ict4d principle 6 - open standards, open data, open source, & open innovation
TRANSCRIPT
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K. SCOTT HUBLI
DIRECTOR OF GOVERNANCE PROGRAMS// NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE
Welcome from NDI Building International Norms of Openness
A call on the world’s
parliaments to make
concrete commitments
to enhancing
openness,
transparency and
citizen engagement
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LEGISLATIVE OPENNESS
WORKING GROUP
www.opengovpartnership.org/groups/legislative
Partnerships
Donor
International Implementer
Local Subgrantee
Recipient
Partnerships
International Norms and
Standards
Community of National CSOs
Thought Leadership
Convening Power
Network Curation
Knowledge and Tool Creation
Joint Advocacy
Open Standards
Open Standards: OpenHIE- a standards based approach
Michael Drane
Dr. Carl Leitner
Donna Medeiros
February 10th , 2015
What do we mean by standards?
• Two basic types:
Terminology- harmonization of attributes
including providers, services, diagnostics
Interoperability- standard profiles defining
how information is accessed or shared.
Open Standards means Open Access Standards = Interoperability
• Avoid vendor / software lock-in • Independently swappable software components • Reduces barriers to participate
Community of Communities • Each community focuses on one component of HIS • Come together to ensure data exchange and
interoperability of systems
Why open standards?
No more silo’d systems!
Why open standards?
Our Informatics Principles & Practices
1. Design with the user
2. Understand the existing ecosystem
3. Design for scale
4. Build for sustainability
5. Be data-driven
6. Use open standards, open data, open source and open innovation
7. Reuse and improve
8. Address privacy and security
9. Be collaborative
more information: http://www.ict4dprinciples.com/
Spread and Use of iHRIS Software
http://ohie.org
The OpenHIE Model
Client Registry
An enterprise
master patient
index (EMPI), or
Client Registry manages the
unique identity of
citizens receiving
health services with
the country – “For
whom”
Health Worker Registry
A Health Worker
Registry is the
central authority for
maintaining the
unique identities of
health providers
within the country –
“By whom”
Facility Registry
A Health Facility
Registry serves as a central authority to
uniquely identify all
places where
health services are
administered within
the country –
“Where?”
Terminology Service
A Terminology Service
serves as a central
authority to uniquely
identify the clinical
activities that occur
within the care delivery
process by maintaining a
terminology set mapped
to international standards
such as ICD10, LOINC,
SNOMED, and others –
“What?”
Shared Health Record
A Shared Health Record
(SHR) is a repository
containing the
normalized version of
content created within
the community, after
being validated against
each of the previous
registries. It is a collection
of person-centric records
for patients with
information in the
exchange.
Health Management Info System
A Health Management
Information System (HMIS)
is a repository containing
the normalized version of
aggregate-level content
created within the
community, after being
validated against each of
the previous registries. It is
a collection of indicator-
centric records for cohorts
with information in the
exchange.
Health Interoperability Layer
A Health Interoperability Layer receives all communications from point of service
applications within a health geography, and
orchestrates message processing among
the point of service application and the
hosted infrastructure elements.
Country Leadership & eHealth Capacities
eHealth Strategy and Policy Framework
eHealth Stakeholder Leadership
ICT Infrastructure
Health Information Technologists
eHealth Literacy for Health Workers
Global, Regional & National eHealth Partnering
eHealth systems mHealth systems
Health Worker Registry
Health Worker Registry
Professional Councils Pre-Service and In-Service Training
Ministry of Health (plus other relevant Ministries: Education, Public Service, etc)
Local Government
FBO
FBO Assoc
NGO Assoc
For Profit Assoc
FP
FBO NGO FP
FBO NGO FP
NGO
Health Information
Exchange
Mobile Health worker Electronic
Response and Outreach (mHero)
• Free SMS mobile phone based communication system
• Support MOHSW, health workers and community
health workers
• Rapid development with support from a consortium of
global partners
• Builds of existing government / partner systems
• Initial deployment anticipated for Guinea, Liberia and
Sierra Leone.
Open Architecture
health worker
data
health facility data
OpenHIE Registry
OpenHIE Interoperability
Layer
health worker mobile phones
mHero builds on existing government technologies (DHIS2, iHRIS) to link them with the Unicef’s mobile platform (RapidPro) using OpenHIE technologies. Using
open source standards and approaches creates an extended national collaborative ecosystem that other solutions can link into.
