auteurs des contributions des thmes spcifiques 181

Engineering works and scaled down models or the industly revealed. "New Deal" and new communication media for the industrial heritage by Marc-A Barblan - Geneva, Switzerland _ 183

On theoretical museology by Renato Cialdea - Rome, Italy 199

On the norrnalization factor of the museum equation by Renato Cialdea . Rome,ltaly _ 213

The content and forrn in the museum exhibition : th e problem of their mutual relation and the designer's responsibility for their accuracy by )erzy Swiecimsl

ICOFOM 1989 ActiVities, meeting places, timetable - Activits, points de rencontre, calendner

ICOFOM Trienntal Meeting: The Hague 1989 Runion triennale de l'lCOFOM: La Haye 1989 281

ICOFOM publications - Publications de l'ICOFOM _ 285

This issue of Museological News has been prepared

by Vinos Sofka, Chairman of ICOFOM with the assistance

oi the Museum of National Antiquities, Stockholm - Sweden

Oosing date: Stockholm, October 31,1988

Ce numro de Nouvelles musologiques a tprepar par Vinos Sofka, Prsident de l'ICOfOM avec l'aide

du Muse des antiquits nationales, Stockholm - Sude

D a t achev Stockholm, le 31 octobre 1988

Museology boom - or something else? 1988: The break-through year of museology Editorial by Vinos Sofka

7

Boom musologique - ou autre chose? 1988: L'anne o perce la musologie Editorial par Vinos Sofka

._._~._0 .__ _o. _ ___.. _. .. _. - ._ .'_ --_0- _ . .._.. _-_.'-_ ..

9

ICOfOM 1988 Meeting place India

Point de rencontre Inde

Welcome to India - Bienvenue en Inde Address by the President of the Museums Association of India Allocution du Prsident de l'Association des Muses de ['Inde

l, on behalf of the Salar Jung Museum, the Osmania

University and the MUseum profession of India, feel

honoured and proud in welcoming the participants of the

. rCOFOM annual meeting for 1988 at this Famous City of

Hyderabad. We, the museologists of India, consider this

International meet as of great historie importance for

two significant reasons. Firstly, it is first-ever

occasion that the ICOFOM is meeting in India and secondly,

the ICOFCM $ymposium for 1988 is primarily aimed at the

development of fresh museological concepts and paradigms

in the developing countries, keeping in mind their fast

changing socio-economic conditions. We are greatly

indebted to the members of ICOFa~ and particularly to

Dr.Vinas Sofka, its Chairman for holding this conference )

in India.

After gaining her Independence in 1947, India has

made commendable progress in all spheres of life. CUlture

is no exception. There are more than four hundred museums

in India to day, devoted to History, Art, Archaeology,

Ethnology, Natural History and other applied sciences.

The courses in Museology, both in degree and diploma

levels, are being taught in various Universities at Baroda,

Aligarh, Banaras, Calcutta, Bhopal and Hyderabad. The

National Research Laboratory for Conservation of CUltural

13

property at Lucknow is doing excellent job in areas of

Research and training of the museum personnel for India

and South-East Asia. The National Committee of ICOM in

India is very active in providing a liason between the

Indian museums and ICOM. The Museums Association of India,

with its large and political membership, is the main

professional body in the country to deal with the profes

sional problems. The Central Advisory Board of Museums,

a body appointed by the Government of India, sets wory~g

norms and provides guide-lines in professional matters to

the Government of India for the betterment and upkeep of

Indian Museums.

It need not, however, be over-emphasised that the

museum-movement is an international phenomenon to colletet,

preserve and interpret the cultural heritage of mankind.

This is a gigantic task which no country can fulfil in

isolation. ICOM, which is an International Councll of

Museums working under UNESCO, provides a common platform

for the Museums and the Museum persorulel of the world,

to improve their professional skill and knowledge.

ICOFOM, being an important Sub-Committee of ICOM, is

devoted to museology. Renee the meeting of ICOFOM in India

at this juncture is of vital significance. Museology, aS a

science, is still in its formative stage. Its concepts and

theories have to be constantly revised and recast from time

to time in order to suit the changed conditions.

In India and so also in other developing countries, a

great socio-econoroic revolution is taking place, though

silently, due to great scientific and technological break

through. Renee, the holding of Annual Conference of ICOFOM,

1988 in India is a very welcome step. It will not only

give a necessary fillip to the museology of the developing

14

countries but viII also provide an opportunity to lndian

museologists to come in contact with the leading Museologists

of the world who are present here today. The City of Hyderabad

is famous througbout for its good climate, rich cultural

heritage and hospitality. l am sure that the participants

coming from abroad will have a comfortable time and enjoy

their stay in Hyderabad. We shall try our best to rise to

your expectations.

JAl HlNDt

Hyderabad, November 1988 Mohan L Nigam

15

",.,

Facts on India - Les faits sur l'Inde by/par M L Nigam

India is known as a sub-continent, being the 7th

largest and 200 Most populous Nation in the worM. It

measures about 3,214 Kms. from ~orth to South and about

1 ,933 Kms. from East to West. '!he total area of the

country is 32,87,782 Sq.Kms. The main land can be

divided into four distinctive regions (1) The great

mountain jone; (2) The Indo-Gangatic planes; (3) The

desert region; and (4) The Southern Peninsula. The

high Mountains of the Himalayas form the Northern

boundary of the country.

Being situated in Soutll East Asia, India i5 sur

rounded by Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan,

Burma, Bangladesh and Srilanka as its adjoining

countries. There are three main seasons - ~) The Winter

Season; (November to March); 2) Summer Season (April

to June/July); and 3) Rainy Season (July to October).

The Weather during October/November is very pleasant.

The total population of the country is around 80

millions.

Pol1tically speaking, India is secular State which

envisages a Republican Parliamentary form of Government.

Delhi, being the capital of the Indian Union Government,

there are State Governments and Union Territories admi

nistering the vast country. In other words, India is

the largest democracy in the world. Indian Constitution 17

is one of the longest written Constitutions of the world.

The 70% of the population still lives in villages, having

agriculture as Its main occupation. Yet, the \~rarian

50 ciety is being transformed into an Industrial one, due

to fast scientific and technological advances taking

place in the country. The literary rate in India is now

about 40%. DelhI, Calcutta, Madras and Bombay are the

maIn Metropolitan cities of India. Hyderabad is the 5th

largest city in the country. India has a great potential

for future development, in view of its very fertile soil,

rich mineraI resources and great man-power.

It need not be over-emphasised that India is now in

the fore-front among the developing Nations of the

world today. In the four decades since Independence,

India has developed trom a largely agrarian society

into one of the world's major industrial nations. Food

productIon has trebled and India is not only self

sufficient in this area but is aIse an exporter of

foodgrains. Keeping pace with the great strides in

science and technology abroad, India is making headway

in advanced disciplines-energy applications, computers,

genetics and space technology. In the drive towards

self-reliance, India's advanced industries and great

reservoir of scientific and technical manpower, ranking

th!rd in the world, provide the base.

While modern India is aIl set to compete with the

technologically advanced nations, it should not be lost

sight of that the civllization of India has a hoary

antiquity. The Indus Valley Civll1zation was one of

the MOSt advanced civl1ization in the third millennium

B.C. and could brast of planned cities, highly developed

18

----_ .._. __ ._'--_.- _ ..-_._-_._---- .-- -~~ .... -"._.---_._-.< ... --_._-------- -- ---- _.

public and prlvate sanitatlon sy-stems and regular dock

yards for sea trade. The Mauryan emperor Ashoka could

conceive in terms of a weltare state in the 3rd

century B.C. Religious teachers like Mahavir and Gautam

the Buddha laid foundations of religious and philosophical

thinking in the 6th century before Christ which continues

to stir the imagination of mankind even today in many

parts of the world.

The concern with reUgion and phllosophy was net an

inapediment ln the way of sclentlflc progress. Indlan

mathematlclans evolved the concept of 'Zero' and the

calculas. The ostronomers dlscovered the orblts of

planets and the real cause of Solar and lunar acllpsed

and the medlcal practltloners llke Shushruta and Charaka

evolved developed systems of mediclne and surgery and

indulged in complex operatlons incmuding the cataract

of the eye. All this happened before the mediaeval

times.

In the fleld of arts and Uterature also India

has few peers. The wall palntlngs of Ajanta, the medieval

minlature palntings of various schools the compassionate

sml1e and looks of couple sculptures the temples of

Khajuraho, Konark and Madurai are all notable achlevements.

Dramas llke Shakuntalam, and the Toy cart and the complex

muslc systems, the Karnataka and' the Hlndustani have

maintained their purity throughout the centuries from

the time the sage Bharata enunciated the principles of

performing arts round about the beginning of the

Christian era.

Equally spectacular i s the fauna of India. More

than 50,000 species of lnsects, 4000 molluses, 6,500

19

other invertebrates, 2000 fish, 140 amphibians, 420

reptiles, 1200 birds, 340 mammals (i.e. 65,000 speclas

of animals) are recorded from this country. The majestey

of elephants, the power of bisons, the agility of deer

and the supremacy of the great one horned rhino;ceros has

to be seen to be believed. Fqually rich and colourful

is the bird life. The peacock is the national bird.

Several other birds like the sheasaints, geese, ducks,

mynahs, parakeets, pigeons, cr~nes, hornbills and

sunbirds inhabit the foreats and wet lands.

Unique among the crocodiles is the gharial which

is the only representative of its order in the world.

