ict and human rights: freedom of speech and privacy

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ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy Proposed amendments to the Telecommunications Law, and the Draft Citizens’ Privacy and Security Protection Law 22 November 2016

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Page 1: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Proposed amendments to the Telecommunications Law, and the Draft Citizens’ Privacy and Security Protection Law

22 November 2016

Page 2: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

1. Elements of the 2013

Telecommunications Law

which weaken protection of

human rights, including

s66(d).

2. Lack of legal framework for

‘lawful interception’

3. Draft Citizens Privacy and

Security Protection Law

(CPSPL)

Three related issues …..

၁။ ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစ ဆကသြြယေရးဥပေဒရ ပဒမ ၆၆(ဃ) အပါအဝင လ႕အခြငအေရးကကာကြယေပးမႈအားနညးေသာ အခကမား

၂။ “တယလဖနး ဆကသြယမႈမားကၾကားျဖတနားေထာငျခငး (Lawful Interception)” အတြက လအပသညဥပေဒဆငရာသတမတခက မရျခငး

၃။ ႏငငသားမား၏ ပဂၢလဆငရာ လြတလပမႈႏငလၿခမႈက ကာကြယေပးေရး ဥပေဒၾကမး(CPSPL)

Page 3: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

1. Human rights problems in the 2013

Telecommunications Law, incl s66(d)

66. Whoever commits any of the following

acts shall, on conviction, be liable to

imprisonment for a term not exceeding three

years or to a fine or to both……..

(d) Extorting, coercing, restraining

wrongfully, defaming, disturbing, causing

undue influence or threatening to any

person by using any

Telecommunications Network.

၆၆။ မညသမဆ ေအာကပါျပလပမႈတစရပရပက ကးလြနေၾကာငး ျပစမႈထငရားစရငျခငး ခရလင ထသအား သးႏစထကမပေသာ ေထာငဒဏျဖစေစ၊ ေငြဒဏျဖစေစ၊ဒဏႏစရပလးျဖစေစ ခမတရမည -

(ဃ) ဆကသြယေရး ကြနရကတစခခကအသးျပ၍ ပဂၢလတစဥးဥးအစားေျခာကလန႕ေတာငးယျခငး၊အႏငအထကျပျခငး၊ မတရား တားဆးကန႕ကြကျခငး၊ အေသေရဖကျခငး၊ေႏာငယကျခငး၊ မေလာၾသဇာ သးျခငးသ႕မဟတ ၿခမးေျခာကျခငး။

Page 4: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Problems with Section 66(d)

s66(d) is vaguely worded and has been applied in a way which impacts on right to freedom of expression:

Between October 2013 and March 2016 -seven (7) court cases; 5 people were imprisoned.

Since April 2016 - 29 court cases involving human rights defenders, activists, media, journalists and ordinary citizens.

s66(d) duplicates other laws. In particular, the provision on ‘defamation’ duplicates provisions in other laws

s500 of the Penal Code

S34(d) of the 2004 (amended 2013) Electronic Transactions Law

‘slander’ is also included in S8(f) of the draft CPSPL

ပဒမ ၆၆ (ဃ)သည ရငးလငးတကစြာ ေရးသားေဖာျပ ထားျခငးမဟတသညအတြက အဆပါ ပဒမအား လြတလပစြာ ထတေဖာေျပာဆခြငအေပၚ ထခကသည အေနအထားတြင အသးျပလကရသည။

• ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစ ေအာကတဘာလမ ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ မတလၾကားတြငတရားစြဆ ခရသ (၇) ဥးရၿပး၊ ၅ ဥးမာ ျပစဒဏချခငးခခ႕ရ

• ၂၀၁၆ ခႏစ ဧၿပလမစ၍ သာမန ေဖစဘြတခ သးစြသမား ႏငအတအခြငအေရး လပရားတကၾကြသမား၊ မဒယာသမား မားအပါအဝငတရားစြဆမႈေပါငး ၂၉ မႈ ရ။

၆၆ (ဃ)သည အျခား ဥပေဒမားတြငလညး ပါဝင။ အထးသျဖင -“အေသေရဖကျခငး”ႏင ဆငသည စညးမဥးသညအျခားဥပေဒမားတြငလညးပါဝငသည။

ရာဇသတႀကး ပဒမ ၅၀၀ ၂၀၀၄ (၂၀၁၃ ခႏစက ျပငဆငခ႕သည) Electronic Transactions

Law “ပတခတေျပာဆျခငး” သညလညး ယခ CPSPL မၾကမးတြင ပဒမ ၈

(စ) တြင ထပမပါဝငလကရသည။

Page 5: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Problems with Section 66(d) - continued

Defamation and other offences in the

Law are deemed cognizable offences

(s80(a), meaning that the accused

are detained as soon as cases are

filed.

