Identifying ViolationsIdentifying ViolationsExploration 3AExploration 3A

Ms. RipleyMs. Ripley

What rule was Violated What rule was Violated and Why?and Why?

Voices from WarVoices from War What are the basic rules of IHL?What are the basic rules of IHL? Chart looking at which rule was Chart looking at which rule was

violatedviolated

Voices from WarVoices from War

Voices from WarVoices from War

What Rule was Violated?What Rule was Violated?

Basic Rules of IHLBasic Rules of IHL

How one violation leads How one violation leads to anotherto another

Find statements that show a link Find statements that show a link between one violation and another between one violation and another that follows as a consequence.that follows as a consequence.

How could violations that you have How could violations that you have identified lead to other violations?identified lead to other violations?

Report your chains of Report your chains of consequences of violations to the consequences of violations to the class.class.

An officer serving in An officer serving in an occupied areaan occupied area

As a young officer, when I had just As a young officer, when I had just finished the officer course, I was finished the officer course, I was walking down a street. It was some walking down a street. It was some holiday. We were five soldiers just holiday. We were five soldiers just looking around to see if everything looking around to see if everything was cool. And then in a matter of was cool. And then in a matter of minutes we were surrounded by minutes we were surrounded by maybe four or five thousand people maybe four or five thousand people who started throwing stones.who started throwing stones.

An officer serving in An officer serving in an occupied areaan occupied area

They were all very angry because They were all very angry because someone had got hurt in a refugee camp. someone had got hurt in a refugee camp. It was truly a danger to life because It was truly a danger to life because everyone was excited, and I had to think everyone was excited, and I had to think about how to get my soldiers out of about how to get my soldiers out of there. I only had my gun and real bullets there. I only had my gun and real bullets and I had to get my soldiers out of there and I had to get my soldiers out of there so I shot, I shot down to the legs, but I so I shot, I shot down to the legs, but I shot ten, twelve times, to get myself out shot ten, twelve times, to get myself out of there, and I got out of it.of there, and I got out of it.

Victim of IHL violationsVictim of IHL violations

Why do soldiers attack civilians Why do soldiers attack civilians even when they know it is wrong? even when they know it is wrong? They were probably told something They were probably told something or promised something big. They or promised something big. They have been stimulated to do more have been stimulated to do more evil. So they do not think much. evil. So they do not think much. What I do not understand is what What I do not understand is what happened to their human mind.happened to their human mind.

Can we limit future Can we limit future violationsviolations

Choose one kind of violation to work on Choose one kind of violation to work on as a group.as a group.

Suggest ways to limit the violation.Suggest ways to limit the violation. What consequences is each suggestion What consequences is each suggestion

likely to have? What in turn, would likely to have? What in turn, would each of those consequences lead to?each of those consequences lead to?

Do you think that most nations would Do you think that most nations would agree to the suggestions? Why or why agree to the suggestions? Why or why not? How would they be monitored?not? How would they be monitored?

Can you think of examples from the Can you think of examples from the news of violations escalating?news of violations escalating?

Key IdeasKey Ideas

The rules of IHL are designed specifically The rules of IHL are designed specifically for situations of armed conflict.for situations of armed conflict.

Violations often lead to chain reaction of Violations often lead to chain reaction of further violationsfurther violations

People give a variety of reasons for People give a variety of reasons for violations sometimes taking place. Such violations sometimes taking place. Such reasons include revenge, combat in reasons include revenge, combat in residential areas, thinking civilians are residential areas, thinking civilians are aiding the enemy, illegal orders from aiding the enemy, illegal orders from superiors, etc.superiors, etc.

Extension ActivityExtension Activity

CommunicationCommunication Write a joint paper about the violotion Write a joint paper about the violotion

the group chose in step 3 (can we limit the group chose in step 3 (can we limit future violations?) and the ways that future violations?) and the ways that you will propose to limit violations in the you will propose to limit violations in the future. Or make drawings to illustrate future. Or make drawings to illustrate the violation. Or make posters to the violation. Or make posters to promote the proposals. Contribute the promote the proposals. Contribute the work to the EHL page on work to the EHL page on www.icrc.orgwww.icrc.org

Chains of ConsequencesChains of Consequences

Select a violation and make a diagram of the Select a violation and make a diagram of the chains of consequences that the violation chains of consequences that the violation could lead to. Some consequences may lead could lead to. Some consequences may lead to multiple chains of consequences. Thus a to multiple chains of consequences. Thus a web of chains develops. web of chains develops.

Debate:Debate:A just law that is often broken is better A just law that is often broken is better than no law at all.than no law at all.

How to do this:How to do this:

Break into teams (2 debate teams and a judging team)Break into teams (2 debate teams and a judging team) Teams should review their notes and any other useful Teams should review their notes and any other useful

resource. resource. Each team should plan the following: Each team should plan the following: A five min presentation, A five min presentation, Point that you think the other team will make against Point that you think the other team will make against

your positionyour position Their responses to the pointsTheir responses to the points

Considerations could include: the effect of often Considerations could include: the effect of often disrespecting laws, examples of laws other than IHL that disrespecting laws, examples of laws other than IHL that are often broken yet valued, history of acceptance of laws are often broken yet valued, history of acceptance of laws over time, the value of a law as an ideal, what over time, the value of a law as an ideal, what alternatives other than law exist.alternatives other than law exist.

During the planning time, the judging team should work During the planning time, the judging team should work out the criteria for judging the debate.out the criteria for judging the debate.

DebateDebate

QuestionsQuestions How do you think this debate How do you think this debate

applies to IHL?applies to IHL? Are there other examples of laws Are there other examples of laws

that are valued even though they that are valued even though they are often broken?are often broken?