Project for breeding crocodiles started in 1974, has

been instrumental in saving the crorodile from

extinction.

The tanperate climate from Kashmir to Kumaon has

the finest pine, deodar and silver fir. The Eastern

Himalayan region has foresta of oaks, lourels, maples,

rhododendrous, alder and birch. The Malabar region

produces important commercial crops, such as coconut,

betelnut, pappar, coffee and tea. Rubber, cashewnut

and eucalyptus trees have also been successfully

introduced in some parts of the region. The floristic

richness of India can be estimated by the fact that

about 45,000 different species of plants occur in this

country.

While the rich flora and fauna of the country ia

a gift from nature the inhabitants of the land have

excelled in handicrafts even in the face of technolo

glcal uniformlty.

20

From course carpets to finest muslins, exquisite

cotton and silk saris, embroidered shawls, Impressive

creation in metals, unglazed and glazed pottery,

fabulous jewellery - heavy tribal or costume or filigree

rugGed or delicate wood work, dolls and puppets are but

a few creations of rich and varied repertolre of Indian

craftsmanship. The main inspiration is tradition handed

down from generations.

21

ICFM 1988 Meeting agenda and participants registered

L'ordre du jour et les participants inscrits

ICOFOM 1988 Meeting programme - Programme de la runion

Place Hyderabad, Varanasi, New Delhi - India

Tune November 19 - December4, 1988

AGENDA Part 1: Hyderabad

Nov 19 mommg 14.00-16.00

16.30-17.30 20.00

Nov 20 10.00

13.30-14.30 15.00-17.00 17.15 20.00

Nov 21 08.30-09.30

09.30-13.00

13.00-14.00 14.00-15.00 15.00-16.00 10.15-17.15 17.30-19.30

20.00

rrival of the meeting participants PreparatOl)' sessions - with Indian meeting organiZers - with hearing discussion leaders and summariZers -with the ICOFOM Board Visit to the Jagadish & Kamala Mitlal Museum Dinner

Registration, distribution of meeting documents at the Salar Jung Museum, Salar Jung Marg. Hyderabad Lunch Visit to the Salar Jung Museum, Director: Dr. Mohan L Nigam InaugurationoftheConieren at the Salar Jung Museum Visit to Raj Bhavan Meeting with the Govemor of Andhra Pradesh at Raj Bhavan Dinner and cultural programme

Meeting with the Vice Chancellor of Osmania University ICOFOM Annual Meeting: Introductorysession at ICSSR Meeting Hall, Osmania University.

ICOFOM symposium 1988: MuseoJogy and developingCOWltries: Help or manipulation? Lunch Symposium: continuation ICOFOM Annual Meeting: Part 1 Visit to the Birla Archaeological & Cultural Research Institute Visit to the }agadish and Kamala Mitlal Museum for delegates who wish Transportation will be made available Dinner and cultural programme

25

Nov 22 08.30-13.00 Symposium: continuation 13.00-14.00 Lunch 14.30-1530 Visits ta the State Museum, Hyderabad 16.00-17.00 lixcursion

Visil ta Golconda Fort The Supetintending Archaeologist, Archaeological SUlVey of India will receive the delegates and show the 17th century fort

17.0G-18.00 Visit to the Qutb Shahi Tombs The Honorable Minister for Toutism, Govemment of Andhra Pradesh, WIll meet the delegates

18.0G-20.oo Demonstration of traditional crafts and fashion show 21.00 Dinner

Noy 23 07.OQ. Excursion Departure for Nagarjunakonda (90 km tram Hyderabad)

10.00 Arrivai at Nagarjunasagar Guest House The Managing Director, Travel and Toutism Department, Department of Andhra Pradesh, will receive the delegates

11.00 Departure for Nagarjunakonda by ferry 12.OQ.14.oo Nagarjunakonda Hill site.

Visit ta the Museum and the Archaelogical site 14.00-15.00 Lunch 15.00-17.00 Nagarjuna Sagar Guest House

Visit ta the ancient ANUPU Stadium and University dating tram the 3rd century

17.00-18.00 Vbit ta the NagaIJunasagar Dam 19.00-21.00 Dinner and cultural programme 21.00 Leaving NagaIJunasagar for Hyderabad 24.00 Arrivai Hyderabad

Noy 24 OS.3ll-13.30 Symposium : continuation, and conclusions 13.3ll-14.30 Lunch 14.3ll-19.30 Free 20.00 Farewell dinner

Nov 2S 07.00 Excursion Departure for Warangal Thousand Pillar Temple, Fort, Museum and Etur Nagaram Wild life sanctuary

22.00 Retum ta Hyderabad

Noy 26 06.00 Delegates leaving for Hyderabad Airport 07.45 Aight for Varanasi via Delhi 09.30 Stop over in Delhi 11.00 Aight to Varanasi

'".- _. -_.-.._" .._---- ..-_ ... ~ -. -,'--. ~ 26

AGENDA Part II: Varanasi.

Nov 26 14.40 ArrivaI at Babatpur Airport, Varana:.i 16.00 ArrivaI at lodging 18.00-20.30 Inauguration of the Conference: Welcome and introductions

Cultural programme 21.00 Dinner

Nov 27 09.30-13.30 ICOFOM case study 1988: India The heritage, musewns, museology and the Indian cultural poHey Panel discus~ion on the Status of Museology in India Presented by authorities in India on cuhure, museums and preservation of the cultural heritage

13.30-14.30 Lunch 14.30-17.30 Visit to the Ramnagar Palace Museum and

the American Institute of Indian Studies 17.30 Boat trip on the Ganges river with mu~ical concert and dinner

Nov 28 09.30-13.30 Case study India : continuation 13.30-14.30 Lunch 14.30-20.00 Freetime 20.00 Dinner

Nov 29 08.00-19.00 Excursion Vbit ta the A11ahabad Museum Prayag - holy conlluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers

20.00 Dinner at Varanasi

Nov 30 09.30-13.30 ICOFOM Annual Meeting: Part II 13.30-14.30 Lunch 15.00 Visits ta the Weavers' Service Centre and

the Archaelogical Museum, Samath 20.00 Dinner

Dec 1 10.00-12.30 Case study India: continuation Recommendations and conclusions

14.00-20.00 Free time 20.00 Dinner

Dec2 08.00 Departure for New Delhi by IC 485

27

AGENDA Part III: New DeIhi

Dec2 moming 15.00

Arrivai of delegates trom Varanasi Visit to the National Museum of Natural History Reception for the delegates by the Museum

Dec3 09.30-13.00 SWlUuilig up the national and intemationalexperience Reports by discussion leaders and summarizers Panel discussion on

13.00-14.00 14.00-15.00 1530-16.30 1630-17.30 20.00

Problems, prospects and challenges of museology in developing countries Common efforts of developing and developed countries to advance and promote museology Working lunch Drafting of conclusions and recommendations Presentation and adoption of the Meeting Document ICOFOM AnnuaI Meeting: Part DI - cJosingsession Farewell dinner, hosted by the Ministry of the Environment & Forests

Dec 4 Departure for home or discovery trips of India

During the stay in India the following activities will be inserted in the agenda: meetings of the ICOFOM Board (November20, 28 or December1) meetings of the ICOfOM working groups (November 24, 28 or December 1) meeting of the symposium discussion leaders and summarizers (Nov 19, 20 and 26)

28

ICOfOM 1988 Excursions - Les excursions

In order to give you sorne idea about the excursions

during the ICOFOM Conference in India, the first excursion

at Hyderabad will be to the important museums and local

site seeing. Apart from the Salar Jung Museum, there is

a State Museum which has a very rich collection of

sculptures, coins, paintings and decorative arts of the

region. The collection ranges from 2nd C, B.C. to 19th

century A.D. Another important museum at Hyderabad is the

Birla Archaeological Museum which is again a multi-purpose

museum controlled by one of the leading industrialist

houses of the country.

Apart from the museums, the delegates will also see

the Golkonda fort which was established during 16th

century A.D. It was at the end of 16th century A.D. that

the rulers of Qutb Shahi kingdom built the fort and also

laid foundations of the city of Ayderabad. Golkonda fort

is one of the most impregnable and important forts of the

country. It was later conquered by the Mughal emperor,

Aurangzeb during the latter half of 17th century A.D.

The fort exhibits old devices regarding lifting of

water to higher altitudes during the 17th century A.D.

A number of ancient arts and crafts, construction

technique and the mode of war fare during the medieval

era can be understood by visiting the fort.

-- -. - ~...,..-.-~~ .~ ~-- ...,---.- -.-"'-'",- . ,.- -_ -- ~-- . 29

Adajcent to the Golkonda fort, there are tombs

of the Qutb Shahi rulers bonging to 16th-17th

century A.D. These tombs are the finest examples of

magnificent Indo-Persian and Indo-Turkish architecture.

Trip to Nagarjunakonda:

The delegates will be taken to Nagarjunakonda which

is about 90 Kms. from Hyderabad. Nagarjunakonda is an

ancient Buddhist site which was excavated, showing the

highly developed culture of 2nd-3rd century A.D. The

Buddhist monasteries, the Stupas, University and a

stadium were unearthed to highlight a highly developed

culture of the region during the first two centuries

after the Christ. When the area was being sub-merged

under water for the construction of a Dam for irrigation

purposes, the entire site and antiquities were shifted

and planted over a hill where a beautiful museum has.

been constructed. The delegates will be visiting the

Dam site, and also the beautiful museum on the hill

reaching through the boat-ride.