The UN Human Rights Council has

stated that “States parties should

consider the decriminalization of

defamation’

s66(d) permits third party prosecution.

s66(d) interferes with the role of the

Media Council

ဥပေဒတြင အသေရဖကမႈႏင အျခားျပစမႈမားအားဝရနးမပါဝငပ ဖမးဆးႏငသည ျပစမႈမားအျဖစသတမတထားသည (ပဒမ ၈၀ (က)။ ဆလသညမာအမႈဖြငၿပး လင ၿပးျခငး စြတဆြခရသအားဖမးဆးထနးသမးႏငသည။

UNHRC က “ႏငငေတာအဖြ႕အစညးမားသညအသေရဖကမႈက ရာဇဝတမႈအျဖစ သတမတထားျခငးကပယဖကရန စဥးစားသငသည။”

၆၆ (ဃ) သည ကာယကရငမဟတေသာ ၾကားလကလညးတရားလျပ တရားစြဆျခငးက ခြငျပသည။

၆၆ (ဃ)သည သတငးမဒယာေကာငစ၏ အခနးက႑ကအားနညးေစသည

Page 6: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Myanmar: briefing paper on Criminal Defamation Laws

http://icj2.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Myanmar-Criminal-Defamation-Laws-Advocacy-Position-paper-2015-ENG.pdf

http://icj2.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Myanmar-Criminal-Defamation-Laws-Advocacy-Position-paper-2015-BUR.pdf

Page 7: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Other human rights weaknesses in the 2013

Telecommunications Law…….

Freedom of Expression

Criminalisation of legitimate expression:

s68(a) & (b) and s66(c) & (d)

Arbitrary blocking or filtering of content: s77

Arbitrary disruption or disconnection of

Internet access: s77

Right to Privacy

Government monitoring and surveillance of

user activity and content: s77 & s78

Government access to user-identifying data

and the right to anonymity: s75 & s77

လြတလပစြာ ထတေဖာခြင• တရားဝငသည ထတေဖာျခငးအား ျပစမႈေျမာကေစျခငး - ပဒမ ၆၈

(က)ႏင (ခ)၊ ပဒမ ၆၆ (ဂ) ႏင (ဃ)

• ဆကသြယေျပာဆၾကညရမႈအေၾကာငးအရာမားက ဥပေဒမ႕စစစျခငး သ႕မဟတ ပတဆ႕ျခငး - ပဒမ ၇၇

• အငတာနကဆကသြယမႈက ဥပေဒမ႕ ေႏာငယကျခငး သ႕မဟတျဖတေတာကျခငး - ပဒမ ၇၇

ပဂၢလေရးဆငရာ လြတလပခြင• အစးရက အသးျပသ၏ လပေဆာငမႈမားႏင ၾကညရ႕

အသးျပသည အေၾကာငးအရာမားက ေစာငၾကညျခငး - ပဒမ ၇၇ႏင ၇၈

• အစးရက အသးျပသ၏ ကယေရးအခကအလကမားကရယၾကညရ႕ျခငးႏင အမညမေဖာဘ ေနထငသးစြပငခြင႕ - ပဒမ၇၅ ႏင ပဒမ ၇၇

Page 8: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Relevant sections of the Telecommunications Law

Chapter XIX

….

75. The Union Government may, as may be

necessary, direct to the relevant organization for

enabling to obtain any information and

telecommunications which causes harm to national

security and prevalence of law without affecting the

fundamental rights of the citizens.

76. The Ministry, or the Department or the

Organization designated by the Ministry may, for the matters relating national defense and security or public interest, enter and inspect, supervise the

operation of any Telecommunications Service being operated by the licensee and may require to submit

the documents if necessary.

77. The Ministry may, when an emergency situation

arises to operate for public interest, direct the licensee to suspend a Telecommunications Service,

to intercept, not to operate any specific form of

communication, to obtain necessary information and communications, and to temporarily control the

Telecommunications Service and

Telecommunications Equipment.

78. A licensee shall, out of the actions under section

77, make prior arrangements to be enable to carry

out any Telecommunications Service for the

purposes of security in a lawful manner.