RapidPro
Partners
Community Outreach, more Information
Addressing: documenting best practices, use cases, case studies, success stories, standards, sharing
• Community Involvement and Outreach: – Establishing, supporting real world Use Cases
– Engagement with implementing Partners working at national and subnational levels
– Identification of relevant, especially high impact, high use, applications
– Project level implementation coming to life
• Standards (SDOs) and WHO – standards based approach
- Guidelines, consumption
Public Health Standards Dev. Orgs (SDOs)
Defines standards for reporting of administrative data (i.e. claims)
Defines message ‘Profiles’ that integrate multiple base standards
Defines concepts, data and processes for health and ICTs
Defines base standards and data models for clinical messages
Defines standards for public health vocabularies/terminology
Defines standards for bio-surveillance reporting (i.e., syndromic surveillance)
Defines clinical terminology standards
Defines standard codes for tests, measurements and observations
Future Activities
• Project level implementations including Philippines (Aehin), DATIM
• Upcoming events: symposiums, conferences
• Work in TA and applying Standards
• Please come onto the Community of Practice! Weekly calls and involvement
http://ohie.org
Thank you!
Michael Drane- [email protected]
Carl Leitner- [email protected]
Donna Medeiros [email protected]
Open Data
USAID’s Open Data Policy ADS 579 – Development Data
Futures Group February 10, 2015
“We partner to end extreme poverty and to promote resilient,
democratic societies, while advancing our security and prosperity.”
Mission Statement:
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9
5
0
Illustrative Data Collection / Data Storage Location:
“Publicly available data that is structured in a way that enables the
data to be fully discoverable and usable by end users.”
Open Data:
And most importantly . . . Public
See OMB Open Data Policy – Managing Information as an Asset (M-13-13), May 9, 2013
=
Accessible: Convenient, non-proprietary, machine-readable formats
(e.g. CSV, JSON, XML)
Described: Fully documented; limitations and processing instructions explained
(e.g. data dictionaries, code books, tutorials)
Reusable: No restrictions on use
Complete: Highest level of granularity practicable
(e.g. latitude / longitude, individual survey responses)
Timely: Made available when data is of greatest use and updated regularly
Managed Post-Release: Point of contact assigned to continue updates and respond to queries
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THE VALUE OF OPEN DATA
USG
USAID
Your
Organization
GIS Data
Weather Data
Drought Data
Crop Price Data
Mapping
Software
Handheld
Weather Apps
Famine Supply
Positioning Mobile App to
Maximize Crop Income
Be part of the next
innovation . . .
5
3
OPEN DATA: GLOBAL CONTEXT
United Nations - Data Revolution Advisory Group
• August 2014 - To “close data gaps and to strengthen national statistical
capacities” in support of the post-2015 development agenda
International Aid Transparency Initiative
• November 2011 – USG as signatory, to “improve the transparency of
aid, development and humanitarian resources” via a common standard
for the publication of aid information (via www.foreignassistance.gov)
Open Government Partnership
• September 2011 – USG as member, to “foster a global culture of open
government that empowers and delivers for citizens.”
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4
OPEN DATA: U.S. CONTEXT
“My Administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in
Government. We will work together to ensure the public trust and establish a
system of transparency, public participation, and collaboration.”
- President Barack Obama
Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government
January 2009
“To promote continued job growth, Government efficiency, and the social good that
can be gained from opening Government data to the public, the default state of
new and modernized Government information resources shall be open and
machine readable.”
- President Barack Obama
Executive Order -- Making Open and Machine Readable the New Default for
Government Information
May 2013
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Grants, contracts,
cooperative agreements
Implementing
partners
International
development programs
Program
data
Pre-Policy Data Flow:
Narrative Reports via
Development Experience
Clearinghouse
(dec.usaid.gov)
Aggregate data captured in
corporate systems. - Raw
datasets generally not
included in central systems.
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USAID - Funded
Data Access
Challenges
Ownership
Questions
Specification
of Deliverables
Definition
of Data
Business
Processes
Joint
Funding
Data
Quality
USAID’s Open
Data Policy
Science
Technology
Innovation
Partnership
USAID
Investments
August 2013
Draft Procurement
Language
September 2013
Establish Data Governance
November 2013
Create USAID.GOV/DATA
January 2014
Formalize Working Group
February 2014
Begin Drafting Policy
March 2014
Establish Business
Process for Data Clearance
April 2014
Policy Socialization
and FAQ
May 2014
Agency Policy Clearance
Begins
June – July 2014
Policy Revisions
August – September
2014
Policy Final Clearance
October 2014
Policy Takes Effect
November 2014
Implementation and
Socialization
USAID OPEN DATA POLICY MILESTONES
January 2011
USAID Evaluation
Policy
May 2013
Open Data Executive
Order and OMB Policy
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8
WHAT
USAID’s Open Data Policy:
1. Defines USAID’s Data Governance Structure o Information Governance Committee (InfoGov). Executive level
committee to ensure Agency-wide buy-in and coordination.
2. Establishes Data Submission Mechanism via the
Development Data Library (DDL) o Repository of USAID-funded data at www.usaid.gov/data
3. Outlines Standard Data Clearance Process o Reviews for privacy, personal security, and operational
sensitivity, etc.
4. Creates Data Stewards in Every USAID Operating Unit o Local policy expert; provides guidance on data clearance.
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HOW
1. Procurement Language
o Effective for contracts, grants, cooperative agreements issued on or
after October 1, 2014:
The Contractor / recipient must submit to the Development Data Library
(DDL), at www.usaid.gov/data, in a machine-readable, non-proprietary format,
a copy of any Dataset created or obtained in performance of this award,
including Datasets produced by a subcontractor at any tier.