Excursions at Varanasi:

Varanasi is one of the ancient most cities of

India situated at the river Ganges. It is a place where

the old traditions, customs, arts and crafts are still

practised. The delegates will be taken to another city,

which is about 200 Kms. called Allahabad. There is one

of the finest museums and also a big fort belonging to

16-17th century A.D. The next excursion from Varanasi

will be to another world famous archaeological site,

Saranath. Saranath is an ancient historical place

3D

-,-.----~-.,._-:-~. ~.--..,.. ..";'"-o:;~. -~-.~.- _.- . _.-."--- ------".-. ~._.. '-". -- -." -

http:-.~.-_.-.

where Buddha, the founder of the Buddhist faith, had

preached his first Sermon. A large number of Buddhist

monasteries, stupas, and monastic establishments are

still present in situ. There is a very interesting

museum housing the excavated material from the site.

The earliest Stupa, which was constructed during 3rd

century B.e. and further enlarged and beautified

during 5th century A.D., is still standing there. The

sculptural art of Saranath is at its best to exhibit

the delicate modelling, perfect execution and artistic

excellence of the Indian sculptors. The lion capital

which is depicted on the National Flag of India is

taken from one of the sculptural representations at

Saranath. It need not be over-emphasised that the

delegates after seeing the monuments, historical

places and the township of Hyderabad and Varanasi

will have adequate knowledge of the richness of

Indian culture both in the northern and southern

regions. At Varanasi, the delegates will also have

a pleasant boat ride in the Ganges which is an

experience in itself.

31

ICOfOM 1988 List of participants at the meeting Liste des participants la runion

ParticiI2ants in I2erson

AgrawaI, Om Prakash India

Araujo. MarceloMattos Brazi)

Amoldus- Schrder. Victorine Netherlands

Bagchi, Samar Kumar India

Barreto. Maria de Lourdes Horta llrazil

Bedekar. Vasant H, Dr India

BeDaigue, Mathilde France

Bellini von Graevenitz, UI Uruguay

Bhatnagar. 1K, Dr [ndia

Bhowmicl; Atul Chandra, Dr [ndia

Biswas, T K, Dr [ndia

Bruno, Maria Cristina Oliveira Brazil

Carrillo. Rosario Spain

Otakraborti, Shyamalkanti [ndia

Costa,Alda Mozambique

Director, National Research Laboratory for Conservation E/3, Aliganj Scheme, Lucknow-226 020

Head, Department of Museology, Museo Lasar Segall Rua Alfonso Celso 362/388, 04110 sao Paulo - SP

Director, Volkenkundig Museum "Gerardus van der Leeuw" Nieuwe Kijk in 't Jatstraat 104, 9712 SL Groningen

Director, Birla Industrial and Technical Museum 19 A, Gurusaday Road, Calcutta 700 019

Fundaao Nacional pro Mem6ria Av. Rio Branco 46, 20090 Rio de Janeiro

Professor of Museology, M S University of Baroda Pushpa Baug. University Road, Baroda 390 002

Olef, Centre de Documentation, Laboratoire de Recherche des Muses de France, Palais du Louvre, 75001 Paris

Casa de la Cultura de Carrasco Ueja 6927 Carrasco, Montevideo

PrOject Officer, Regional Conservation Laboratory Palace Complex, Mysore 570 001

Professor of Museology, University of Calcutta Centenary Building. Calcutta 700 073

Joint Director, Bharat Kala Bhavan, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005

Professor, Museu de Pr-Hist6ria Paulo Duarte, Universidate de sao Paulo, Sao Paulo

ATtist and Museologist, Consultant to Spanish museums Pez Volador 26-10 B,28007 Madrid

Keeper of Education, The [ndian Museum 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Calcutta 700 016

Dp!. de Museos, Dir. Nacional do Patrimonio, Ministerio de la Cultura, Casa de Ferro, Maputo

~ ~._.., __, "'0"" ._.... _o.', "."___ ..... ... .. _ ..~ -'-'-'~'

33

Das, HaIish Chandra SupeIintendent of Museums, Orissa State Museum India Bhubaneswar 751 014

Decarolis, Nelly Vice Direetor, DirecCi6n Nacional de Museos Argentina Jus E Uriburu 1216, III, 1114 Buenos Aires

Desva1les, Andr Conservateur en Chef des Muses de France France 49, rue Philippe Triaire, 92000 Nanterre

Desvalles, Mme. 49, rue Philippe Triaire, France 92000 Nanterre

Dowling de Garre, Grace Museologist, ICOM Argentina Argentina Marcelo T de Alvear 2084, 1122 Buenos Aires

Fonnan, Vera Regina L Fundaao Nacional Pr6 Mem6ria Brazil Rua dos Acadias, 101 Apt 704, Rio de Janeiro

Ghose, Saroj, Dr Chairmal\ National Committee of ICOM for India India Direetor, National Council of Sdence Museums

19 A, Gurusaday Rd, Calcutta 700 019

Gorakshbr, Sadashiv, Dr Direetor, Prince of Wales Museum of Western India India Mahatma Ghandi Road, Fort Bombay 400 023

Harmarayana, Nilam, Dr Direetor of Museums, Government Museum India Egmore, Madras 600 008

Kamalakar, Gundepudi, Dr Assistant Direetor, Birla Museum [ndia Asmangadh Palace, Malakpet, Hyderabad 500 036

Khan, Iftikhar Alam Head, Department of Museology India Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Khan, Rahmat Ali Keeper, Salar Jung Museum India Salar Jung Marg. Hyderabad 500 lJ02

Khitsane,N Curator, National Museum Lesotho Maseru

Krishna Sastry, V V, Dr Direetor of Archaeology and Museums India Government of Andhra Pradesh, Gun Foundry,Hyderabad

Maeng. In Jae President, Korean Folk VlIlage, 109 Pora-ri, Kihung-up Korea Yongin-gun, Kyonggido, Seaul

Masao, Fidelis T Direetor, National Museum of Tanzania Tanzania PO Box 511, Dar-es-Salaam

Mensch, Peter van, Ors Lecturer of theoretical rnuseology, Reinwardt Academie, Netherlands De Sitterlaan 108, 2313 TS Leiden

Mukela, Manyando Chairman, Zambian National Committee of ICOM Zambla OIreetor, Moto Moto Museum, PB420 230 Mbala

34

Nair. S Madhavan, Dr Direetor, National Museum of Natural History India Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110001

Nash, Suzanne Documentalist Sweden Blockhusvagen 52, 183 86 Taby

Nigam. Mohan LoI, Dr President, Museums Association of India OIreetor, Salar Jung Museum Salar Jung Marg. Hyderabad 500 002

Olofsson, Elisabeth Curator, Wasavarvet Sweden Katarina bangatan 51, 116 39 Stockholm

Parikh, R T, Dr Head, Department of Museology, M S University of Baroda India Pushpa Baug. University Road, Baroda 390 002

~ Junj, Dr Editor in Chief, Sovietskij Muzej, USSR Smolenskaya-Sennaya P10scad 27, Ill, 119121 Moskva

Rao. Manjushree Keeper, Birla Museum, Birla Instihlte of Art and Music India P a Salpura Bhavan, Bhopal 462 004

Scharer. Martin, Dr Pr:.ident, Association des muses ~'Uisses, Switzerland OIreetor, Almentarlum,

Quai Perdonnet - rue du Lman, 1000 Vevey

Scharer, Esther Switzerland CH-lOGO Vevey

Scheiner. Tereza Moletta Coordinator of Commumcations, Mem6ria da Eleetricidade Brazil Professor of Museology at the University of Rio de Janeiro

Rua Peri, no. 299/301, 22460 Rio de Janeiro

Scheiner, Leonardo Rua Peri, no. 299/301 Brazil 22460 Rio de Janeiro

Schreiner. Klaus, Dr sc Oireetor, Agrarhistorisches Freilichtmuseumm German Democratie Republic DDR-2601, AIt Schwerin

Shah, Anita Bharat, PhD Scholar in museum education, asmania University India 4-3-538 Hanuman Tem, Hyderabad 500 195

Shastri, N H Curator, Sardar Patel University Museum India P B No. 10 Vallabh Vidyangar 388 120, Gujarat

Srivastava, S K Bharat Kala Bhavan India Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 DOS

Sofka, Vino~ Dr Chairman, International Committee of ICaM for Museology Sweden Head, Dept. for Museum Coordination and Development

Museum of National Antiquities, Box 5405,11484 Stockholm

Sola, Tomislav, Dr Professor of museology, University of Zagreb YugoslaVia Oireetor, Musejski Dokumentacioni Centar

Mesnicka 5, 41000 zagreb 35

~. - -'.. ~ --" .., .... ~. -',-,.' "-".'-. :- ,---...... ." '." .,.:.- -_ ..-.- _.- .-. _ - ...... -_.".. -. -

StnfnskY. Zbyn/!k Z, Dr Czechoslovakia

Tandon, am Prakash India

Turpin, Gerard France

Venegas.Haydee E Puerto Rico, .USA

Vieregs Hildegard Federal Republic of Gennany

Wamulungwe, Patnck L zambia

Director, Unesco International Sumrner School of Museology al the Umversity J E Purkyne in Brno Head, Department of Museology, Moravsk Muzeum, Smetanova 14, 602 00 Brno

Officer on Special Duty, Banaras Hindu University Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi 221 DOS

Chef de l'audio-visuel, Direction des Muses de France Palais du Louvre, Pavillion Mollien 75001 Paris

Director, Concultura Box 628 El Seflorial Sta. RP, PR 00926

Bayerische Staatsgemaldesammlungen Geranienslr. 78012 Ottobrunn-Riernerling

Curator, Railway Museum Chishirnba Falls Road, P 0 Box 60124, vingstone

NB: Only the Indian colleagues who sent registration fonns to Stockholm are listed. Participants registered in India are not known at the lime of prinhng.