အခနး (၁၉)-----၇၅။ ႏငငေတာလၿခေရးႏင တရားဥပေဒ စးမးေရးက ထခကေစေသာ မညသည သတငးအခကအလကႏငဆကသြယမႈမားက မဆ ရရႏငေရးအတြက ႏငငသားမား၏ မလအခြငအေရးမားက မထခကေစဘျပညေထာငစအစးရအဖြ႕က သကဆငရာ အဖြ႕အစညးသ႕ လအပသလညႊနၾကား ေဆာငရြကႏငသည။

၇၆။ ဝနႀကးဌာန သ႕မဟတ ယငးက တာဝန ေပးအပေသာဌာန၊ အဖြ႕အစညးသည ႏငငေတာကာကြယေရးႏင လၿခေရးကစၥမား အတြက ေသာ လညးေကာငး၊ အမားျပညသ၏ အကးအတြကေသာလညးေကာငး လပငနး လငစင ရရသတစဥးဥးက လပကငလကရေသာ ဆကသြယေရးဝနေဆာငမႈ လပငနးတစရပရပ အတြငး ဝနေဆာငမႈ ျပလပေနမႈက လအပပါက ဝငေရာကၾကညရ႕၍စစေဆးျခငး၊ ႀကးၾကပျခငးႏင စာတမးအမတအသားတ႕က တငျပေစျခငး ျပႏငသည။

၇၇။ ဝနႀကးဌာနသည အမားျပညသအကးအတြက ေဆာငရြကရနအေျခအေန ေပၚေပါကသညအခါအစးရအဖြ႕၏ သေဘာတညခကျဖင ဆကသြယေရး ဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးအား ယာယရပဆငးေရး၊ဆကသြယမႈ အမးအစား တစရပရပက မျပလပေရး၊ တားဆးထနးသမးထားရေရး၊ လအပသည သတငးအခကအလကႏင ဆကသြယမႈမားက ရရႏငေရး၊ ဆကသြယေရးဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးမားႏငဆကသြယေရး ပစၥညးမားက ယာယထနးခပသးစြေရးတ႕အတြက လပငနးလငစငရသအားညႊနၾကားႏငသည။

၇၈။ လငစငရရသသည ပဒမ ၇၇ ပါ ကစၥရပမားအနက ဆကသြယေရး ဝနေဆာငမႈလပငနးတစရပရပအားလၿခေရးဆငရာ ကစၥအတြက ဥပေဒႏငအည ေဆာငရြကႏငေရးက ႀကတငစမ ေဆာငရြကထားရရမည။

Page 9: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

2. Lack of a rights-respecting framework

for ‘lawful interception’ (surveillance)

2013 Telecommunications Law has

NO legal framework for ‘lawful

interception’ i.e. telecoms

surveillance

The reference in the draft Citizens

Privacy and Security Protection Law

to surveillance with a ‘warrant in

accordance with law’ therefore

provides no protection for human

rights.

MCRB has identified key features of

a ‘rights-respecting framework’ for

lawful interception to include in a

revision to the Telecoms Law

• ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစ ဆကသြယေရးဥေပဒတြင တရားဝငဆကသြယေရးလမးေၾကာငးမားက ၾကားျဖတ နားေထာငျခငးေစာငၾကညျခငး (Lawful Interception) အတြကလအပသည ဥပေဒမေဘာငပါရျခငး မရေပ။

• CPSPL မၾကမးတြင “ဥပေဒႏငအည ခြငျပမန႕တစစတစရာ” ျဖင ေစာငၾကညမႈက ခြငျပရန ဟ ဆထားရာလ႕အခြငအေရးအတြက ကာကြယေပးမႈမး မပါရေပ။

• MCRB သည ဆကသြယေရးဥပေဒျပငဆငရာတြငထညသြငးႏငရနအတြက တရားဝင ဆကသြယေရးလမးေၾကာငးမားၾကားျဖတနားေထာငျခငးတြင ရရမည“အခြငအေရးေလးစားေသာ မေဘာငတစရပ” ၏လကၡဏာရပမားက ထတေဖာ တငျပထားပါသည