2. CORs / AORs Responsible for Ensuring Data Submission to DDL o Should include data as a deliverable in contracts whenever possible
3. Data Stewards Guide Operating Units on Policy Implementation o Continue socializing the open data mandate
o Specialized training
To increase the application of
science, technology, innovation
and partnerships to achieve,
sustain and extend the agency’s
development impact to help end
extreme poverty.
Role of the U.S. Global Development Lab
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How Do We Connect with Data Producers and Users?
Challenges:
- Policy and logistical complexities of opening data.
- Cataloging the breadth of the data we have.
- Understanding the audience for our data.
Approach:
- Need-finding interviews with our audiences.
- Developing guidance on how to make data useful to our audience.
- Creating opportunities to connect people who generate data and
those who use data. 61
What Does Our Audience Want?
• What doesn’t matter: If the data are good, there will be an
audience for them.
• …but standards do: Data become valuable when they can be
combined with other information.
• Data producers and consumers are not aware of mutual
interests.
– Much of the research/journalist community isn’t aware
USAID has data that would interest them.
– Data generators are disconnected from researchers: “We
know the broad stakeholders but we’re not able to figure out
who would want our data or how to get it to them.”
• USAID is seen as a source for guidance on how to manage
knowledge, establish data pipelines, and create standards for
data collection. 62
What makes data useful?
• Consistency: “The largest problem isn’t whether or not data are
open, but whether or not they are standardized and
comparable.”
• Explicit relationship between data: Unique and consistent IDs to
connect data
• Scale: Comparable data across multiple countries
• Uniqueness of the data: Data difficult/impossible to access any
other way.
• Documentation: “How the data are collected is the most value
added but is the hardest part.”
• Timely: Recent, ideally real-time data.
• Easily accessible: Web-based interface where the data can be
downloaded at the drop of a hat.
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Public Engagement: Hackathons
Hacking for Hunger
• USAID
• Palantir
• Grameen
• 28,000 geo-located soil samples from Uganda (Grameen)
• Combine with soil types, population, income (Palantir)
• Develop a system to track the outbreak of crop and livestock
diseases
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Public Engagement: Hackathons
Next Up:
Open Data Day: 21 February at World Bank
Spring Hackathon at Open GovHub
1. Have experts available to
provide context.
2. Have a clearly defined
entry point for non-experts.
3. Mix multiple viewpoints.
Ingredients for Success:
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Connecting Data Demand with Data Supply
- We identify high priority datasets, focusing on those that are
directly relevant, interesting, and useful for the broader community.
- Applicants provide a proposal for how they would use those data.
- We open up those data and help create a community to collaborate
on those data.
Provide Your Input:
http://bit.ly/AIDdatagrant
Open Data Grant
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NEXT STEPS
1. Internal socialization / change management across all USAID
operating units
2. Increased public engagement, including policy feedback
3. Ongoing improvements to the Development Data Library
4. External engagement, including implementing partners
Policy Announcement: http://1.usa.gov/1tF8COg
Policy: http://1.usa.gov/1zi21Mc
Fact Sheet: http://1.usa.gov/1DXSrMj
REFERENCES
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How Can I Contribute to this Discussion?
StackExchange (general questions):
http://bit.ly/1FSzL3t
GitHub (technical questions):
http://bit.ly/1DqewSB
Email:
Data Grant Survey:
http://bit.ly/AIDdatagrant
Brandon Pustejovsky
Chief Data Officer
Laura Hughes
Open Data Specialist
Scott Depies
Open Data Specialist
Open Source
SOFTWARE AS A PUBLIC GOOD
CHARACTERISTICS
OF OPEN SOURCE
SOFTWARE
BENEFITS FOR ICT4D PROJECTS
CHALLENGES FOR ICT4D PROJECTS
SUCCESSFUL APPROACHES
DISCUSSION
Open Innovation
BREAKOUT SESSIONS
Open Data: Moderator: Roy Miller, USAID Information Architect Room: Africa (front of the room) Open Innovation: Moderator: Hallie Applebaum Room: Asia (middle of the room) Open Standards: Moderators: Carl Leitner and Michael Drane Room: Latin America (back of the room) Open Source: Moderators: Chris Spence and Andrew Hunt Room: Win Room (office behind the back of the room)
Optional Breakout session for remote audience: http://tinyurl.com/OpenStandardsBreakout
*After the breakout session, return to the Go2Meeting Conference line
Default Breakout session for remote audience: Just stay on the conference line
CLOSING REMARKS
Save the Date
Next ICT4D Event
Principle 7 – Reuse and Improve
March 24 in San Francisco
www.futuresgroup.com
www.facebook.com/FuturesGroup
www.twitter.com/FuturesGroupGbl
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Thank you