Listed as of : 31 October 1988

36

'-"--'-'~~-'---'.""""''''''.-'.-~ ._- -'-'.-."'- .,-'" ~_ - " ---- - ".- - ,. ---~.~-",

.Partiipants in spirit

Abnrno, Barbara Brazil

Assogba. Romain-Philippe Bnin

Astesiano, Mariana Argentina

Barblan, Marc-A Switzerland

Barrosde Taramasco, Isabel Argentina

~,Josei

Czechoslovakia

Bitge dit Manga. Blaise France

Calonne, Caroline Canada

Cialdea. Renato, Dr [taly

Depoorter, Ingrid Belgium

des Portes, Elisabeth France

ForeDad i Domnech, Dolors Spain

Ghafouri, Mehdi Canada

Quzitislci, Wojciech Poland

GmhmannBon:hers, Walter Chile

Grote, Andreas Dr Federal Republic of Germany

Huchard, Ousmane Sow Sngal

Coordenadoria Acervos Museologicos Fundaao Nacional pr6 Mem6ria, 9a Diretoria Regional - sao Paolo

Conservatuer Muse d'Histoire de Ouidah - Ouidah

Museologist, Direcci6n Nacional de Museos Buenos Aires

Historian and museologist, Cultural Engineering Developer Geneva

Subsecretaria de Cultura de la Municipalidad de Bahia Blanca Bahia Blanca

Museologist, former Secretal)',Division of Cultural Heritage Ministry of Cult1Jre of the CSR - Praha

Muse national des arts et traditions breville, Gabon

Museologist Montral, Qubec

Professor of Physics Universit degli St1Jdi di Roma "La Sapeinza" - Rome

Dienst Beeldende Kunst en Musea, Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap - Brussel

Assistant SecretaI)' General of [CDM Maison de l'Unesco - Paris

Directeur du Museu d'art de Sabadell Sabadell, Catalunya

Architect, Lord Cult1Jral Resources Planning and Management Montral, Qubec

Curator, Muzeum Narodowe Wroclav

Conservador, Museo Naval y Maritimo Valparaiso

Director, Instit1Jt for Museumskunde Berlin West

Directeur, Muse Dynamique Dakar

37

Jensen. Villy Toft Denmark

Kaplan, Rora S, Dr USA

lConar, Alpha Oumar Mali

Lancman, Eli Israel

Laumonier, Isabel Argenlina

LengyeJ. Alfonz USA

Makambila, Pascal

Direetor, Museumstjenesten Viborg

Professor of museology Direetor, Museum Studies Program, New York University New York

Professeur, Institut suprieur de formation et de recherche Bamako

Direetor, Museum of Japanese Art Haifa

Professeur d'anthropologie, Muse des Sciences Sociales Umversit de Buenos Aires - Buenos Aires

Professor of Museology. Fudan University, Changhai, China President, Fudan Museum Foundation - Albler, PA, Usa

Directeur, Muse national congolais Rpublique Populaire du Congo Brazzaville

Maranda, Lynn Canada

Marepo EDe, Saroi Papua New Guinea

Mey, Wolfgang Federal Republic of Germany.

Miguel i Serra, Domnec Spain

Marrai i Romeu, Eullia Spain

Nicolas, Alain France

OIsson, Tomas Sweden

Omar, Hamad Hassan Tanzania

Pear, Susan M Great Britain

Prsler, Martin Federal Republic of Germany

Quintero, Gemma Mexico

Curatorial Department, Vancouver Museum Vancouver, British Columbia

Direetor, National Museum and Art Gallelry Boroko

Curator, Unden-Museum Stuttgart

Conseiller des Muses de Uvia Sant Cugat deI Valls, Catalunya

Direetor, Museu Textil Terassa, Catalunya

Conservateur, Dpartement des arts africains et ocaniens Muse de la Vielle Charit, Marseille

Curator, Bohuslans Museum Uddevalla

Direetor of Museums, Archives and Tourism Zanzibar

Senior leeturer of museology, Department of Museum Studies University of Leicester, Leicester

Museologist Tbingen

Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de Mxico MxicoDF

38

Riley, Barbara Solomon Islands

Rusconi de Meyer, Nonna Argentina

Sousa franco, Matilde Portugal

SpieIbauer, Judith K USA

~uJef, Petr Czechoslovakia

Swiecimslci, Jerzy Poland

Vahlqust, Gudrun Sweden

Weil, Stephen E USA

WhitIock, John J USA

Wolf, Arthur USA

Xie, Margaert Camey USA

Zouhdi, Bachir Syrie

Cultural Affairs Advisor Gizo, Westem Province

Directora dei Museo de histolia y ciencias nal1.lrales de Bahia Blanca, Bahia Blanca

Director, Palacio Nacional de Sintra Iisboa

Leeturer of anthropology and museology Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

Museologist at the Department of museology Moravsk Museum, Bmo

Lecturer of museology, Jagiellonian University Head, Exhibition Section, Institut of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences - Krak6w

Department Head, Swedish Council for Cultural Affairs Stockholm

Deputy Director, Hirshhom Museum and Sculputre Garden Washington, DC

Director, University Museum and Museum Studies Program 50uthem Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois

Director, Nevada Stale Museum and Historical Society Las Vegas, Nevada

Director, Blanden Memorial Art Museum Fort Dodge, Iowa

Directeur, Muse National de Damas Damas

39

ICOfOM 1988 Meeting documents - Documents de la runion

Annual report 1987-1988 to the ICOM Advisory Committee Rapport annuel 1987-1988 au Comit Consultatif de l'ICOM

Stockholm July 1, 1988

1 Present composition of the Committee

(a) O1ainnan (h) Secretartes

(c) Executive Board CEB) O1ainnan and Secretaries Vice O1ainnen

Members

(d) Working Groups (WG) Peunanent WGs Programme WG

Publication WG Information WG

Temporal)' WGs Tenninology WG

(e) Numberot membersot ICOFOM as June 1987

as June 1988

Countrtes per continent

Vinas SOFKA, Sweden Math1lde BEllAIGUE, France Tomislav SOLA, Yugaslavia JUdith SPlELBAUER, USA

asabove Nelly OECAROlJS, Argenlina Soichlro TSURUTA, Japan Peter van MENSCH, Netherlands Rosarto CARRIllO, Spain Andr OESVALLEES, France Villy Taft JENSEN, Denmarl< Eullia MORRAi, Spain Klaus SCHREINER, GOR Zbynek Z STRANSKY, Czechaslovalda

Coordinators Villy Taft JENSEN, Denrnarl< Rosarto CARRILLO, Spain Vinas SOFKA, Sweden Peter van MENSCH, Netherlands

Klaus SCHREINER, GDR

361 in aD from 61 countries 172 of these were voling members 551 in aD from 7D countries 233 ot these are veling members

Atrica 14 Amertca - North 2 Amertca - South & Central 14 Asia 16 Australia & Pacifie 3 Europe 21

43

2 Actiyjtiesl987l1988

The last report presented on July 1, 19'Ol comprised the perlod 1986/1m. It included also plans or preparations for actlYlties to he can1ed out in 19'07/1988 and the years to come.

2.1 FoIJoWing actiyjtjes were i'h!!lIIplished between July 1.19'07 and June 30. 1988;

a) Meetjnp

o ICOFOM tenth annual meeting held on Septemher 6 -16, lm, in Fmland and Sweden (attendance ca. 50 -110 participants according to activity and location) W1th..

o symposium Museology and Museums in Helsinki (1 introductorypaper, 40 basic papers, 12 comments, 4 analytic summarles and 2 conclusions)

o seminal' on The need for museology in Helsinki (10 contributions) o seminal' on National museum documentation cenbes - corner stones

of an international maseum documentation networt 7 in Stockholm (11 contributions)

o case studies on Cultural poHcy, museums, monuments and museoIogy in Finland and in Sweden, in Helsinki and Stockholm (8 contributions)

o disOlssjQll eveningon A ~ dilemma:Texts in maseum exhibitions ln Stockholm; Joint session wIth the Postmuseet (4 contributions, 1 comment)

o dLcrnssjQll matine on Iwo innovative projeds: "SAMDOr and "Model Sweden"in Stockholm; joint session w1th the Nordislca museet (2 contributions)

o museum visits, study of special projects and excursions.

(h) Other actjyjtjes

o publication of two issues of lCOFOM Study Series, nos. 12 and 13, w1th preprlnts to the symposium on Museology and Museums (317 and 249 pages), and one Issue of the infonnation bulletin Museologtcal News, no. 10 w1th ail papers for the seminars and case studies in Helsinki and Stockholm as weil as contributions to other activlties (320 pages).

