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Identification of Tourism Circuits across

India

Interim Report

Uttar Pradesh

February– 2012

Submitted to:

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India

1, Parliament Street,

Transport Bhawan,

New Delhi - 110001

Submitted by:

2nd Floor, Ambience Corporate Tower,

Ambience Mall, NH-8,

Gurgaon, Haryana – 122 001

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Assignment Brief .................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Approach and Methodology.................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Key Findings ........................................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................ 5

2. Brief of the State ............................................................................................................................. 6

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 6

2.2 Tourism in the State ................................................................................................................ 7

3. Initial Screening of the Circuits .................................................................................................... 13

3.1 Based on Secondary Research .............................................................................................. 13

3.2 Key Parameters ..................................................................................................................... 13

4. Stakeholder Consultations............................................................................................................. 15

4.1 State Government .................................................................................................................. 15

4.2 State Level Consultation ....................................................................................................... 15

4.3 National Level Consultation ................................................................................................. 16

4.4 Ranked List of Circuits ......................................................................................................... 16

4.5 Carrying Capacity Analysis .................................................................................................. 17

4.6 Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Braj-Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Circuit ................................... 22

5. Infrastructure Assessment in Braj-Agra Circuit ............................................................................ 24

5.1 Existing Infrastructure in the Circuit .................................................................................... 25

6. Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding .................................. 31

Annexure – I: Tourist Infrastructure Assessment of Priority Circuit in Uttar Pradesh ......................... 36

List of Tables

Table 1: Tourist Arrival Data and Growth Rate...................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Tourism Circuits listed by Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, 2011 ....... 8

Table 3: Tourist Accommodation in the State ...................................................................................... 11

Table 4: Stakeholders in State Level Consultation ............................................................................... 15

Table 5: Stakeholders in National Level Consultation ......................................................................... 16

Table 6: UDPFI Density Limits ............................................................................................................ 19

Table 7: Physical and Ecological Indicators ......................................................................................... 20

Table 8: Social and Demographic Indicators ........................................................................................ 21

Table 9: Political Economic Indicators ................................................................................................. 21

Table 10: Evaluation Criterion for Physical and Ecological Indicators ................................................ 22

Table 11: Carrying Capacity Assessment for Destinations in Priority Circuit ..................................... 22

Table 12: Identified Projects, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding .............................. 31

Table 13: PPP Bifurcation of the Proposed Projects ............................................................................. 34

Table 14: Expected Employment Generation ....................................................................................... 35

List of Figures

Figure 1: Study Methodology ................................................................................................................. 2

Figure 2: Administrative divisions in Uttar Pradesh .............................................................................. 6

Figure 3: Road Network in Uttar Pradesh .............................................................................................. 9

Figure 4: Railway Network in the State ............................................................................................... 10

Figure 5: Locations of airports in the State ........................................................................................... 11

Figure 6: Methodology for Carrying Capacity Analysis ....................................................................... 18

Figure 7: Existing Condition of Parikrama Marg ................................................................................. 26

Figure 8: Condition of temples and historic structures in Mathura ...................................................... 27

Figure 9: Condition of Lesser Known Monuments in Agra ................................................................. 28

Figure 10: Existing Facilities at Fatehpur Sikri .................................................................................... 29

Figure 11: Condition of Amenities Available for Tourists ................................................................... 30

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1. Introduction

1.1 Assignment Brief

IL&FS Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (IL&FS IDC) appointed as the National Level

Consultant (NLC) by Ministry of Tourism, is in the process of identifying tourism circuits across all

the States and UTs (except North-East). These circuits are proposed to be developed during the 12th

Plan, in an integrated manner with Central Financial Assistance and appropriate involvement of State

Governments and private sector. For the first phase, the process has been started with the selection of

existing/new tourist circuits (4 in each state and 2 in Union Territories). These circuits have been

structured considering the length, duration and connectivity.

After the identification and prioritisation of these circuits in Phase I, the next step is to identify the

basic and tourism related infrastructural and promotional needs of the identified circuits, which are to

be implemented on priority basis, along with the tentative cost estimates. These projects should be

related to development of basic as well as tourism related infrastructure. Thereafter, Detailed Project

Reports (DPRs) will be prepared by the State Level Consultant for the projects identified along with

their financial projections.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the present study are:

1) To identify the potential tourist circuits/destinations in Uttar Pradesh.

2) To analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations and

prioritise the same.

3) Assess the existing infrastructure – basic and tourism related - for the circuits/destinations.

4) To assess the interventions for improving the quantity and quality of basic and tourism

infrastructure for prioritized circuits/destinations.

5) Identify infrastructural projects to be initiated by Centre/State/Private sector.

1.3 Approach and Methodology

Figure 1 presents a flow diagram of the approach and methodology used for the present study. Based

on primary and secondary sources, literature search and discussions with key stake holders (State

Govt and local tour & travel industry), the existing tourists‟ flow and orientation were studied. The

existing and future potential and connectivity of the destinations were studied for an initial screening

of the tourist circuits / destinations.

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Figure 1: Study Methodology

After the initial screening, the circuits identified were discussed with the State Government

(Department of Tourism), representatives of Travel & Tourism Industry and other stakeholders. On

the basis of these consultations, tourism circuits have been shortlisted. In order to understand existing

capacity of the shortlisted circuits as well as destinations, a detailed carrying capacity assessment has

been done. This assessment is, primarily, based on the residential and tourist population densities of

the town/cities.

Based on above exercise, four circuits have been identified and prioritized. The circuits have been

prioritized after consultations with the stakeholders and based on the popularity, tourists‟ flow pattern

and perceived need for improvements/investments to basic and tourism infrastructure. In the present

study, the circuit with the highest priority has been taken up for detailed examination.

Initial Screening of Tourist

Circuits

Short listing of the Circuits

Carrying Capacity Assessment

Identified Circuits along with

Priority Circuit

Detailed Infrastructure Gap

Assessment

Identification of Prospective Projects

with Block Cost Estimates

Final Report

Discussion with Department of

Tourism, representatives of

Travel & Tourism Industry and

other stakeholders

Based on

Stakeholder Consultations

Reconnaissance survey

Secondary Research

Potential

Popularity

Connectivity

Parameters

Transport, Roads condition,

Access to modes of transportation,

Utilities, Accommodation, Way

side amenities, Management of

tourist attractions

Page | 3

Thereafter, detailed infrastructure assessment of the priority circuit is undertaken. The objective of the

said assessment is to understand the significance of the mentioned sites from a tourist perspective and

to map the availability of basic and tourism related-infrastructure. Typical infrastructure being

demanded includes facilities at entry-exit points, accommodation, way-side amenities, physical &

social infrastructure, public utilities as well as health & security. This assessment is based on

reconnaissance survey done along the route, wayside and on site of the priority circuit. Following

infrastructure has been examined to assess the requirements and deficiencies:

1) Modes of Transport- airways, roadways and railways and access thereto

2) Road network

3) Utilities-power, water facility, etc

4) Accommodation

5) Way side amenities

6) Maintenance and management of built heritage/tourist attractions

On the basis of reconnaissance survey, discussions with local community and other stakeholders, gaps

have been identified. Based on these gaps as well as site potential, sustainable projects have been

proposed along with the indicative block costs. These projects proposed are intended to achieve the

following two objectives:

1) Products and activities proposed will attract the tourist inflow and will hold the tourists in the

circuits which will provide socio-economic benefits at a larger level.

2) Sustainable projects will attract different investors and private players to participate in

infrastructure development which will benefit both, Government as well as private sector.

1.4 Key Findings

For Uttar Pradesh, the following four circuits have been identified for integrated development.

Circuit 1: Braj-Agra Circuit

Circuit 2: Buddhist Circuit

Circuit 3: Awadh-Ayodhya Ciruit

Circuit 4: Allahabad-Varanasi Circuit

1) Braj Region

a) Mathura

Since, the Parikrama Marg is a mix of different types of road segments and land uses, pedestrian

walkability is a major issue. Apart from this, lack of information signage, ways finding signages,

utilities, facilities, lack of street lighting are other issues identified along Parikrama Marg. Many of

the sites such as Kans Kila, Digambar Jain Temple, Vishram Ghat temples are in a dilapidated

condition and needs to be restored as well as redeveloped.

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b) Gokul and Nandgaon

These places can also be promoted with the help of required interventions such as landscaping,

signages, public conveniences etc.

c) Vrindavan

The major improvements required in the Vrindavan Parikrama Marg are in terms of street light,

signages, parking facilities, drinking water and public conveniences.

d) Govardhan

Govardhan requires specific improvement in terms of street lighting along Parikrama Marg as well as

restoration of kunds.

e) Barsana

There are nearly 200 steps and steep climb to reach Radha Rani temple which is tiring. Hence, there is

a scope of other mode/alternative to the existing situation.