Page 10: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

The Characteristics of a Rights-Respecting Lawful

Interception Model

1. Prerequisites Before Lawful

Interception Should be Considered

2. Authorisation Processes

3. Oversight by a body (or bodies)

that is independent of the Authority

that originally authorised the

surveillance

4. Notification of Individuals under

Surveillance

5. Remedy

6. Transparency

7. Provision for Periodic Review of

the Lawful Interception Framework

၁။ ၾကားျဖတနားေထာငျခငးမား အလပေဆာငမႀကတငသေဘာတရန လအပခကထားရျခငးက စဥးစားသငသည။

၂။ ခြငျပသည လပငနးစဥထားရျခငး

၃။ ေစာငၾကပၾကညရ႕သညအဖြ႕(မား)ထားရျခငး။ ယငးအဖြ႕သညေစာငၾကညမႈက မလခြငျပသည အာဏာရအဖြ႕ႏငပတသကျခငးမရဘ လြတလပစြာ တညရသည အဖြ႕အစညးျဖစရမည။

၄။ ေစာငၾကညခရသမားအား အသေပးျခငး

၅။ ေျဖရငးခက ရယပငခြငေပးျခငး

၆။ ပြငလငးျမငသာမႈရျခငး

၇။ ၾကညရခြငႏငဆငသည ဥပေဒသမားက အခါအားေလာစြာျပနလညသးသပရန စညးကမးခကထားရျခငး

Page 11: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

3. Draft Citizens Privacy and Security Protection Law

Lack of existing legal framework for ‘lawful

interception’ means that reference in s8 of

the draft Privacy and Security Law to

surveillance with a ‘warrant in

accordance with law’ provides no

protection for human rights.

Does not provide for oversight of

surveillance by court (e.g. warrants) or

Parliament (e.g. annual report)

Gives byelaw making powers to the Home

Ministry, without oversight

• “တယလဖနးဆကသြယေရးလမးေၾကာငးမားကၾကားျဖတနားေထာငျခငး” အတြက ဥပေဒမေဘာငမရေပ။ သ႕ျဖစရာ CPSPL မႀကမးရ “ဥပေဒႏင အညခြငျပမန႕” တစစတစရာျဖင ခြငျပသညေစာငၾကညမႈသည လ႕အခြငအေရးအတြကကာကြယမႈေပးထားျခငး မရေပ။

• ထ႕အျပင၊ တရာရး (ဥပမာ - ဝရမးမား) သ႕မဟတလႊတေတာ (ဥပမာ - ႏစပတလည အစရငခစာ) အားျဖင ေစာငၾကညမႈက ေစာငၾကပၾကညရ႕မႈမပါဝငေပ။

• ေစာငၾကပၾကညရ႕မႈ စနစ မပါဝငဘျပညထေရးဝနႀကးဌာနအား နညးဥပေဒျပဌာနးရနအခြငအာဏာ အပႏငးထားသည။

Page 12: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Draft Citizen’s Privacy And Security Protection Law:

Surveillance

Section 8 “Without having any warrant in accordance with law:

...

B) No one shall be subject to spying, put

under surveillance and enquiry that

could cause interference with privacy

and security or that could affect the

human dignity.

C) No one shall intercept or interfere by

any means, the communication between

one person and another that may be

made by using any apparatus.

D) No one shall request and issue the

records and data of telephone and

electronic communication from

communication Operators.

၈။မညသမ ဥပေဒႏင အည ခြငျပမန႕ တစစတစရာ မရရဘ -…(ခ) ႏငငသားတစဥး၏ ပဂၢလဆငရာ လြတလပမႈႏင ပဂၢလဆငရာလၿခမႈက အေႏာငအယကျဖစေစသာ သ႕မဟတ လ႕ဂဏသကၡာကထခကေစႏငေသာ ေနာကေယာငခေစာငၾကညျခငး၊ စေထာကျခငးႏငစစမးျခငး မျပရ။

(ဂ) ပဂၢလတစဥးႏငတစဥးအျကား ဆကသြယေရးပစၥညးကရယာတစမးမးျဖင ဆကသြယေျပာၾကားျခငးက ၾကားျဖတဖမးယနားေထာငျခငး သ႕မဟတ တစနညးနညးျဖင အေႏာငအယကေပးျခငးမျပရ။

(ဃ) ဆကသြယေရး ေအာမေရတာမားထမ ပဂၢလဆငရာတယလဖနးႏင အလကထေရာနစ ဆကသြယေရးသတငးအခကအလကမားအား ေတာငးယျခငး၊ ထတေပးျခငး မျပရ။

Page 13: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

3. Draft Citizens Privacy and Security Protection Law

(cont’d.)

Definition of Privacy should be

consistent with Article 12 of the

Universal Declaration on Human

Rights and other international usage

Remove reference to ‘Citizens’ as the

State has a duty to uphold human

rights for all individuals within its

territory and subject to its jurisdiction,

not for citizens alone.