Efforts were made to obtain completing grants in order to cany out prlnting of no. 3 of Museological Wortlng Papers.

o participation, on invitation, of official ICOFOM representatives in several international activlties concemed w1th museology matters : in Austrla, March 1988, at the conference on museology and museum pedagogy

(3 representatives) in Finland, April 1988, by leading a museology training course (1 rep.) in Sweden, Aprll 1988, at the symposium What is museology? (4 rep. and 3 collab.) in the Federal Republic Germany, May 1988, at the joint symposium (ICOM FRG,

Austr1a and Swltzerland) on Museologie - neue Wege, neue Zlele (3 rep.) in the German Democratic Republic, May 1988, at the Joint symposium (GDR and

USSR w1th participation from Bulgarla, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavla) on Museen und Museologie ( 1 rep.)

ln Iceland, May 1988, at the ICOM-Nord meettng (Denmark Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) - (1 rep.)

in Zambia, June 1988, at the Regional ICOM meeting of the SADCC countrles (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe; observer from Namibia) - (2 rep.>

44

o establlshment and / or consolldatlon of national or reglonal museology groups ofICOFOM in Argentina, Brazj~ GDR and USA

U Followfng act1vities have been pn:pared duting the period ;

o ICOFOM eleventh annual meeting, to be held November 20 to December 3,1988 in India, Hyderabad and Varanasi, ~

o symposiwll on Museology and developing oowlbies: heIp or manipulation? o seminar On the state of the art of museology ln India, o case study on Cultural policy, the heritage. musens and museology ln India,

a joint act10n with the Indlan authorities and ICOM Indla, and o museum visits, excursions and study of museologicaJ projects

o publication of 2 issues of ICOFOM Study Series, nos. 14 and 15, with preptints to the symposium 1988, and of one Issue of the Information bulletin Museologlcal News, no. 11, with aIl the papers for the planned seminar and case study ln India

o partidpatlol\ on Invltatlol\ of ICOFOM representatives ln International actMties concemed with museology rnalters : in Czechoslovakia, August 1988, at the Unesco Summer University of Museology

in Brno (3-4 lecturersl ln Goeece, October 1988, at the conference on saving the local cultures on the small

Greek Islands, and in China, November 1988, at the ICOM Asia &Padfic Regional Conference (1 rep.l

4 Relations wtth other 01 &fIlliLatlons

have been promoted by initiating and keeping contacts in general with professiona) bodies Inside and outside of ICOM and officers responsible, and in particular when preparing joint act1vities to be held during the period 19ffl/1988 as weil as in the coming years.

In ICOM, the Commlltee was represented at the AdvisOlY Committee's meetings and, as observer, at those of the Executive Caundl; five members of the Commlltee weree elected members of the Executive Coundl.

The ICOFOM Chalrman partidpated ln the work of the Worldng Group of the AC on structure and policy of ICOM and, in the position of Coordinator, in the Working Party of the AC on harmonization of Statutes and Rules of ICOM; he worked out the draft Discussion paper on the malter presented for the AC session in 19'Ol, Comments on the document 'Ol/ SEC33 of November 19ffl concemlng the procedures for elect10n for the Executive Caundl meeting in December 19ffl and the Summaty of the prindpal ideas, views and recommendations of the WG-S&P and WG-Stat for the AC session in 1988.

5 Future pmjects

ln addition to the preparations for the E1eventh annual meeting of rCOFOM, the following projects are also being planned, dlscussed and prepared :

45

o organization of the ICOFOM Triennial Meeting in 1989 in the Netherlands, ln conjunction with the General Conference of ICOM wIth. symposium on Forecasting . a museological tool7

o realization of the 5econd museology worlcshop (negotiations with the inviting Institutions ln the GDR)

o organization of regional museology meetings completed with semlnars on current museology matters (discussions with Argentina, Brazll and Cuba and sorne Central American countries )

o estabUshment of collaboration ln museological projects with unlversitles in different countries

o setting up of an lnterdlsdplinaJY research project in museology on the international level

o increaslng coordinated collaboration with National and International Commlttees ofICOM

o ensuring continued publication of ICOFOM Study Series, the information bulletin Museological News and the sdentific revue Museological Worldng Papers

o worldng for understanding for an urgent review and updating of ICOM aims, policy and structure accordlng to the development of society and its current and future needs , and of establlshlng of methods and regulations whlch are ln acoordance with this pursuil Continued collaboration on these matters in the bodies of ICOM Is foreseen.

Dr Vlnos Sofka Chairman of ICOFOM

46

ICOfOM long-term programme Programme long terme de l'ICOfOM

1.0 Objectives and their Accomplishments

1.1 The objectives of the ICOFOH long-term program are to contribute to the fulfillment of the Committee's aims. as expressed in the InternaI rules of ICOFOH and in the document ICOFOH aims and policy. by initiating and guiding the coordinated study and dissemination of museology. its theory. methods. and methodology. place in the system of sciences and application (museocraphy). and by establishing forms. procedures and conditions that organize and conduct such activities.

1.2 In order to accompl1sh these objectives with the greatest effectiveness the Committee will attempt, whenever possible:

1.21 to encourage its members to participate actively in the Committee's work.

1.22 to expand participation through collaboration with similarly oriented groups and organizations.

1.23 to incorporate experts from outside the Commi t tee and the profession.

1.24 to extend access to the Commit tee' s scientif1c activities by non-participants through publication of relevant materials.

1.3 To achieve these objectives. the following means will be used:

1. 31 symposia 1.32 lectures 1.33 workshops 1.34 publications 1.35 museological exhibitions

1.4 The long-term program is designed to facilitate the overall work of the Commi t tee by s ta ting the framework and pri ncipal guidelines for the Committee's scientif1c activities in the field of museology and by providing the structures necessary to accomplish them.

The long-term program contains within itself the basis for formulating the mid-term or triennial program and the short-term or annual program.

2.0 Symposia

2.1 The annual ICOFOH symposium has been established as a place for direct discussion and debate of museological questions.

2.2 Symposium topic

2.21 To provide for an effective coordination of the Many potential topies and to respond to the need for growth and development of museology, the long-term symposia plan coneentrates on the understanding of the dynamic relationships among the Museum or related forms. the object. and society from the museological perspective.

47

2.22 The symposium topics. delineated in the triennial program. will address each year. in an ordered cycle, one part of this tripartite relationship. Topics will be chosen on the basis of an assessment of the resul ts of the preceding triennial program and on the current state of worldwide museological development. and '0'111 aim te further scientific study in museology. (See Appendix I: Suggested Symposium Topics.>

2.3 Symposium preparation

2.31 The Chairlllan and a program working group are responsible for establishing, an organizational outline of the specifie symposium topic designated in the triennial program and for providing basic direction for the p~ticipants in order to encourage a cohesive and concentrated discussion.

The topic outline will be as comprehensive as possible and include. when appropriate, such aspects as theory. methodology, terminology. history, and applied museology.

2.32 Invited authors from the Committee's membership. the museum profession. museological institutions and associated disciplines '0'111 be requested to contribute papers and to form a nucleus for the topic development and symposium discussion. When possible, these authors will be selected within sufficient time for them to coordinate their work.

2.33 The basic papers and subsequent comments will be duplicated and distributed in the ICOFOM Study Series to the symposium participants prior to the meeting.

2.34 The symposium format will be adjusted according to the needs of the topic and the lessons learned from past experience and will be deterlllined in advance of the meeting.

2.4 Symposium sessions

2.41 The symposium is held in conjunction with an ICOFOM annual meeting.

The Symposium is presided over by the Committee Chairman or an expert appointed by him after consultation w!th the appropriate working group.

2.42 The primary focus of the symposium is the discussion of the topic among the authors present, with the direct participation of the audience.

It is organized in the form of a hearing, under the direction of one or several discussion leaders. appointed by the Chairman of the symposium. The discussion leaders see that ide as and views of those authors not present are also taken into consideration.

In order to fac11itate an effective discussion, the symposium topic is broken down into sub-topics to be discussed separately.

48

The discussion of each sub-topic is closed by conclusions formulated by the appropriate discussion leader. The symposium is closed by a conclusion presented by the symposium Chairman.

2.43 Intormation about the symposium. the discussion and its conclusions will be presented in appropriate ICOFOM publi cations. preterably the journal Museologieal Working Papers. If possible. abstracts of the symposium papers will also be published there.

3.0 Lectures

3.1 Lectures provide the possibilities ot exploring new ideas, conditions and difficulties in the field and trom the; perspective ot museology.

3.2 Lectures are l'lot bound by the corresponding symposium topic and are focused specifically on issues of current interest or urgent concern. (See Appendix II: Suggested Lecture Topics.)

3.3 Lectures otfer the opportunity to benetit from the unique circumstances aftorded by the host country and its institutions to present case studies.

As each country brings a special perspective to museology based on past and present museum experiences and interests. lectures presenting museums and museology in the host country will vary each year in accordance with the possibilities available.

3.4 The Chairman, in consultation with a program working group will determine the topics and organize the lecture presentation in conjunction with the host institutions and invited speakers.

3.5 In order to make the knowledge and experience presented in the lecture available for non-participating ICOFOM members. and also to other museum people, the possibility of publishing the text of the lecture in some of the ICOFOM publications will always be considered.

4.0 Publications

4.1 ICOFOM views publication as an important activity and will persist in i ts efforts to maintain past comroitments and te develop new effective and efficient means of serving the museum community.

Current and proposed forms of ICOFOlof publications include the journal Museological Working Papers. the pre-prints ICOfOM Study Series. and the bulletin Museologieal News.