2) Agra

a) Monuments within Agra City

Parking at heritage destinations such as Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Sikandra needs to be enhanced as they

are facing serious problem primarily due to lack of land availability. In case of Taj, extension in the

existing parking space is required. There is also a need to provide Tourist Information Centres are

relevant locations.

Basic infrastructure improvement required at lesser known monuments such as Itmad-ud-Daulah,

Chini-ka-Rauza and Chauburji. Restoration of these monuments is also required. Even these

monuments are also needs to be promoted as they are situated in proximity to some of the popular

tourist sites. After the conservation of these monuments, they can also be clubbed in the list of “must

see” sites. There is also a need to develop some good shopping places/activities by utilizing locally

available resources so that tourist stays back at least for a day (night halt).

b) Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri requires high attention on basic facilities and issues rather than tourist related

infrastructure. Security issues are more as local guides start chasing and bothering tourist from the toll

gate itself which leaves a very wrong impression among tourists. It actually hampers income

generation at local level.

Unavailability of drinking water facility is another drawback in the development of this destination.

Though RO water facility has been provided onsite, restricted water supply makes them inefficient.

Continuous Power Supply (available only for 3-4 hours) is another important issue.

Though State Tourism Department has made arrangements at the entrance itself in order to restrict the

private vehicles and take tourists through CNG buses. But due to poor management and compliance,

Page | 5

tourists drive up to the dargah and hence, create related issues, including pollution. There is also need

of Tourist Information centre at the entrance wherein tourist can get a fair idea about what all places

to visit, how to reach, from where to start etc.

1.5 Structure of the Report

The present report, which covers the priority circuit of Uttar Pradesh, has been divided into following

sections:

Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter provides the rationale behind the assignment, aims and

key objectives of the study followed by approach and methodology adopted for the same.

Chapter 2: Brief on the State: This section of the report focuses on the profile of the state,

especially in terms of infrastructure, tourism trends and key spots/sites.

Chapter 3: Initial Screening of the Circuits: This chapter is followed by sections explaining the

process of initial screening/short listing of tourism circuits which is largely based on key

parameters like tourist profile, carrying capacity, safety and sustainability, respectively.

Chapter 4: Stakeholders Consultations and Selection of Tourist Circuits: This chapter

provides information on the Stakeholder consultations done at Centre as well as State level and

along with their respective outcome. The latter sections in this chapter also focus on the carrying

capacity analysis done for the tourist circuits.

Chapter 5: Existing Infrastructure Status of the Priority Circuit: This chapter analyses

current status of circuits (based on site study undertaken) and infrastructure gaps identified during

the site visit. Based on this, assessment of the level of adequacy of infrastructure has been

undertaken with respect to the existing infrastructure, increasing tourist inflow, destination

popularity, types of tourists and seasonality.

Chapter 6: The last chapter of the study report provides information on prospective projects in

the circuits that can be taken up for infrastructural upgradation.

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2. Brief of the State

2.1 Introduction

Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India, is bestowed with a variety of geographical land and cultural

diversities. The state is one of the most ancient cradles of Indian culture and lies largely in the plains

formed by the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. The region was the setting of two great Sanskrit epics, the

Mahabharata and Ramayana, and the scene of the rise of Buddhism after the 6th century BC.

Figure 2: Administrative divisions in Uttar Pradesh (Source: www. tcindia.com)

Uttar Pradesh accounts for about 9 percent of the total geographical area and 16.4 per cent of India‟s

population1. It is divided into 18 divisions and 70 districts in the state with Lucknow as its capital.

According to Census of India, 2011 (provisional), Uttar Pradesh has registered a decadal growth rate

of 20.09 percent during 2001-2011. The state has a total population of 199,581477 which comprises

52.40 percent of males and 47.6 percent of female population. It has a population density of 828

persons per sq.km which is higher than the national average of 314 and sex ratio of 908 which is

comparatively lower than the national average.

1 http://upgov.nic.in

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ganges+River

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Yamuna+River

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mahabharata

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ramayana

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Buddhism

Page | 7

The economy of the state is largely based on agriculture and agro-processing industries. According to

the estimates available (2008-09), the share of the secondary sector in GSDP was 24.9 per cent and its

growth was driven by manufacturing. On the other side, the tertiary sector‟s share was 46.1 per cent,

hotels and restaurants–the largest sub-group of the sector–registered a growth of 15.2 per cent over

the previous year.

2.2 Tourism in the State

Uttar Pradesh has possibly one of the largest numbers of tourist-worthy spots in any State in India.

The state is not only important for the domestic tourist, it is also famed for being on the World Tourist

Map owing to the presence of the Taj Mahal, considered to be one of the Wonders of the World as

well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Additionally, it draws a large number of tourists to a host of

other locations for religious purposes, heritage monuments, historical importance, or wildlife as well

as its proximity to other important tourist destination states like Rajasthan, Delhi and Uttaranchal

provides it a competitive advantage.

2.2.1 Trends in Tourist Arrivals

As per recently published statistics available from Ministry of Tourism, in 2010, Uttar Pradesh

contributed 19.6% and 9.4% of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in the country2. Based on these

numbers, U.P was ranked number 2 in terms of domestic tourist arrivals while in terms of foreign

tourist arrivals, it ranked at number 4.

Table 1: Tourist Arrival Data and Growth Rate

Tourist Arrival Data Growth rate

Year Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total

2010-11 144754977 1675123 14,64,30,100 7% 9% 7%

2009-10 134831852 1532573 13,63,64,425 8% -5% 8%

2008-09 124843242 1610089 12,64,53,331 7% 6% 7%

2007-08 116244008 1524451 11,77,68,459 - - -

Source: India Tourism Statistics, 2010

However, one must note that these tourist arrivals occur in either specific pockets or only for religious

purposes. For example, in 2009, more than 60% of the foreign tourist arrivals to UP were to the Agra

circle (Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri). Similarly, the domestic tourists are largely concentrated

around places like Allahabad, Varanasi, Mathura and Ayodhya.

2.2.2 State Level Agencies Associated with Tourism

In order to prepare schemes relating to the development of tourism and to execute them, the

Directorate of Tourism was established in the year 1972. Further, Uttar Pradesh State Tourism

2 India Tourism Statistics,2010

Page | 8

Development Corporation (UPSTDC) was established and which is now the nodal agency to look

after the commercial activities which are a part of development of tourism.

2.2.3 Available Destinations and Circuits

Uttar Pradesh offers a huge range of destinations and activities to the potential tourist comprising

historical cities, wildlife sanctuaries, pilgrim centers and adventure destinations. Department of

Tourism, Uttar Pradesh has identified some tourist circuits for the purpose of tourist infrastructure

development that have listed as below:

Table 2: Tourism Circuits listed by Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, 2011

S.No Tourism Circuit Destinations

1 Agra Braj Circuit Agra, Mathura, Vrindavan, Fatehpur Sikri, Soor Sarovar, Chambal

2 Buddhist Circuit Kapilavastu, Sarnath, Varanasi, Sravasti, Sankisa, Kaushambi, Kushinagar,

Lumbini, Bodhgaya

3 Bundelkhand Circuit Jhansi, Mahoba, Kakramath, Kalinjar, Deogarh, Samthar, Datia, Khajuraho,

Chanderi, Baruasagar, Orchha

4 Awadh–Ayodhya

Circuit

Lucknow, Kukrail, Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Ayodhya, Naimisharnya,

Devasharif, Bithoor

5 Varanasi &

Vindhyachal Circuit

Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ramnagar, Chunar, Allahabad, Kaimoor Wild Life

Sanctuary, Chandra prabha Wild Life Sanctuary

6 Mahabharata Circuit Hastinapur, Baghpat, Bijnor.

7 Ram Van-Gaman

Yatra Circuit

Ayodhya, Bharatkund, Belha Devi-Pratapgarh, Shrangverpur, Allahabad,

Chitrakoot etc.

8 Circuit related to Ist

War of Independence

in 1857

Jhansi, Meerut, Lucknow, Raibareilly, Unnao, Kanpur, Bithoor, Sitapur,

Badaun, Bareilly, Hathras, Shahjahanpur, Mainpuri, Firozabad, Gorakhpur,

Devaria, Azamgarh, Balia, Varanasi, Allahabad etc.

