identity and subjectivity

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ultural study Presented by Zaenul Wafa

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Page 1: Identity and subjectivity

Cultural studyPresented by Zaenul Wafa

Page 2: Identity and subjectivity

IDENTITY AND SUBJECTIVITY

ZAENUL WAFA

Page 3: Identity and subjectivity

SUBJECTIVITY

AND

IDENTITY

Page 4: Identity and subjectivity

SUBJECTIVITY

 the condition of being a person and the processes by which we become a person; that is,  how  we  are  constituted  as  subjects  (biologically  and  culturally)  and  how  we experience ourselves 

SELF-IDENTITY

 the verbal conceptions we hold about ourselves and our emotional identification with those self-descriptions; 

SOCIAL IDENTITY the expectations and opinions that others have of us. 

TERMS

identity is a process through unconscious system

Page 5: Identity and subjectivity

Essentialism : identity is a basic reflection of us ; masculine, feminism, Asian

Anti-essentialism : identity is flexible, it is formed by discourse, cultural in time and place

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SELF-IDENTITY

GIDDEN

PROJECTBuilds

The mode of thinking

about ourselves

What we think, we want to beas

The Trajectory our hoped for future

describes

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terms

SUBJECTIVITY

 the condition of being a person and the processes by which we become a person; that is, how we are constituted as subjects (biologically and culturally) and how we experience ourselves (process of being person; how we are formed/labeled as subject) e.g: partai wong cilik, orang pinter minum tolak angin. 

SELF-IDENTITY

 the verbal conceptions we hold about ourselves and our emotionalidentification with those self-descriptions;

 our cloth we put on is the self description of us

SOCIAL IDENTITY the expectations and opinions that others have of us. 

Page 8: Identity and subjectivity

Personhood as a cultural production

• For cultural studies   what it means to be a person is social and cultural 'all the way down”      That is, identities are wholly social constructions and cannot 'exist'     outside of cultural representations. They are the consequence of  acculturation.

Identity is best understood not as a fixed entity but as an emotionally charged discursive

description of ourselves that is subject to change.

Page 9: Identity and subjectivity

Self-identity as a project

• Giddens  (1991), self-identity  is constituted by the ability  to sustain a narrative  about  the  self.  This  includes  the  capacity  to  build  up  a consistent feeling of biographical continuity.• Identity stories attempt to answer the critical questions What to do? How to act? Who to be?

identity is a mode of thinking about ourselves. Of course, what we think we are changes from circumstance to circumstance in time and space.

Page 10: Identity and subjectivity

Social identities

What we are in our society byAssociating with society (acculturation)

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The enlightenment

subject

 A subject identity is formed through tendency to use (reason, consciousness and action) to decide identity not taking for granted 

Sociological subject

 Subject identity is formed by interaction between ourselves and environment 

Postmodern subject

 Subject identity is not flexible. It can change based on place and time.“the identity that someone brings since born to death actually is because of construction of self-narration that holds and believes“The decentered or postmodern self involves the subject

in shifting, fragmented and multiple identities. Persons are composed not of one but of several, sometimes

contradictory, identities”

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SOCIAL THEORY AND FRACTURED SUBJECT

MARXISM

PSYCHOANALYSIS

FEMINISM

THE CENTRALITY OF LANGUAGE

THE WORK OF FOUCAULT

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MARXISM

Subject is formed by ideology (world view)

I am male and she is female; I am black and she is white;

I am a liberal and she is a nationalist

The general point here is that subjects are formed through difference

as constituted by the play of signifiers.

Thus, what we are is in part constituted by what we are not. In this context,

Hall's Marxism points to the historically

specific character of identity and to a fractured subject formed in ideology.

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psychoanalysis

• the great strength of psychoanalysis lies in its rejection of the fixed nature of subjects and sexuality in favor of exploring the construction and formation of subjectivity.