4.2 Museological Working Papers (MuWoP)

4.21 The journal Myseologieal Working Papers is an international forum for debate of issues in museology.

4.22 The primary organizing principle of MuWoP is to approach topics in a three set sequence of invited basic papers. open comments and debate, and assessment by a select group of experts appropriate to the topic.

49

4.23 The topics are designed to contribute to the logical development and understanding of museology as a scientific discipline.

The topics are chosen by the appointed Editor in consultation with a publication working group.

(See Appendix III: Past and proposed topics for Huseological Working Papers.)

4.24 In order to broaden the perspective presented in the journal and to increase the potential impact of the journal on the museum profession. sections on publications and reviews, information on symposia. conferences and meetings as well as research and technological news from other fields have been included. The.introduction of additional sections to the content will be considered.

4.241 A terminology section. This section will relate to the papers presented in the journal or to other activities of the Committee. It will allow the authors to define the terms that are important to the understanding of their work and provide the reader with relevant comparative material. The aim will be to contribute, by working out glossaries and defini tions. wi th the assistance of a terminology working group, to develop a standardized museological terminology.

4.242 A history of museology section. Experts will be invited to write a series of papers on the general history of museology or a historical study relating to the topic presented in that volume.

4.243 A translation section. This section will permit papers originally published elsewhere to be translated into French. English or both depending on the original language. These papers would be relevant to the themes being debated or be significant contributions to the field of museology.

4,.25 The journal is bilingual. printed in the two languages of ICOH. English and French.

4.26 The preparation. printing and financing of the journal will be under the directions of the Editor and a publication working group (Editorial Board). These individuals will be chosen according to ICOFOH policy and rules.

4,.3 ICOFOH Study Series (ISS)

4.31 The preprints' ICOfOH Study Series serve two purposes and are intended to increase museological understanding and communication among the membership and interested individuals and to provide a foundation for the Committee's scientific activities and symposium discussions.

4.311 This series presents in unedited and linguistically unckecked form in English or/and in French form. the basic papers and comments by the authors for each ICOFOH symposium.

50

~.312 This series May, additionally, present collections of papers submi tted on topics of interest to the Comroi t tee members. Such volumes May be background studies for symposium or lecture programs or workshops planned or May take up independent themes.

~.32 The series is prepared and published under the direction oC the Committee Chairman as Editor in consultation with a program working group.

~.~ Museological News

~.~1 MuseolQgical News is the ICOFOM informational bulletin and serves as a s tandardized form of cQrrespondence to the membership and Qther interested individuals.

~.~2 It is publish"ed twice annually, in English and French, under the directiQn of the CQmmittee Chairman as the EditQr and in cQnsultation with an informatiQn wQrking grQup.

~.~3 The content Qf each volume is variable and is determined by CQmmittee aotivities at that time, including a11 infQrmatiQn pertinent to annual meetings. thei)' preparatiQn, CQmmittee dQouments, prQPQsals, oQnclusiQns and assessments. texts Qf leotures presented at meetings and membership lists.

5.0 ICOFOM MuseQlQgy WQrkshQP

5.1 The workshQP prQvides an Qpportunity fQr olQse interaotiQn and oQnoentrated analysis Qf speoifio museologioal issues.

5.2 WQrkshops May be initiated by Cowmittee members and developed by the Commi t tee Chairalan in oonsultation with an appropriate program wQrking group. and the hQst oountry representative.

MuseolQgioal WQrking Papers uses the wQrkshQPs as an effective me ans Qf oQmpleting the final assessment of the issues discussed in the journal.

5.3 Regional workshops inorease the degree of membership partioipation in the Commit tee 's aotivities by providing the opportunity to meet looally to disouss positions. problems and proposals fQr presentation at the" annual meetings of the Commit tee.

5.~ Agreements Qn workshop arrangements with host countries are madc and participants at the workshops are invited by the Committee Chairman after consul tation with the apprQpriate working grQUP or. as tQ Mul/oP, its Editor and EditQrial Board.

6.0 Other Forros

6.1 Huseology exhibitions

6.11 In an effort to faollitate oommunication within the prQfession as to ourrently avallable publications. the Committee will investigate the possibility of establishing an exhibition of museQlogioal publioations from around the world in conjunotion with the ICOH General Conference and Assembly.

51

6.12 Huseums. governmental agencies. educational institutions and publishing houses will be asked to send copies of pertinent publications to this exhibition.

6.13 The study and possible organization of such an exhibit will be done by a special working group appointed by the Commit tee Chairman and under the guidance of the ICOFOM Hanagi ng Grou p.

6.2 Other forms of carrying out the programs of ICOFOM will be considered and established according to the proposed activities and needs as they arise.

7.0 Accomplishment of ICOFOH long-term program

The organizational base for carrying out the long-term program. as well as the mid- and short-term programs. 1:1 given by the ICOFOH structure as regulated in Internal rules of ICOFOH. It comprises the Chairman, Board and officers of ICOFOM. and appointed working groups.

The fulfilment of the approved long-term program is followed up at the annual meetings of the Comittee.

Amendments and changes of the long-term program have to be proposed to the plenary session of ICOFOM at its annual meeting. and approved by the mewbers present.

8.0 This long-term program has been approved by the plenary session at the ICOFOM triennial meeting in Buenos Aires. Argentina. on October 1986

. _, .. ,... __ ,_'0._.' ~ .. _~_ .._.~ . ..,_

52

Appendix 1: Suggested Symposium Topics (Ref. 2.2)

1. The Museum and Society

1.1 Developing a significant l'ole for museums within the society of the future.

1.2 Non-tradi tional museum and community functions of the museums.

1.3 Museology: manipulation or help? 1.4 Museums and the non-visitor. 1.5 Museological perspectives and visitor expectations.

2. The abject and the Museum

2.1 Museums, monuments. archives. and libraries: common aims or separate ways?

2.2 Determining significancej collection criteria. 2.3 Intangible objects: do they exist for museums? 2.4 The museological perspective of conservation limits: what,

, when, where, how. who. and why? .2.5 Preservation versus access.

3. The abject and Society

3.1 The educational impact of objects. 3.2 Proxemics and museum communication. 3.3 Signs. symbols and concepts: Semiology and museology. 3.4 Croup dynamics in museum communication. 3.5 Criteria for presentation: information. effect 01'"

influence?

Appendix II: Suggested Lecture Topics (Ref. 3.2)

1. Museology. the inspiration for the future of museums. 2. Has futurology anything to offer museology? 3. Newest trends in museology. 4. Introducing new technology into museum work. 5. Museums as an ecological milieu. 6. Huseology--when and what before? 7. Museology and social integration. 6. Huseology and urban integration.

Appendix III: Past and Proposed Topics for Museological Working Papers (Ref. 4.2)

1. Museology--Science or Just Practical Museum Work (Vol. 1). 2. Interdisciplinarity in Museology (Vol. II). 3. The abject of Museology (Vol. III). 4. The system of museology. 5. Museum collecting activities: theoretical problems. methods and

cri teria. 6. The museum--a research institute. 7. The museum--an information banK. 6. The museum--a mass medium?

53

Programme long terme de l'ICOFOM

1.0 Les objectifs et leur ralisation

1.1 Les objectifs du programme long terme lCOFOM sont de contribuer atteindre les buts du Comit, tels qu'ils sont exprims dans le rglement interne de l'ICOFOM et dans le document "Buts et poli tique de l'ICOFOM" : en lanant et en dirigeant l'tude coordonne et la diffusion de la musologie, de sa thorie. de ses mthodes, de sa mthodologie, de sa place dans le systme des sciences, de son application (musographie). et en instaurant des modalits, des processus et des conditions permettant d'organiser et de conduire ces activits.

1.2 Afin de raliser ces objectifs avec le maximum d'efficacit, le comit essaiera le plus possible

1.21 d'encourager ses membres participer activement au travail du Comit,

1.22 d'accroitre la participation par des collaborations avec des groupes et des organisations aux orientations similaires,

1.23 d'intgrer des experts extrieurs au Comit et la profession,

1.24 d'tendre l'accs aux activits scientifiques du Comit aux non-participants l'aide de la publication des documents appropris.

1.3 Pour atteindre ces objectifs on pourra avoir recours aux moyens suivants

1. 31 symposia, 1.32 confrences, 1. 33 ateliers. 1.34 publications. 1.35 expositions musologiques.

1.4 Le programme long terme est destin faciliter l'ensemble du travail du comit en tablissant un cadre de travail et des lignes directrices pour les activits scientifiques du Comit dans le domaine de la musologie ainsi qu'en fournissant les structures ncessaires leur ralisation.

Le programme long terme contient en lui-mme les bases permettant de formuler le programme moyen terme, ou triennal. et le programme court terme, ou annuel.

2.0 Symposia

2.1 Le symposium annuel de l' lCOfOM a t cre pour tre un lien de discussion directe et de dbat des questions musologiques.

2.2 '!hme des symposia 55

2.21 Afin d'arriver une coordination efficace de ces nombreux sujets possibles et de rpondre au besoin de croissance et de dveloppement de la musologie, le programme long-terme des symposia porte essentiellement sur la comprhension des relations dynamiques entre le muse et ce qui lui est li, l'objet et la socit prise dans une perceptive musologique.

2.22 Les thmes des symposia, dfinis dans le programme triennal se rapporteront chaque anne, sous forme d'un cycle organis, une partie de cette relation triangulaire. Les thmes seront choisis d'aprs les conclusions du programme triennal prcdent et en fonction de la situation de la musologie dans le monde. On devra aboutir une progression de l'tude scientifique en musologie (V. annexe l : thmes suggrs pour les colloques) .

