ieee guide for protective relay applications to...
TRANSCRIPT
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IEEE Guide for Protective Relay
Applications to Transmission Lines
What’s New in C37.113-2015
2018 Texas A&M Conference
for Protective Relay Engineers
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Background
Revision of C37.113-1999Application of relays and protection systems
to protect transmission linesD19 Working Group of IEEE Power System
Relaying and Control (PSRC) Committee31 working group membersApproved on December 5, 2015
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C37.113-2015 (D19 WG) members
Don Lukach - Chair
Jeffrey Barsch – Vice Chair
Martin Best
Gustavo Brunello
David Circa
Stephen Conrad
Randall Cunico
Alla Deronja
Normann Fischer
Dom Fontana
Gary Kobet
Walter McCannon
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Alexis Mezco
Dean Miller
John Miller
Joe Mooney
James O’Brien
Dean Ouellette
Claire Patti
Elmo Price
Sam Sambasivan
Mohindar Sachdev
Phil Tatro
Richard Taylor
Michael Thompson
Ian Tualla
Demetrios Tziouvaras
Jun Verzosa
Solveig Ward
Roger Whittaker
Zhiying Zhang
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Table of Contents
Definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsFundamentalsImpact of system configuration on
selection of protection schemesRelay schemesAnnex and extensive bibliography
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What’s New Communication systems Redundancy Autoreclosing Ground overcurrent protection Line length considerations Lines terminated into transformers Current differential applications; Ground path
configurations Effects of high grounding resistance
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What’s New (continued)
Transfer and stub bus configurationsRelay elements used in step distance
schemesPolarization methodsSpecially shaped characteristicsSingle-phase tripping and reclosingFault and system studies
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Communications
Communications allows for include high-speed clearing
Considerations when choosing a communication-based scheme
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Redundancy and Backup Considerations
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Main 1 and main 2 systems for protecting a transmission line
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Remote backup protection of a transmission line
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Line length considerations and SIR
SIR > 4 ; short line0.5
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Line length considerations and SIR
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Considerations for Line Distance Applications
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Preferred scheme for a line terminated into a transformer –Use VH and IH
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Considerations for Line Distance Applications
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Relay uses VH and IL
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Considerations for Line Distance Applications
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Relay uses VL and IL
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Considerations for Line Distance Applications
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Relay uses VL and IH
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Current differential applications for lines terminated into transformers
No issues if current IH is used
If IL is used, consider:–Phase shift correction–Zero-sequence filtering
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Transfer bus and stub bus configurations
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Transfer bus configuration
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Ground path configurations
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Symmetrical component diagram
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Zero-sequence current flow
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(a)Delta to wye-grounded
transformer
(b)Wye-grounded to wye-grounded
transformer
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Effects of high grounding resistance on operation of line protection
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Relay elements in step distance schemes
Use positive-sequence impedance in step distance schemes
Three relay elements are needed for detecting multiphase or single-phase-to-ground faults
k = (Z0 – Z1) / (3Z1)
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Relay element
Type of fault
Voltage applied
Current applied
1 A-ground VA IA + 3I0k2 B-ground VB IB + 3I0k3 C-ground VC IC + 3I0k
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Specially shaped characteristics
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Cone-type load blinder
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Load blinders and lenticular characteristic
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Sensitive ground OC fault protection
High impedance faults pose challenge for distance relaysDirectional ground OC relays must
balance sensitivity and securityConsiderations when using OC
relaysCoordination requirements
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Directional ground overcurrent relay polarization methods
Various methods are discussedImportance of using matching polarizing
methods
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Role of directional ground OC relays with ground distance relays
Directional ground OC can provide sensitive protection for ground faults–Directional comparison pilot schemes
Load and system imbalanceA secure approach is to coordinate all
ground elements with each other
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Autoreclosing methods
IEEE Std C37.104
Discusses criteria used for selecting autoreclosing schemes
High-speed and time-delayed are discussed
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Single-phase tripping and reclosing
SLG fault -> Trip faulted phaseMulti-phase fault -> Trip all phasesBenefits:
– Typically improves stability and power transfer capability
– Improved system response– Lower power surges for generators– Do not need to check for synchronism on
reclose– Reduced switching overvoltages
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Single-phase tripping and reclosing – Special considerations
Faulted phase selectionArc deionizationAutomatic reclosing considerationsPole disagreementEffects of unbalances currentsExtra requirements for circuit breakers
and relays
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Existing PSRC D Subcommittee Guides
C37.230 - 100 pages
C37.104 - 72 pages
C37.113 – 141 pages
C37.114 – 76 pages
C37.243 – 72 pages
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Standard can be purchased from the IEEE Standard Association
https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/C37.113-2015.html
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What’s New in C37.113-2015BackgroundC37.113-2015 (D19 WG) membersTable of ContentsWhat’s NewWhat’s New (continued)CommunicationsRedundancy and Backup ConsiderationsRemote backup protection of a transmission lineLine length considerations and SIRLine length considerations and SIRConsiderations for Line Distance ApplicationsConsiderations for Line Distance ApplicationsConsiderations for Line Distance ApplicationsConsiderations for Line Distance ApplicationsCurrent differential applications for lines terminated into transformers Transfer bus and stub bus configurationsGround path configurationsSymmetrical component diagramZero-sequence current flowEffects of high grounding resistance on operation of line protectionRelay elements in step distance schemesSpecially shaped characteristicsCone-type load blinderLoad blinders and lenticular characteristicSensitive ground OC fault protectionDirectional ground overcurrent relay polarization methodsRole of directional ground OC relays with ground distance relaysAutoreclosing methodsSingle-phase tripping and reclosingSingle-phase tripping and reclosing – Special considerationsSlide Number 32Standard can be purchased from the IEEE Standard Association��https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/C37.113-2015.html