9 Jain Circuit Shravasti, Kaushambi, Allahabad, Ayodhya, Faizabad, Ronahi, Kampil,

Hastinapur, Sauripur, Agra, Banaras, Kushinagar etc

10 Sikh Circuit Gurudwara Pakki Sangat (Allahabad) - Gurudwara Ahrora, Gurudwara

Chota & Gurudwara Bhuili (Mirzapur) - Gurudwara Nichibagh, Gurudwara

Gurubagh (Varanasi) - Guru Teg Bahadur Ji ki Tapsthali, Chachakpur,

Gurudwara Raasmandal (Jaunpur) - Gurudwara Brahmkund (Ayodhya) -

Gurudwara Ahyiyaganj (Lucknow) - Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Mathura) -

Gurudwara Hathighat, Gurudwara Guru ka Taal (Agra) etc.

11 Sufi Circuit Fatehpur Sikri, Rampur, Badaun, Bareilly, Lucknow, Kakori, Dewasharif

(Barabanki), Bahraich, Kichocha Sharif, Kade Shah - Kada (Kaushambi),

Allahabad, Kantit Sharif (Mirzapur) etc.

12 Christian Circuit Merut-Sardhana, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Gorakhpur

etc.

13 Handicraft Circuit Lucknow, Agra, Aligarh, Firozabad, Rampur, Kanpur, Kannauj, Vrindavan,

Muradabad, Khurja, Varanasi, Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Chunar, Jaunpur,

Gorakhpur etc.

Source: Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh

Page | 9

2.2.4 Tourist Infrastructure and Accommodation

1) Connectivity

a) Roadways

Uttar Pradesh is well connected to its nine neighbouring states and other parts of India through 42

National Highways which accounts for 9.6 percent of the total National Highway network in India.

While the length of total National Highways is 6,774kms, the length of State Highways and District

roads is 9,097 and 105,980, respectively3. The Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation

(UPSRTC) is the key agency to provide an economical, reliable and comfortable transport in the state

with connecting services to adjoining states.

Figure 3: Road Network in Uttar Pradesh (Source: www.uptransport.org)

b) Railways

The state is also well-connected to the other states of India by a railway network spanning over 8,890

km. It is the largest railway network in the country. Various parts of the state are catered to by five of

the 16 railway zones in India namely Northern Railways, North Eastern Railways, East Central

Railways, North Central Railways and West Central Railways. Lucknow is the main junction for the

Northern and North Eastern Railways. Intra-state rail network is well-developed, connecting the

towns and the district headquarters of Uttar Pradesh.

3 www.ibef.org

Page | 10

Figure 4: Railway Network in the State (Source: Maps of India)

c) Airways

The state has six domestic airports, located at Agra, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, Lucknow and

Varanasi. International flights operate only from Lucknow and Varanasi airports. New airports have

been proposed at GautamBuddha Nagar, Shrawasti and Kushinagar districts. The Taj International

Airport is the second international airport proposed to be built up in the Delhi-NCR region4.

4 www.ibef.org

Page | 11

Figure 5: Locations of airports in the State (Source: www.ibef.org)

2) Accommodation

In terms of accommodation infrastructure availability across Uttar Pradesh, statistics (2010) from

Ministry of Tourism indicate the following accommodation available across the State:

Table 3: Tourist Accommodation in the State

Accommodation

Facilities available

2009 2010

No. of Hotels No. of Rooms No. of Hotels No. of Rooms

5 Star Deluxe 9 1297 9 1371

5 Star 7 974 13 1919

4 Star 4 228 5 270

3 Star 19 749 35 1321

2 Star 3 78 6 24

1 Star 1 26 2 76

Apartment Hotel 1 44 1 44

Time Share Resort 0 0 - -

Heritage 1 44 2 65

Unclassified 1 12 - -

Silver & Gold - - 167 618

Guest House - - - -

Total 46 3452 240 5924

Source: India Tourism Statistics, 2010

Page | 12

As evident from the Table 3, following observations can be made:

1) Carrying capacity of the tourist cities/destinations in the state have increased in 2010 terms of

hotel accommodation, especially, in 5star and 3 Star hotels categories.

2) There are some hotel categories that have no presence in UP, for instance, Time Share Resorts.

Similarly, inspite of possessing many heritage properties, there is only 2 heritage-rated hotel in all

of UP.

3) Major increase can be observed in the Silver and Gold category accommodation.

Page | 13

3. Initial Screening of the Circuits

3.1 Based on Secondary Research

On the basis of desktop research, informal interaction with the local members of travel and tour

industry in the state as well as State Tourism Development Corporation, following circuits were

identified:

1) Delhi-Mathura-Agra-Jaipur

2) Allahabad-Chitrakoot-Vindhachal-Varanasi

3) Delhi - Lucknow - Sravasti - Kushinagar - Patna - Rajgir - Bodhgaya – Varanasi

4) Delhi - Jaipur - Agra - Khajuraho - Varanasi - Kathmandu - Pokhara - Nagarkot - Kathmandu -

Delhi

3.2 Key Parameters

1) Tourist Profile

Type of tourists visiting a destination depends on the nature of destination. They can be broadly

categorized into domestic and international tourists. This further affects the physical and socio-

economic development of a destination as spending patterns determines the related multiplier effects.

It also governs the type and scale of infrastructure required.

The domestic tourism is higher in the state due to a large number of religious sites like Varanasi,

Allahabad, Ayodhya and Chitrakoot. Generally, bulk of the pilgrims that comes to visit these

locations is low spending. Their average income spending is around Rs.1000/day. This lower

spending is possibly due to lower length of stay or low-income profile of tourists (backpackers).

Partition of Uttar Pradesh is also an important reason as many of the tourist destinations (hill stations)

are now a part of Uttrakhand.

In case of foreign tourists, the scenario is completely different. The average spending is higher i.e.,

Rs.32,000/day. This spending is specific to locations/cities majorly having World Heritage Sites5.

2) Carrying Capacity and Sustainability

The carrying capacity6 assessment and sustainability of tourism in the circuits identified is an

important component of the study as it will form the basis for resource allocation and future

development.

The carrying capacity assessment has been done separately for the circuits, based on city population

(resident), population density and tourist population and density (floating population). The estimation

5 20 Year Perspective Plan for Uttar Pradesh 2002, Department of Tourism, government of India 6 Carrying capacity is defined as maximum number of individuals than a given environment can support without any adverse

impact on it.

Page | 14

has been done by comparing the total density with the city density norms for small, medium and large

town / cities set by Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation Guidelines (UDPFI).

Only such places have been considered that can offer a sustainable value proposition to the tourists

such that when tourism products are offered in those places, they can be maintained as well.

3) Travel and Tour

Generally, tour operators organize trips in such a way that only popular sites can be covered in a given

period of time which, consequently, creates more pressure on such destinations. Therefore, while

selecting the circuits, attempts have been made to promote the sites situated around these popular

destinations which are relatively less developed. These sites will be promoted by providing adequate

tourist infrastructure and basic amenities.

4) Safety

Tourist safety has been considered and attempts have been made not to incorporate any such

destination which is adversely affected in terms of law and order.

Page | 15

4. Stakeholder Consultations

4.1 State Government

Considering the given mandate, a meeting was held on September1, 2011 in the Chamber of Secretary

Tourism between Secretary (GoUP) and representatives of IL&FS IDC for assisting in identifying

tourism projects during 12th Five Year Plan. During the meeting, following identified tourist circuits

(listed as per priority) was discussed:

1) Braj Circuit: Agra, Mathura, Vrindavan, Fatehpur Sikri, Soor Sarovar, Chambal.

2) Buddhist Circuit: Kapilavastu, Sarnath, Varanasi, Sravasti, Sankisa, Kaushambi, Kushinagar,

Lumbini, Bodhgaya.

3) Varanasi Circuit: Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ramnagar, Chunar, Allahabad, Kaimoor Wildlife

Sanctuary, Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary

4) Bundelkhand Circuit: Jhansi, Mahoba, Kakramath, Kalinjar, Deogarh, Samthar, Datia,

Khajuraho, Chanderi, Baruasagar, Orchha

Apart from this, location/sites with sufficient land parcel available with the department (Mathura,

Greater Noida and Varanasi) were also discussed as a part of development of Tourism Park.

4.2 State Level Consultation

Regarding the given mandate, a state level consultation has also undertaken at Mathura on 24th

January, 2012, chaired by Vice Chairman, Mathura Vrindavan Development Authority (MVDA).

During this meeting, the key persons and representatives of INTACH, Department of Tourism,

Mathura and MVDA were also present and gave their inputs regarding their perspective on tourism

development.

Table 4: Stakeholders in State Level Consultation S.

No

Stakeholders Designation Location

1 Mr. Ravindra Singh Principal Secretary, Housing & Urban Development Deptt,

UP Govt

Lucknow

2 Mr. Manoj Kumar

Singh

Secretary, Department of Tourism Lucknow

3 Mr. V.K Panwar Vice Chairman, Mathura Vrindavan Development Authority Lucknow

4 Mr. Deepak Goel Conveyor, INTACH Lucknow

5 Mr. Gautam Goel INTACH Mathura

6 Mr. D.K Sharma Tourist Officer, Department of Tourism Mathura

7 Mrs. Deepti Vats Tourist Officer, Department of Tourism Agra

8 Mr. Abhimanyu Senior Research Officer, Department of Tourism Agra

9 Mr. S.P Sharma DFO Mathura

10 Mr. Genda Lal

Page | 16

S.

