icold the role of infrastructures meeting needs in the … · the role of infrastructures meeting...
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Dakar 2010
Enrique Cifres, Dr.EngChairman of ICOLD Tech.Committee
“Role of dams in the development of River Basins”
ICOLDThe role of infrastructures meeting needs in the Basins
Dakar 2010
ICOLD was established in Paris on 6th July 1928.
88 member countries
>10,000 individual members
over 500 international experts in 24 Technical Committees
>140 publications
•Today the International Commission on LargeDams (ICOLD‐CIGB) remains the world’sleading non‐governmental internationalorganisation that provides a forum for theexchange of knowledge and experience in damengineering.
•ICOLD is now focused on the disseminationof dam technology for the betterment of thedeveloping countries.
•ICOLD leads the profession in setting
standards and guidelines to ensure thatdams are built and operated safely,
efficiently, economically, and are
environmentally sustainable and
socially equitable
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<80‐90’s
Structural measures
90’s
Non structural measuresJust management
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Conflictos
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Year 2000: WCDMDG
Year 2003: II‐WWF Kyoto
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<80‐90’s
Structural measures
90’s
Non structural measuresJust management
Late 90’s and XXIst cent
Both plus proactive strategies
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Duality between developed and developing countries’context.
Dams can play a decisive role on the development of the yet unlucky communities which are hoping to reach better living standards in developing countries. Perhaps this role could be similar to that that dams played in the past in already developed countries. Opportunity to improve projects.
Past mistakes- lessons for the future
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Developed context
•Lot of dams•Few more sites for reliable new dams •Progress no longer depends on dams•Population and water demand are stable•Ability to un‐couple economic growth from water resource utilization. •National interest has been replaced by individual comfort.•Constitute wealthy communities that can afford to pay more for food. •Many of their major cities are settled by lakes or to the sea, or at least enjoy wetter conditions and less severe droughts.•Furthermore the cost of desalination of sea waters is now competitive with fresh water resources.
Underdeveloped context
•Lack of infrastructures•Population and increased demand growth . •Water demand would increase even quicker.•The access to clean water and sanitation services, adequate health care and education and other fundamental requirements for a satisfactory quality of life are already lacking.
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Popu
latio
n
Wat
er re
sour
ces
(104m3/day)
Dams constructed in the Tone river
Aveage discharge of Tama river
Water resources
Population
(million person)
Water for Tokyo
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0
50
100
150
200
250
1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 19900
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Publ
ic s
uppl
y w
ater
(%)
Infectious disease patientsPublic supply water
Infant mortality rateIn
fect
ious
dis
ease
pat
ient
s(10
3 per
son)
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
(%)20
15
10
5
0
25
:1,8 millones de niños de todo el mundo (900.000 en el África subsahariana) mueren a consecuencia directa de diarreas y otras enfermedades ocasionadas por aguas contaminadas y por un saneamiento insuficiente.
Dakar 2010
DAMS´S PURPOSE
IRRIGATION; 38%
HYDROPOWER; 18%WATER SUPPLY;
14%
FLOOD CONTROL; 14%
RECREATION; 8%
NAVIGATION AND FISH FARMING; 3%
OTHERS; 5%
50.000 LARGE DAMS IN OPERATIONSMALL DAMS : 1 MILLIONTHE TOTAL RESERVOIR CAPACITY: 8,300 KM3
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ROLE OF DAMS•IRRIGATION: 17 % ARABLE LAND
40% OF TOTAL WORLD CROPS.
•DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
•FLOOD MITIGATION.
•HYDROPOWER: 20% ELECTRICITY
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Storage per capita
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DAMS´S INDICATORS‐HUMAN DEVELOPMEN INDEX (HDI)
3621
1000 953
1445
19.5
11,39,3
1,70
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
>900 800-900 700-800 <700
HID*1000
M3
PER
CA
PITA
L
0
5
10
15
20
25
NU
MB
ER P
ER M
ILLI
ON
M3
PER
CAPITA
NUM-
PER
MILLIONChina446m3
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WATER AND ELECTRICITY POVERTY
Lack of sufficient renewable water and hydropower resources is not the crucial factor in water and electricity accessibility
• In many cases, storage is a viable option, and given the current circumstances (a need for responsible development in the context of changing world, etc), increasing storage capacities is a major imperative.
• Storage should be utilized as a tool to drive development, taking into account the socio‐economic and environmental impacts.
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PAPEL DE LAS PRESAS EN LA REGULACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HIDRAÚLICOS: KM3 / AÑO
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ICOLD ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ICOLD recommends the management of the existingdams and the construction of new dams to remainwithin the context of Integrated Water ResourcesManagement, taking into account theirimplementation within a framework of sustainabledevelopment, and adhering to the following basiccriteria:
• Technical, Economic and FinancialFeasibility• Sustainable Development. Compatibilitywith the Environment• Social and Political Acceptance
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El RETO ÉTICO
MEDIO AMBIENTE
NECESIDADESOBJETIVO
PRECIO
ACEPTABLE?SOSTENIBLE?..
ACEPTABLE?SOSTENIBLE?..
JUSTO?ÉTICO?
INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON THE RÔLE OF DAMS IN BASIN DEVELOPING AND MANAGEMENT
Dakar 2010
Potentiel hydro‐électrique
dans le monde
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Con el impulso de la CIGB se firmó en Paris en 2008 una Declaration Mundial Común para apoyar :
“Les Barrages et l’Hydro‐électricité pour le
Développement Durable de l’Afrique”
UA Union Africaine CME Conseil Mondial de l’ÉnergieICID Commission Internationale pour
l’Irrigation et le DrainageIHA Association Internationale de l’Hydro‐
électricitéUPDEA Union des Producteurs et Distributeurs
d’Électricité AfricainsICOLD Commission Internationale des Grands
Barrages
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« La liberté politique est insuffisante quand on manque d’eau.
La liberté politique est insuffisante quand on manque d’électricité pour lire la nuit,quand on n’a pas d’eau pour irriguer sa ferme,quand on ne peut pas attraper de poisson pour nourrir sa famille.
Pour ces raisons, le combat pour le développement durable est aussi important que le combat pour la liberté politique.
Ces combats peuvent se mener ensemble comme ils peuvent s’anéantir mutuellement »
Nelson Mandela
Dakar 2010
Dr. Enrique CifresChairmanICOLD Committee on “Role of dams in River Basin Management”
Thank youMerci beaucoupMuchas gracias