Duplication/inconsistency with other

laws e.g. s7, and the Criminal

Procedure Code

Internal inconsistency e.g. s8 and s9

concerning warrants/Presidential

decree

• ပဂၢလဆငရာ လြတလပမႈ (Privacy) က အဓပၸါယ ဖြငဆရာတြငအျပညျပညဆငရာ လ႕အခြငအေရး ေၾကျငာ စာတမးပါ အပဒ၁၂ ႏင႔ အျခားႏငငတကာ အဓပၸါယ ဖြငဆမႈမားႏင ကကညမႈရေစေရးလပေဆာငရန

• ႏငငေတာအေနျဖင ႏငငသားမားအတြကသာမက ႏငင၏အပခပမႈနယနမတအတြငးရ တစဥးခငးစအတြကလ႕အခြငအေရးက ကာကြယေပးရနတာဝနရသညျဖစရာ“ႏငငသားမား” ဆသည အသးက ျဖတရန

• အျခားဥပေဒမားႏင မကကညျခငး၊ ထပေနျခငးမား - ဥပမာ -ပဒမ (၇) ႏင Criminal Procedure Code

• ဥပေဒပါ ျပဌာနးခကတစခကႏင တခကကကညမႈ မရျခငး -ဥပမာ - ပဒမ ၈ ႏင ပဒမ ၉ ရ ခြငျပမန႕/ ႏငငေတာသမၼတႀကတငခြငျပမန႕

Page 14: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Proposed solutions

Immediate

Amend 2013 Telecommunications Law

Introduce more specific

provisions/safeguards on lawful

interception

s66(d) and other provisions

Amend the proposed Citizens Privacy and

Security Protection Law

Seek expert inputs for both Laws

Medium term

Review and reform remaining criminal

defamation provisions to ensure the

protection of the right to freedom of

opinion and expression.

Adopt laws on Data Protection, and

Electronic Evidence, following full

consultation

ေရတတြငလပေဆာငသငသည အခကမား

၂၀၁၃ ဆကသြယေရးဥပေဒျပငဆငပါ• အဆပါ ဥေပဒတြင ဆကသြယေရးလမးေၾကာငးမားအား တရားဝင

ၾကားျဖတနားေထာငျခငးႏင ပတသက၍ ပမေသခာသညျပဌာနးခကမားႏင လၿခေရးအစအမမား ထညသြငးရန

• ၆၆ (ဃ)ႏင အျခားဥပေဒမားက ျပငဆငရန အဆျပထားသည CPSPL မၾကမးက ျပငဆငရန

အဆပါ ဥပေဒ ၂ ရပလးအတြက ကြမးကငသမား၏ အႀကဥာဏမားရယရန

ေရလတတြင လပေဆာငႏငသညအခကမား လြတလပစြာထတေဖာခြငက အကာအကြယေပးေရး ေသခာေစေရးအတြက

ကနရေနေသးသည ျပစဒဏေျမာကသည အသေရဖကမႈ ျပဌာနးခကမားကျပနလညသးသပ ျပငဆငရန

အမားျပညသႏင ျပညျပညဝဝတငပငေဆြးေႏြးကာအခကအလကမားလၿခေရး (Data Protection) and Electronic Evidence အတြက ဥပေဒေရးဆြျပဌာနးရန

Page 15: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Proposed amendments to

2013 Telecommunications Law

Amend s66(d) to remove

reference to defamation and

other crimes covered under

existing law

Amend/expand Chapter XIX to:

incorporate provisions of a

rights-respecting legal

framework for lawful

interception/surveillance,

and

protect the right to privacy

and freedom of expression

လကရဥပေဒေအာကရ အသေရဖကမႈႏငအျခားျပစမႈမားက ေဖာျပသညအခကမားကပယဖကကာ ပဒမ ၆၆ (ဃ) က ျပငဆငရန။

အခနး ၁၉ က ျပငဆငရန/ ထပျဖညရန ေစာငၾကညျခငး၊ တရားဥပေဒႏငအညဆကသြယေရးလပငနးမားကၾကားျဖတနားေထာငျခငးအတြကအခြငအေရးေလးစားသည ဥပေဒေဘာငတစရပခမတႏငေရး လအပသညစညးမဥးျပဌာနးခကမားထညသြငးရန ႏင

ပဂၢလေရးဆငရာလြတလပခြငႏငလြတလပစြာထတေဖာခြငက ကာကြယေပးရန

Page 16: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Suggestions to improve draft

Citizens Privacy and Security Protection Law

Preferably undertake

Further review of the relationship

between the proposed law and

Existing Myanmar legal

provisions and current

implementation problems

Myanmar’s international

human rights commitments

Wider consultation

Parliamentary

enquiry/commission?