No

Stakeholders Designation Location

11 Mr. V.P Singh Assistant

12 Mr. Girish ICD Mathura

13 Mr. A.K Garg P.W.D

14 Mr. A.K Tiwari Jaypee Associate

15 Mr. S.S Johri Water Work Engineer, N.P.P Mathura

16 Mr. J.S U.P Jal Nigam

17 Mr. Rakesh MVDA

4.3 National Level Consultation

During the National-level Stakeholder consultation conducted by the Ministry of Tourism,

recommendations were made that Delhi-Agra-Braj circuit should remain the first priority circuit7.

Suggestions were also there to add Varanasi with the Buddhist circuits of Bihar. Even a new circuit

can be created which will comprise Agra-Khajuraho-Varanasi.

Table 5: Stakeholders in National Level Consultation

S.No Stakeholders Designation Organization Location

1 Shri Bharat Bhushan Director Hotel Association of India New Delhi

2 Shri Gour Kanjilal - Indian Association of Tour

Operators

New Delhi

3 Shri M.D. Kapoor Secretary General Federation of Hotel and

Restaurant Association of India

New Delhi

4 Shri Mandip Singh

Soin

President Eco-Tourism Society of India New Delhi

5 Shri Randhir Brar SVP M/S LE Passage to India Tour

and Travels Pvt Ltd.,

New Delhi

6 Shri Tejbir Singh

Anand

President Adventure Tour Operators

Association

New Delhi

7 Shri Subhash Verma President Association of Domestic Tour

Operator of India

New Delhi

8 Shri Varun Shukla General Manager The Lalit Grand Palace Srinagar

9 Ms. Anju Bhatt Associate Head of Sales The Lalit Grand Palace Srinagar

4.4 Ranked List of Circuits

Based on the discussions with various stakeholders at state and national level, following circuits can

be covered for infrastructural development during 12th Five Year Plan:

1) Braj-Agra Circuit

2) Buddhist Circuit

7 Minutes of Meeting, held at Ministry of Tourism, 19th October,2011

Page | 17

3) Awadh-Ayodhya Ciruit

4) Allahabad-Varanasi Circuit

The consecutive chapter will be more focussed on the detailed description of the destinations covered

during site visit, detailed infrastructure status and related observations. The priority circuit i.e., Braj-

Agra Circuit comprises Agra and Mathura as their main entry-exit points, primarily due to its

connectivity with major urban centres as well as tourist destinations like New Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow,

Allahabad etc. It comprises 8 destinations named as under:

1) Mathura

2) Gokul

3) Vrindavan

4) Govardhan

5) Barsana

6) Nandgaon

7) Agra

8) Fatehpur Sikri

4.5 Carrying Capacity Analysis

Tourism carrying capacity is defined as „the maximum number of people that may visit the tourist

destination without causing destruction of the physical, economic and socio cultural environment and

an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors’ satisfaction.‟ (Alvin Chandy, 2009)

Assessment of TCC is based on three major indicators: Physical-Ecological, Socio-Demographic and

Political- Economic.

Physical and Ecological Indicators are based on fixed components (ecological capacity, assimilative

capacity) and flexible components (infrastructure systems like water supply, electricity,

transportation, etc).

Socio-demographic Indicators refer to social and demographic issues and importance to local

communities, as they relate to the presence and growth of tourism. Some of these can be expressed in

quantitative terms but most require suitable socio- psychological research.

Political-economic Indicators refer to the impacts of tourism on local economic structures, activities,

etc. including competition to other sectors.

The objective of the interventions intended by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India is to

improve the quality and quantity of tourism infrastructure at tourist destinations/circuits in a

sustainable manner. Hence, for the purposes of this report the primary focus would be on the Physical

and Ecological Indicators. It is expected that improvement in physical infrastructure at

Page | 18

destinations/circuits would translate into improvements in the socio-demographic and political-

economic conditions of these places.

Figure 6: Methodology for Carrying Capacity Analysis

The methodology for evaluating the available carrying capacity for the tourist destinations of the

circuit is illustrated in Figure 6 and is described below:

I. Calculation of Existing Load (LEXISTING)

This is done by calculating the following:

a) Resident Population Density (βRP): This was derived by dividing the existing resident

population of the tourist town by its area in hectares (ha.)

b) Domestic Tourist Density (βDT ): This was derived as follows:

Step 1. Domestic Tourist Arrival (TD): Domestic tourist arrivals during peak season (days) was

determined.

Step 2. Domestic Tourist stay days in peak seasons (TDSP): Domestic tourist arrival was

multiplied by average number of days of tourist stay at that tourist town.

TDSP = TD * Stay Average Days

Step 3. Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season (αDSP): This was

evaluated by dividing the number of tourist stay days per season by the number of days

comprising the peak season

αDSP = Stay Average Days / Days Peak Season

Step 4. Domestic Tourist Density (βDT): This was evaluated by dividing Average number of

tourist staying per day during peak season by area of tourist town in hectares.

βDT = αPS / Area

Page | 19

c) Foreign Tourist Density (βFT ): This was derived as follows:

Step 1. Foreign Tourist Arrival (TF): Foreign tourist arrivals during peak season (days) was

determined

Step 2. Tourist stay days in peak seasons (TFSP): Foreign tourist arrival was multiplied by

average number of day of stay for tourist at that tourist town.

TFSP = TF * Stay Average Days

Step 3. Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season (αFSP): This was

evaluated by dividing the number of tourist stay days per season by the number of days

comprising the peak season.

αFSP = Stay Average Days / Days Peak Season

Step 4. Foreign Tourist Density: This was evaluated by diving Average number of tourist

staying per day during peak season by area of tourist town in hectares.

ΒFT = αPS / Area

Aggregate Peak Density (APD) = Resident Population Density + Domestic Tourist Density +Foreign

Tourist Density

APD = βRP + βDT + βFT

Existing Load (LEXISTING) = Aggregate Peak Density * Area of the town

LEXISTING = APD * Area

II. Estimation of Carrying Capacity (CC)

a) UDPFI Density (DUDPFI): The Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation

Guidelines (UDPFI, 1996) guidelines classifies the towns on the basis of population as

mentioned in Table 6.

Table 6: UDPFI Density Limits Towns Population Upper Limit Density (PPH)

Small Town Less than 50000 125

Medium Town 50000 - 500000 150

Large City More than 500000 150

Metro Cities 175

Small Hill Town 20000 75

Medium Hill Town 20000-80000 90

Large Hill Town More than 80000 90

Source: UDPFI Guidelines, 1996

The densities suggested by the UDPFI guidelines as shown in Table 6 are for the standard cases.

Tourist towns which vary from highly eco-sensitive sanctuaries to highly dense pilgrimage places

have specific characteristics and carrying capacities. Thus, UDPFI densities need to be adjusted to

account for these factors, which is done with the help of Normalizing Density (№)

Page | 20

Normalizing Density (№)

Normalizing density is evaluated as follows:

i. Sites were evaluated on a normalizing index (Ni) of range -10 to +10

Negative Indices were adopted for sites where densities were to be allowed on a conservative

scale (i.e. for example places which are ecologically sensitive). Positive Indices were adopted

for sites where densities were to be allowed at higher values than prevailing such as

pilgrimage towns etc.

ii. The values of the indices were evaluated based on a qualitative assessment with respect to the

Physical – Ecological indicators. The indicators that were assessed for the category wise

tourist places are summarized in Table 7.

Table 7: Physical and Ecological Indicators

Physical – Ecological

Indicators

Thematic Areas

Coastal

Area

Islands Protected

Areas

Rural

Areas

Mountain

Resorts

Urban,

Historic

Pilgrimage

Place

Biodiversity

Air Quality

Noise Pollution

Availability of Power

Water

Waste Management

Cultural heritage

Tourist infrastructure

Land Availability

Quality of Transport

Infrastructure

Source: Countries,E.(Dec,2001). Defining, Measuring and Evaluating Carrying Capacity in

European Tourism Destinations.Athens.

Normalizing Density (№) was calculated by multiplying a factor of 10pph by the Normalizing

index.

Normalizing Density (№) = 10* Ni

(The value of 10pph was derived by establishing the boundary conditions of lower and upper

sustainable densities for tourist towns of the relevant categories. To establish the lower limit,

Page | 21

reference was made to the capacity norms cited by World Tourism Organization WTO (Inskeep,

1991). The upper limit was established by determining the densities for saturated tourist towns.)