2.3 Prparation des symposia

2.31 Le Prsident et le groupe de travail-programme sont responsables de la dfinition du thme spcifique du symposium projet dans le programme triennal et des directives de base communiques aux participants pour permettre une discussion cohrente et dense. Le contour du thme sera aussi ouvert que possible et comportera, si ncessaire, des aspects comme la thorie, la mthodologie, la terminologie, l'histoire et la musologie applique.

2.32 On demandera des auteurs invits parmi les membres du Comi t, les professionnels de muse, d' institutions musologiques et de disciplines associes, de fournir des communications et de constituer une cel.lule charge du dveloppement du thme et de sa discussion au symposium. Ces auteurs seront, autant que possible, choisis suffisamment l'avance pour qu'ils puissent coordonner leurs travaux.

2.33 Les mmoires de base et leurs commentaires seront reproduits et distribus dans lCOFOM Study Series aux participants au symposium avant la runion.

2.34 La forme du symposium sera dtermine en fonction des ncessi ts du thme et de l'exprience acquise, et cela avant la runion.

2.4 Sessions du symposium

2.41 Le symposium se tient lors des runions annuelles de l' lCOFOM.

Il est prsid par le Prsident du Comit ou un expert qu'il a dsign aprs consultation du groupe de travail concern.

2 . 42 Dans le symposium, l'accent sera mis en priorit sur la discussion du thme entre les auteurs prsents, avec la participation directe de l'auditoire.

Le symposium est organis sous forme d'audition sous la direction d'unou plusieurs rapporteurs dsigns par le Prsident du sYmposium. Les rapporteurs veillent ce que les ides et points de vues des auteurs non-prsents soient galement pris en considration.

56

Afin de faciliter une discusion fconde, le thme du symposium est divis en sous-thmes examiner sparment.

La discussion de chaque sous-thme se termine par des conclusions formules par le rapporteur concern. La conclusion du symposium est prsente par son Prsident.

2.43 Les informations concernant le symposium, la discussion et les conclusions seront prsentes dans les publications lOOfOM appropries, de prfrence dans la revue "Documents de travail pour la musologie". On y publiera si possible galement les rsums des communications du symposium.

3.0 Confrences

3.1 Des confrences offrent la possibilit d'explorer des ides, des conditions et des difficults nouvelles du domaine et des perspectives de la musologie.

3.2 Les confrences ne sont pas lies au thme du symposium correspondant et se rapportent des problmes spcifiques d'intrt courant ou d'urgence. (V. Annexe II : Thmes suggrs pour les confrences).

3.3 Les confrences donnent l'occasion de profiter des circonstances uniques offertes par le pays d'accueil et ses insti tutions pour prsenter des tudes de cas. Claque pays apporte la musologie une perspective spcifique, fonde sur les expriences et les intrts passs et prsente des muses, les confrences relatives aux muses et la musologie du pays d'accueil diffreront chaque anne en fonction des possiblilits.

3.4 Le Prsident, en accord avec le groupe de travail-programme dterminera les thmes et organisera la prsentation de la confrence en liaison avec les institutions d'accueil et les orateurs invits.

3.5 Afin de rendre les connaissances et l'exprrience prsentes dans la confrence accessibles aux membres de l'IOOfOM nonprsents, ainsi qu' d'autres personnes de muse, on envisagera toujours la possibilit de publier le texte de la confrence dans l'une des publications de l'IOOfOM.

4.0 Publications

4.1 L'IOOFOM considre la publication comme une activit importante et persvrera dans ses efforts pour maintenir les engagements pris -dans le pass et dvelopper des moyens nouveaux et efficaces au service de la communaut musale.

Les formes actuelles et proposes pour les publications de l' lOOFOM comprennent : la revue "Museological Working Papers" CDocurnts du Travail pour la Musologie) les preprints lCOFOM Study Series et le bulletin Nouvelles musologigues.

_________________ 0 __

57

4.2 ". Museological Working Papers - MuW:>P "

4.21 La revue" Museoloqical Working Papers - MuWoP "est un forum international o l'on dbat des problmes de la musologie.

4.22 Le premier principe de MuNoP est d'approcher les thmes au cours d'une squence en trois temps : mmoires de bases, commentaires et dbat, conclusions par un groupe choisi d'experts concerns par le thme.

4.23 Les thmes sont destins contribuer au dveloppement logique et l'intgration de la musologie comme discipline scientifique. Les thmes sont choisis par l' diteur dsign en accord avec le groupe de travail publications. (V. Annexe III : Propositions de thmes paSses et venir pour MuWoP ) .

4.24 Afin d'largir la perspective prsente dans la revue et d'en accrotre l'impact potentiel sur la profession musale, on y a incorpor des sections sur les publications et revues, des informations sur les colloques, lectures et runions, des nouvelles sur la recherche et la technologie dans d'autres domaines. L'introduction d'autres sections sera envisage.

4.241 Section termonologie. Elle concernera les arti cles prsents dans la revue ou d'autres activits du Comit. Elle permettra aux auteurs de dfinir les termes importants pour la comprhension de leur travail et donnera au lecteur un matriel comparatif pertinent. Le but sera de contribuer, par l'labcration de glossaires et de dfinitions et avec l'aide d'un groupe de travail-terminologie, dvelopper une terminologie musologique commune.

4.242 Section histoire de la musologie. Des experts seront invits produire une srie d'articles sur l'histoire gnrale de la musologie ou une tude historique se rapportant authme prsent dans le numro. en question.

4.243 Section traduction. Cette section donnera la traduction en franais, en anglais, ou dans les deux langues, d'articles originellement publis ail leurs. Ces articles se rapporteraient aux thmes discuts ou seraient des contributions signifi catives dans le domaine de la musologie.

4.25 La revue est bilingue, imprime dans les deux langues de l'ICOM, l'anglais et le franais.

4.26 La prparation, l'impression et le financement de la revue seront dirigs par l'diteur et un groupe de travail-publication (bureau ditorial). Les personnes seront choisies conformment la politique et au rglement de l'ICOFOM.

58

4.3 ICOFOM Study Series (ISS)

4.31 Les preprints lCOFOM Study Series ont deux objectifs : accrotre la connaissance et la communication musologiques entre les membres et les personnes intresses et fournir une base aux activits scientifiques et aux discussions en symposium.

4.311 ces series prsentent, en anglais et/ou en franais, sous forme non publie et dans leur langue d'origine, les mmoires de base et les commentaires des auteurs chaque symposium.

4.312 Ces sries peuvent en outre prsenter des collections d'articles sur des thmes intressants soumis aux membres du Comit.

De tels ouvrages peuvent constituer un fond d'tudes alimentant les programmes des symposia, des confrences ou des futurs ateliers.

4.32 Les sries sont prpares et publies sous la direction du Prsident du Comit en temps qu' diteur en liaison avec un groupe de travail-programme.

4.4 Nouvelles Musologiques.

4.41 "Nouvelles Musologigues" conti tue le bulletin d' information de l' lCOFOM et la correspondance commune adres~ se aux mew~res et d'autres personnes intresses.

4.42 Il est publi deux fois par an, en anglais et en franais, sous le direction du Prsident du Comit en tant qu' di lEur et en liaison avec un groupe de travail information.

4.43 Le contenu de chaque numro varie selon les activits en cours du Comit et comporte toute information relative aux runions annulles, leur prparation, aux documents du Comit-propo.sitions, conclusions et questionsaux textes des confrences prsentes aux runions ainsi qu'aux listes des membres.

5.0 Ateliers de Musologie de l'ICOFOM.

5.1 Les ateliers sont des occasions d'interaction troite et d'analyse approfondie de questions musologiques spcifi ques.

5.2 Les ateliers peuvent tre lancs par des membres du Comit et dvelopps par le Prsident en liaison avec le groupe de travail-programme appropri ainsi que le reprsentant du pays d' aCQ.leil.

5.3 Les ateliers,dans des Rgions varies,accroissent la parti cipation des membres aux activits du Comit en leur fournissant l'occasion de rencontres locales o discuter les positions , les problmes et proposions pour les runions annuelles du Comit.

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59

5.4 C'est le Prsident du Comit, en liaison avec le groupe de travail appropri ou, pour "MuWoP - !4useological Working Papers " l' di teur et le Bureau cti torial, qui ngocie les accords et les arrangements avec le pays d'accueil ainsi que les invitations des participants ces ateliers.

6.0 Autre forme d'activit.

6.1 Expesition de musologie.

6.11 Afin de faciliter la communication l'intrieur de la profession en ce qui concerne les publications d'obtention courante, le Comit examinera la pessiblit d'une expesition des publications musologiques du monde entier en liaison avec la C'"lnfrence G~nrale et l'Assemble Gnrale de l'ICOM.

6.12 Il sera demand aux muses, aux agences gouvernementales, aux institutions ducatives et aux maisons d'ducation d'envoyer cette exposition des exemplaires de publications pertinentes.

6.13 On examinera et on laborera d'autres moyens de dvelopper les programmes de l'ICOFOM en fonction des acti vits propeses et des besoins qu'elles soulvent.

7.0 Ralisation du programme ICOFOM long terme.La base d'organisation peur mener bien le programme long terme, ainsi que les programmes moyen et court termes, est donne par la structure de l'ICOFOM dfinie par le rglement interne de l'ICOFOM. Elle comperte le Prsident, le Bureau et les respensables de fonctions de l' ICOFOM ainsi que les groupes de travail.

