ics 131: social analysis of computerization lecture 4: social aspects of technical questions part i
TRANSCRIPT
Social Aspects of Technical Questions: Code
• Key Ideas– The processes and products of computer
programming involve many social issues.– These issues influence how the processes
proceed and what products can be made.
Code: Explicit Goals
• Write software that can be used to do something.
• Do so quickly.
• Create tools that can be
employed in an efficient
and usable way.
Code: Potential Implicit Goals
• Maintain job security.
• Keep management in the dark.
• Circumvent the law.
• Demonstrate own prowess.
• (Sometimes these are explicit…)
Code: Assumptions
• Java, for example…– English speaking– Has eyes, hands and fingers– Has access to power, food, etc.– Good at math/science/logic– Computer literate– Not all of these must be true, but most usually
are…
Code: Stakeholders
• Programmers who use the language
• IDE programmers
• Family/Friends
• Clients
• Society
Code: Impacts
• Gender• Last year
– UCI as a whole = 49.7% female– UCI ICS Undergrad: 825 male/117 female =
12.4% female– UCI ICS Grad: 210 male/62 female = 22.8%
female
• Why?
Why Fix It?
• Make current products better by utilizing a diverse perspective on existing problems.
• Conceive of new products that a diverse group of people are interested in.
• Make products that a diverse group of people can use.
Unlocking the Clubhouse
• Jane Margolis & Allan Fisher
• Computer science claimed by men, ceded by women
• Female students more interested in applications, less interested in “geek mythology”
How to Fix It?
• CMU study– the entering enrollment of women in the undergraduate
Computer Science program at Carnegie Mellon has risen from 8% in 1995 to 42% in 2000
• Ada Byron Research Center
• Women in Computer Science
Code: Impacts
• Race/Ethnicity– Among the 1999 recipients of computer science bachelor degrees
from Ph.D. granting institutions in US & Canada, only 4% were African-American and 4% Latino/a. Such low numbers are found elsewhere, as African-American and Latino/a students together make up less than 7% of the high school advanced placement computer science test-takers nationwide. In 1999, only 7 California African-American female high school students took the AP CS exams (out of a total of 455 female test takers), 24 African-American males (out of 2501 males), 21 Mexican-American females and 52 Mexican-American males.
– Source: http://www.tcla.gseis.ucla.edu/divide/politics/margolis.html
My missed opportunities
• Had a Vic 20 when I was 7, but the books had typos…
• Took computer programming in 6th grade, but it didn’t stick…
• Finally learned how to code when I was 24.
Public Understanding of Code
• Lynn Stein says “It is important that the general public understand something about the nature of the computational infrastructure on which they are increasingly dependent.”
• Agree or disagree?
Topic for Discussion
• Consider a programming language that is based on a language other than English (Spanish, Mandarin, American Sign Language, etc.)?
• Questions:– What kinds of programs might it be used to write?– What would the code itself look like?– What would the process of creating it be like?– How would society be different?
Key Ideas
• The metaphor underlying a computational system affects how it will be used.
• A good metaphor can help frame how people approach a system, and inspire developers to produce certain kinds of software packages.
• Metaphors have limited life spans.
A Metaphor
• Examples from poetry/literature– My love is like a red, red rose.
Robert Burns (Listen)– All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players
They have their exits and their entrances;
William Shakespeare (from As you like it 2/7)
What a Metaphor Gives You
• Way of harnessing previous experience to help understand current interaction
• Inspiration for other directions
What things need to be in place for a metaphor to be relevant?
• Previous experience
• New technology, or rethinking of old technology
• Connection between them.
What are the problems with metaphors?
• Inspirational at first, constraining at the end.
• The better they are, the more entrenched they become and the more constraining they are.
A Computer Is Like a Typewriter
• Keyboards
• Text
• Printing
• What other
expectations?
• What problems?
A Computer Is Like a Whole Desktop
• Good for work
• Writing letters/papers
• Some communication channels
• Move things around it
• What other expectations?
• What problems?
A Computer Is Like a Notebook
• Carry it with you
• Put text in it
• Other expectations?
• What problems?
Croquet
• What is/are the metaphor(s)?
• What expectations do they build up?
• Problems with
their metaphors?
A Debate• Which makes a better metaphor for computational
systems: “a computer is a social partner” or “a computer is a tool”?
• You may be asked to defend either side.• Be prepared to defend against the other side’s arguments.• When possible, use examples from the reading to support
your arguments.
• Please take 5 minutes to discuss with your neighbors (preferably different neighbors than last Tuesday).
And our lucky contestants are...
…come on down front!
JUNG, SOON CHULKOO, KENNETH SUNANMANDELL, SAMUEL HERSCHELMORIKAWA, CHASE MAKOTOPARSONS, GREGORY NIELARTUNYAN, GRAYRBARZABAL, BYRON DAVIDCHEUNG, ANDREW CHI CHONFULKERSON, JEFFREY JAMESLERNER, PAVEL S.LIN, PHILEMON S.