The Normalizing index (Ni) was evaluated as follows: Each of the applicable indicators for the

corresponding thematic area (to which the tourist destination/circuits belong) were ranked on a scale

of 0-10. The average of the indicators would give the value of the Normalizing index (Ni).

Carrying Capacity Density (CCD) was calculated by summing up the Upper Limit of the relevant

UDPFI density with the Normalizing Density.

Carrying Capacity Density (CCD) = DUDPFI + №

Carrying Capacity (CC) was calculated by multiplying the carrying capacity density with the Area

of the respective town in hectares.

Carrying Capacity (CC) = CCD * Area of Town

Available Capacity was finally evaluated by finding the difference between the Carrying Capacity of

the tourist town and the Existing Load in the town.

Table 8: Social and Demographic Indicators Social Demographic

Indicators

Thematic Areas

Coastal

Area

Islands Protected

Areas

Rural

Areas

Mountain

Resorts

Urban &

Historic

Pilgrimage

Place

Demography

Tourist Flows

Social & Behavioral

Aspects

Health & Hygiene

Safety



Table 9: Political Economic Indicators

Political -Economic

Indicators

Thematic Areas

Coastal

Area

Islands Protected

Areas

Rural Areas Mountain

Resorts

Urban &

Historic

Pilgrimage

Place

Tourism Earnings

and Investment

Employment

Public Expenditure

and Revenue



Available Capacity = Carrying Capacity (CC) - Existing Load (LEXISTING)

Page | 22

Table 10: Evaluation Criterion for Physical and Ecological Indicators

Physical – Ecological

Indicators

Evaluation Criterion

Biodiversity Threatened species, Protected areas as a % of territory and type of ecosystem

Air Quality Population exposure to air pollution - Sox & Nox emission intensities

Noise Pollution Sensitivity to noise pollutions. Allowable decibels limit if specified.

Availability of Power Hours of regular power supply from all energy sources.

Water Intensity of Use of water resources. Drinking water availability @135lpcd.

Waste Management Generation of waste, Movement of hazardous waste, Availability of waste management

system

Cultural & Heritage Listed Buildings and scheduled ancient monuments at risk.

No. of community heritage groups active.

Cultural traditions and communities which are at a risk of getting extinct.

Tourist infrastructure Availability of tourist infrastructure such as on site accommodation, wayside amenities,

signages, restaurants, public convenience, petrol pumps etc.

Land Availability Area of Land available for tourism development.

Quality of Transport

Infrastructure

Inter and Intra city transport connectivity in tourist towns. Availability of Last Mile

connectivity.

Source: White V.,M. G. (2006). Indicators of Sustainibility and Sustainable Tourism: Some Example

Sets. Aberdeen: The Macaulay Institute.

4.6 Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Braj-Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Circuit

Following observations can be drawn from Table 11:

Table 11: Carrying Capacity Assessment for Destinations in Priority Circuit

District Tourist

Town

Destinations Covered Existing

Load

Carrying

Capacity

Available

Capacity

Existing

Load

Carrying

Capacity

Available

Capacity

2010 2020

Mathura Mathura Temples, Kunds,

Ghats & Parikrama

379093 215510 -163583 475113 215510 -259603

Vrindavan Temples, Kunds &

Ghats

72915 49500 -23415 94399 49500 -44899

Govardhan Parikrama & Kund 23235 205425 182190 29245 205425 176180

Barsana Radha Rani Temple 11976 126585 114609 15609 126585 110976

Nandgaon Nandbhavan Temple 12991 72500 59509 17098 72500 55402

Agra Agra TajMahal, Red Fort,

Itmad-ud-Daulah,

Chini-Ka-Rauza,

Chauburji, Sikandra

1717227 2290830 573603 2339822 2290830 -48992

Fatehpur

Sikri

Buland Darwaza, Jama

Masjid, Tomb of Salim

Chisti

46438 152000 105562 74678 152000 77322

Source: Estimations done by Consultant

1) Mathura, Vrindavan, Agra and Fatehpur Sikri have already been saturated and exceeded their

carrying capacity limits.

2) These cities will require planned interventions and more investment in city management and basic

infrastructure rather than any large scale project.

Page | 23

3) Remaining destinations are still growing and have not received the administrative status of city

yet (presently they are Nagar Panchayats). Hence, they have potential for big investments due to

land availability and tourist attractions.

Page | 24

5. Infrastructure Assessment in Braj-Agra Circuit

An assessment of tourism infrastructure between major tourist destinations has been done. Each of the

destinations and their enroute stretches have been assessed and rated on a scale of A, B, C,D and E

wherein, A denotes „Very Good‟, B denotes „Good‟, C denotes „Fair‟, D denotes „Bad‟ and E denotes

„Very Bad‟. The infrastructure assessment sheets are presented as Annexure-I.

Among the selected destinations, while Mathura, Gokul, Vrindavan, Govardhan, Barsana and

Nandgaon are religious destinations, Agra and Fatehpur Sikri are important for heritage tourism. A

brief about these are given below:

1) Braj Region

The major tourist/pilgrim sites in this region include Brajbhoomi, Braj Parikrama, Gokul, Govardhan

(26kms from Vrindavan), Barsana (25kms from Vrindavan), Nandgoan and ISKCON Temple. There

are various temples, ghats and kunds in these destinations which are of mythological and cultural

importance of which Mathura forms the nucleus. These settlements are an integral part of “Braj

Mandal Parikrama Chakra”. Major components of each site have been discussed below:

a) Mathura

This destination comprises kunds, ghats and temples. All these are a part of Mathura Parikrama

which is of 12km length and starts with a dip in Yamuna at Vishram Ghat and then devotees walk

along the route where several temples, ghats and kunds lie. For instance- Rangeshwar Temple,

Bhuteshwar, Kaans Qila, Bhooteshwar Mahadeo, Peepleshwar Mahadeo, and Chamunda Devi.

b) Gokul

It is known as the town where Lord Krishna was brought up in secrecy in the home of his foster

parents. It is nearly 15km from Mathura and is connected by a metalled road.

c) Vrindavan

This is another important place near Mathura which is famous for its kunds, ghats and temples. It

usually takes 2-3 hours to cover this parikrama having a distance of 10 km (6 miles). Places

passed on the way are: Mohana Ter, Kaliya Ghat, Madan Mohan Temple, Imli Tal, Sringara Vat,

and Keshi Ghat. The main day that people do parikrama of Vrindavan is on Ekadasi.

d) Govardhan Parvat

It is an important attraction near Mathura which has religious importance and part of an important

Parikrama. The parikrama starts by taking bath in Manasi Ganga and then one has to take darshan

of Harideva, Manasi Devi and Brahma Kund and have to reach Rinamochana Kund.

e) Barsana

Page | 25

It is the birthplace of Radhaji, situated 21 Kms. to the north of Govardhan. It is connected with a

regular bus service from Mathura to Barsana via Kosi & Govardhan8.

f) Nandgaon

At the foot of a hill 51 km north-east of Mathura is situated the venerable village of Nandgaon. It

is known as the home of Lord Krishna's foster father Nand, in whose memory a temple is erected

on a hill.

According to a pilot survey initiated by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, the total visitors in

the Braj region for the period of 2005-06 were 60.8 lakhs, which accounts for 34.2% of the total

tourism of the state9. Since, the tourist arrival will be restricted to certain occasions; estimation for the

required infrastructural proposals will be done accordingly.

2) Agra and Fatehpur Sikri

There are more than 200 historical buildings in and around Agra which are centers of tourists‟

attraction for both domestic and foreign. Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Itmad-ud-Daulah,

Akbar's Tomb (Sikandra), Jama Masjid, Chini ka Rauza, Ram Bagh and Keetham Lake are important.

Fatehpur Sikri is also an integral part of this circuit, located at a distance of 37 km from the city which

includes Jama Masjid, Tomb of Shaikh Salim Chisti, Palace of Jodha Bai, Birbal Bhawan, Karawan

Serai and Hiran Minar, Panch Mahal and Diwan-e-Khas.

The profile of tourist visiting Agra-Fatehpur Sikri is different from that of Braj as they comprise

tourists of higher income group (domestic) as well as foreign tourists. Generally, foreign tourist

comes with structured package tour and has registered more inflow during October-March, where as

domestic inflow is more during weekends and special occasions (especially from New Delhi, U.P,

M.P and Gujarat). Both the kind of tourists visit selected monuments and do local shopping from

selected emporiums that beautifully showcase the local handicraft and artisan work.

The presence of local handicrafts, cuisines, and lesser known beautiful sites has an “untapped”

potential of holding tourists to a maximum of 2-3 days stay in the circuit.