8.0 Le programme long terme a t approuv en session plnire lors de la runion triennale de l'ICOFOM Buenos-Aires, Argentine, en octobre 1986.

60

Annexe l : 'Ihmes de colloque suggrs (Rf. 2.2.)

1. Le Muse et la Socit.

1.1 Dveloppement d'un rle significatif des muses dans la Socit future.

1.2 Muse non-traditionnel et fonctions des muses envers la communaut.

1.3 Musologie: manipulation ou aide? 1.4 Les muses et le non-public. 1.5 Perspectives musologiques et attentes du public.

2. L'Objet et le Muse.

2.1 Muses, Monuments, archives et bibliothques : objectifs communs ou voies diffrentes ?

2.2 La dtermination du sens ; les critres de collection. 2.3 Objets immatriels : quelle existence pour les muses .! 2.4 Perspective musologique des limites de la conserva

tion : quoi, quand, o, cunent, qui et pourquoi ? 2.5 La conservation face l'accessibilit.

3. L'Objet et la Socit.

3.1 Impact pdagogique des objets. 3.2 Proxemics et cununication musale. 3.3 Signes, symboles et ides: smiologie et musologie. 3.4 Dynamique de groupe et communication musale. 3.5 Critres de prsentation : information, effet ou influ~

ence ?

Annexe II : Thmes de confrence suggrs

ICOfOM Triennial Programme 1987-1989 Programme triennal de l'ICOfOM 1987-1989

1. At the triennial meeting in Buenos Aires in 1986, ICOfOM approved its long-term programme. In the framework of this programme, the following medium-term triennial programme for the years 1987-1989 has been formulated.

2. The Committees activities will be

2.1 annual meetings in 1987 in finland and Sweden in 1988 in Africa, tentatively Zambia, and in 1989 in the Netherlands, the place of the 15th General Conference

of ICOM

and in connection with them

2.2 symposia in 1987 on Museology and Museums in 1988 on Museology and the Third World - help or manipulation?, and in 1989 on forecasting - a museological tool?

2.3 joint sessions in 1987 with the National Committees of ICOM and the national museum

associations of finI and and Sweden in 1988 with the National Committee of ICOM of the host country, and

on the regional level other African National Commit tees of ICOH in 1989 with the National Committee of ICOM and the national museum

association of the Netherlands, as weIl as some of the International Committees on the themeof the General Conference, or some other topic of mutual interest

At the sessions, on national levels, the continuation of case studies on cultural policy, museums and museology will be given priority.

2.4 lectures on current museological ~tters given by experts from the host countries, and on topics of their special interest, as weIl as of urgency for museums and the museum profession.

The following themes are proposed for examination, assuming that the specialists with the necessary qualifications can be found:

Behind the times : introducing new technologies in museum work Museums and communication Educational impact of objects Criteria for presentation Museum language What has futurology to offer museology?

furthermore, at other points in time

2.5 museology workshops on the assessment of MuWoP themes 2 and 3 in 1987 and 1988, assuming that hosting organisations and Committees be found willing to coyer the costs of accomodation and, if possible, travel costs too of the experts invited

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On the occasion of museology workshops the possibility be taken of arranging meetings, seminars etc. with the experts of the hosting country, as weIl as regional meetings.

2.6 continued publication of the bulletin Museological News/Nouvelles musologigues, including lecture programmes at lCOrOM meetings as weIl as contributions on current museology matters written for ICOrOM

of the preprints ISS - ICOrOM Study Series with two issues for each symposium or workshop, and

of the scientific review MuWoP - Museological Working Papers with at least two issues per triennium, on the condition that the necessary funds be recived

2.7 exhibitions on museological items, especially museological litera

ture, arranged in connection with ICOrOM meetings

2.8 increased information on ICOM aims, policy and activities, as weIl as current museological news

2.9 efforts to increase and deepen collaboration with ICOM Committees and professional institutions and organisations in the field of museology, as weIl as other sciences, especially with universities and their departments of museum studies

2.10 proposaIs to initiate research projects on museology matters, es-' pecially on the future development of the human society and the role of the museum in the expected changed relations; on the introduction and use of modern technologies in society and their use in museum work; and interdisciplinary relations in museology and multi disciplinarity in museum work

2.11 endeavours to increase the membership and to activate it, in parti cular in the Committee's activities as weIl as in ICOM matters

and finally

2.12 participation in the work of ICOM and its bodies as weIl as in common activities of the Organisation aimed at carrying out ICOM's policy and activity programmes

3. The Chairman and the Board of the Committee

will meet at least once a year in order to fulfill their tasks according to the InternaI Rules of ICOrOM and the adopted programme.

Between the meetings of the Board, the Chairman makes aIl necessary decisions and takes the measures needed to implement them

He keeps contact, by aIl available means, with the Board and asks it for advice, particularly when matters of substantial significance for ICOrOM are to be decided

4. The Working Groups of ICOrOM

appointed or confirmed at the triennial meetings, take care of planning, preparing and carrying out the activities and measures which have been agreed and according to the division of tasks within ICOrOM made between the Chairman of ICOrOM and the Coordinators of the Working Groups.

64

The Working Groups keep, by aIl means available, the contact necessary to carry out their duties.

5. The fuI filment of the Triennial Programme

is carried out as agreed and under the responsibility of the bodies or officers entrusted with or appointed to the task.

The follow-up will be made at each annual meeting of the Committee and measures taken to ensure or confirm it.

6. This Triennial Programme of ICOfOM covers the period November 1966August 1969.

It has been approved by the Triennial Meeting of ICOfOH on October 1966 in Buenos Aires, in conjunction with the 14th General Conference of ICOH.

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65

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Internai Rules of ICOFOM - Rglement interne de l'ICOFOM

Article 1

The Commit tee shall be known as ICOl1 International Commiltee for Huseology (ICOrOM) and shall be a body of the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

Article 2

The activities of the Committee shall be governed by the ICOH Statutes, by the Rules of Procedure for the International Specialized Bodies of ICOM (doc. 75/Ex. 11), and by these Rules.

Article 3

) The aims of the Commit tee shall be those stated in Section III and Article 20 of the ICOM Statutes. The Committee shall:

(a) advise on the establishment of ICOM's program,

(b) carry out this program within the area of its specialization,

(c) be a forum for cooperation and exchange of experience between museum professionals in the field of museology,

(d) constitute a body for consultation and a resource of professional expertise for ICOM's operational activities.

Furthermore the Committee shall aim to

(e) establish museology as a scientific discipline and stimulate the museological research,

(f) follow the main trends of museology and encourage critical analysis of them,

(g) assist in the development of museums and the museum profession, and for this reason study their role in society, their activities and their functions.

Article 4

Members of ICOM have the right to JOln the Commit tee, subject to the conditions stated in Articles 10, 12, 31 and 33 (e) of the ICOM Statutes.

Article 5

The Comrnittee shall be composed of:

- regular members (individual members or representatives of institutional members of ICOM)j

- non-regular members (individual members of ICOM who are already regular members of another International Committee)j

- co-opted members, as definedin Article 6 below.

Only regular members of this Committee shall have the right to vote, as stipulated in Article 31 of the .ICOM Statutes.

67

Article 6

The Committee, 'following the decisions of the Board, can co-opt persons who provide professional services to museums, but who cannot be members of ICOH according to the conditions laid down in Article 9 (c) of the ICOH Statutes. The coopted members should follow the fundamental professional code of ethics on which the policies and activities of ICOH are based. According to Article 14 of the ICOH Statutes persons who buy and sell cultural property for commercial purposes cannot become coopted members.

The number of coopted members should not exceed 10% of the total regular membership of the Committee.

Article 7

Individual and institutional members of ICOH wishing to join the Committee shall apply directly to its Board. The decision on the application made by the Board, must be approved by the plenary meeting of the Committee.

The Chairman or Secretary of the Committee shall inform the ICOH Secretariat and the relevant National Committee about the application.

Article 8

The Board of the Commit tee shall be composed of not less than five members and up ta thirteen members.

AlI 80ard members must be regular members of the Committee.

Article 9

The Board shall represent as many geographical regions as possible. No more than two Board members may be elected from the same country.'

Article 10

Board members shall be elected in plenary session of the Committee for a period of three years. Regular members attending the plenary session elect the Board members. Regular members a~sent from the session may authorize another member of ICOH ta vote on her/his behalf after presentation of a written ,prolSY.

AlI candidates for the Committee's Board shall be made known ta the members of the Committee at least three months prior ta the day of voting.

Article 11

The officers of the Committee are the Chairman, one up ta three Vicechairmen and one up ta three Secretaries.

The Chairman of the Committee will be elected directly by the regular members attending the plenary session of the Committee. The Board appoints the other officers from among the elected members of the Board.

No officer or Board member shall remain in the same post for more than six consecutive years.

Article 12

In accordance with the programme of activities adopted by the Committee at its triennial meeting, the members shall propose ta the Board the constitution of working groups. Each working group shall elect a coordinator from among its members. 68

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Article 13

In order to fuI fil its aims and in particular to respond to the needs of the ICOM membership in a given region, the Committee may convene meetings at the regional and sub-regional levels.

Article 14

The Chairman of the Committee shall receive an annual report from the coordinator for each working group. The Board shall review at the time f each ple