Page 15: Identity and subjectivity

Feminism and difference

• Feminism can be understood both as a diverse body of theoretical work and as a social and political movement. In either case, feminism has sought to examine the position of women in society and to further their interests.

sex and gender are social and cultural constructions that are not reducible to biology. This is an anti-essentialist stance where femininity and masculinity are not essential universal and eternal categories;

rather, they are understood to be discursive constructions.

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language is not a mirror that reflects an independent object world ('reality'). Rather, it is a resource that 'lends form' to ourselves and our world. Here, identity is to be understood not as a fixed, eternal thing, nor as an inner essence of a person to which words refer. Instead the concept of identity refers to a regulated way of 'speaking' about persons. The idea that identities are discursive constructions is supported by a view of language in which there are no essences to which language refers and therefore no essential identities.

LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY

Language does not express an already existent 'true self' but brings the self into being. Language generates meanings through a series of unstable and relational differences. However, it is also regulated within discourses that define, construct and produce their objects of knowledge. Consequently, what we can say about the identity characteristics of, for example, a man is socially limited. Identities are discursive constructions that do not refer to an already existent 'thing'. Identities are both unstable and temporarily stabilized by social practice and regular, predictable behavior. This is a view influenced, as Hall argued, by the work of Foucault.

Page 17: Identity and subjectivity

 look through any women's magazine. what subject positions are constructed for women?

 look through a magazine that we judge to be aimed at men. what subject position are constructed for men?

 Describes how such subject positions are achieved

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The articulated self

For Stuart Hall, the cumulative effect of Marxism, psychoanalysis, feminism,

contemporary theories of language and the work of Foucault is to deconstruct the

essentialist notion of the unified agent, that is, a subject who possesses a fixed identity as a

referent for the pronoun 'I'. Instead, anti-essentialist conceptions of identity within cultural

studies stress the decentred subject: the self as made up of multiple and changeable

identities.

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AGENCY AND THE POLITICS OF IDENTITY

Discourse (social, cultural)

Power ( knowledge usage – soft forces not physical oppression )

SubjectDecodile body

Subjects are understood as discursive constructions and the products of power

The process of reconstructing new language

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A steadfast critic of Foucault for erasing agents fromstructuralism

STRUCTURE“The place of 

social practice”

Giddens Language

Structure not only limit but also enable subject to act

Subject is not a Wayang in the hand of Dalang that is determined the

actor

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Foucolt reconstruct it as

CONCEPT OF AGENCY

Freedom

Creativity

the very possibility of change through the actions of free agentsAs agent who has

Subject

Finally, Freedom , creativity is determined.However, agency is cultural and rational way to understand ourselves to make a choice

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Feminism (Charles Fourier, the founder)the consciousness to change a condition (oppression) to get  fair system in life (social, culture) to man

In general, a collection of discourse to promote, describes and analyze and look for solution of woman (problem)

Sex is biological thing (body)Gender is the assumptions and social practice that control or construct from woman and men

This picture is of a demonstration for women's rights in Iran. What does the symbolism of the image

try to convey?

Many feminists see the wearing of the veil and the Burka as a sign of oppression, but some Islamic

women suggest that it protects women. What arguments can you construct that support both sides of

the debate?

Page 23: Identity and subjectivity

RortyFeminism how to redefine women not focus on how to be  women

Page 24: Identity and subjectivity

Identity concerns both self-identity and social identity. It is about the personal and the social.  It  is  about  ourselves  and  our  relations  with  others.  It  has  been  argued  that identity is wholly cultural in character and does not exist outside of its representation in cultural discourses. Identity is not a fixed thing that we possess but a becoming. It is a strategic cut or temporary stabilization in language and practice. We may understand identity  as  regulatory  discourses  to  which  we  are  attached  through  processes  of identification or emotional investment.

The self has been understood as multiple, fragmented and decentred. This is an outcome of:the instability of language;our constitution of multiple discourses

SUMMARY