identifying and managing dilemmas for sustainable ... project . value proposition . motivation . ......

1

Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU

1

Identifying And Managing Dilemmas For Sustainable Development Of Rural India

Abhishek Yadav Graduate Research Assistant

The Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

Ashok K. Das Founder CEO

SunMoksha Power Private Limited Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560078

Ram Babu Roy

Assistant Professor Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal, India 721302

Archana Chatterjee National Coordinator

Mangroves For the Future International Union for Conservation of Nature

New Delhi, India 110 016

Janet K. Allen

John and Mary Chair and Professor Industrial and Systems Engineering

The Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

Farrokh Mistree LA Comp Chair and Professor

Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering The Systems Realization Laboratory @ OU

The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

Paper: DETC2017-67592

2


2

Motivation

• Three billion people (50% of world’s population) live in poverty earning less than $2.50/day. – 270 million of them are in rural parts of India.

• Huge disparity of wealth and access to resources is seen all over the world.

• Along with it, there is drastic depletion of natural resources, fresh water scarcity,

and loss of biodiversity. – This creates a blockade for the development of people.

• Multiple policies and interventions have been implemented internationally to

eradicate the poverty.

Pilot Project Value Proposition In the Paper Way Forward Motivation

3


3

The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India


Lights and electricity • Throughout the year, nights are dark • Only one street light functioning

– Acts as a hub for social life – A key component missing for the

villagers

Livelihood activities • Seasonal cultivation – once a year,

rainy season • Off-season, no agricultural activity,

despite running streams • Only few employment activities –

eco resort, poultry, and out-of-village labor

4


4

The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India

Roles – People, Planet and Profit People – or citizens – are the center for development

– Range from basic lighting to running appliances and equipment

– Children and youth are the focus for basic education, skill development, and micro-entrepreneurship

Planet – live and let live Surrounded by forest and forest animals Must be protected from them, as well as, must protect the animals

Profit for the community Microenterprises to improve livelihood is a key goal of the people


(Water is farmer’s life, Electricity livelihood) – Mahishanand Sardar, Baharbari Village, Bihar

“पानी है तो �कसान है, �बजल� है तो रोजी है”

Our Goal: Empower farmers and villagers

Must move farmers up the value chain • Improve agriculture output, and produce value to increase income • Create Micro-Economic Zones (MEZ) to groom micro-entrepreneurs, increase income

– Reduce the pressure on agriculture and land, and lead to triple bottom-line impact – Reduce pressure on cities, as more and more people find opportunities in the village

5


5

The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India Problem: Lack of electricity hinders the socio-economic development of the villagers. Opportunity: Supply of electricity from renewable energy sources at an affordable cost achievable through Smart Nanogrid solution with IoT and Cloud-based remote management of the grid. Impact: Affordable, sustainable, modular electricity solution resulting in increased economic development and quality of life.

Value Proposition Provide sustainable, affordable electricity to the villagers with an aim to improve their socio-economic status, yet without disturbing the animals in the reserve.

India’s First Smart-Grid Village


6


6

Solution To Poverty: Empowering People You give a poor man a fish and you feed him for a day. You teach him to fish and give him an occupation that will feed him for a lifetime – Chinese proverb

Various value proposition that helped in empowering the poor • Grameen Bank (Started in 1983), Bangladesh

- Currently has 9 Million borrower, 97% of them are women - 200 000 families under poverty have empowered themselves

• Amul, a dairy cooperative from Gujrat, India – Jointly owned by 3 million small farmers – 80% profits are received directly by farmers9


7


7

Value Proposition Needed For Empowering People

• Need for rural development to be initiated from within the communities

• Our task is to develop and provide value proposition (tools and resources) for community to improve their quality of living

• Value propositions must be sustainable to provide long term impact and support to the rural community.

• Question: What is the minimum cash flow needed to uplift the lives of villagers and get them to take care of the environment?