5.1 Existing Infrastructure in the Circuit

A detailed assessment of the tourism infrastructure between major points covered in the Braj-Agra

Circuit has been mentioned in Annexure 1. Each of the destinations presented has been rated on a

scale of A, B, C,D and E wherein, A denotes „Very Good‟, B denotes „Good‟, C denotes „Fair‟, D

denotes „Poor‟ and E denotes „Very poor‟. The analysis and observations drawn are discussed below:

8 mathura.nic.in

9 Tourism Master Plan for Braj Region, prepared by IIDC and Braj Foundation, October 2008

Page | 26

1) Braj Region

a) Mathura

Pedestrian Walkability

Since, the Parikrama Marg is a mix of different types of road segments and land uses (gullies,

commercial area etc), it does not possess the character of a heritage trail. The roads are also

characterized by mixed traffic conditions as well as designated segregated vehicular movement,

hence, makes this area is more vulnerable to accidents.

Figure 7: Existing Condition of Parikrama Marg

Lack of Information Signages

Parikrama Marg completely lacks in way finding signage systems regarding route demarcation,

utilities, facilities and destination demarcation. Existing signages are very rudimentary.

Lack of street lighting

Only few stretches of main road have proper street lighting. This has an impact of safety and

security of the tourists.

Drainage, sewerage and solid waste management system

Page | 27

There is no functional drainage system in the city. On Parikrama Marg, raw sewerage floating in

near stagnant open drains has a very detrimental impact on the ambience offered to religious

tourists.

Lack of service facilities

There is only 1 public toilet facility on Parikrama Marg at Vishram Ghat and only 3-4 public

water taps along the 14km stretch. Seating benches are also rarely found.

Dilapidated condition of Ghats, temples and heritage sites

Many sites such as Kans Kila, Digambar Jain Temple, Visham Ghat temples etc are in a very bad

condition and hence, needs to be restored as well as redeveloped.

Figure 8: Condition of temples and historic structures in Mathura

f) Gokul and Nandgaon

Despite of its mythological importance, most of time pilgrim as well as tourist skip this place. Since,

they are situated near Mathura (Gokul) and Kosi Kalan (major diversion route in the region); this

place can also be promoted with the help of required interventions such as landscaping, signages,

public conveniences etc.

g) Vrindavan

The major improvements required in the Vrindavan Parikrama Marg are in terms of streetlight,

signages, parking facilities, drinking water and public conveniences. Ghats in Vrindavan also needs to

be redeveloped, between ISKCON to Kesi.

Page | 28

h) Govardhan

Govardhan requires specific improvement in terms of street lighting along Parikrama Marg as well as

restoration of kunds.

i) Barsana

There are nearly 200 steps and steep climb to reach Radha Rani temple which is tiring. Presently,

people take assistant of small palanquin carriers which is quite costly at a time. Hence, there is a

scope of other mode/alternative to the existing situation.

2) Agra

a) Monuments within Agra City

Parking at heritage destinations

Parking availability for tourist vehicles is a major problem. Sites with high tourist inflow such as

Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Sikandra are facing serious problem primarily due to lack of land

availability. In case of Taj, extension in the existing parking space is required.

Figure 9: Condition of Lesser Known Monuments in Agra

Page | 29

Promotional Issues

There is a need to promote few lesser-known monuments that are located near the main

attractions but still deprived tourist attention. After the conservation of these monuments, they can

also be clubbed in the list of “must see” sites.

According to Tourist officer, Department of Tourism, Agra, people mostly come to see Taj

(Agra); they visit Fatehpur Sikri and leave for their respective destinations. Hence, there is a need

to promote lesser known monuments amongst tourists. There is also a need to develop some good

shopping places/activities by utilizing locally available resources so that tourist stays back at least

for a day (night halt).

Infrastructure improvement at lesser known monuments

Basic facilities are required at lesser-known monuments such as Itmad-ud-Daulah, Chini-ka-

Rauza and Chauburji. Restoration of these monuments is also required.

Lack of basic infrastructure facilities for tourists at destinations

To facilitate tourist in the city, Tourist Information Centres (TICs) are required at few locations.

Facility of safe drinking water is also required.

Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri requires high attention on basic facilities and issues rather than tourist related

infrastructure. The city face requires kind attention from the respective management authorities in

following areas:

Figure 10: Existing Facilities at Fatehpur Sikri

o Security issues are more as local guides start chasing and bothering tourist from the toll gate

itself which leaves a very wrong impression among tourists. Because of these touts and nasty

behavior of some local people, tourists (especially foreign) generally don‟t spend much time

at starting and ending points (entrance to monument stretch). It actually hampers income

generation at local level.

Page | 30

Figure 11: Condition of Amenities Available for Tourists

o Unavailability of drinking water facility is another drawback in the development of this

destination. Though there are projects at city level for providing water supply in this region

but still it is a major issue here. Though RO water facility has been provided onsite, restricted

water supply makes them inefficient.

o Continuous Power Supply (available only for 3-4 hours) is an important issue. Presently,

Tourist complex (accommodation) is powered by invertors while Archeological Survey of

India (ASI) has its own sources.

o State Tourism Department has made arrangements at the entrance itself in order to restrict the

private vehicles and take tourists through CNG buses. But due to poor management and

compliance, tourists drive up to the dargah and hence, create related issues, including

pollution.

o There is one Tourist Facilitation Centre at Fatehpur Sikri, setup by UPSTDC right near the

entrance gate which comprises dedicated parking for buses and private vehicles, small

canteen, public toilet (managed by Sulabh), drinking water (one small tank and tap) and small

shopping . But there is no Tourist Information centre at the entrance wherein tourist can get a

fair idea about what all places to visit, how to reach, from where to start etc.

Hence, being a UNESCO heritage site, strict regulation and management is required.

Page | 31

6. Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and

Funding

Table 12: Identified Projects, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding

Projects Indicative Cost

(in Cr.)

Implementing

Agency

Mode of

funding

Existing Schemes

Projects for Braj Region

Mathura Redevelopment of

existing Ghats on western

side of Yamuna

(additional amount

required, 12cr already

sanctioned)

8 Irrigation

Department/

ICD

Public MoT/State Govt

Development of eastern

Ghats of Yamuna across

Vishram Ghat

20 Irrigation

Department/IC

D

Public MoT/ State Govt

Redevelopment of

Balbhadra Kund in

Mathura

2 DoT/ C&DS Public MoT/State Govt

Renovation and

Conservation of Heritage

sites in Mathura

10 MVDA Public MoT/State Govt

Tourism Signages-Braj

region

10 MVDA Public MoT/State Govt

Desilting of Ghats 5 Irrigation

Department/

ICD

Public National River

Conservation Plan

(NRCP), NRCD,

MoEF, GoI

Gokul Restoration of religious

buildings and sites in

Gokul (kunds and ghats)

15 Irrigation

Department/IC

D

Public MoT/State Govt

Vrindavan Redevelopment of Kesi

Ghat

40 Irrigation

Department/

ICD

Public MoT/State Govt/

Theme Park across river

Yamuna (PPP) + Access

road + foot over bridge

(Public)

25 (10+15) Irrigation

Department/

PWD

PPP &

Public

PIDDC/ MoT/State

Govt

Govardhan Development of Parking 10 MVDA PPP MoT/State Govt

Resurfacing of 26km road

stretch form Chatikara

(Vrindavan) to Radha

Kund

13 PWD PPP MoT/State Govt

Resurfacing of 11km road

stretch between

Goverdhan to Barsana

5 PWD PPP MoT/State Govt

Projects for Agra-Fatehpur Sikri

Agra Tourist Interpretation

Centre at Taj (Shilpgram)

2 UPSTDC Public MoT/ UPSTDC

Upgradation of Public

Conveniences at

1 ADA PPP MoT/ UPSTDC

Page | 32


(in Cr.)

Implementing

Agency

Mode of

funding

Existing Schemes

Shilpgram

Tourist Information

Centre (UP tourism) at

New Delhi Airport, Jaipur

Airport and Agra Cantt.