Alternatively, ‘quick fix amendments’

(Next slide)

ျဖစေစလသည ေဆာငရြကခက

ေအာကေဖာျပပါ အခကမားႏင လကရေရးဆြထားသညဥပေဒမၾကမးအၾကား ဆကႏြယမႈက အေသးစတေလလာဆနးစစရန လကရ ျမနမာဥပေဒျပဌာနးခကမားႏင လကရ ဥပေဒမားကလကနာေရးအေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြင ႀကေတြ႕ရသညအခကအခမား

ျမနမာႏငင၏ ႏငငတကာ လ႕အခြငအေရးလကနာရနကတဂဝတမား

ကယကယျပန႕ျပန႕ ညႏငးတငပငေဆြးေႏြးမႈမားလပေဆာငရန လႊတေတာစစမးစစေဆးေရး၊ေကာမရင?

အထကေဖာျပပါမားက မေဆာငရြကႏငပါက - အျခားနညးလမးအေနျဖင ျမနျမန ျပငဆငႏငသညအခကမားက ေအာကတြငဖတရ႕ပါ။

Page 17: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

‘Quick fix’ amendments to draft

Citizens Privacy and Security Protection Law (1)

Delete reference to ‘Citizens’

Redefine – “Privacy” as “Privacy’ means

the fundamental right enshrined in

Article 12 of the Universal Declaration

of Human Rights and Article 21 of the

ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights’

Addition s2 ‘Court of jurisdiction means

High Court of the relevant region or

state for the purposes of Section 8 c)

and d)’

Addition Chapter II: new section 4(bis).

A Parliamentary Committee shall be

established for and tasked with

oversight of the government’s

compliance with and practices under

Section 8 c) and d).

• “ႏငငသားမား” ဟ သးႏနးသညအခကက ျဖတပါ။

• “ပဂၢလေရးဆငရာ လြတလပမႈဆသညမာ အျပညျပညဆငရာလ႕အခြငအေရးေၾကျငာစာတမး အပဒ ၁၂ ႏင အာစယလ႕အခြငအေရးေၾကျငာစာတမး အပဒ ၂၁ တြင ျပဌာနးထားသညအေၿခခအခြငအေရးျဖစပါသည။”

• ပဒမ (၂) တြင ေအာကပါ အခက ထပျဖညပါ• “တရားစရငပငခြငရေသာ တရားရးဆသညမာ ပဒမ ၈ (ဂ) ႏင

(ဃ)၏ ရညရြယခကမားအတြက သကဆငရာ တငးေဒသႀကးသ႕မဟတ ျပညနယ၏ အျမငဆး တရားရးခပက ဆလသည။”

• အခနး (၂) အား ထပျဖညရန၊ ပဒမ အသစ ၄ (ခ)။“ပါလမနေကာမတအား အခနး ၈ (ဂ) ႏင (ဃ) တ႕တြင ျပဌာနးထားေသာအစးရ၏ လကနာရမည လပထးလပနညးမားက ၾကးႀကပေဆာငရြကရနဖြ႕စညးတညေထာငရမည။”

Page 18: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

‘Quick fix’ amendments to draft

Citizens Privacy and Security Protection Law (2)

Amend s8: ‘Without having

a warrant from the court

of jurisdiction any

permission in accordance

with the law

Amend s8f: ‘No one shall

interfere with the privacy,

family related matter of a

citizen arbitrarily or act in

any way to slander or

attack the honour and

reputation of a person

• ပဒမ ၈။ မညသမ ဥပေဒႏငအည ခြငျပမန႕ တစစတစရာမရရဘ - တရားစရငပငခြငရေသာ တရားရး၏ ဝရနးစာမပါရဘ

• ပဒမ ၈(စ)။ ႏငငသားတစဥး၏ ပဂၢလဆငရာ၊ မသားစေရးရာကစၥမားတြင အဓမၼဝငေရာက စြကဖကျခငး သ႕မဟတလတစဥး၏ ဂဏသကၡာႏင ထငေပၚေကာၾကားမႈကပတခတျခငး သမဟတ ထခကေစရန တစနညးနညးျဖငေဆာငရြကျခငး မျပရ။

Page 19: ICT and Human Rights: Freedom of Speech and Privacy

Thank you!