8


8

Economy/ Monetary

Resources/ Profit

(Minimum Cash Flow)

Environment/ Resources/ Planet

Social/ Human resources/

People

Solutions Needed Anchored In Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development

Question What is the minimum cash flow needed to uplift the lives of villagers/people and get them to take care of the environment?


9


9

Challenges In Developing Sustainable Value Proposition

• Value proposition must be developed for improving standard of living of the people – Social entrepreneurs working for the people are needed instead of

business entrepreneurs

• For sustainable solutions, all the three drivers must be taken into account. – For each driver the goals are opposite from other two drivers. – Conflicts between drivers (Dilemmas) arise for sustainable

development leading to a Zero-One solution – Social entrepreneur need to convert these zero-one solutions to

positive solutions


10


10

Bearable, Equitable, And Viable Solutions • Most of the value proposition created concentrate on one or two out of the three

pillars of sustainability (i.e. Social , Economics, Environment). • Specially, value proposition developed are inclined towards economic (Profit) and

social(People) aspects but fail to take into account environment (Planet), which is very crucial for a long term development.


11


11

Our Contribution

• In this paper, we present a method for identifying conflicts (Dilemmas) that have Zero-Sum solutions between the three drivers of sustainability

• We use the construct of Dilemma Triangle and Pillars of Sustainability together to identify and manage dilemmas associated with creating a sustainable eco-system.

• We use an example of a village in India to illustrate the method proposed.

• The dilemma triangle method can be used in multi-disciplinary fields and is a

tool that can be used by designers from different disciplines to collaborate with each other.


12


12

Way Forward: A Systematic Methodology & Tool to Assess Impact

• Develop a framework to support system for Social Entrepreneur

IDETC 17 with

SunMoksha

Proposed Framework of Value Proposition development and Impact Evaluation Model (VPIEM)


Spring ‘17 at SRL

Summer ’17 and Fall ‘17

with TCS, Pune and

SunMoksha

13


13

Way Forward: Smart Integration of IT and Operational Technology

Development and monitoring of NanoSolutions

Modelling Impact of NanoSolutions using Simulations

IoT+IT+Cloud

System Dynamics Model of Smart Village

IT Software TCS, Pune

Cyber-Physical-Social System Integration of IT and OT

OT/Data


Sensors

Local Server

Distribution & Control

WiFi and Mobile App

CLOUD

VSAT/Cloud

$ Metering/Billing

Demand Managmt

Remote Monitoring

14


14

Acknowledgments

• The authors thank the students of ‘AME5303-Designing for Open Innovation,’ University of Oklahoma, Fall 2016, for compiling the data for the village.

• Farrokh Mistree thanks Dr. Asoke Deysarkar, for sponsoring a workshop at IIT Kharagpur in May 2016 that resulted in the collaboration between the authors based India and the US.

• Funding from the L.A. Comp Chair to support Abhishek Yadav and the travel expenses of Dr. Ashok Das.

• Dr. Vinay Kulkarni, Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, India for internship for Abhishek Yadav.

15


15

BACKGROUND SLIDES

16


16

Chhotkei – from darkness to luminance

Livelihood/MEZ

Access to Energy

17


17

Increase in electricity usage over time Months from start of plant

Household loads added Livelihood loads added Irrigation Loads

0 1. 2 lights, fans, charger, 2. Some TVs/DVPs 3. 5pm-5am

2 Kirana shops None

3 1. Dish Antenna, TVs 2. 12noon-5am (for fan)

1. Fridge at kirana shop 2. Microwave oven for

lodge 3. Grinder/mixer for lodge

1. Water pumping at lodge, replace DG

6 More Dish Antenna, fans, TVs

1. Refrigerator at lodge 2. Hot plate at lodge 3. Photocopying

9 Even more Dish Antenna, fans, TVs

1. Evening tuition (3) 2. Photocopy and studio 3. Sewing machine 4. Small kirana shop moves

to larger shop 5. Eco Lodge constructing

new cottages

Started looking for funds for irrigation pumps and borewell

identifying and managing dilemmas for sustainable ... project . value proposition . motivation . ......

Documents