Station

0.02 Department of

Tourism

Public MoT/ UPSTDC

Parking at western gate of

Taj (Basement- for

approx. 300 cars)

10 ASI/ADA PPP JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Security and Access

control at Taj and Agra

Fort

10 ASI Public

Ho-Ho Bus service

connecting all major

tourist sites in Agra (10)

5.5 UPSTDC Public

Development of Night

Bazar (Sadar Bazar Area)

5 Agra

Development

Authority

(ADA)

Public JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Restoration and

Conservation (Chauburji,

Chini-ka-Rauza, Ram

Bagh, Mehtab Bagh)

12 ASI Public JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Public conveniences

Chini-Ka- Rauza

0.5 ASI Public JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Improvement/

Development of approach

road to Chauburji

(surfacing the r.o.w.,

street lights)

0.5 ASI/PWD Public JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Waste management

outside Rambagh (bins at

entry gate)

0.05 Urban Local

Body

Public JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Organized Parking

Facility at Agra Fort

5 Agra

Development

Authority

(ADA)

PPP JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Organized Parking at

Itmad-ud-Daulah

3 Agra

Development

Authority

(ADA)

PPP JnNURM, MoUD,

GoI through UIG &

UIDSSMT sub-

missions

Fatehpur

Sikri

Sufi Interpretation and

Information Centre

(Facilities like site

orientation, visual

display/documentary and

maps)

6 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt

Extension of Existing

Parking

0.75 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt

Page | 33


(in Cr.)

Implementing

Agency

Mode of

funding

Existing Schemes

Museum 2.5 ASI Public Scheme for Financial

Assistance for

`Setting Up,

Promotion &

Strengthening of

Regional and Local

Museums, Ministry

of Culture, GoI

Upgradation of Existing

Underutilized Tourist

Facilitation Centre

(additional facilities like

tourist information office,

internet café, lounge,

better security services,

viewing gallery, good

restaurant, ATM, Forex

and medicine shop)

2.5 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt

Solid Waste Management

(form entry point to

monument and

surrounding area

0.2 Agra

Development

Authority

(ADA)

Public MoT/ State Govt

Permanent barrier (check

post) near Entrance of

facilitation centre to

restrict vehicles

0.2 PWD/ADA Public MoT/ State Govt

Signages (along route

and visual display at

monument entrance)

0.2 ADA Public MoT/ State Govt

Cultural

Centre/amphitheatre for

Sufi Events (400-500

audience)

5 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt

Illumination of

monuments (focus lights)

1 ASI Public MoT/ State Govt

Street lighting (solar

lighting with backup)

2 ADA Public MoT/ State Govt

Audio guide

(simultaneous language

translation in Hindi,

English, French and

Spanish)

0.5 UPSTDC Public MoT/ State Govt

Battery Operated vehicles

from facilitation centre to

monument.

8 ADA PPP MoT/ State Govt

Light and Sound show 5 ASI PPP MoT/ State Govt

Landscaping from

Existing Facilitation

Centre to Monument

entrance

0.04 ADA Public UPSTDC

Total 251.46 Cr.

Page | 34

Proposed Breakup of Investments:

Public Sector : 167.21 Crores

Public Private Partnership : 84.25 Crores

Table 13: PPP Bifurcation of the Proposed Projects

Projects Indicative

Cost (in

Cr.)

Mode of

funding

Public

Funds

Private

Investment

Vrindavan Theme Park across river Yamuna

(PPP)

10 PPP 2.5 7.5

Govardhan Development of Parking 10 PPP 2 8

Resurfacing of 26km road stretch

form Chatikara (Vrindavan) to

Radha Kund

13 PPP 2.6 10.4

Resurfacing of 11km road stretch

between Goverdhan to Barsana

5 PPP 1 4

Agra Upgradation of Public

Conveniences at Shilpgram

1 PPP 0.25 0.75

Parking at western gate of Taj

(Basement- for approx. 300 cars)

10 PPP 2 8

Organized Parking Facility at

Agra Fort

5 PPP 1 4

Organized Parking at Itmad-ud-

Daulah

3 PPP 0.6 2.4

Fatehpur Sikri Sufi Interpretation and

Information Centre (Facilities

like site orientation, visual

display/documentary and maps)

6 PPP 1.5 4.5

Extension of Existing Parking 0.75 PPP 0.15 0.6

Upgradation of Existing

Underutilized Tourist Facilitation

Centre (additional facilities like

tourist information office,

internet café, lounge, better

security services, viewing

gallery, good restaurant, ATM,

Forex and medicine shop)

2.5 PPP 0.625 1.875

Cultural Centre/amphitheatre for

Sufi Events (400-500 audience)

5 PPP 1.25 3.75

Battery Operated vehicles from

facilitation centre to monument.

8 PPP 2 6

Light and Sound show 5 PPP 1.25 3.75

Total (in Cr) 84.25 18.73 65.53

Within PPP projects identified, Rs.18.73 Cr can be facilitated from Public Funds while Rs. 65.53 Cr

from Private Investment.

Page | 35

Table 14: Expected Employment Generation

Location Expected Employment Generation

Mathura 42900

Gokul 11700

Vrindavan 50700

Govardhan 21840

Agra 42564.6

Fathepur Sikri 26434.2

Total Expected Employment Generation 196138.8

36

Annexure – I: Tourist Infrastructure Assessment of Priority Circuit in Uttar Pradesh

Route New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura

Destination Mathura Kunds Mathura Ghats Mathura Temples

Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks

Enroute Distance in km - - - - -

Enroute Approach Road

Quality (A-E) D

-

D

-

C

-

Type of Road (metalled,

unmetalled)

Metalled Metalled Metalled

Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) MDR MDR MDR

Lanes 2 2 2

Riding Quality (A-E) D D C

Enroute

Transport Modes Used by tourists Private Vehicles,

Buses

-

Private Vehicles,

Buses

-

Private Vehicles,

Buses

- (more specific to transport

access to tourist destinations

from various parts of city)

Availability (A-E)

-

-

-

Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability D - C Small food stalls are available C Small food stalls are

available

Petrol Pump/ Service Centre

availability

C - C - C -

Public Convenience

availability

C - C - C -

Enroute Direction Signages

(Inside the city to directing

the tourist destinations)

Sufficiency (A-E) E - E - E

Rudimentary signages

(written on walls) Need to

improve

Languages Hindi Need to increase Hindi Rudimentary signages (written on

walls) Need to improve

Hindi

On Site Land Ownership of the Site Government/ Private - Government/ Private - Government/

Private

-

City/Town

Accommodation Type Budget hotels

Dharamshalas etc

-

Budget hotels

Dharamshalas etc

-

- Capacity N.A N.A

Bed Occupancy N.A N.A

Sufficiency (A-E) C C

On Site

Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) D

-

D

-

D

- Quality(A-E) D D D

37

Route New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura

Destination Mathura Kunds Mathura Ghats Mathura Temples

Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks

On Site Solid Waste Management A-E D - D - D -

On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC - AC - AC -

On Site

Parking

Sufficiency (A-E) E

-

E

-

E

-

Availability of Land for

future parking

D D D

Area of this land (approx) N.A N.A N.A

On Site/or in

City

Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) N - N

-

N

- Quality (A-E) - - - -

Trained Guides Availability (A-E) D - D D

On Site

Information Signages Sufficiency (A-E) D Required both in Hindi and

English

D Required both in Hindi and

English

D Required both in Hindi and

English

Languages Hindi - Hindi Hindi

On Site

Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) D Required D Required D Required

Quality (A-E) D D D

On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) D Required D Required D Required

On Site

Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C - C -

-

C -

Quality (A-E) C - C C -

On Site

Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) D - D

-

D

- Quality (A-E) C - C C

38

Route Mathura to Govardhan Govardhan to Barsana Barsana to Nandgaon

Destination Parikrama Marg Barsana (Radha-Rani Temple) Nandgaon

Enroute/

Onsite

Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks

Enroute Distance in km 23km - 21km 7km -

Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) C Initial 2-3kms stretch from

Mathura to Govardhan

(diversion) is in bad condition

due to heavy traffic and market.

E Road condition is pathetic and

requires resurfacing. Whole stretch

passes through villages and,

therefore, has rural character.

C

-


unmetalled)


Typology (NH/SH/

MDR)

MDR MDR MDR

Lanes 2 2 2

Riding Quality (A-E) D E D

Enroute Transport (more specific to

transport access to tourist

destinations from various

parts of city)

Modes Used by tourists Private vehicles Private vehicles/State tourism

buses drop at Bus stand.

Tourists have to arrange vehicle

from there or else rely on local

modes.

Private vehicle This road is majorly used during

festive seasons and religious

occasions. Whole stretch has rural

character.

Private vehicle

-

Availability (A-E) - - -

Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability C - E None of these facilities are available E -

Petrol Pump/ Service

Centre availability

D - E E -

Public Convenience

availability

D - E E -

Enroute Direction Signages (Inside the

city to directing the tourist

destinations)

Sufficiency (A-E) C Mainly milestones are there

showing distances

D Mainly milestones are there showing

distances.

C

- Languages Hindi, English Hindi, English Hindi, English

On Site Land ownership of the Site Government/Private - Government/

Private

- Government/

Private

-

City/Town Accommodation Type Hotel/resorts Few hotel/resorts available

between Mathura Govardhan

route.

Ashrams Accommodation facility is almost

absent as people generally doesn‟t

stay at Barsana.

