identification of terrorist attacks
DESCRIPTION
IFSTA Essentials 5 th ed. Ch. 22 pages 1,184-1,191. Identification of Terrorist Attacks. The Threat. OK City. Spain. Algiers. Indonesia. Birmingham. Critical Differences. Critical Differences. Different from Hazmat incident: Accidental versus intentional Crime scenes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
5
Critical Differences
Different from Hazmat incident: Accidental versus intentional Crime scenes Size and complexity Number of casualties Presence of extremely hazardous
materials
7
Critical Differences
More dangers: Contaminated victims Structural collapse hazards Presence of crime scene
8
Critical Differences
Two factors that complicate terrorist attacks: Crime scene preservation Secondary devices
9
Indications of Terrorist Incident
Two or more non-trauma mass casualty incidents in public locations: shopping mall transportation hub mass transit system telecommunications facility office building assembly occupancy other public buildings
10
Indications of Terrorist Incident
Other possible targets: Controversial business (i.e. abortion
clinic) Government building (federal buildings ) A location with historical or symbolic
significance
11
Indications of Terrorist Incident
Terrorist motivation is to make a statement: Socially significant structure Large number of victims
12
Question 1
What should be done if criminal or terrorist activity is suspected at the scene of an incident?
Report it to the incident commander (IC) as quickly as possible.
13
Question 2
Who is primarily, not solely, responsible for the collection of evidence at a terrorist event?
Law enforcement
15
Types of Terrorist Attacks
CBRNE Each have unique indicators Use monitors and detectors to determine
their presence
16
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Chemical
Chemical warfare agents (CBRNE) :• Nerve agents• Blister agents• Blood agents• Choking agents• Riot control agents
18
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Chemical
Blister agents (Mustard) Blood (AC/CK) Choking agents (Chlorine/Phosgene) Common industrial chemicals
(TIMs/TICs)
19
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Chemical
On-scene warning signs: Unusual containers Unexplained sudden onset of similar
non-traumatic illnesses or deaths Unusual odors or tastes that are out of
character Unexplained skin, eye, or airway
irritation Runny nose (rhinorrhea), disorientation,
difficulty breathing, or convulsions
20
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Chemical
SLUDGEM (symptoms of exposure to chemical warfare nerve agents ): Salivation (drooling) Lacrimation (tearing) Urination Defecation (loss of bowel control) Gastrointestinal upset/aggravation (cramping) Emesis (vomiting) Miosis (pinpointed pupils) or Muscular
twitching/spasms
21
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Chemical
TIM/TIC use may be identified through: Occupancy types and locations Container shapes Hazardous materials placards, labels,
and markings Written resources Sensory indicators Use of monitoring and detection devices
23
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Biological
Toxic substances that are living materials or obtained from living materials
Anthrax Scare of 2001: The famous “white powder” mailings
24
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Biological
Signs and symptoms: May take many days to develop Unusual diseases People or animals get sick or die Multiple casualties with similar signs or
symptoms Dissemination of unscheduled or
unusual spray Casualty distribution aligned with wind
direction
25
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Biological
Emergency medical services (EMS) responders and health-care personnel may be first to realize that there has been a biological attack
26
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Radiological
Radiological attacks (CBRNE) Weapons that release radiological
materials:▪ dust or powder▪ radiological dispersal device (RDD)
27
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Radiological
Indicators: Warning, threat, or received intelligence Signs and symptoms of radiation
exposure Radiological materials packaging
abandoned Suspicious packages that weigh more
than they should
28
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Radiological
Indicators (continued): Activation of radiation detection devices Material that is hot or emits heat Glowing material
29
Question
How can it be determined that radiation is involved at an incident?
Monitoring can determine if radiation is involved.
Monitoring must be conducted at all explosive incidents.
30
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Nuclear
Nuclear attacks (CBRNE)
The intentional detonation of a nuclear weapon
31
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Nuclear
Indicators: Warning, threat, or received intelligence Mushroom cloud Exceptionally large/powerful explosion Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
33
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Explosive
Explosive/incendiary attacks (CBRNE)
also referred to as Bombings: Majority of terrorist attacks May be classified as weapons of mass
destruction May be used to disseminate chemical,
biological, and radiological materials Be alert for secondary devices
34
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Explosive
Indicators: Warning or threat of an attack or
received intelligence Reports of an explosion Explosion Accelerant odors (gasoline smells and
other similar odors)
35
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Explosive
Indicators (continued): Multiple fires or explosions Incendiary device or bomb components
(such as broken glass from a Molotov cocktail or wreckage of a car bomb)
Unexpected heavy burning or high temperatures
Unusually fast burning fires
36
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Explosive
Indicators (continued): Unusual smoke or flame color Propane or other flammable gas
cylinders in unusual locations Unattended
packages/backpacks/objects left in high traffic/public areas
Fragmentation damage/injury
37
Types of Terrorist Attacks-Explosive
Indicators (continued): Damage exceeding gas explosions,
including shattered reinforced concrete or bent structural steel
Crater(s) Small metal objects such as nuts, bolts,
and/or nails used as shrapnel
38
Review
Terrorist incident complicated by crime scene preservation and secondary devices.
Terrorist’s motivation is to make a statement: Socially significant structures Large number of victims
Situational awareness: Unusual Unexpected