identifying rhetorical strategies: logos, pathos, and … · identifying rhetorical strategies:...

2
AP Lang 2014 Identifying Rhetorical Strategies: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Rhetoric: The art of using language persuasively and effectively Logos = Reason/Logic The use of logic, rationality, and critical reasoning to persuade. Logos appeals to the mind. Logos seeks to persuade the reader intellectually. To appeal to reason or logic Theoretical, abstract language Denotative meanings/reasons Literal and historical analogies Definitions Factual data and statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions How can you use this appeal? Provide sufficient evidence from empirical sources and sound reasoning. This appeal is matter-of-fact. It is very useful; if used appropriately, it can be extremely effective for persuading people to believe something. Pathos = Emotion The use of emotion and affect to persuade. Pathos appeals to the heart and to one’s emotions. Pathos seeks to persuade the reader emotionally. To appeal to emotion Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Connotative meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language How can you use this appeal? Draw readers in by offering emotionally charged reasoning. This rhetorical appeal is often used to elicit a specific response such as outrage, anger, sadness, happiness, desire, and so on. The plan is that if the intended audience feels the emotional response, they will be persuaded. Ethos = Ethics and Credibility The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s authority, credibility, and believability as he/she speaks or writes. Ethos appeals to ethics and character. Ethos seeks to persuade the reader that the writer/speaker can be trusted and believed due to his/her noble character or ethical ways in which he/she is presenting ideas. To appeal to moral philosophy or credulity Language appropriate to audience and subject Restrained, sincere, fair-minded presentation Appropriate level of vocabulary Clear articulation Multiple perspectives How can you use this appeal? Demonstrate your reliability, credibility, and moral philosophy. It can also persuade the audience by challenging their ethics. This might occur if it seems that only an unscrupulous audience would disagree with you.

Upload: phamphuc

Post on 30-Jun-2018

216 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

AP Lang

2014

Identifying Rhetorical Strategies: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Rhetoric: The art of using language persuasively and effectively

Logos = Reason/Logic The use of logic, rationality, and critical reasoning to persuade. Logos appeals to the mind. Logos seeks to persuade the reader intellectually.

To appeal to reason or logic

Theoretical, abstract language Denotative meanings/reasons Literal and historical analogies Definitions Factual data and statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions

How can you use this appeal? Provide sufficient evidence from empirical sources and sound reasoning. This appeal is matter-of-fact. It is very useful; if used appropriately, it can be extremely effective for persuading people to believe something.

Pathos = Emotion The use of emotion and affect to persuade. Pathos appeals to the heart and to one’s emotions. Pathos seeks to persuade the reader emotionally.

To appeal to emotion

Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Connotative meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language

How can you use this appeal? Draw readers in by offering emotionally charged reasoning. This rhetorical appeal is often used to elicit a specific response such as outrage, anger, sadness, happiness, desire, and so on. The plan is that if the intended audience feels the emotional response, they will be persuaded.

Ethos = Ethics and Credibility The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s authority, credibility, and believability as he/she speaks or writes. Ethos appeals to ethics and character. Ethos seeks to persuade the reader that the writer/speaker can be trusted and believed due to his/her noble character or ethical ways in which he/she is presenting ideas.

To appeal to moral philosophy or credulity

Language appropriate to audience and subject

Restrained, sincere, fair-minded presentation

Appropriate level of vocabulary Clear articulation Multiple perspectives

How can you use this appeal? Demonstrate your reliability, credibility, and moral philosophy. It can also persuade the audience by challenging their ethics. This might occur if it seems that only an unscrupulous audience would disagree with you.

Identifying Rhetorical Strategies in Thoreau’s “On Civil Disobedience” Logos = Logic The use of logic, rationality, and critical reasoning to persuade. Logos appeals to the mind. Logos seeks to persuade the reader intellectually. List three quotes using logos from “CD” and specific sub-category within logos

Quote Sub-Category

Pathos = Emotion The use of emotion and affect to persuade. Pathos appeals to the heart and to one’s emotions. Pathos seeks to persuade the reader emotionally. List three quotes using pathos from “CD” and specific sub-category within pathos

Quote Sub-Category

Ethos = Ethics and Credibility The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s authority, credibility, and believability as he/she speaks or writes. Ethos appeals to ethics and character. Ethos seeks to persuade the reader that the writer/speaker can be trusted and believed due to his/her noble character or ethical ways in which he/she is presenting ideas.

List three quotes using ethos from “CD” and specific sub-category within ethos

Quote Sub-Category