- Not applicable as tourist doesn‟t

stay here and people only come to

see the place where Lord Krishna

spent his childhood

Capacity N.A

-

Bed Occupancy N.A

-

Sufficiency (A-E) N.A -

On Site

Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) C Packed water bottles are

available.

C Packed water bottles are available. D Packed water bottles are

available. Quality(A-E) C C D

39

Route Mathura to Govardhan Govardhan to Barsana Barsana to Nandgaon

Destination Parikrama Marg Barsana (Radha-Rani Temple) Nandgaon

Enroute/

Onsite


On Site Solid Waste Management A-E E C - D Required


On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) E C

-

D

-


future parking

- -

Area of this land

(approx)

- -

On Site/or in

City

Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) N Some of the local people have

taken up the profession of

guiding tourists.

N

-

N

- Quality (A-E) - - -

Trained Guides Availability (A-E) C C E

On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-E) D Needs to be increased D Needs to be increased D Needs to be increased

Languages Hindi Hindi Hindi

On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) C Needs to be increased D Needs to be increased D

- Quality (A-E) D C C

On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) D Needs to be increased C Improvement required D Improvement required

On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C

-

C

-

C

- Quality (A-E) B C C

On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) D

-

C Street lights along route were

affected by power supply. Almost

blackout enroute till the immediate

periphery (3kms) from the temple

C

- Quality (A-E) D C

C

40

Route Mathura to Agra Agra City (Taj Mahal to Agra Fort) Agra City (Agra fort to BabyTaj)

Destination Taj Mahal Agra Fort Itmad-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj)

Enroute/On

site


Enroute Distance in km 58kms - 4kms - 2kms Congested route

Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) B Connected to a major road from

SH 62

B Located at Yamuna Kinara Road B Congested route with heavy

vehicular inflow Type of Road (metalled,

unmetalled)


Typology (NH/SH/

MDR)

SH 62 SH 62 NH 93

Lanes 2 2 2

Riding Quality (A-E) B B B




parts of city)

Modes Used by tourists UPSRTC buses, private

vehicles

Tourist buses are available in

package tours. Private car/taxi

hiring for full day covering all

city monuments is a general

practice

UPSRTC buses,

private vehicles

Tourist buses are available in

package tours. Private car/taxi

hiring for full day covering all

city monuments is a general

practice

Private vehicles It is among one of the lesser

known monuments in the city

Availability (A-E) C C C

Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability B Since the destination is within the

city, all facilities are available

nearby.

C Distance between Taj and Fort is

very less and conveniences are

available at both the sites

D Situated at very short distance


Centre availability

B C D

Public Convenience

availability

D D D




Sufficiency (A-E) C Increase in number of signages is

advisable.

C Increase in number of signages is

advisable.

C

-

Languages Hindi, English Hindi, English Hindi, English

On Site Land ownership of the Site Government - Government - Government -

City/Town Accommodation Type Deluxe, 3 Star, 2Star,

Budget hotel etc

Good accommodation facility

available within the city.

Renowned hotel groups like

Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc

are present in the city.

Deluxe, 3 Star,

2Star, Budget

hotel etc




Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc are

present in the city.

Deluxe, 3 Star, 2Star,

Budget hotel etc




Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc are

present in the city Capacity - - -

Bed Occupancy 70-80% 70-80% 70-80%

Sufficiency (A-E) C C C

On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) B Available on site both packed

bottles as well as water taps with

B Available on site both packed

bottles as well as water taps with

B RO water taps available on site

Quality(A-E) B B B

41



Enroute/On

site


RO water facility RO water facility

On Site Solid Waste Management A-E A Site maintained by ASI A - B Waste management outside

monument is required. Open

drains need to be cover-up


On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) B Needs to increase keeping future

requirement. Land parcel is

available at western gate which

can be developed by Agra

Development Authority (ADA)

D No dedicated parking facility

available.

D No dedicated parking facility

available due to problem of land

availability Availability of Land for

future parking

Defense Land at western

gate

No -

Area of this land

(approx)

- - -

On Site/ or

in City

Tourist Information

Centers

Available (Y/N) N TIC available only at Agra Cantt.

Station and its condition is also

not good.

N TIC available only at Agra Cantt.

Station and its condition is also

not good. Need to provide at Taj

or Fort for onsite assistance.

TIC is available only at Agra

Cantt. Station and its condition is

also not good. Quality (A-E) - -

Trained Guides Availability (A-E) - -

On Site Information Signages

Sufficiency (A-E) A Mostly in English A

-

D

- Languages Hindi, English Hindi, English Hindi, English

On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) B Limited arrangement done and

maintained by ASI

B Limited arrangement done and

maintained by ASI

C

- Quality (A-E) B B C

On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) B Site maintained by ASI B Site maintained by ASI B Site maintained by ASI

On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) B Very costly due to high influx of

foreign tourist

B

-

C -

Quality (A-E) A A C -

On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) B

-

B

-

C -

Quality (A-E) B B C -

42

Route Agra City (Baby Taj to Chauburji) Agra City (Chauburji-Chini-Ka-Rauza) Agra to Fatehpur Sikri

Destination Chauburji Cini-ka-Rauza Fatehpur Sikri

Enroute/

Onsite


Enroute Distance in km 300 m - - - 36 km -

Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) B

-

D Encroachment along the

road (enroute)

B Good Quality Approach Road


unmetalled)


Typology (NH/SH/

MDR)

City road City road MDR (SH)

Lanes 2 2 2

Riding Quality (A-E) B B A




parts of city)

Modes Used by tourists Auto Rickshaw, Private

Taxi

-

Auto Rickshaw,

Private Taxi

-

UPSRTC buses

(Jaipur), Private

Vehicles (cab etc)

Convenient destination accessibility only

through Private vehicles or Para Transit. No

Public Transport Connectivity.

Availability (A-E) C C C

Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability B

-

B

-

D No good quality facilities are available for

tourists


Centre availability

C C C

-

Public Convenience

availability

C C D No facility enroute




Sufficiency (A-E) D

-

D

-

C Needs to be increased in English, Hindi and

Urdu languages

Languages D D English, Hindi

On Site Land ownership of the Site Govt/Private - Govt/Private - Govt/Private -

City/Town Accommodation Type Deluxe, 3 Star, 2Star,

Budget hotel etc




Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc

are present in the city.

Deluxe, 3 Star,

2Star, Budget hotel

etc

Good accommodation

facility available within the

city. Renowned hotel groups

like Oberoi-Amarvilas,

Trident etc are present in the

city.

UPSTDC

Accommodation

available in City

-

Capacity - - -

Bed Occupancy 70-80% 70-80% 15-20% in peak season

Sufficiency (A-E) C C

Sufficient as the site is majorly considered as

By-pass destination between Agra and Jaipur

43



Enroute/On

site


On Site

Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) D It is a lesser known site,

therefore, no proper

arrangement

D It is a lesser known site,

therefore, no proper

arrangement

C Though RO plants available, regular water

supply is a major issue on site. Packaged

drinking water is carried by tourists. Quality(A-E) D D C

On Site Solid Waste Management A-E D No arrangement D No arrangement B Additional waste bins are required especially

at entrance.

On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC - AC - AC Continuous power supply is a major issue

onsite as it is available for only 3-4hours

On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) D

-

D

-

C Currently, UPSTDC has made parking

facility for tourist vehicles near entrance and

running CNG buses till monument but “it is

not managed properly and not strictly

followed by tourist”, resulting in

unauthorized development nearby.


future parking

- - C

Area of this land

(approx)

- - -

On Site/ or

in City

Tourist Information

Centers

Available (Y/N) N TIC available only at Agra

Cantt. Station and its

condition is also not good.

N TIC available only at Agra

Cantt. Station and its

condition is also not good.

N Required TIC. Harassment of tourists by

touts is a major issue right from toll till

monument. This leaves a very wrong

impression amongst foreign (majorly) and

domestic tourist.

Quality (A-E) - - -

Trained Guides Availability (A-E) - - C

On Site Information Signages

Sufficiency (A-E) D Required D Required B -

Languages - - English, Urdu The information Signages are rusting and

peeled off. Some have also fallen off.

On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) D Monument under ASI, work in

progress

D Monument under ASI. Need

attention

B Currently only open concrete benches are

available. Shaded seating places are needed Quality (A-E) D D B

On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) E - E - C Available at existing facilitation centre and

inside monuments. It needs to be improved at

facilitation centre itself as it suffers due to

lack of basic infrastructure like regular water

supply problem.

On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) D

-

D

-

C

Quality (A-E) D D C

On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) D

-

D

-

B Many Street lights not functioning. Night

illumination is interrupted due to power

problem which needs to be improved.

Illumination required at monuments.

Quality (A-E) D D

B

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